Skip to main content

Full text of "The Parliamentary or constitutional history of England, from the earliest times, to the restoration of King Charles II"

See other formats


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


, 

THE  7 

PARLIAMENTARY 

O    R 
CONSTITUTIONAL 

Hiftory  of  England, 

From  the  earlieft  TIMES, 

T  O    T  H  E 

Reftoration  of  King  CHARLES  II. 

COLLECTED 

From  the  RECORDS,  the  ROLLS  of  Parliament,  the  JOURNALS 
of  both  Houfes,  the  Publk  LIBRARIES,  Original  MANU- 
SCRIPTS, fcarce  SPEECHSS,  and  TRACTS  j  all  compared 
with  the  feveral  Contemporary  Writers,  and  connected, 
throughout,  with  the  Hiftory  of  the  Times. 

By    SEVERAL    HANDS. 

THE    SECOND   EDITION. 
IN    TWENTY-FOUR    VOLUMES. 

VOL.     XXI.  . 

From  the  Meeting  of  Cromwell's  third  Parliament,  in  Seflehitxr,  1656, 
to  the  great  Confufions  in  Ofiofar,  1659. 


LONDON, 

Printed  for  J.  and  R.  TONSON,  and  A.  MILLAR,  in  the 
Strand;  and  W.  SANDBY,  in  Fleet -Jlreet, 

MDCCLXIII, 


*,***  *       ,*S       *          *         ,*x      * 


THE 


Parliamentary  Hiftory 


O    F 


ENGLAND. 


Vigorous  Profecution  of  theXVar  with 
fy<7/tf,  requiring  large  Supplies,  the 
Protestor  was  neceffitated  to  call  a 
Parliament  :  But  left  a  new  one  (hould 
prove  as  refractory  as  thelaft,  which, 
in  January,  1654,  he  had  diflblv'd  in 
high  Difguft,  he  refolved  to  leave  no  Means  unat- 
tempted  to  pack  together  an  Aflembly  of  Men  de- 
voted to  his  own  Ambitious  and  Arbitrary  Defigns. 
In  effecting  this  his  Major-Generals  of  Counties,  of 
which  new  Kind  of  Officers  we  have  taken  parti- 
cular Notice  in  our  laft  Volume,  were  highly  fer- 
viceable";  not  only  in  procuring,  by  their  Influence 
and  Authority,  themfelves  and  their  Dependents, 
fuch  as  Governors  of  Caftles  and  Garrtfons,  Colo- 
nels of  Regiments  in  the  Army,  Captains  of  County 
Troops,  Civil  Officers,  and  Relations  of  the  Lord 
Vet.  XXI.  A  Fro. 


inter-  regaum, 
l656- 


•  Vol.  XX. 


ttfr?. 


127217° 


2         'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  Prote&or,  to  be  chofen  ;  but  alfo  in  preventing  the 
»656-  Election  of  many  Gentlemen  of  the  beft  Families 
c-.-v— ~j  ancj  Fortunes  b.  Yet  finding,  neverthelefs,  that  a 
'  SePtember-  great  Number  of  Members  of  the  laft  Parliament, 
who  had  been  the  moft  refolute  Oppofers  of  his  Mea- 
fures, were  return'd  to  ferve  in  the  prefent;  and  ap- 
prehenfive  he  fhould  not,  therefore,  be  able,  by  a 
Legiflative  Sanction,  to  ratify  and  eftablifh  his  Go- 
vernment, which  had  hitherto  no  Authority  but 
what  was  derived  from  the  Sword,  he  determined 
that  not  a  Man  mould  be  permitted  to  fit  in  thtf 
Houfe,  without  firft  producing  a  Certificate  of  his 
being  approved  by  the  Council  of  State. 

This  Tyrannical  Project  of  Cromwell's,  betngthe 
higheft  Infringement  of  the  Liberties  of  the  Nation 
we  have  yet  met  with,  in  the  whole  Courfe  of  thefe 
Inquiries,  we  fhall  endeavour  to  inveftigate,  and 
bring  together,  every  authentic  Circumftance  that 
can  pofiibly  contribute  to  illuftrate  fo  important  a 
Crifis. 

To  this  End  we  exhibit  a  Lift  of  the  Members 
of  this  Parliament,  diftinguifhing  all  fuch  as  were 
the  Dependents  or  Relations  of  Cromwell ;  and  alfo 
thofe  who,  though  duly  return'd  by  the  Sheriffs, 
were  not  permitted  to  fit  in  the  Houfe.  „-, 

b  In  the  Fifth  Volume  of  Tburloc's  State  Papers,  is  a  Copy  of  a 
Pamphlet,  intituled,  England's  Remembrancer,  or  a  Word  in  Seafoit 
to  all  Englifhmen  about  their  Eleflior.s  of  Members  for  the  approach- 
ing Parliament.  This  Piece,  great  Numbers  whereof  were  difperfed 
all  over  the  Nation,  feems  to  have  been  calculated  to  fpirit  up  the 
People  againft  the  Protector  and  his  Government. 

In  that  Colleftron  alfo  are  feveral  Letters  from  Lord  Broghilt,  Henry 
Cromwell,  Monck,  cJt>ur!oe,  M'halley.  Lilburne,  Haynes,  Di/browe, 
Kelfey,  Gaffe,  Berry,  Bridges,  feff.  from  the  Perufal  of  which  may  be 
form'd  a  juft  Idea  of  the  arbitrary  Meafures  made  ule  of  to  fecuie  a 
Majoiity  of  Members  in  the  P.  elector's  Intereft,  to  be  return'd 

for  England,  Scotland,  and  Ire/and. We  lhall  give  an  Extract  of 

one  only,  as  a  Specimen  of  the  left. 

London,  Aug.  12,  1656. 

"  All  our  Newes  is  about  the  Choyce  of  Members  for  Parliament. 
Where  our  honeft  Soldiers  can  appeare,  a  reafonable  good  Choyce  is 
Inade,  but  the  farther  off  from  London  the  worfe  ;  for  even  here 
amongft  us,  under  our  Nofes,  the  Ill-affected  are  fo  bould  and  in- 
gratefull,  as,  at  Elections,  to  cry  out,  Noe  Souldiers,  noe  Courtiers: 
But  curft  Cowes  have  fli.:>rt  Homes ;  and  the  Prudence  of  our  Gover- 
nors, by  the  fending  for  up  of  the  reft  of  the  Army,  will  doubtleii 
fecure  us  agaiuft  the  jaew  and  old  Malignants  boaUV' 


Gf   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.  3 

Ttie  NAMES  of  the  PERSONS  returned  to  ferve  in  the  Parliament 

appointed  to  meet  at  Weftminfter,  September  17,   1656,  fo-i 

the  fever  al  COUNTIES,  CITIES,  TOWNS,  BOROUGHS,  and 

CINQUE  PORTS,  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England,  Scotland, 

•  and  Ireland.  c 

The  Members  in  the  Italic  Char  after  were  denied  Admittance  into 
the  Houfc  ;  and  tbofe  witl?  k  prefixed,  voted  for  CromwellV 
being  King.  d 

BEDFORDSHIRE.  OIR  William  Boteler,  Knt. 


John  Harvey,  Efq; 
Richard  Wagftaffe,  Efq;  as  Captain  of  Fcot, 


!,  per  Ann.  and   Captain  of  a  County 
Troop,  iooA 
k  Samuel  Bedford,  Efq;  one  of  the  Receivers  cf 

the  Public  Revenues,  300  /.  per  Ann, 
Richard  Edwards,  Efq; 
Bedford  T.          Thomas  Margets,  Efq;  Judge-  Advocate  of  the 

Army,  2737.   15*.  par  Ann. 
BERKSHIRE.       k  William  Trumbull,  Efq; 
John  Southby,  Efq; 

k  Edmund  Dunch,  of  Eaft-  Wittenham,  E6j; 
/-  Capt.  John  Dunch,  related  to  the  Lord  Pro- 

tector by  Marriage. 
k  William  Hide,  EJq-, 
Mngdon  B.          Thomas  Holt,  Efq; 

A  2  Rjed. 

c  Extracted  from  the  Journals,  Dr.  Willit's  Not  i  tin  ParltAmeistaria,  the  Diaries  of 
the  Times,  Tburloe,  &c. 

The  Account  of  the  feveral  Offices,  &c.  of  which  th*  Members  were  poflefled, 
with  their  refpe<ftive  Value,  are  taken  from  a  Pamphlet  publirtied  immediately  after 
the  Dillblutioo  of  the  Parliament.  -  This  Piece,  which  is  wrote  with  equal  Truth 
and  Refentment,  is  intituled,  A  Narrative  of  the  latt  Parliament,  (ft  called)  their 
flefiion  and  Appearing  5  the  Stcfajion  of  a  great  Part  of  then  ;  the  Sitting  of  the  rejt. 
tfitb  an  Account  of  tbf  Places  of  Profit,  Salaries,  and  Advantages,  ivbtcb  t&ev  bold 
and  receive  under  the  prefent  P  fiver.  With  feme  Queritt  thereupon  ;  and  upon  the  mojl 
material  Aeit  'and  Proceedings  paff'ed  by  them.  All  Jbumtly  prefuifcd  to  Confederation  ; 
publified  for  Information  of  tbe  People,  hy  a  Friend  to  the  Commonwealth,  and  to  its 
J^dr-bought  Right;  end  L:l>t>tict.  —  It  was  communicated  b>  tlic  Rev.  Dr.  Birch,  Se- 
cretary to  the  Royal  Society  ;  to  whom  ihe  Authors  of  this  Work  are  much  obliged 
for  feveral  valuable  Materials. 

d  It  is  remarkable  that  fome  of  thofc  Members  who  were  denied  their  Seats  in  the 
Houfe,  at  the  Opening  of  the  Parliament,  afterwards  voted  for  making  of  Croimuetl 
King.  -  That  they  were  at  firft  refnftd  Admittance,  as  not  being  approved  by  the 
Council,  is  copfitm'd  by  the  Journals  ;  and  yet,  from  the  frequent  Mention  of  their 
Names  in  thofc  Authorities  afterwards,  as  Tellers,  (&c.  it  is  evident  they  got  in  by 
fome  Means  or  other.  It  is  not  improbable,  therefore,  that  their  promiJTnp  tovotj 
fat  the  Pjotcftor's  Advancement  to  the  Crown,  was  the  Price  of  their  Admjdiou§ 


Aylefbury  B. 
Dipping  -  fff 

comb  B. 
CAMBRIDGE- 


4 The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Reading  B.          Daniel  Blagrave,  Efq; 

BUCKINGHAM-  k  Rt.  Hon.  Bulftrode  Whitlocke,  as  Commif- 
SHIRE.  fioner  of  the  Treafury,  iooo  7.  per  Ann.  his 

Son  a  Colonel  in  the  Army,  and  made  a 

Knight  by  the  Lord  Protector,  Jan.  6,  1656* 
Sir  Richard  Piggot,  Knt. 
Richard  Grenville^  Efa; 
k  Richard  Ingoldfby,  Efq;  Colonel  of  Horfe, 

4747.  ioj.  per  Ann.  The  Protector's  Kinf- 

man. 

k  Richard  Hampden,  Efq; 
Buckingham  T.    k  Francis  Ingoldfby,  Efq;  a  Relation  to  the  Lord 

Protector. 

Thomas  Scott^  of  Lamleth-Houfe^  Efq; 
Maj.  Gen.  Tobias  Bridge,  Colonel  of  Horfe, 

4747.    10  s.  per  Ann. 

k  Sit  Francis  Rufiel,  Bart.  Chamberlain  of  Che- 
Jter,  500  7.  per  Ann.    One  of  his  Daughters 

married  the  Lord  Protector's  fecond  Son. 
Robert  Caftle,  Efq; 
Henry  Pickering,  Efqj 
k  Robert  Weft,  Efq; 
Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Richard  Cromwell,  Chancellor 

of  the  Univerfity.     Eldeft  Son  of  the  Lord 

Protector. 

Richard  Tymbes,  Alderman. 
k  Rt.  Hon.  John  Thurloe,  Principal  Secretary 

of  State,  and  Poftmafter  of  England. 
William  Fijher,  Efq; 
Sir  George  Booth,  Bart. 
Thomas  Marbury,  of  Marbury,  Efq; 
k  Richard  Legh,  ofLyme,  Efq; 
k  Major  Peter  Brooke,  of  Reddifli. 
Edward  Bradfhaw,  Efq; 
Rt.  Hon.  Francis  Roufe^  as  one  of  his  High- 

nefs's  Council.  iooo7.  per  Ann.  and  Provoft 

of  Eaton  College,  500  7. 
Anthony  Nichols,  of  Penrofe,  Efq; 
k  Richard  Carter,  of  Colomb-Major,  Efq; 
Thomas  Ceeley,  of  Trevifham,  Efq; 
William  Braddon,  Efq;  Captain  of  a  County 

Troop,  1 00  7.  ptr  Ann. 


SHIRE. 


Cambridge  Uni- 
verfity. 

Cambridge  T. 
Me  of  £7. 


CHESHIRE. 


Chefler  C. 
CORNWALL. 


Of    ENGLAND. 


5 


Launcefton  B. 
Truro  B. 
Penryn  B. 


John  St.  Aubyn,  of  Clowance,  Efq; 

Col.  Anthony  Roufe,  Vice -Admiral  of  the 
North  and  South  Coafts  of  Cornwall. 

Walter  Moyle,  of  Bake,  Efq-, 

Thomas  Gewen,  of  Bradridge^  Efq; 

Walter  Vincent,  Efq-t 

John  Fox,  Efq;  Recorder  of  this  Borough, 
Governor  of  Pendennis  Caftle,  and  Captain 
of  Horfe.  The  Protector's  Kinfman. 


MiddIeTemPle» 
CUMBERLAND,  k  Maj.  Gen.  Charles  Howard,   as  Colonel  of 
Foot,  3657.  per  Ann.  and  Captain  of  a  Coun- 
ty Troop,  ioo/.  alfo  Governor  of  Berwick , 
Carlijle,  and  Tinmsuth. 
k  William  Brifcoe,Efq;  Colonel  of  Foot,  3657. 

per  Ann. 

Carlijle  C.  k  George  Downing,  Efq;  as  one  of  the  Tellers 

of  the  Exchequer  in  England,  500  /.  per  Ann. 
and,  as  Scout- Mafter  General  of  Scotland, 

3*5'- 
DERBYSHIRE.     John  Cell,  Efq\ 

Sir  Samuel  Sleigh,  Knt. 

Thomas  Saunders,  Efq; 

German  Pole,  Efq; 

Derby  T.  k  Gervafe  Bennet,  Efq;  one  of  the  Committee 

for  the  Prefervation  of  the  Excife  and  Cuf- 
toms,  300 /.  per  Ann.  alfo  a  valuable  Place 
in  the  Wine-Office,  and  one  of  the  Commit- 
tee for  the  Army. 
DEVONSHIRE.     Sir  John  Northcot,  Bart. 

Sir  John  Young,  Knt. 

Robert  Rolle,  Efq; 

Arthur  Upton,  Efq;  a  Commiflioner  of  the  Cuf- 
toms,  fuppofed  to  be  worth  near  8oo/.  per 
Ann. 

Thomas  Reyncll,  Efq; 

William  Morrice,  of  Werringtony  Efq\ 

Capt.  Henry  Hatfel,  Commiflioner  of  the  Navy 
at  Plymouth,  300 /.  per  Ann. 

Edmund  Fowel,  Efq; 

A  3  John 


Exeter  C. 
Plymouth  B. 


Cllftonl  &art; 
mouth,  Hard- 

nejs,   is. 
Totnefs  B. 

B. 


Tiverton  B. 
Honyton  B. 
DORSETSHIRE. 


Dorcbe/lfr, 
Weymoiitb  and 


The  Parliamentary  HISTORV 

John  Hele,   Efy; 

"John  Dodderidge,   Efq\ 

Thomas  Saunders,  Efq;  Major  of  Foot,  ancf 

Governor  of  Plymouth. 

Thomas  Bampfield,  Efq;  Recorder  of  this  City. 
Thomas  Weftlake,  Gent.  Town-Clerk. 
Job*1  Maynard,  Serjeant  at  Law,  call'd  to  the 

Bar  by  a  Writ  of  the  Lord  Proteftor^  Jan.  19, 

.1653- 
Timothy  Alfop,  Merchant. 

Ed  ward  Hopkins,  Efq;  a  Commiffioner  of  the 
Admir,ltyj  5OO  /.  ^  ^ 

Chriftopher  Maynard,  Merchant, 

Sir  John  Copplefton,  Colonel  of  a  County  Re- 
giment. Knighted  by  the  Lord  Prote&or, 
June  I,  1655. 

Robert  Shapcot,  of  Broadmarfh,  Efq; 

Major  Samuel  Searle. 

Rt.  Hon.  William  Sydenham,  as  one  of  his 
Highnefs's  Council,  iooo/.  per  Ann.  and  as 
a  Commiffioner  of  the  Treafury,  iooo  /.  be-r 
fides  the  Government  of  the  Ifle  of  JVight. 

k  Col.  John  Bingham,  Governor  of  Guernfey. 

Robert  Coker,   Efq; 

£  Col.  John  Fitz-  James. 

James  Dewey,  Efq; 

John  Trenchard,   Efq; 

John  Whiteway,  Efq; 


Dennis  Bond>  E(q.   Comptroller  of  the  Re* 
CeiptS  in  the  Exchecluer>  5°0/-  Per  Ann- 
Lyme-Regis  B.     k  Edmund  Prideaux,  Efq;  Attorney-General  to 
the  State.     His   Fee  for  every  Patent  and 
Pardon,  5/.  each.    His  Place  fuppofed  worth 
near  6000  /.  per  Ann. 
Poole  T.  Edward  Boteler,  Efq;  one  of  the  Receivers  of 

the  Public  Revenues,   300  /.  per  Ann. 
DURHAM.  k  Thomas  Lilburn,  of  Ufferton,  Efq;  Captain 

of  Horfe,  2737.  per  Ann. 
James  C  layering,  Efq\ 

Durham  C.          k  Anthony  Smith,  Alderman,  Mafter  of  an 

Hof- 


Of     ENGLAND.  7 

Hofpital,  and  one  of  the  Regifters  of  Mar- 
riages, &c.  there,  2OO  /.  per  Ann, 
llesEX.  Sir  Thomas  Honeywood,  Knt. 

Dionyfius  Wakering,  Efq; 
Henry  Alildmay,  of  Graces,  Efq; 
Carew  Mildmay,  Efq; 
Sir  Richard  Everard,  Bart. 
Robert  Barringron,  of   Weftminfter,  Efq;  a 

Relation  of  the  Lord  Protector.  • 
Dudley  Temple,  Efq; 
Oliver  Raymond^  Efq', 
Edward  Turner,  Ejq; 
Sir  Thomas  Bowes,  Knt. 
Hezekiah  Haynes,  Efq;  Major  of  Horfe,  3587. 

13*.  4^.  per  Ann. 
John  Archer,  Efq; 
Sir  Harbottle  Grimjlon,  Bart. 
Colchefler  B.         Rt.  Hon.  Henry  Lawrence,  Prefident  of  the 

Lord  Protedlor's  Council,   loool.-prr  Ann. 
John  Maidftone,  Efq;  Steward  of  his  High- 

nefs's  Houfliold. 

Maiden  B.  Joachim  Matthews,  Efq;  Recorder. 

GLOUCESTER-    George  Berkeley,  Efq; 
SHIRE.  John  Howe,  Efq; 

John  Crofts,  Efq;  Captain  of  a  County  Troop, 

IOO/.  per  Ann. 

Baynham  Throckmorton,  Efq; 
William  Neaft,  Efq; 

Gloucefler  C.         Rt.  Hon.  Maj.  Gen.  John  Difbrowe,   made 
his  Election  for  Somerfetjhire.     In  his  Place, 
k  James  Stephens,  Alderman. 
Thomas  Pury,  jun.  Efq; 
Tewk/bury  B.        Francis  White,  of  Weftminfter,  Efq;  Colonel 

of  Foot,  365  /.  per  Ann. 

Cirencejler  B.  k  Capt.  John  Stone,  of  Weftminfter,  as  Teller 
in  the  Exchequer,  500  /.  per  Ann.  as  Re- 
ceiver-General of  the  Taxes,  300  /.  and  as 
Comptroller  of  the  Excife  and  Cuftoms, 
400 /.  alfo  a  Commiffioner  of  the  Wine- 
Office. 

HEREFORD-        Major-General  Berry,  made  his  Election  for 
SHIRE.  jyorcejlerjbire. 


Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Edward  Harley,  Efq; 

Bennet  Hofkins,  Efq;  one  of  the  Welch  Judge? 
for  the  Shires  of  Pembroke,  Carmarthen,  and 
Cardigan. 
k  Benjamin   Mafon,  Efq;    Lieutenant   of    a 

County  Troop. 
Hereford  C.         Col.  Wroth  Rogers,  Governor  of  this  City, 

and  Captain  of  a  County  Troop. 
LeominJIer  B.        Jahn  Birch,  Efq; 
HERTFORD-    k  William  Earl  of  Soli/bury. 
SHIRE.          k  Sir  Richard  Lucy,  Bart. 

Sir  John  JPitteiurong,  of  Harding ,  Knt* 
Sir  John  Gore,  Knt. 
Rowland  Litton,  of  Knebworth,  Efq; 
St.  Allans  B.       Col.  Alban  Cox,  Captain  of  a  County  Troop, 

ioo/.  per  Ann. 

Hertford  T.         Ifaac  Pulter,  Efq; 

HUNTINGDON-  k  Rt.  Hon.  Edward  Montagu,  as  one  of  his 

SHIRE.,  Highnefs's  Council,   iooo/.   per  Ann.  as  a 

Commiflioner  of  the  Treafury,  iooo/.  and 

General  at  Sea,   1095 /. 

h  Col.  Henry  Cromwell,  jun.  of  Ramfay.  The 

Protestor's  Nephew. 
Nicholas  Pedley,  Efq;  a  Commiflioner  of  the 

Wine-Office  at  IVeftminftcr. 

Huntingdon  T.     John  Barnard,  Efq;  of  this  Borough. 
KENT.  JohnDixwell,  Efq; 

William  James,  Efq; 
Henry  Oxenden,  Efq; 
Sir  Thomas  Style,  Bart. 
John  Boys,  of  Eettejhanger,  Efq; 
Lambert  Godfrey,  Efq;  Recorder  of  Maidjlone* 
Richard  Beale,  Efq; 
John  Selliard,  Efq; 
Ralph  Welden,  Efq; 
Richard  Meredith,  Efq; 
Daniel  Shatterden,  Efq; 
Canterbury  C.      Thomas  St.  Nicholas,   Efq; 

Vincent  Denn,   Efq; 
Rochefter  C.         Hon.  John  Parker,  one  of  the  Barons  of  the 

Exchequer,   iooo/.  per  Ann, 
Maid/lone  B.       John  Bankes,  Efq; 


Lancafttr  T. 
Prejhn  B. 
Liverpool  B. 
Manckejler  B. 
LEICESTER* 


SHIRE, 


Ltutjler  T. 


Efq; 


O/    ENGLAND.  9 

Queenborough  B.  Gabriel  Livefey,  Efq; 
LANCASHIRE.     Sir  Richard  Houghton,  Bart. 

k  Col.  Gilbert  Ireland,  Captain  of  a  County 
Troop,  loo/,  per  Ann. 

Col.  Richard  Holland. 

Col.  Richard  Standifh. 

Major  Henry  Porter. 

Col.  Richard  Shuttleworth. 

Thomas  Birch.   Efq; 

Richard  Radcli/e,  Efq\ 

Col.  Thomas  Beaumont,  of  Stoughton* 
Grainge. 

k  Francis  Hacker,  of  Oakham,  in  Rutland- 
fhire,  Efq;  Colonel  of  Horfe,  474.7.  IOJ.  per 
Ann. 

William  Quarles,  ofEnderby,  Efq; 

Thomas  Pochen,  of  Barkely  Thorpe, 

Sir  Arthur  Hafierigg,  of  A  cjelyy  Bart. 

William  Stanley,  Efq; 
LINCOLNSHIRE.  Thomas  Hall,  of  Dunnington,  Efqj 

Thomas  Lifter,  of  Colby,   Ejq\ 

Thomas  Hatcher,  of  Carleton,  Efq; 

Edward  Rofiiter,  of  Somerby,  Efq; 

Charles  Hall,  of  Kettlethorpe,  Elq-y 

William  Woolley,  ef  Will,  Efq; 

k  Francis  Clifton,  <7//rfjFiennes,  of  Great  Stour- 
ton,  Efq;  Captain  of  a  County  Troop,  100  /. 
per  Ann. 

William  Savile^  of  Newton,  Efq\ 

William  Welby,  of  Denton,  Ejq; 

Charles  Hujfey,  of  Hunnington,  Efq\ 

Origen  Peart,  Efq; 

Humphrey  Walcot,  Efq; 

Sir  Anthony  Irby,    Knt. 

William  Ellis,  Efq;    Solicitor- General  to  the> 

State,  worth  about  3000  /.  per  Ann. 
Stamford  R.          John  Weaver,  Efq', 
Grim/by.  William  Wrav,  Efq; 

MIDDLESEX.  Sir  John  Barkftead,  as  Captain  of  Foot,  1467. 
per  Ann.  Major-General  for  Middlesex  and 
Weftminfter,  6661.  i$s.  ±d-  and  as  Lieu- 
tenant of  the  Tower,  250 /.  Salary,  befides 

the 


Lincoln  C* 

Eoftcn  T. 
Grant  ham  B. 


lo  *Tfo  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

the  Perquifites  of  that  Office,  about  2000 /. 
per  Ann.  more.  Knighted  by  the  Lord  Pro- 
tector Jan.  19,  1655. 

k  Sir  William  Roberts,   Knt.    as   one  of  the 
Committee  for  Prefervation  of  the  Excife  and 
Cuftoms,  300  A  per  Ann.  and  as  Comptrol- 
ler of  the  Exchequer,  600  /•   alfo  a  Com- 
jniffioner  of  the  Wine- Office,    and  one  of 
the  Committee  for  the  Army. 
Chaloner  Chute,  Efq; 
Col.  William  Kiffen,  Captain  of  a   County 

Troop,  ioo/.  per  Ann. 

Weflminfter  C.     Col.  Edward  Grofvenor,  Quarter-Mafter  Ge- 
neral, 4IQ/.   lOs.  per  Ann.  e 
Edward  Carey,  Efq;  Deputy  to  the  High  Stew- 
ard of  this  City  and  Liberties. 
London  C.  k  Thomas  Foot,  Alderman.  . 

k  Sir  Chriftopher  Packe,  Alderman.  Knighted 
by  the  Lord  Protector  September  20,   1655. 
Thomas  Adams,  Alderman. 
Richard  Brown,  Efq; 
Theophilus  Biddulph,   Efq; 
John  Jones i  Efq; 

'MoNMOUTH-      Major-General  Berry,  made  his  Election  for 

SHIRE,  Worcefterjhire.       In    his   Place,     Nathaniel 

Waterhoufe,  of  Weftminfter,  Efq;   Steward 

to  the  Lord    Protector   for  his  Highnefs's 

Lands  in  Wales. 

Capt.  John  Nicholas,  Governor  of  Chepftow 
Caftle,  Captain  of  Foot,  alfo  of  a  Militia 
Troop,   and  Treafurer- General   of   South- 
Wales.  He  married  the  Lord  Protector's  Niece. 
k  Sir  Edward  Herbert,  Knt.  Overfeer,  or  Chief 
Bailiff,  of  the  Lord  Protector's  Lands  in  Wales. 
NORFOLK.  Rt.  Hon.  Charles  Fleetwood,    as  one  of  his 

Highnefs's  Council,  iooo/.  per  Ann.  Lord 
Deputy  of  Ireland,  36407.  Colonel  of  Horfe 
there,  474  /.  IQS.  and  of  Foot,  3657.  Alfo 
Colonel  of  Horfe  in  England,  474 /,  IOJ. 
and  Major-General  of  the  Counties  of  Ox- 

ford, 

c  In  order  to  carry  this  Eleftion  many  of  the  Soldiers  threw  off  their  Uniform,  put 
on  other  Clothes,  and  polled  as  Houfekeepers.  Narrative  before  cited. 


Norwich  C. 


Of    ENGLAND.  M 

ford)  Buckingham,  Hertford,  Cambridge  and 
Ifle  of  Ely,  E/ex,  Norfolk,  and  Suffolk  ;  the 
Protestor's  Sen -in- Law,  having,  married  his 
cldeft  Daughter,  Bridget,  Irctons  Widow. 

Sir  John  Hobart,   Bart. 

Sir  William  D'Oiley,  Knt. 

Sir  Ralph  Hare,  Bart. 

Sir  Horatio  Townftiend,  Bart. 

Philip  Woodhoufe,  Efq; 

k  Col.  Robert  Wilton. 

k  Col.  Robert  Wood. 

k  John  Buxton,  Efq; 

Thomas  Mother  ton,  Efq; 

Bernard  Church,  Efq; 


John  Hobart,  Efq; 

T.  Major-General  Difbrowe,  made  his  Election 

for  Somerf etjhire.      In   his  Place,  Guibbon 
Goddard,  Efq-,  Recorder. 
Rt.  Hon.  Philip  Skippon,    as  one  of  his  High- 
nefs's  Council,  1000  A  per  Ann.  and  Major- 
General  of  London,  666  /.    1 3  s.  4.0". 

Great  Yarmouth    Charles  George  Cocke,  one  of  the  Judges  of 
T.  the  Admiralty,  500  /.  per  Ann.  and  as  Com- 

miflioner  of  the  Prerogative  Court,  300 /. 
Major  William  Burton. 

NORTH  AMP-      Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Gilbert  Pickering,  Bart,    as  one 
TONSHIRE.  of  his  Highnefs's  Council,   iooo/.  per  Ann. 

alfo  Chamberlain  of  the  Court,  and  High 
Steward  of  Weflminjler. 

k  Rt.  Hon.  John  Lord  Cleypole,  Son-in-Law 
to  the  Lord  Protedror,  having  married  his  fe- 
cond  Daughter,  Elizabeth;  and  Matter  of 
the  Horfe  to  his  Highnefs. 
William  Boteler,  Efq;  as  Major  of  Horfe,  3587. 
13*.  4</.  per  Ann.  and  Major-General  of 
the  Counties  of  Northampton,  Bedford,  Rut" 
land,  and  Huntingdon,  6661.   13*.  4  d. 
James  Langham,  of  Cottefbrooke,  Efq; 
Thomas  Crew,  of  Stene,  Efq; 
Alexander  Blake,  Efq;  one  of  the  Receivers  of 

the  Public  Revenues,  300  /.  per  Ann. 
Peterborough  C.    Francis  St.  John,  Efq; 

North- 


JLXISD, 


upon 


12  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Northampton  T.  Francis  Hervey,  of  Wefton-Favell,  Efq; 

L-  William  Fenwick,  of  Wallington,  Efq;  Mafter 
of  Sherborn  Hofpital. 

Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Thomas  Widdrington,  Knt.  Re- 
corder of  York,  as  Speaker  of  the  Houfe, 
35 /.  per  Week,  befides  5/.  for  every  private 
Act  patted,  and  5/.  for  every  Stranger  na- 
turaliz'd ;  alfo  a  Commiffioner  of  the  Trea- 
fury,  1000  /.  per  Ann. 

Robert  Fenwick,   of  Bedljngton,  Efq; 

Rt.  Hon.  Walter  Strickland,  as  one  of  his 
Highnefs's  Council,  IOOO/.  per  Ann.  alfo 
Captain  of  his  Grey-Coat  Foot- Guard  at 
Whitehall. 

Col.  George  Fenwick^  of  Brenkbornfy  Governor 

of  Leith. 

NOTTINGHAM-  Edward  Whalley,  Efq;  as  CommifTary- General 
of  the  Horfe,  273  /.  155.  per  Ann.  as  Colo- 
nel of  a  Regiment  of  Horfe,  474.7.  ioj.  and 
as  Major- General  of  the  Counties  of  Lincoln, 
Nottingham,  Derby,  Warwick,  and  Leicejier^ 
666  7.  13  s.  Afd. 

Edward  Cludd,  Efq;  one  of  the  Committee  for 
the  Army. 

Edward  Nevil,  Efq; 

Peni/lon  Whalley,  Efq\ 


T. 


SHIRE. 


Nottingham  T.    Col.  James  Chadwick,  one  of  the  Judges  of 

the  Peverel  Court  at  Nottingham,  an  old  op- 

preflive  Office  newly  revived  by  the  Lord 

Prote&or. 

William  Drury,  Alderman. 
.  Lord  Deputy  Fleetwood,  made  his  Election  for 

Norfolk. 
k  William  Lenthall,  Efq;  late  Speaker  of  the 

Long  Parliament,  Mafter  of  the  Rolls,  worth 

about  2OOO  /.  per  Ann. 
k  Robert  Jenkinfon,  Efq; 
k  Miles  Fleetwood,  Efq;  one  of  the  Clerks  of 

the  Privy-Seal,   about  500  /.  per  Ann. 
k  Sir  Francis  Norris,  Knt. 
k  Rt.  Hon.  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  as  one  of  his 

Highnefs's    Council,    icoo/.   per   Ann.    a 

Com- 


Oxford  Univer- 
fry. 


QxfordC, 
(food/lock  E. 

RUTLAND- 
SHIRE. 
SHROPSHIRE, 


Shrew/bury. 
Bridgnortb  B, 


Ludlow  B, 
SOMERSET- 
SHIRE. 


Bath  C. 


Of   ENGLAND.  13 

Commiffioner  of  the  Great- Seal  iooo/.  and, 
as  Keeper  of  the  Privy-Seal,  fuppofed  iooo/. 
more. 

k  Richard  Croke,  Efq;  Recorder. 

Major- General  William  Packer,  as  Colonel  of 
Horfe,  474 /.  ioj.  per  Ann. 

William  Shields,  Efq; 

Abel  Barker^  Efq-, 

Thomas  Mackworth,  Efq;  Farmer  of  the  Ex- 
cife  in  Lancajhire. 

Philip  Young,    Efq; 
,   Col.  Samuel  Moore. 

Col.  Andrew  Lloyd. 

Col.  Humphrey  Maekworth,  Governor  of  the 
Garrifon  there. 

Samuel  Jones,  Efq\ 

Edward  Waring,  Efq;  Captain  of  a  County 
Troop,  ioo/.  per  Ann.  and  a  Farmer  of  the 
Excife. 

£  John  AJlon,  Efq\ 

Rt.  Hon.  Major-General  John  Difbrowe,  as 
one  of  his  Highnefs's  Council,  iooo/.  per 
Ann.  General  at  Sea,  10957.  Col.  of  Horfe, 
474 /.  10  s.  as  Major-General  of  the  Coun- 
ties of  Gloucejier>  Wilts,  Dorfet,  Somerfet* 
Devon^  and  Cornwall^  666 /.  13*.  4</.  He 
married  the  Lord  Protector's  Sifter. 

John  Euckland,  Ef& 

Alexander  Pop  ham ,  Efq; 

Robert  Long,  Efq', 

k  Col.  John  Gorges,  Captain  of  a  County 
Troop,  iQol.perAnn. 

Francis  Luttrell,  Efq; 

k  John  Afhe,  Efq; 

John  Harrington,  Efq; 

k  Sir  Liflebone  Long,  Recorder  of  London^ 
Knighted  by  the  Lord  Prote&or  Dec.i  5, 1665, 

William  Wyndham,  Efq; 

Francis  Rolle,  Efq; 

k  Robert  Aldworth,  Efq; 

John  Doditeridge*  Efq\ 

James  Aflje,   Efq;  Recorder, 


H 

Welh  C. 


The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 


John  Jenkyn,  Efq;  Captain  of  Horfe,  2737.  per 

Ann. 

Taunton  B,  Robert  Blake,  Efq;  as  General  at  Sea,  1095  ^ 

per  jinn,  befides  other  Advantages. 

Col.   Thomas  Gorges,  one  of  the  Commif- 
iioners  for  the  Taxes  upon  new  Buildings 
about  London  and  IVeftminJler* 
Bridge-water  B.    k  Sir  Thomas  Wroth,   Knt. 
SOUTHAMP-        Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Richard  Cromwell,    made  'his 
TONSHIRE.  Election  for  the  Univeriity  of  Cambridge. 

Major- General  William  Goffe,  as  Colonel  of 
Horfe,  474/.  IGJ.  per  Ann.  and  as  Major- 
General  of  the  Counties  of  SuJJex^  Southamp- 
ton, and  Berks,  6661.  13*.  \d. 

Robert  Wallop,  of  Hurfley,    Efq; 

Richard  Norton,  of  South  wick,  Efq;  Colonel  of 
a  Regiment  of  Foot,  and  Governor  of  Portf* 
mouth. 

Thomas  Cole,  of  Lifs,  Efq; 

John  Bulk  ley  i  of  Over-Burget,  Efa 

Richard  Cobb,  of  King's- Gate- Street,  Efq;    - 


IVincheftr  C. 


Edward  Hooper,  of  South-Stoneham, 
John  Hildefley,  of  Hinton, : 


Portfmoutb  T. 
Ifaot  Wight. 


Efq;  aCommiifion- 

er  of  the  Prerogative  Office,   300  /.  per  Ann. 

and  one  of  the  Committee  for  the  Army. 
Southampton  T.    k  Rt.  Hon.  John  Lifle,  one  of  the  Commiffion- 

ers  of  the  Great  Seal,   iooo/.  per  Ann. 
k  Thomas  Smith,  Efq;    Commiffioner  of  the 

Navy,  300 /.  per  Ann. 
Col.  William  Sydenham,   made  his  Election 

for  Dorfet/hire.     In  his  Place,  Roger  Hill, 

Efq;  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer, 

IOOO/.  per  Ann. 
k  Capt.Thomas  Bowerman,  Deputy-Governor 

of  the  Tfle  of  Wight,  with  the  Command  of 

the  Caftles  of  Sandotvn  and  Weymouth^  alfo 

a  Captain  of  Foot. 

Thomas  Huffey,  of  Huno;erford-Park,  Efq; 
k  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Charles  Wolfeley,  Bart,  as  one 

of  his  Highnefs's  Council,   iooo/.  per  Ann. 
Thomas  Crompton.   Efq; 
k  Thomas  Whitegrave,   Efqj   Captain  of    a 

County 


Andover  B. 
STAFFORD- 
SHIRE. 


Litcbfield  C. 
Sta/ord  T. 


Newcajlle  un- 
der Line. 
SUFFOLK. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.  15 

County  Troop,   ioo/.  per  Ann. 
Thomas  Minors,  Efq; 
k  Martin  Noel,  of  London,  Scrivener.     Has  a 

Share   in   the   Pott-  Office   with   Secretary 

Thurloe. 

John  Bowycr,  Efq\ 

Sir  Henry  Felton,  ofPlayford,  Bart. 
SirThomasBarnardifton,  of  Keddington,  Knt. 
Henry  North,  of  Wyckombrook,  Efq\ 
Edmund  Harvey  ,  of  Wyckombjkeyth,  Efq\ 
Edward  Le  Neve,  of  Bre  ttenham,  Efq\ 
John  SickUmore,  of  Ipfwich,  Efq\ 
William  B/oys,  of  Ipjwich,  Efq; 
William-Gibbet,  of  Stoke-  Nayiand,  Efq\ 
k  Robert  Brewfter,  of  Wrentham,  Efq; 
Daniel  Wall,  of  Stratford,  Efq; 


tpfivtch  T.  k  Nathaniel  Bacon, 


St.  Edmundf- 
bury  B.     •  . 


Dunwicb  B. 
Sudbury  B, 
SURREY. 


Maers  of 


. 
Re- 


Southward  B. 
GuildfordZ. 


Samuel  Moody,  Efq; 

John  Clarke,  Efq;  as  Colonel  of  Foot,  3657. 
per  Ann.  as  a  Commiflioner  of  the  Admi- 
ralty, 500  /.  He  married  Secretary  Tkurfae's 
Sifter. 

Francis  Brewfter,  of  Wrentham,  Efqj 

Col.  John  Fothergill. 

•k  Sir  Richard  Onflow,  Knt. 

Arthur  Onflow,  Efq; 

k  Francis  Drake,  Efq; 

Maj.  Lewis  Audley,  a  Place  in  the  Ordnance- 
Office,  300 /.  per  Ann.  Captain  of  a  County 
Troop,  and  a  Deputy-Major-General  for 
this  County  and  Kent. 

k  George  Duncomhe,  Efq; 

Capt.  John  Black  well,  Treafurer  of  the  Army, 
600  /.  per  Ann. 

Samuel  Highland,  Efq; 

k  Peter  De  la  Noy,  Efq; 

Maj.  Gen.  Kelfey,  made  his  Election  for  Do- 
ver. In  his  Place,  John  Hewfon,  Efq;  Co- 
lonel ttf  Foot,  and  Governor  of  Dublin. 


t 

16 

JRyegate  B. 


SUSSEX. 


fbe  Parliamentary  HISTOHV 

Sir  Thomas  Pryde,  an  Colonel  of  Foot,  365  /» 
per  Ann.  belide?  his  great  Profit  as  Brewer  to 
the  State.  His  Daughter  married  a  Nephew 
of  the  Protedtor,  who  knighted  him  Jan.  19, 


Clichefter  C. 
Lewes  B. 
JEaft-Grinftead'R 
Arundel  B. 

WARWICK- 
SHIRE. 


Coventry  C. 

Warwick  B. 

WESTMORE- 

LAND. 

WILTSHIRE. 


nt.     A  Relation  of  the 


Herbert  Morley^  ofG/yne,  Efq\ 
Sir  John  Pelham,   Bart. 
John  Fagg,  of  Whiflon^  Efq; 
JohnStapley,   Efq; 
Anthony  Shirley,  £fq; 
George  Courthorpe,  ofTyfeburJl^  Efqi 
Sir  Thomas  Riven*   Bart. 
Sir  Thomas  Parker,  Knt. 
Samuel  Gott,  Efq\ 
Henry  Peckham,  Efq-9 
Anthony  Scapley,  £fq; 
.kJohn  Goodwin,  Efq\ 
k  Sir  John  Trevor,  Kn 

Lord  Protestor. 

k  Richard  Lucy,  Efq;  a  Commiflioner  of  the 
Prerogative  Office,  300  /.  per  Ann.  and  one 
of  the  Committee  for  the  Army* 
Sir  Roger  Burgoyne,  Knt. 
Edward  Peyto,  E-q; 
Jofeph  Hawkfworth,  Efq;  Governor  of  War- 

wick Caftle,  and  Captain  ®f  Foot. 
t  Major  Robert  Beake,  a  Commiflioner  of  the 

Admiralty,   500  /.  per  Ann. 
Col.  William  Purefoy. 
k  Clement  Throckmorton^  Efq\ 
Chriftopher  Lifter,  Efq;  one  of  the  Tellers  e£ 

the  Exchequer,  500  /.  per  Ann* 
Thomas  Burton,  E(q; 
Sir  Anthony  Ajhiey  Cooper*  Bart. 
Sir  Walter  St.  John,  Bart. 
Sir  Alexander  Popham,  Knt. 
Thomas  Grove,  Efq; 
Alexander  Thiftlethwaite,  Efq; 
John  Bulkley,  Efo 
Richard  Grubharn  Howe,  Efq; 
William  Ludlow,    of  Clarendon-Park,  Efq; 
Captain  of  a  County  Troop,  ioo/.  per  Ann. 

Henry 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.  17 

Henry  Hungerfordy  of  Farleigh-CaJIIey  Efq\ 

k  Gabriel  Martin,  Efqj 
SalfiuryC.          Edward  Tooker,  Efq; 

James  Heeley,  Efq;  Lieutenant  of  a  County 

Troop. 
Marlborough  B.   Jeremy  Sankey,  Efq;  Colonel  of  Horfe  in  7r*- 

landy  474 /•    IOJ.  />*r  v/«». 
Devizes  B.  Edward  Scotten,  Efq;  Captain  of  Horfe,  273/. 

/>*r  y/»«. 

WORCESTER-     Maj.  Gen.  James  Berry,  Colonel  of  Horfe, 

SHIRE.  474  /.   \ss.perAnn.  and  Major- General  of 

the  Counties  of  JVorceJler,  Hereford^  and  Sa- 

lop,  and  alfo  of  North-Wales^  6661.  13  s.  ^d. 

k  Sir  Thomas  Roufe,  Bart. 

k  Edward  Pitt,  of  Kiere-Park,  Efq; 

Nicholas  Lechmere,  Efqj  Attorney  of  the 
Duchy  of  Lancafler. 

John  Nanfan,  Efq; 

Edmund  Giles,  Efq;  one  of  the  Mafters  in 
Chancery.  He  married  a  Relation  of  the 
Lord  Protector. 

William  Collins,  Efq; 

Sir  William  Strickland,  Bart. 

Col.  Hugh  Bethell, 

Richard  Darky ,  Efq; 

Henry  Darley^  Efq; 

Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Lambert,  as  one  of  his  High- 
nefs's  Council,  iooo/.  per  Ann.  a  Major- 
General  of  the  Army,  3657.  Colonel  of  a 
Regiment  of  Horfe,  474  /.  los.  of  a  Regi- 
ment of  Foot,  365 /.  and,  as  Major-General 
of  the  fiveNorthern  Counties,  666A  13*.  4</. 
alfo  one  of  the  Lords  of  the  Cinque  Ports. 

Francis  Thorp t  Efq;  Serjeant  at  Law. 

Ccl.  Henry  Ternpejl, 

Henry  Artkingtcn,  Efq; 

Capt.  Edward  Gill, 

'Jchn  Stanhope,  Efq; 
North-Riding.      George  Lord  Eurc. 

Maj.  Gen.  Robert  Lilburne,  Colonel  of  Horfe, 

474 /.   10  s.  per  Ann. 
VOL.  XXI.  B  Luke 


Worccfier  C. 


YORKSHIRE. 

Eajl-Riding. 


TVeJl-R'iding. 


i 

1 8  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Luke  Robinfon,  Efq; 
Francis  Lafcelles,  Efq; 

York  C.  Sir  Thomas  Widdrington,  Knt.  made  his  Elec- 

tion for  Northumberland,  In  his  Place  Johri 
Geldart,  Alderman :  He  was  Lord  Mayor 
of  York  in  1653,  and  prefented  an  Addrefe 
of  Congratulation  from  that  City  to  Crom- 
Ivelly  upon  his  Advancement  to  the  Protec- 
torate. See  Vol.  20,  p.  277. 
Sir  Thomas  Dickenfon,  Alderman.  Knighted 
by  the  Lord  Protedtor,  March  3,  1656. 

KingJJon  on  Hull.  William  Lifter,  Efq;  Recorder. 

Beverley  B.  Francis  Thorpe ,  Efq;  Serjeant  at  Law. 

Scarbrtugh  B.  Edward  Salmon,  of  Havering  in  Effex,  Efq;  as 
Colonel  of  Foot,  3657.  per  Ann.  and  Com- 
miflioner  of  the  Admiralty,  500  /. 

Richmond  B.         k  John  Bathurft,  M.  D. 

Leeds.  Adam  Baynes,  Efq;  as  Captain  of  Horfe,  273  /. 

per  Ann.  and  as  one  of  the  Committee  for 
Prefervation  of  Excife  and  Cuftoms,  300  /. 

Halifax.  Jeremy  Bentley,  Efq; 

C    I    N    d  U    E         PORTS. 

Dover.  Lieut.  Col.  Kelfey,  as  Commiflioner  of  the 

Admiralty,  500 /.  per  Ann.  as  Major-Ge- 
neral of  the  Counties  of  Kent  and  Surrey, 
6661.  131.  4</.  alfo  Governor  of  Dover 
Caftle. 

Sandwich.  James  Thurbarne,  Efq-y 

Rye.  William  Hay,  Efq; 

WALES. 
ANGLESEY.          k  Col.  George  Twifleton. 

k  Griffith  Bodville,  Efq;   A  Commiflioner  of 

the  Wine- Office  at  Weftminfter. 

BRECON.  Rt.  Hon.  Col.  Philip  Jones,  made  his  Election 

for  Glamorgan/hire.     In  his  Place,   Robert 
Nicholas,  Efq;  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Ex- 
chequer,  i  ooo  /.  per  Ann. 
Evan  Lewis,  Efq;  Captain  of  a  County  Troop. 
CARDIGAN.         Col.  James  Philips,  made  his  Election  for  Pern- 
brokejhire.    In  his  Place,  Col.  James  Lewis. 

Col. 


O/*    ENGLAND.  19 

k  Col.  John  Clarke,  one  of  the  Commiffioners 

of  the  Admiralty,   500  /.  per  Ann. 

CARMARTHEN.  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Cleypole  :  Made  his  Election 
for  Northamptonjlnre.  In  his  Place,  Robert 
Atkins,  Efq; 

Col.  Rowland  Dawkins,  as  Maj.  Gen.  of  Man- 
mouthjhire  and  South-Wales,  6667.  13*.  4^. 
per  Ann.  alfo  Governor  of  Carmarthen. 
CARNARVON,     k  Henry  Lawrence,  Efq;  Son  to  the  Lord  Pre- 

fident  of  his  Highnefs's  Council, 
k  Robert  Williams,  of  Conway,  Efq;  a  Rela- 
tion of  the  Lord  Protector. 

DENBIGH.  Col.  John  Jones,  made  his  Election  for  Meri- 

oneth.    In  his  Place  Col.  Simon  Theloall. 
k  Col.  John  Carter. 
FLINT.  k  Rt.  Hon.  John  Glynn,  Lord  Chief  Juflice  of 

the  Upper  Bench,   1000  /.  per  Ann. 
k  John  Trevor,  Elq;  a  Relation  of  the  Lord 

Protect  or. 

GLAMORGAN,  k  Col.  Philip  Jones,  as  one  of  his  Highnefs's 
Council,   1000  /.  per  Ann.  Steward  of  the 
Lord  Protector's  Lands  in  Wales,  and  Cuftos 
Rotulorum  of  two  Counties  there. 
Edmund  Thomas,  Efq; 
Caerdlff  T.          John  Price,  Efq;  Receiver-General  of  South- 

Wales. 

MERIONETH.      Col.  John  Jones,  Governor  of  the  Ifle  of  Angle- 
fey.    He  married  the  Lord  Protector's  Sifter. 
MONTGOMERY.  £  Hugh  Price,  Efq;  Captain  of  a  County  Troop, 

and  Governor  of  Red-Cajlle. 
k  Charles  Lloyd,  of  Garth,  Efq; 
PEMBROKE.        k  Col.  James  Philips,  one  of  the  Committee  of 

the  Army. 

Col.  John  Clarke,  made  his  Election  for  Car- 
digunjhire.  In  his  Place,  Sir  John  Tho- 
roughgood,  Knt.  one  of  the  Truftees  for  dif- 
pofing  of  Augmentations  for  the  better  Main- 
tenance of  Miniftersi  for  which  he  has  a 
confiderable  Salary. 

llt.i-erford-iyejl.k  John  Upton,  Efq;  one  of  the  Commiilioners 
of  the  Cuftoms, 

B  2  RAD- 


20  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

RADNOR.  George  Gwynn,  Efq; 

Henry  Williams,  Efq; 

SCOTLAND. 

SHIRES. 
Rofs,  Sutherland,  znACromarty^  Dr.  Thomas  Clarges,  ofWefl:- 

minfter. 
Invernefs,  Thomas  Fitch,  Efq;  Colonel  of  Foot,  3657.  per  Ann. 

and  Governor  of  Inverness. 
Bamjfi  k  Dr.  Alexander  Douglas. 

Aberdeen^  William  Mitchel,  Efq;  Colonel  of  Foot,  3657.  per  Ann. 
Forfar  and  Kinkardine,  k  Colonel  David  Barclay,   of  Urie. 
Fife  and  Kinrofs,  k  Sir  John  Wemyfs,  of  Bogie,  Knt.  Tenant  to 

the  State  for  the  Salt  Pans  near  Leitb,  a  very  benefi- 
cial Place. 
Perthy    Sir  Edward  Rhodes,   one  of  his  Highnefs's  Council  for 

Scotland. 

Linlithgow,  Stirling,  and  Clackmannan,  k  Godfrey  Rhodes,  Efq; 
Dumbarton,  Argyle,  and  Bute,  k  Capt.  John  Lockhart. 
Aire  and  Renfre^v,  k  William  Lord  Cochran,  of  Dundonald. 
Lanerk,   k  Col.  William  Lockhart,  of  Lee,  one  of  his  High- 
nefs's Council  in  Scotland. 
Mid-Lothian,  Samuel  Difbrowe,  Efq;   one  of  his    Highnefs's 

Council  in  Scotland,    Son  to  the  Major- General. 
Merce,  John  Swinton,  of  Swinton,  Efq;  one  of  the  Judges  of 

Scotland,  600  /.  per  Ann. 
Roxborough,  William  Ker,  of  Newton,  Efq; 
Selkirk  and  Peebles,  Henry  WThalley,  Efq;  Judge-Advocate  of 

the  Army  \nScotland,  273!.   i$s.  per  Ann.  Brother 

to  the  Commiflary-General. 
Dumfries,  George  Smith,  Efq;  one  of  the  Judges  in  Scotland,,, 

600  /.  per  Ann. 
Wigton,  Sir  James  MacDowel,  of  Garthland,  Knt.  one  of  the 

Commiffioners  of  the  Cuftoms  at  Leitb,  about  300  /. 

per  Ann. 

Eaft-Lothian,   k  John  Earl  of  Tweedale. 
Orkney,  Zetland,  and  Caithnefs,   Col.  Robert  Stewart. 
Elgin  and  Nairn,  k  Richard  Beake,  Efq;    He  married  the  Lord 

Protector's  Niece,  and  a  Captain  in  his  Highnefs's 

Life- Guard,  51 1 /.  per  Ann. 

CITIES 


Of    ENGLAND.  21 

CITIES    and    BOROUGHS. 

Edinburgh  k  Roger  Boyle,  Lord  Broghill,  Prefident  of  his  High- 
nefs's  Council  in  Scotland,  made  his  Election  for  the 
County  of  Cork  in  Ireland,  k  Andrew  Ramfay,  Efq; 
Lord  Provoft  of  Edinburgh. 

Dornoch,  Tayne,  Invernefs,  Dingwall,  Nairn%  Elgin,  and  Forres9 
k  Robert  WooJfely,  Efq;  Commiflary  of  Airjbire. 

Banff  and  Aberdeen,  ^Stephen  VVinthorpe,  of  Aberdeen,  Efq; 
Colonel  of  Horfe,  474 /.  JO*,  per  Ann. 

Forfar,  Dundee,  Aberbrothock,  Msntrofe,  and  Brechin  Sir  Alex- 
ander Wedderburn,  of  Blacknefs,  Knt. 

Linlithgow,  Queen's -Ferry,  Perth,  Culrofs,  and  Stirling,  k  Col. 
Henry  Markham,  one  of  the  Commiffioners  for  let- 
ting the  forfeited  Eftates  in  Ireland,  300  /.  per  Ann. 

St.  Andrews,  Dyfart,  Kirkaldy,  Coupar,  AnJJruther-EaJler9 
P'tttniueen,  Crail,  Dumfermling,  Kinghorn,  Anjtru- 
ther-iyejler,  Innerkeithing,  Kilrenny,  and  Burnt-  Jfland9 
Col.  Nathaniel  Whetham,  one  of  the  Council  in  Scot- 
land, about  500  /.  per  Ann. 

Lanerk,  Glafgow,  Rutherglen,  Rothfay,  Renfrew,  Aire,  Irvin, 
and  Dumbarton,  George  Talbot,  Efq;  Col.  of  Foot, 
365  /.  per  Ann. 

Dumfries,  Sanquhar,  Lochmaben,  Annan,  IVigton,  Kirkcud- 
bright, lyhitehorn,  and  Galloway,  Col.  Salmon,  made 
his  Election  for  Scarborough.  In  his  Place,  Col. 
Thomas  Talbot. 

Peebles,  Selkirk,  "Jedburgb,  Louder,  North-Berwick,  Dunbar^ 
and  Haddington,  George  Downing,  Efq;  Scout- Mafter 
General,  made  his  Eledion  for  Carlifie.  In  his  Place, 
John  Vincent,  of  Warnford,  in  Northumberland,  Efq; 

IRELAND. 

COUNTIES. 

Meath  and  Lowth,  k  John  Fowke,  Efq;  Colonel  of  Foot,  365  A, 
per  Ann.  and  Governor  of  Dragheda.  k  Major  Wil- 
liam Afton. 

Kildare  and  ff'icklow,  Sir  Hardrefs  Waller,  Knt.  as  a  Major- 
General  in  the  Army,  365  /.  per  Ann.  and  Colonel 
of  Foot ;  made  his  Election  for  Kerry,  Limerick,  and 
Clare. 

83  k  Anthony 


22  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

£  Anthony  Morgan,  Efq;    Major  of  Horfe,    3587. 
13  s.  tfd. 

Dublin,  k  John  Byfle,  Efq;  Recorder  of  Dublin. 

Catherlsugb,  Wexford,  Kilkenny,  and  Queen's  County,  Thomas 
Sadler,    Efq;   Colonel  of  Foot,  365  /.  per  Ann. 
Daniel  Redman,   Efq;    Major   of  Horfe  in  Ireland, 
358 1   13*.   4</. 

Weft-Meatb,   Longford,    and  King's  County,    k  Sir  Theophilus 
Jones,  Knt.  Major  of  Horfe,  358  /.   13  s.  ^d. 
k  Henry  Owen,  Efq;  Major  of  Horfe,  358  7.13. f.  4</. 

Dawn,  Antrim,  and  Armagh,  Thomas  Cooper,  Efq;  Colonel  of 
a  Regiment  of  Foot  in  Scotland,  and  another  in  Ireland '; 
alfo  Governor  of  Carickfergus. 
Lieutenant- Colonel  James  Trayle. 

Derry,  Donegal,  and  Tyrone,  k  Lieutenant- Colonel  Triftram  Ee- 
resford,  ofColerane. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  Newburgh,  ofLiffbrd. 

Cavan,  Fermannagb,  and  Monoghan,  Richard  Blaney,  Efq; 

Kerry,  Limerick,  and  Clare,  Sir  Hardrefs  Waller,   Knt. 

Henry  Ingoldfby,  Efq;  Colonel  of  Foot,    the  Protec- 
tor's Kinfman. 

Cork,  k  Roger  Boyle,  Lord  Broghill,  as  Prefident  of  the  Coun- 
cil in  Scotland,  1000  /.  per  Ann.  befides  otherAdvanta- 
ges  ;  and,  as  Colonel  of  Horfe  in  Ireland,  474.  /.  10  s. 

Tipperary  and  Waterford,  k  Sir  John  Reynolds,  as  Commiflary- 
General  of  Horfe  in  Ireland,  273  /.  per  Ann.  and  as 
Colonel  of  Horfe  there,  474  /.  10  s.     Knighted  by  thq 
Lord  Protector  June  n,   1655. 
Daniel  Abbot,   Efj;  Colonel  of  Dragoons  in  Ireland. 

Sligo,  Rofcommon,  and  Le  Tjrirn,  Sir  Robert  King,  Knt.  Commif- 
fary  of  the  Mufters. 
k  John  Bridges,  Efq;  Captain  of  Foot,  146  /.  per  Ann. 

Gal-way  and  Mayo,  Sir  Charles  Coot,  Knt.   and   Bart.  Prefi- 
dent of  Connaught. 
k  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  Bret. 

CITIES     and     TOWNS. 

Dublin,  k  Richard  Tigh,  Efq;   Mayor  of  the  faid  City. 
Limerick  and  Killmallock,  k  Walter  Waller,  Efq;  Son  of  Sir  Har- 
drefs Waller. 
Waterford  and  Clonmel,  k  Capt.  William  Halfey. 

Ca- 


'Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       23 

CarickfergM*  and  Belfajl,  John  Davies,    Efq;  Inter-regnum. 

Cork  and  Toughal,  k  Maj.  Gen.  William  Jephfon.  l656- 

Bandon  and  Kingfalt,  k  Vincent  Gookyn,  Efq;  one  ''~ 
of  the  Commifiioners  for  letting  the  for- 
feited Eftates  in  Ireland,  300  /.  per  Ann. 

Derry  and  Colerane,  Ralph  King,  of  Londonderry, 
Efq;  one  of  the  Commiflioners  for  letting 
the  forfeited  Eftates  in  Ireland,  300  /.  per 
Ann. 

The  foregoing  Lift  confirms  Mr.  Ludlow's  Ob~ 
fervation,  *  That  tho'  about  one  hundred  Englijh 
Members,  elected  by  their  Country,  were  kept  out 
of  the  Houfe ;  yet  thofe  for  Scotland  and  Ireland, 
being  chofen  by  the  Sword,  were  admitted  without 
Scruple.'  f 

Having  thus  endeavoured  to  exhibit  the  beft  Idea 
we  could  of  the  Characters  of  the  Members  which 
conftituted  this  Partial  and  Unconstitutional  AfTem- 
bly,  we  (hall  now  give  an  Account  of  their  Pro- 
ceedings. 

On  the  iyth  of  September,  being  the  Day  ap-The  Meeting  of 
pointed  for  the  Meeting  of  the  Parliament,  the-£rTw//'s  lhird 
Journals  inform  us,  That  the  Lord  Protedor,  at-   a' 
tended  by  his  Council,  with  the  Officers  of  State 
and  of  the  Army,  the  Gentlemen  of  his  Houmold, 
and  his  Guards,  came  to  the  Abbey  Church,  about 
Ten  in  the  Morning ;  where  the  Members  being 
met,  a  Sermon  was  preached  before  them  by  Dr. 
John  Owen,  Vice-Chancellor  of  the  Univermy  of 
Oxford,  on  this  Text,  What  Jhall  one  then  anfwer 
the  MeJJengers  of  the  Nation?  That  the  Lord  hath 
founded  Zion,  and  the  Poor  of  his  People  Jball  trvfl 
in  it.     Ifaiah  xiv,  v.  32. 

After  Sermon,  the  Lord  Protector  and  the  Par- 
liament alTembled  in  the  Painted-Chamber,  whete 
his  Highnefs  was  pleafed  to  communicate  to  them 
the  Occafion  of  their  Meeting. 

Upon 

f  Abmolrs,  Vol.  II.  p.  579. 

See  alfo  Lord  Brogbill  and  Henry  Cr«wwf//'s  Letters  to  Secretary 
Iburloi,  relating  to  the  Eleftiom  in  Scttlar.J  and  Ireland. 

Tburlie,  Vol.  V.  p.  195,  303,  311,  3*7. 


24       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum,       Upon  the  ftricteft  Refearch,  we  have  not  been 
l_  —  — ,lwj  a^e  to  nieet  with  Cromwell's  Speech  at  the  Open- 
September     *n§  °^  tn's  P^iament;  nor  is  there  the  leaft  Sketch 
of  it  in  the  Journals  of  the  Houfe,  the  Diaries,  or 
the  Contemporary  Writers.     From  hence  we  are  in- 
clined to  think  that,  for  Reafons  of  State,  it  was 
never  printed. 

However,  a  Letter  to  Cardinal  Mazarin,  from 
the  French  Ambaffador  at  London,  informs  us  g, 
*  That  the  Lord  Protector  very  much  enlarged  him- 
felf  againft  Spain;  exaggerating  all  the  Enterprizes, 
which  the  Spaniards  had  formerly  attempted  againft 
England,  and  the  Motives  which  obliged  him  to 
break  with  that  Nation  :  That  he  alfo  feemed  to  be 
perfuaded  that  his  Catholic  Majefty  and  the  Duke 
of  Newburgb  had  engaged  to  furnifli  the  King 
[Charles  II.]  with  9000  Men,  to  be  tranfported  in- 
to England :  But  that,  in  regard  there  were  very 
few  Advices  conformable  to  this,  many  believed  it 
an  Invention  of  Cromwell's,  calculated  to  raife  an 
Alarm,  and  to  keep  the  Army  united  to  his  Inte- 

refts  at  this  prefent  Conjuncture.'— Thefe  few 

Hints  being  all  we  have  been  able  to  collect  of  the 

Lord  Protector's  Speech  at  opening  the  Seflion,  we 

proceed  to  obferve,  that  his  Highnefs  having  fintih'd 

his  Harangue  in  the  Painted- Chamber,  the  Members 

repaired  to  their  Houfe ;  where,  to  the  Surprize  of 

all  thofe  that  were  not  in  the  Secret,  fpme  Perfons, 

by  the  Lord  Protector's  Appointment,  attended  at 

Several  Members  tjie  J)oor>  to  receive  of  each  Member  the  following 

Set  inio  the  Certificate,  before  he  was  permitted  to  enter: 

Sept.  17,  1656. 
County  of 

Thefe  are  to  certify,  That  A.  B.  is  returned,  by 
Indenture,  one  of  the  Knights  to  ferve  in  this  prefent 
Parliament  for  the  faid  County,  and  is  approved  by 
his  Highnefs's  Council. 

NATH.  TAYLOR, 
Clerk  of  the  Commonwealth  in  Chancery. 

Lord 

g  M.  de  Bourdeattx's  Letter  to  Cardinal  Maxarin,  dated  Sept.  28, 
1656,  N,  S.  f burke" s  State  Pafert,  Vol.  V.  p.  427.  " 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        25 

Lord  Clarendon  writes,  '  That  Cromwell  impofed 
a  Subfcription  upon  the  Members  before  they  fat, 
purporting,  *  That  they  would  a«5t  Nothing  preju-  *~7 

'  dicul  to  the  Government,  as  it  was  eftabliftied  CFta 
4  under  a  Protector  \  and  that  the  major  Part  frankly 
fubmitted  and  fubfcribed  h.  This  appears  to  be  a 
Miftake,  for  no  fuch  Teft  was  offered ;  but  they  were 
obliged  to  produce  a  Certificate  as  above  recited : 
Indeed  the  Members  of  the  Parliament  elected  in 
Stptember^  1654,  were  required  to  fubfcribe  only 
fuch  a  Declaration  as  his  Lordlhip  mentions ;  but, 
in  this  Parliament,  the  Matter  was  carried  much 
higher. 

Such  of  the  Members  as  produced  their  PafTport 
from  the  Council,  having  taken  their  Seats  in  the 
Houfe,  the  Lord  Gommiflioner  Lijle  put  them  in 
Mind,  That  their  firft  Work  was  to  chufe  a  Speaker \ 
and  propofed  Sir  Thomas  lyiddrtngton,  Serjeant  at 
Law,  as  a  Perfon  of  great  Integrity  and  Experience 
in  relation  to  Parliamentary  Bufinefs,  and  every 
Way  qualified  for  that  Service:  Which  being  ap- 
proved of,  he  took  the  Chair  accordingly;  but  with- 
out being  prefented  to  the  Lord  Protector  for  his 
Approbation:  A  Circumftance  of  Royalty,  which 
Cromwell  never  thought  fit  to  affume. 

The  next  Day  the  Houfe  appointed  a  Faft  to  be 
held  on  the  24th  of  this  Month,  by  the  Members 
thereof,  in  Margaret'^,  Church,  Wejlminfter\  and  an 
extraordinary  Number  of  Preachers  were  affigned  for 
this  Solemnity.  The  2gth  Day  of  Ottober  enfuing 
was  alfo  appointed  for  a  General  Faft,  throughout 
the  three  Nations,  by  a  Declaration  ordered  to  be 
drawn  up  and  fet  forth  for  that  Purpofe. 

The  Houfe  alfo  appointed  Committees  on  feveral 
Occafions  ;  for  Privileges  and  Elections  ;  for  Reli- 
gion ;  Courts  of  Juftice,  and  for  Trade.  Sir  Cherries 
jydfeley  prefented  a  Bill,  For  renouncing  and  difan- 
nulling  the  pretended  Title  of  Charles  Stuart  to  tie 
Crown  of  England,  &c.  which  was  read  twice,  and 
committed. 

The 

h  ttijtory,   Vol.  VI.   f.  587. 


26       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter-regnum.  The  fame  Day  an  Affair  of  great  Confequence 
l6sf-  happened,  which  fo  engaged  the  Attention  of  the 

*""*"I"'^T  Houfe,  as  to  prevent  all  other  Proceedings  for  fome 
Time.  Sir  George  Booth  prefented  a  Letter,  di- 
rected to  the  Speaker,  which  he  was  ordered  to  read 
privately  firft  ;  and,  afterwards,  it  was  read  openly, 
in  thefe  Words  : 

S  I  R, 

They  prefer  a   TftTE  whofe  Names  are  fubfcribed,  with  others,  be- 
°         "  ™S  c"°fen->   and  accordingly  returned,  to  fervc 


r«  o    M 
Speaker°  Sir      with  you  in  this  Parliament  ;  and,  in  Difcharge  of 

Thomas  Wid-  our  Tru/l,  offering  to  go  into  the  Houfe,  were,  at 
the  Lobby  Door,  kept  ,  back  by  Soldiers  :  Which,  left 
we  Jhould  be  wanting  in  our  Duty  to  you  and  to  our 
Gauntry,  we  have  thought  it  e>fpedient  to  reprefent 
unto  you,  to  be  communicated  to  the  Houje,  that  we 
may  be  admitted  thereinto.  * 

On  the  Reading  of  this  it  was  ordered,  That  the 
Clerk  of  the  Commonwealth  in  Chancery  be  com- 
manded to  attend  the  Houfe  the  next  Morning,  with 
all  the  Indentures  of  Returns  of  Knights,  Citizens, 
and  BurgefTes,  chofen  to  ferve  in  this  Parliament, 
when  they  would  take  this  Bufmefs  into  farther  Con- 
fideration. 

Accordingly,  September  19,  the  Deputy-Clerk  of 
the  Commonwealth  attending  at  the  Door,  he  was 
called  in;  and,  by  Order  of  the  Houfe,  the  Speaker 
demanded  of  him,  Where  'the  Clerk  of  the  Common- 
wealth was  ?  To  which  he  anfwered,  That  he  was 
at  his  Houfe  out  of  Town  when  the  Warrant  came  ; 
that  he  expected  him  that  Morning,  and  fo  did  not 
fend  for  him  ;  but  that  he  did  not  come.  Being 
afk'd,  Whether  he  had  all  the  Indentures  with  him 
for  England  and  Wales  ?  He  anfwer'd,  Yes  ;  and, 
by  Command  of  the  Speaker,  produced  that  for 
the  Election  in  Norfolk,  and  read  it  ;  in  which  was 
returned  Sir  Ralph  Hare.  Being  afk'd,  Why  that 

GCH- 

i  The  Names  of  the  Members  who  figned  this  Letter,  are  not 
entered  in  the  Journals  :  We  fuppofe  they  were  the  fame  Perfons 
who  fubfcribed  the  following  Remonftrance. 


1656. 
-V— 

September. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        27 

Gentleman  was  not  returned  to  Parliament?  He  faid,  Inter-regnum. 
Secaufe  he  had  no  Certificate  of  Approbation  for  him  j 
and  gave  the  like  Anfwer  as  to  all  the  reft  of  the 
Members,  who  had  been  refufed  Admittance  into  the 
Houfe.  The  Deputy-Clerk  being  withdrawn,  the 
Speaker  informed  the  Houfe,  That  he  had  called 
over  all  the  PLces  for  whom  any  Perfon  was  chofen, 
whofe  Name  was  fubfcribed  to  the  foregoing  Letter, 
and  found  them  all  to  have  been  returned  in  the  re- 
IpecYive  Indentures. 

Soon  after  the  Clerk  of  the  Commonwealth,  him- 
felf,  attended  the  Houfe,  when  the  Speaker  ac- 
quainted him,  '  That,  upon  Perufal  of  the  Inden- 
tures, it  appeared  that  divers  Perfons  elected  were 
not  returned  to  the  Houfe :  And  demanding,  By 
•what  Order  it  was  not  done  ?  He  anfvvered,  That  he 
received  an  Order  from  his  Highnefs's  Council.,  to 
deliver  Tickets  to  all  fuch  Perfons ',  and  fuch  only,  as3  . 
being  returned  to  ferve  in  Parliament,  Jhould  be  cer- 
tified unto  him,  from  the  Council,  as  Perfons  by  them 
approved :  And  that  he  did  receive  fever al  Orders  of 
Approbation  for  feveral  Perfons,  and  made  out  the 
Tickets  accordingly.  Being  afk'd,  If  he  had  the  Or- 
der itfelf?  After  fome  Evafion  he  produced  it,  fub- 
fcribed by  Mr.  Je/op,  Clerk  of  the  Council;  which 
was  read.  And  then  the  Houfe  adjourned  till  the 
next  Morning;  when,  the  Debate  being  refumed, 
it  was  refolved,  That  the  Council  be  defircd  to  give, 
on  the  Monday  next,  their  Reafons  why  thofe  Mem- 
bers, returned  from  the  feveral  Counties  and  Bo- 
roughs, were  not  approved,  and  why  they  were  not 
admitted  to  come  into  the  Houfe.  In  Anfwer  to 
which  Requelr,  on  the  22d,  the  Lord  Commiflioner 
Fiennes  reported,  by  Word  of  Mouth,  from  the 
Council,  That  he  was  commanded  by  them  to  re- 
turn this  humble  Reply  :  That  whereas,  by  the  lift 
Article  a/"  The  Government  of  the  Commonwealth  k, 
the  Clerk  of  the  Chancery  was  required  to  certify  the 
Names  of  the  Perfons  returned  to  him,  and  the  Places 
for  which  they  were  chofen,  unto  the  Council,  why 
were  authorized  to  perufe  the  faid  Returns,  and  exa- 
mine 
k  The  whole  of  this  Inftrument  is  in  our  aoth  Volume,  p.  248. 


28       The  Parliamentary  HISTORV 

-Inter- regnum.  mine  whether  the  Perfons  fo  elefled  and  returned  were 
1656.  agreeable  to  the  Qualifications  therein  prefcribed,  and 

V*  "**  — '  not  difabled  thereby ;  and  that  no  Perfons  Jhould  be 
September.  Emitted  f0  Jit  in  Parliament ,  but  what  were  fo  ap- 
proved of  by  the  major  Part  of  the  Council:  And  that 
yvbereas,  by  the  ijtb  Article,  it  was  declare  d.  That 
the  Perfons  to  be  elecJed  to  Jerve  in  Parliament  Jhould 
le  fuck,  and  no  other  than  fucht  as  were  Perfons  of 
known  Integrity^  fearing  God,  and  of  good  Converfa- 
jion9  and  being  of  the  Age  of  twenty-one  Years  • 

That  the  Council,  in  purfuance  of  their  Duty,  and 
according  to  the  Truft  repofed  in  them,  had  exa- 
mined the  faid  Returns  ;  and  had  not  refufed  to  ap- 
prove any  who  appeared  to  them  to  be  within  the 
Defcription  of  the  faid  Article :  And  as  to  thofe  who 
were  not  approved,  his  Highnefs  the  Lord  Protector 
had  given  Orders  to  fome  Perfons  to  take  Care  that 
they  fhould  not  come  into  the  Houfe*'  A  Motion 

bdn§  then  made  to  adJourn  ti!1  the  next  Morning, 
it  was  carried  in  the  Negative  by  j  15  Voices  againft 
80.  And  then  it  was  refolved,  by  a  Majority  of 
125  againft  29  only,  That  the  Perfons  returned  from 
the  feveral  Counties,  Cities,  and  Boroughs,  to  ferve 
in  this  Parliament,  who  have  not  been  approved,  be 
referred  to  make  their  Application  to  the  Council 
for  Approbation ;  and  that  the  Houfe  do  proceed 
with  the  great  Affairs  of  the  Nation. 

This  laft  Queftion  being  carried  by  fo  great  a 
Majority,  fufficiently  (hews  what  Influence  the  Pro- 
tector had  in  this  Aflembly :  However,  the  fecluded 
Members  did  not  reft  fatisfied  with,  nor  fubmitted 
tamely  to,  this  arbitrary  Vote ;  for  they  publifhed 
a  noble  and  fpirited  Remonftrance  againft  this  out- 
rageous Act  of  Injuftice,  which  will  be  beft  under- 
ftood  by  its  own  Words : 

Whereupon  thcy<  "T  T  THEN  our  worthy  Anceftors  have  met  in 
ftUraI!«aaSnft°n"C  VV  Parliament,  and  have  found  Oppreflion 
this  injurious  *  and  Tyranny  fupported  by  fuch  ftrong  Hands  that 
Treatment.  y  they  could  not  prevail  to  fecure  their  Country, 
'  Lives,  and  Liberties  by  wholefome  Laws,  they 

*  have 


Of    ENGLAND.        29 

*  have  often  made  their  Proteftations  againft  fuch  Inter-regmitu. 

*  Injuftice  and  Oppreflion,  and  forwarn'd  the  People         l656- 

*  of  their  Danger.    To  omit  other  Inftances,  fo  did  ^  ~*~,   7* 
c  the  Commons  in  Parliament,  in  the  third  and 

*  fourth  Year  of  the  late  King  ;  for  when  he  chal- 

*  lenged  a  Power  to  take  Tonnage  and  Poundage 
'  without  the  People's  Confent  in  Parliament,  they 

*  made   their  Proteftation,   That  whofoever  foould 
'  counfel  or  advife  the  levying  of  Tonnage  and  Pound- 

*  age  for  the  King,  not  being  granted  to  him  by  the  Par- 

*  liament,  or  Jhould  aft,  or  be  an  Inftrument  therein^ 

*  Jhould  be  refuted  a  capital  Enemy  to  the  Kingdom 
'  and  Commonwealth :  And  alfo  that  whatsoever  Mer- 

*  chant,  or  other  Perfon,  Jhould  voluntarily  yield  cr 
'  pay  Tonnage  or  Poundage^  not  being  granted  by  Par- 

*  Parliament,  Jhould  be  reputed  a  Betrayer  of  the  Li- 

*  berties  of  England,  and  an  Enemy  to  the  fame. 

*  In  like  Manner  we,  who  have  been  duely  cho- 

*  fen  by  the  People  to  be  Members  of  the  Parlia- 
'  ment  that  (hould   now  have  met,   have  an  un- 
'  doubted  Right  to  meet,  fit,  and  vote  in  Parlia- 
'  ment,  although  we  are  opprefled   by  Force  of 
'  Arms,  and  {hut  out  of  the  ufual  Place  of  Parlia- 
'  ments  fitting ;  yet,  having  Hearts  fenfible  of  that 

*  higheft  Truft  repofed  in  us,  and  being  filled  with 

*  Cares  for  the  Church  and  Commonwealth,  which 
'  with  Grief  of  Heart  we  behold  bleeding,  we  do 
'  hold  ourfelves   bound  in  Duty  to  God  and  our 

*  Country,  to  declare  unto  the  People  of  England 
'  their  and  our  woful  Condition,  and  the  moft  evi- 

*  dent  Danger  of  the  utter  Subverfion  of  Religion, 
'  Liberty,  Right,  and  Property. 

4  We  believe  the  Rumour  is  now  gone  through 

*  the  Nation,  that  armed  Men,  employed  by  the 

*  Lord  Prote&or,  have  prevented  the  free  meeting 
'  and  fitting  of  the  intended  Parliament ;  and  have 
'  forcibly  fhut  out  of  Doors  fuch  Members  as  he 
'  and  his  Council  fuppofed  would  not  be  frighted, 
"  or  flattered  to  betray  their  Country,  and  give  up 
'  their  Religion,  Lives,  and  Eftates,  to  be  at  his 
c  Will  to  ferve  his  lawlefs  Ambition.     But  we  fear 
'  that  the  Slavery,  Rapines,  Opprcflbns,  Cruelties, 

«  Mur- 


30       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 
Jnter-regnum.  «  Murders,  and  Confuflons  that  are  comprehended 
i    ,i55—     .  f  in  this  one  horrid  Fadl,  are  not  fo  fenfibly  difcern- 
September.    '  ec^»  or  *°  muc^  1^  to  Heart  as  the  Cafe  requires  : 

*  And  we  doubt  not  but  (as  the  common  Practice  of 

*  the  Man  hath  been)  the  Name  of  God  and  Reli- 
4  gion,  and  formal  Fafts  and  Prayers,  will  be  made 
4  ufe  of  to  colour  over  the  Blacknefs  of  the  Fa& : 

4  We  do  therefore,  in  Faithfulnefs  unto  God  and 

*  our  Country,  hereby  remonftrate, 

'  Flrfti  That  whereas,  by  the  Fundamental  Laws 
'  of  this  Nation,  the  People  ought  not  to  be  bound 
4  by  any  Laws  but  fuch  as  are  freely  confented  unto 

*  by  their  chofcn  Deputies  in  Parliament ;  and  it  is 

*  a  moft  wicked  Ufurpation,  even  againft  the  very 

*  Laws  of  Nature,  for  any  Man  to  impofe  his  Will 

*  or  Difcretion  upon  another  as  a  Rule,  unlefs  there 
'  be  fome  Pad!:,  or  Agreement,  between  the  Parties 
4  for   that  Intent :    And  whereas,  by   the  Mercy 
'  of  God   alone,   in  preferving  this  Fundamental 

*  Law  and  Liberty,  the  good  People  of  England 
4  have,  beyond  Memory  of  any  Record,  preferved 

*  their  Eftates,   Families,  and   Lives,  which  had 
4  otherwife  been  defttoyed,  at  the  Will  of  every 

*  wicked  Tyrant ;  and,  by  keeping  this  as  their  un- 
'  doubted  Right,  they  have  been  kept  from  being 
'  brutifh  Slaves  to  the  Lufts  of  their  Kings,  who 

*  would  otherwife  have  defpoiled  them  of  their  Per- 
4  fons,  Lives,  and  Eftates,  by  their  Proclamations, 

*  and  the  Orders  of  themfelves  and  their  Courtiers, 
4  as  they  pleafed  ;  and,  by  virtue  of  this  their  un- 

*  doubted  Right,  the  People  have  commonly  dif- 
4  puted,  refifted,  and  made  void  the  Proclamations 

*  of  their  Kings  and  the  Orders  of  their  Council 

*  Table,  where  they  have  crofted  the  Laws  unto 

*  which  they  have  confented  in  their  Parliaments : 

4  Now  the  Lord  Protector  hath,  by  Force  of 
4  Arms,  invaded  this  Fundamental  Right  and  Li- 

*  berty,  and  violently  prevented  the  meeting  of  the 
'  People's  chofen  Deputies  in  Parliament.    And  he 
4  and  his  Council  boldly  declare,  That  none  of  the 
4  People's  Deputies  fiall  meet  in  Parliament,  unlefs 
4  they  agree  to  the  Meafure  of  their  Fantacies,  Hu- 

*  mours, 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        31 

e  mours,  or  Lujls :  They  now  render  the  People  inter-regnu«. 
fc  fuch  Fools,  or  Beads,  as  not  to  know  who  are  .J^^^f 
'  fit  to  be  trufted  by  them  with  their  Lives,  -Eftates,     September. 
6  and  Families.    But  he  and  his  Council,  that  daily 

*  devour  their  Eftates  and  Liberties,  will  judge  who 
'  are  fit  to  counfel  and  advife  about  Laws  to  pre- 
4  ferve  their  Eftates  and  Liberties  :  Thus  doth  he 

*  now  openly  aflume  a  Power  to  pack  an  Aflembly 

*  of  his  Confidents,  Parafites,  and  Confederates ; 
'  and  to  call  them  a  Parliament,  that  he  may  thence 
'  pretend  that  the  People  have  confented  to  become 

*  his  Slaves,  and  to  have  their  Perfons  and  Eftates 
c  at  his  Difcretion.    And  if  the  People  fhall  tamely 
c  fubmit  to  fuch  a  Power,  who  can  doubt  but  he  may 
'  pack  fuch  a  Number  as  will  obey  all  his  Com- 

*  mands,  and  confent  to  his  taking  of  what  Part  of 
'  our  Eftates  he  pleafeth,  and  to  ifnpofe  what  Yokes 
1  he  thinks  fit  to  make  us  draw  in. 

«  Secondly,  And  whereas  the  Parliament  of  Eng- 

*  landj  confifting  of  the  People's  chofen  Deputies* 
'  always  have  been,  and  ought  to  be,  the  Ordainers 
<  and  Creators  of  Dignities,  Offices,  and  Authori- 
'  ties  in  this  Nation ;  and  have  always,  of  Right, 

*  exercifed  the  Power  of  difpofing  even  the  Kingly 

*  Office,  and  an  Authority  to  enlarge  and  reftrain  the 

*  Kingly  Power  ;  to  queftion,  make  void,  or  con- 

*  firm,  all  Commiffions,  Proclamations,  Charters, 

*  and  Patents  of  any  of  our  former  Kings ;  and  have 

*  queftioned,  cenfured,  and  judged  even  the  Per- 
'  fons  of  our  Kings  for  abufmg  their  Trufts,  and  in- 
'  vading  the  People's  Laws,  Rights,  and  Liberties; 

*  and  by  this  Means  the  higheft  Officers,  and  the 

*  Kings  themfclves,  have  acknowledg'd  their  Power 

*  to  be  only  trufted  to  them  for  the  People's  Wel- 
'  fare ;  and  they  have  always  dreaded  the  People's 

*  Parliaments,  who  could  call  them  to  an  Account 
'  for  any  Injuftice  or  Violence  done  upon  the  Per- 

*  fon  or  Eftate  of  any  Man  ;  and  hereby  the  People 

*  were  fecured,  under  the  Laws,  from  the  Rapine  and 
4  Oppreflion  of  the  higheft  Grandees  and  Courtiers  j 

*  even  the  Kings  themfelves,  fearing  the  People's 

*  Complaints  in  their  Parliaments,  and  well  know- 

'ing 


$2       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

jnter-regnum.  '  ing  the  People's  Cuftom  to  chufe  for  their  Depu- 
1656.        «  ties  the  molt  known  Champions  for  their  Liber- 
~        *  *'es»  agamft  tne  arbitrary  Powers  and  Injuftice  of 
^  f£jngs  amj   t^ejr  (Jourtjers  .    anc]  none   of  the 

'  moft  wicked  Kings,  in  their  higheft  Hope  to  erecl: 
'  a  Tyranny,  ever  dared,  fmce  Members  were  fent 
'  to  Parliaments  by  Elections,  to  throw  afide,  by 

*  Force,  as  many  of  the  chofen  Members  as  they 

*  thought  would  not  ferve  their  Ends ;  they  know- 
'  ing  it  to  be  the  undoubted  Right  of  the  People  to 
'  truft  whom  they  think  fit,  and  as  much  the  Right 
'  of  every  Man,  duly  chofen  and  trufted,  to  meet 
'  and  vote  in  Parliament  without  afking  their  Leave 
'  or  begging  their  Tickets. 

'  And  although  there  hath  been,  frequently,  fe- 
'  cret  Deflgns,  for  many  Years,  to  fubvert  Religion, 

*  Liberty,  and  Property  in  this  Nation;  and  to  that 

*  End  the  Defigns  of  Tyranny  nave  attempted  to 
4  deftroy  fometimes  the  Being,  and  fometimes  the 

*  Power,  Privileges,  and  Freedom  of  Parliaments  ; 

*  yet  the  Mercy  of  God  hath  almoft  miraculoufly 

*  preferved  the  Being,  Privileges,  and  Authority  of 

*  Parliaments  ;  and  therein  Religion,  Liberty,  and 

*  Property,  untill  the  Time  of  the  Lord  Protector : 

*  But  now  he  hath  aflumed  an  abfolute  arbitrary  So- 

*  vereignty  (as  if  he  came  down  from  the  Throne 
'  of  God)  to  create  in  himfelf  and  his  Confederates, 
'  fuch  Powers  and  Authorities  as  muft  not  be  under 

*  the  Cognizance  of  the  People's  Parliaments.    His 
6  Proclamations  he  declares  fliail  be  binding  Laws 
'  to  Parliaments  themfelves  ;  he  takes  upon  him  to 

*  be  above  the  whole  Body  of  the  People  of  Eng- 
'  /and,  and  to  judge  and  cenfure  the  whole  Body  and 
'  every  Member  of  it,  by  no  other  Rule  or  Law 

*  than   his  Pleafure,   as  if  he  were  their  abfolute 

*  Lord,  and  had  bought  all  the  People  of  England 

*  for  his  Slaves. 

4  Doubtlefs,  if  he  would  pretend  only  to  have 

*  conquered  England  at  his  own  Expence,  and  were 
'  there  as  much  Truth  as  there  is  Falfehood  in  that 

*  Pretence,  yet  he   could   not  but  know  that  the 

*  Right  of  the  People's  Deputies  in  Parliament,  to 

«  their 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        33 

6  their  antient  Powers  and  Privileges,  would  remain 

*  good  againft  him,  as  againft  their  public  capital 

*  Enemy,  whom  every  Man  ought  to  deftroy;  wntijl, 
'  by  fome  Agreement  with  the  Body  of  the  People  in 

*  Parliament,  fome  Sort  of  governing  Power  in  him 
'  were  fubmitted  unto ;  that  hereby  he  might  ceafe 

*  to  be  a  public  Enemy  and  Deftroyer,  and  become 
*•  a  King  or  Governor,  according  to  the  Conditions 
'  accepted  by  the  People  ;  and  if  he  would  fo  pre- 

*  tend,  he  could  not  be  fo  difcharged  from  his  public 

*  Enmity  by  any  Conditions  or  Agreement  made 
'  with  a  Part  of  the  People's  chofen  Deputies,  whilft 

*  he  (hut  out  the  other  Part ;  for  no  Part  of  the  Re- 
'  prefentative  Body  are  trufted  to  confent  to-  any 
4  Thing  in  the  Nation's  Behalf,  if  the  Whole  have 
1  not  their  free  Liberty  of  debasing  and  voting  in  the 
4  Matters  propounded. 

c  If  he  would  pretend  no  higher  than  to  be  our 
6  Conqueror,  who,  for  Pe^ce  and  his  own  Safety's 

*  Sake,  was  content  to  ceafe  from  being  a  public 

*  Enemy,  and  to  be  admitted  a  Governor,  he  could, 
'  not  compafs  thofe  Ends  by  forcibly  excluding  (as 
fc  now  he  hath  done)  whom  he  pleafed  of  the  Re- 

*  prefentative  Body  of  the  People,  who  were  to  fub- 

*  mit  to  him  in  the  People's  Behalf;  therefore  h& 

*  either  takes  upon  him  to  be  fuch  a  Conqueror  as 

*  fcorns  the  People's  Acceptance  of  him,  by  their 
6  Reprefentative,  as  their  Governor,  and  fears  not 

*  to  remain  a  public  Enemy;  or  elfe  he  takes  himfejf 

*  to  be  fuch  an  unheard-of  Sovereign,  that  againft 

*  him  the  People  have  no  Claim  of  Right,  or  Pro- 

*  perty  in  themfelves,  or  in  any  Thing  elfe ;  for  he 

*  hath  now  declared,  That  the   People's  Choice 

*  cannot  give  any  Man  a  Right  to  fit  in  Parliament, 

*  but  the  Right  mud  be  derived  from  his  gracious 
1  Wijl  and  Pleafure  with  that  of  his  Counfcllors  t 
'  and  that  his  C^lerfe's  Ticket,  only,  muft  be  the  it 

*  Evidence  for  it. 

*  Thus  hath  he  exalted  himfelf  to  a  Throne  like 
'  unto  God's,  as   if  he  were  of  himfelf,  and  hi? 

*  Power  from  himfdf,  and  we  were  all  made  fof 

*  him,  to  be  commanded  and  difpofed  pf  by  him,  to 

Vo|,.XXI,  ^  '    ' 


Inter- regnum. 
1656. 

September. 


34       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

4  work  for  him,  and  only  to  ferve  his  Pleafure  and 
4  Ambition. 

'  Seeing  therefore  this  total  Subverfion  of  all  Law 
c  and  Right,  and  the  Diftra£tions,  Miferies,  Blood, 
'  and  Confufions  that  will  be  the  moft  certain  Con- 

*  fequences  of  it ;  and  withall  remembering  the  late 
'  Effufion  of  Blood  upon  no  other  Account  than  to 
'  fecure  Religion,  Liberty,  and  Property,  and  the 
'  Freedom,  Power,  and  Privileges  of  Parliament,  as 
'  the  Bulwarks   thereof;    and  that  by   thofe  very 
'  Hands,  who  now  overturn  the  very  Foundation 
'  of  all  Liberty,  Right,  and  Property,  and  of  the 

*  Being  of  Parliaments  ;  and  our  very  Souls  trem- 

*  bling  at  the  loud  Cries  of  that  Sea  of  Blood,  and 
'  at  the  horrid  Clamours  of  the  many  falfified  Oaths 
'  and  Promifes  made  upon  the  fame  Account : 

'  For  the  acquitting  of  our  own  Souls,  in  the 

*  faithful  Difcharge  of  our  Duties  to  our  Country, 
'  in  fuch  Manner  as  we  are  capable  under  this  high 
4  Oppreflion,  we   do  hereby,   moft  folemnly,  re- 

*  monftrate  and  protefl.  unto  all  the  good  People  of 
<  England, 

'  Ftr/t)  That  the  violent  Exclufion,  by  any  Go- 

*  vernor,  or  pretended  Governor,  of  any  of  the 

*  People's  chofen  Deputies,  from  doing  their  Du- 
'  ties,  and  executing  their  Truft  freely  in  Parlia- 

*  ments,  doth  change  the  State  of  the  People  from 

*  Freedom  unto  a  meer  Slavery;  and  that  whofo- 
'  ever  hath  advifed,  affifted,   or  adhered  unto  the 
'  Lord  Protector  in  fo  doing,  is  a  capital  Enemy  to 
'  the  Commonwealth  ;  and  our  Anceftors  have  fo 

*  declared  and  adjudged  the  Advifers  of  fome  of  our 
'  Kings  to  Attempts  not  fo  deftructive  or  dangerous 
'  as  this  of  his.     In  the  nth  Year  of  Richard  the 

*  Second,  Chief  Juftice  Trcfilian  and  Juftice  Blake 

*  were  convicted  of  High  Treafon  by  the  Parlia- 

*  ment,  and  executed  at  Tyburn,  chiefly  for  advi- 
'fag  the  King  that  he  might,  when  he  plea  fed  ^  diflohe 
'  the  Parliament,  and  command  the  Members  to  de- 
'  part  under  the  Penalty  of  Treafon  '.     And  we  be- 

'  lieve 

1  See  and  compare  the  i  ith  of  Richard  the  Second  with  the  2  ift 
of  Richard  the  Second,  Chap,  xii,  And  the  firft  of  Henry  the  Fourth, 
Chap,  iii,  iv,  Art!(f  in  the  QrigitxiU 


Qf    ENGLAND.        35 

*  Jlcve  every  Man  can  difcern  how  much  it  Is  more  Inter-regnum. 
e  mifchievous  for  a  King,  or  any  other,  to  com-         j6  5j* 

*  numl  one,  two,  or  three  hundred  of  the  Members         * 

*  to  depart,  and  call  the  reft  a  Parliament,  to  give 

*  Countenance  to  his  Oppreffion. 

*  If  our  Kings  might  have  commanded  away,  from 
1  the  Parliaments,  ail  fuch  Perfons  of  Confcience, 

*  Wifdom,  and  Honour,  as  could  not  be  corrupted, 
'  frighted,  nor  cozened   by  them  to  betray  their 
'  Country,  our  Anceftors  could  not  have  left  us 
'  cither  Liberties  or  Eftates  to  defend. 

'  Secondly,  We  do  further  likewife  proteft,  That 

*  all  fuch  chofen  Members  for  a  Parliament,  as  (hall 
'  take  upon  them  to  approve  of  the  forcible  Exclu- 

*  fion  of  other  chofen  Members,  onfhall  lit,  vote, 
'  and  adl  by  the  Name  of  the  Parliament  of  England* 

*  while,  to  their  Knowledge,  many  of  the  cbofen 

*  Members  are  fo  by  Force  ihut  out  ;  we  fay  fuch 

*  ought  to  be  reputed  Betrayers  of  the  Liberties  of 

*  England^  and  Adherents  to  the  capital  Enemies  of 
c  the  Commonwealth. 

4  Thirdly  t  We  do  hereby  further  proteft,  That 

*  the  prefent  Aflembly  at  Wejlminjler  is  not  the  Re- 

*  prefentative  Body  of  England ;  and  alfo  that  they 

*  fit  upder  the  daily  Awe  and  Terror  of  the  Lord 
'  Protector's  armed  Men,  not  daring  to  confult  or 

*  debate,  freely,  the  great  Concernments  of  their 
4  Country,  nor  daring  to  oppofe  his  Ufurpation  and 
'  Oppreflion  :  And  that,  therefore,  untill  there  can 
'  be  a  free  Parliament,  we  do  proteft  againft  all 
'  fuch  Votes,  Orders,  Ordinances,  or  Laws,  as  fhall 

*  be  pretended  to  be  made  or  enacted  by  the  prefent 
'  Aflembly  at  Jfa/lminjhr,  as  being  null  and  void  in 
'  themfelves,  and  of  no  legal   EfFect  or  Power. 

*  Neither  can  any  of  them,  according  to  the  Laws 

*  of  God,  or  the  Fundamental  Conftitutions  of  our 
'  Country,    be   impofed    upon   any  Man ;    neither 
'  can  Tax  or  Tallage  be  juftly,  or  lawfully,  raifed 

*  by  them. 

'  And  to  avoid  all  further  vain  Pretences  of  a  Ne» 

*  cefHty,  at  prefent,  to  a<5t  in  extraordinary  Way* 

*  fur  prefejH  Safety,  we  do  further  declare,  That  a 

C  2  «  Fret 


36       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  <  Free  Parliament  is  the  only  Judge  of  fuch  Dangers 

_ 5—     .  '  and  Neceffities  of  this  Commonwealth,  as  may 

September.     '  warrant  any  extraordinary  a&ing  befide  or  againft 

'  the  Laws  :  And  if  the  Kingly  Power,  that  was  in 

'  England^  were  lawfully  fettled  in  the  Lord  Pro- 

*  teitor,  yet  had  he  no  Colour  of  Right  to  judge  of 

*  the  Cafes  of  Neceflity  that  fhould  make  it  lawful 
'  for  him  to  tranfgrefs  the  known  Laws;  but,  by 

*  the  known  Judgment  of  Parliaments,  thofe  that 
'  Ihould  fo  advife  him  were  guilty  of  High  Treafon. 

*  We  do  therefore  appeal  unto  God,  and  all  the 
'  good  People  of  England^  for  Affiftance  and  Pro- 
'  tection  in  their  Service ;  hereby  declaring  our 
'  Readinefs  and  earneft  Defires  to  attend  upon  our 
'  Country's  Service,  and  to  expofe  our  Lives  and 
'  Eftates  to  the  uttermoft  Hazards  therein,  to  pre- 
'  vent  the  Ruin  and  Confufion  that  now  threatens 
'  it,  if  it  fhall  pleafe  God  to  enable  them  to  redeem 
'  themfelves  from  the  prefent  Opprefiion ;  that  their 
'  chofen  Deputies  may  meet  and  confult  how  to  ad- 

*  vance  the  Glory  of  God,  promote  the  true  Reli- 
'  gion,  and  provide  for  the  Safety,  Liberty,  Peace, 
'  and  Happinefs  of  the  Commonwealth      And,  in 
'  the  Interim,  we  (hall  endeavour  to  pour  out  our  fad 
'  Complaints  before  the  Lord  againft  our  powerful 

*  OpprefTors ;  humbly  hoping  that  he  will  come 
'  forth  fpeedily,  to  redeem  his  People  out  of  the 
'  Hands  of  wicked  and  deceitful  Men.  m 

Arthur  Hajlerigge*  Thomas  Saunders9 

Thomas  Scotty  Henry  Darley^ 

John  Bulkley,  John  Weaver* 

John  Birch,  Alexander  Popbam, 

George  Fenwick*  John  Goodwyn^ 

Anthony  Irby^  Francis  Thorpe^ 

Thomas  Lifter*  Anthony  AJhley  Cooper* 

Thomas  Birch*  John  Southbyy 

Thomas  Adams*  Richard  Grenvil/e, 

Richard 

i"  Mr.  WLltloclic  has  given  us  a  Copy  of  this  Remonftrance  5  and, 
amongft  the  Subfcnbers  to  it,  mentions  Mr.  Herb/rt  Morfey  and 
Mr.  John  Fagg :  But.  by  Letters  in  Tburloe's  Colt'efiions,  it  appears' 
that,  tho'  thofe  two  Gentlemen  were  denied  Admittance  into  the 
Houfe,  they  either  disproved,  or  had  not  Courage  to  fign,  this 
e.  r£burh',  Vol.  V.  p.  490. 


Of   E  N  G 

Richard  Browne, 
Richard  Darley, 
Thomas  St.  Nicholas^ 
William  James, 
John  Boys, 
Charles  Hall, 
John  Jones, 
William  Woolley, 
Richard  Radcliffe, 
William  ^avile, 
Theophilus  Biddulph, 
Henry  Mildmay, 
Harbottle  Grimfton, 
William  IVelby, 
Charles  Hu/ey, 
Edmund  Harvey, 
John  Sicklemore, 
'William  D'Oiley, 
Ralph  Hare, 
John  Hobart, 
Oliver  Raymond, 

?eremy  Bentley, 
hilip  Woodhoufe, 
John  Buxton, 
William  Bloys, 
William  Gibbs^ 
Thomas  Sothertont 
Thomas  Bowes, 
Edward  Harley, 
Clement  Throckmorton, 
Daniel  Wall, 
Henry  North, 
Richard  Lucy, 
John  Wittewrong, 
George  Courthorpe^ 
Samuel  Got, 
John  Buckland, 
Robert  Long, 


LAND.       37 

John  Northcott, 
John  Young, 
John  Dodderidge, 
Henry  Hungerfordy 
Sfilijbury, 
Edward  Tooker, 
William  Morris9 
John  Hele, 
Edward  Turner^ 
Chaloner  Chute, 
Daniel  Shatterden^ 
Thomas  Styles, 
Richard  Beale, 
John  Sell'ard, 
Walter  Moyle, 
Walter  Vincent, 
John  Gell, 
Henry  Artbington% 
Henry  Tempe/l, 
Jomes  Clavering) 
john  Stanhope, 
PeniJIon  IPhaley, 
Abel  Barker, 
Samuel  Moore, 
Thomas  Minors^ 
John  Bowyer, 
Samuel  Jonesy 
John  Ajfton, 
Andrew  Lloyd, 
Edward  Hooper^ 
Thomas  Rivers, 
Henry  Peckham, 
Charles  Lloyd, 
John  Thurbarne, 
"William  Fijher, 
John  Gore, 
Rowland  Litton. 


Inter*  rcgnunit 

1656. 

September. 


Animated  by  this  gallant  Remonftrance,  and  re- 
fenting  the  infamous  Behaviour  of  a  pack'd  Majo- 
rity, fo  many  Members,  alhamed  of  their  Compa- 
C  3  nions, 


38       'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

nions,  left  the  Houfe,  that,  in  order  to  fave  Appesr- 
1656.  ances,  it  was  refolv'd,  on  the  2gth  of  this  Month, 
*-  —  v—  "-^  That  all  Perfons  who  had  been  return'd  to  ferve  in 
Oaober,  thjg  Parliament,  and  had  been,  or  might  be,  ap- 
proved by  the  Council,  fhould  give  their  Attend- 
ance within  feven  Days.  As  to  thofe  who  had  been 
excluded  for  Want  of  fuch  Approbation,  no  farther 
Notice  was  taken  of  them  :  But  the  reft  proceeded 
to  appoint  Committees  on  public  Bufmefs,  particu- 
larly Scots  and  Ir'ijh  Affairs  :  And,  to  give  the  Pro- 
tector ftill  greater  A  durances  of  their  Attachment  to 
his  Government,  a  Bill  was  brought  in,  and  read 
once,  intitled,  An  A£l  for  the  Security  of  his  Higb- 
nefs  the  Lord  Protestor's  Perfon,  and  Continuance  of 
the  Nation  in  Peace  and  Safety.  A  Bill  was  alfo  or- 
dered to  be  brought  in,  For  taking  away  the  Court 
of  Wards  and  Liveries  ,  and  Tenures  by  Knight- 
Service. 

A  Bill  pafTed  for  Nothing  occurs  more  in  the  Journals^  but  regu- 
fenouncing  the  lating  of  double  Returns,  &c.  till  the  26th  of  this 
Stuart  Family.  Month,  when  the  Bill  for  renouncing  and  difannul- 
ling  the  •pretended  Title  of  Charles  Stuart,  &c.  was 
read  a  third  Time;  and  feveral  Additions  were  pro- 
pofed,  which  were,  That  the  King's  Titles  fhould 
not  only  be  abrogated,  but  all  the  Titles  that  ever 
belonged  to  his  eldeft  Son,  or  any  of  the  Family  ; 
as  Prince  of  Wales^  Duke  of  Cornivall,  Prince  of 
Scotland^  Duke  of  Albany,  Duke  of  Rothefay,  Duke 
of  York,  or  Duke  of  Clcuce/hr.  Afterwards  the 
Bill,  with  thefe  and  other  Amendments  made  to  it, 
being  put  to  the  Queftion,  puffed  ;  and,  as  the  Jour- 
nals have  it,  netnine  contradicente.  It  was  ordered^ 
at  the  fame  Time,  That  the  Lord  Protector's  Af- 
fent  be  defired  to  this  Bill.  Laftly,  a  Committee 
was  appointed  to  confider  of  the  Way  of  Addrcfs  to 
his  Highnefs,  with  Bills,  and  report  it  to  the  Houfe. 
Accordingly, 


^  Q&ofar  I.  The  faid  Report  was  made  ;  on  which 
for  the'pfotec-  ^  was  rdolved,  i.  '  That  a  Copy  of  every  Bill  that 
tor's  Coafent.  ftiall  pafs  the  Houfe,  be  made,  and  carefully  examin- 

ed 


Of   E  N  G  L  AND.        39 

cd  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Parliament,  with  the  Origi-  Inter-regnunu 
nal,  and  figned  by  him:  That  the  Speaker,  with  the         ' J 
whole  Houfe,  fhail  attend  the  Lord  Protestor;  and, 
in  their  Name,  prefent  the  Bills  to  his  Highncfs  for 
hisConfent:  That  the  Clerk  (hall  read  the  Titling 
cf  the  Bills ;  and,  if  the  Lord  Protestor  requite  it, 
the  Bills  alfo :  And  then  the  Speaker  (hall  deliver 
to  his  Highnefs  the  Copy. 

2.  '  That  the  Place  of  Meeting  for  the  Lord  Pro- 
tcftor  to  pafs  Bills,  fnall  be  the  Painted- Chamber. 

3.  '  That  when  the  Lord  Protedor  (hall  pafs  a 
Bill,  the  Form  of  Words  to  be  ufed  (hall  be  thefe, 
The  Lord  Protefior  doth  confenty  which;  Words  fhall 
be  entered  "  upon  the  Bill. 

4.  '  That  the  Lord  Protector  may  require  the 
Judges  and  fuch  Officers  of  State  to  attend  him,  at 
the  Time  of  prefenting  and  patting  of  Bills,  as  his 
Highnefs  (hall  think  fit. 

5.  '  That  it  be  referred  back  to  the  fame  Com- 
mittee, to  confider  what  Words  are  fit  to  be  ufed 
when  a  Bill  is  rirft  parted  by  this  Houfe  ;  and  to  be 
indorfed  by  the  Clerk  thereupon :  How  Notice  (hall 
be  given  to  the  Houfe,  when  his  Highnefs  comes  to 
pafs  Bills :  What  Words  {hall  be  ufed  when,  in 
cafe  the  Lord  Prote&or  doth  not  confent  in  twenty 
Days,  a  Bill  is  to  become  a  Law  :  And  how  Bills 
may  be  pafled  in  cafe  of  the  Lord  Protestor's  Sick- 
nefs  or  Abfence.' 

A  War  with  Spain  having  been  entered  into  byrhe  Parliament 
the  Protestor  and  his  Council,  it  was,  at  the  fame3PProv*olthe 
Time,  thought  proper  to  communicate  this  Affair Warwith5/W*g 
to  the  Parliament;  who,  having  heard  the  Report, 
it  was  refolved,  «  That  the  War  againft  the  Spa- 
niard    was   undertaken   upon    juft   and   necefiary 
Grounds,  and  for  the  Good  of  the  People  of  this 
Commonwealth :    That  the  Houfe  doth   approve 
thereof;    and    will,   by   God's   Bleffing,   affift   his 
Highnefs  therein  :  And  a  Committee  was  appointed 

to 

»  The  Word  Entered  was  infertcd  inflcad  of  the  Wcrd  InJorftd 
And  this  Note  is  Britten  againft  it  in  the  Margin,  "  Aineiwlcd  \» 
Order,  upon  the  Q^eftion,  the  zotli  of  Ntrvtmbtr,  1656. 


46       *fhe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-  reghum.  to  prepare  a  Declaration  to  fliew  the  Juftice  of  thl§ 
War,  and  the  Neceffity  of  carrying  on  the  fame.' 


oaober.  The  very  next  Day  Letters  from  the  Admiral? 
Blake  and  Montague,  to  the  Protector  >  were  com* 
municated  to  the  Houfe  by  Mr.  Secretary  Tburlod^ 
giving  Intelligence  of  a  confiderable  Victory  over 
A  great  Viftory  the  Spanijh  Weft-  India  Fleet,  and  of  the  taking  of 
obtained  over  feveral  of  their  Ships,  On  which  News  a  Day  of 
Thankfgiving  was  appointed  by  the  Houfe,  to  blefs 
God  for  his  great  Mercies  on  this  Occafion  ;  and  a 
Declaration  ordered  to  be  drawn  up  as  a  Narrative 
of  this  Succefs,  to  be  prefixed  to  the  Order  for  the 
Thankfgiving.  The  Thanks  of  the  Houfe  were 
alfo  voted  to  Admiral  Montague^  who  that  Day  took 
his  Seat  in  Parliament  j  and  the  fame  Compliment 
was  afterwards  paid  to  Admiral  Blake, 

A  Bill  fat  Secu-»     Off.  9.  Great  Debates  were  this  Day  on  the  Bill 

rity  of  the  Pro-  for  the  Security  of  the  Protector's  Perfon,  and  many 

tefor's  Perron,  Additions    and   Amendments    made   to   it  ;    after 

which,  being  put  to  the  Queftion,  and  pafied,  it 

was  ordered,  '  That  his  Highnefs's  Confent  be  de- 

fired  thereto.'     The  Houfe  was  alfo  at  this  Time 

employed  about  feveral  other  Bills,  of  different  Na- 

tures, of  which  Notice  will  be  taken  in  the  Sequeh 

Ofi.  i  t.  This  Day  a  Letter,  or  rather  a  Meflage, 
from  the  Lord  Protector,  was  delivered  to  the 
Speaker;  which,  for  its  having  all  the  Attributes  of 
Regal  Style,  more  than  for  the  Matter  of  it,  we 
give  as  follows  : 

To  our  Right  Trufty  and  Right  Well-beloved 
Sir  THOMAS  WIDDRINGTON,  Knight,  Speaker 
of  the  Parliament^ 

OLIVER    P. 

Right  Trufty  and  Right  Well-beloved,  we  greet 

you  well, 

Creat  Officers  of  fT  being  exprejfid  in  the  thirty-fourth  Article  of 
ttm  appointed.  /  ^  Qovernment  ^  That  the  Chancellor,  Keeper, 

or 

•  In  our  Twentieth  Volufte,  p.  260, 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      41 

Or  Commitiioners  of  the  Great  Seal,  the  Trea- 
furer,  Admiral,  Chief  Governors  of  Ireland  and 
Scotland,  and  the  Chief  Juftices  of  both  the 
Benches,  fhall  be  chofen  by  the  Approbation  of 
Parliament ;  and  in  the  Intervals  of  Parliament,  bjr 
the  Approbation  of  the  major  Part  of  the  Coun- 
cil, to  be  after  approved  by  the  Parliament ;'  and 
ive  having,  before  the  Meeting  of  the  Parliament* 
appointed,  with  the  Approbation  of  the  Council,  our 
Right  Trujly  and  Right  Well- beloved  Nathaniel 
Fiennes  and  John  Lifle,  Commijfiotttfi  of  the  Great 
Seal  of  England  ;  and  our  Right  Trujly  and  Well- 
beloved  John  Glynne,  Chief  'Jujlice  of  the  Upper 
Bench,  I  have  thought  it  necejjary  to  tranfmit  to  you. 
the  Names  of  thofe  Perfons,  to  the  end  that  the  Refo- 
lution  of  the  Parliament  may  be  known  concerning 
their  Approbation  ;  which  I  dejire  may  be  with  fucb 
Speed  as  the  other  public  Occafions  of  the  Common- 
'tucalth  will  permit :  And  fo  1  bid  you  heartily  fare- 
Well. 

Given  at  Whitehall^  the  loth  of  Oclober^  1656. 

The  Confequence  of  this  Meflage  was,  that  the 
three  Perfons  recommended  by  his  Highnefs,  were 
all  approved  by  three  leveral  Relblutions  of  the 
Houfe, 

The  Spanijb  War  continuing  to  be  carried  on 
With  Vigour,  the  Houfe  went  upon  Ways  and  Means 
to  raife  Money  for  that  Purpofe;  and,  after  con- 
fidering  how  to  retrench  fome  fupernumerary  Ex- 
pences,  &c.  they  fell,  as  their  Predeceflbrs  had 
done  on  like  Occafions,  to  raife  farther  Contribu- 
tions upon  the  Eftates  of  Papifts  and  Delinquents. 
In  order  thereto  they  appointed  Committees  to  in- 
quire ftri&ly  into  any  Frauds  or  Collufions  ufed  in 
the  Compofitions  for  thofe  Eitates;  as  alfo  into  any 
other  Methods  relating  to  the  Excife  or  Cuftoms, 
that  they  could  find  for  raifing  Money  for  this  War. 

The  Remainder  of  this  Month  was  chiefly  em- 
ployed in  the  above-mentioned  Expedients,  And, 

Nov. 


42       The  Parliamentary  PIi STORY 

Inter-regnum.       Nov.  7.  A  Report  was  made  from  the  Protector 
l656-        and  his  Council,  That  an  Account  had  been  drawn 
Vr~~vT~"11''    up  of  what  would  be  neceflary  for  carrying  on  the 
1  "'     Spanijb  War  another  Year,  and  how  far  the  pre- 
fent  public  Revenues  would  reach  to  the  defraying 
of  that  Charge.     This  Account  was  foon  after  re- 
ferred to  a  Committee,  to  coniider  how  to  anfwer 
the  Expence,  and  to  prefent  their  Propofitions  for 
it  to  the  Houfe  as  fpeedily  as  poilible. 

Nov.  27.  Several  Bills  being  now  ready  for  the 
Lord  Protector's  AfTeut,  a  Committee  was  appoint- 
ed to  wait  upon  him,  and  defire  to  know  the  Time 
when  he  would  pleafe  to  have  them  prefented  to  him 
The  Lord  Pro-  for   that  pu,-pOfe.     His   Highnefs   appointed   Ten 
C™L?tofcie.0'Cloc,k:  that  Morning  in  the  Painted  Chamber;  but 
ral  Bills.  before  the  Houfe  went  up  thither,   they  thought 

proper  to  read  another  Bill  three  Times,  and  pals  it; 
which  was,  That  bis  fHigbnefs's  pajfing  of  Bills 
Jboitld  net  be  any  Determination  of  this  Sejffign  of 
Parliament.  They  alfo  ordered,  4  That  this  Bill 
be  the  firft  that  fliould  be  prefented  to  his  Highnefs 
for  his  Confent.'  It  was  fo  done;  and  accordingly 
ftands  firft  in  the  Acts  of  this  Seflion.  P 

So  extraordinary  a  Caution  jfhews  very  plainly, 
that  the  Houfe,  though  thoroughly  purged  and 
modelled,  had  fome  Jealoufy  that  the  Protedor 
might  intend  to  diflblve  them  :  However,  it  hap- 
pened otherwife ;  for  now  the  Serjeant  at  Arms 
bringing  Word  that  Serjeant  Dendy  was  at  the 
Door  with  a  Meffage  from  his  Highnefs,  he  was 

called  in : The  Ceremonial  on  this  Occafion 

was  as  follows : 

The  Ceremonial      '  Having  made  two  Obeifances  to  the  Parliament 
thereof.  when  he  came  into  the  Middle  of  the  Houfe,  with 

his  Mace  in  his  Hand,  he  declared  to  the  Speaker, 
That  he  was  commanded  by  the  Lord  Protector  to 
let  this  Parliament  know,  that  his  Highnefs  was  in 
the  Painted-Chamber^  and  defired  to  fpeak  with 
that  Honourable  Houfe  there  j  and  withdrew. 

*  Then 

P  SeobelPs  Ctlle&ions,  p.  371. 


O/ 


ENGLAND. 


43 


*  Then  the  Speaker  with  the  whole  Houfe  (the  Inter- 
Clerk  with  the  Bills  in  his  Hand,  and  the  Serjeant          l6S6- 
with  his  Mace,  going  next  ami  immediately  before  ^""*""v~ 
him)  went  up  to  the  Painted-  Chamber  ;  where  his 
Highnefs,  attended  by  the  Lord  Prefidcnt  and  the 

reft  of  the  Council,  the  Lords  Commiiiioners  of  the 
Great  Seal  and  of  the  Treafury,  the  Lord  Chief 
Juftice  of  the  Upper  Bench,  the  Mailer  of  the  Rolls, 
the  Lord  Chief  Juftice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and 
the  reft  of  the  Judges,  were  expecting  the  Parlia- 
ment. 

4  The  Serjeant  carried  his  Mace  upon  his  Shoul- 
der up  to  the  Table,  where  was  a  Chajr  fet  for  the 
Speaker,  and  a  Form  for  the  Clerk. 

4  Then  the  Speaker,  addrefling  himfelf  to  his 
Highnefs,  gave  an  Account  of  the  Employment  of 
the  Houfe  during  their  Sitting:  That  many  Bills  for 
the  Public  Good  were  upon  the  Anvil,  feme  where- 
of were  compleated  ;  and  of  thefe  he  made  a  parti- 
cular Relation.  The  ftrft  of  which  was  an  Aft, 
Ibat  the  puffing  of  Bills  Jhall  not  determine  this  pre- 
fent  ScJJion  of  Parliament  :  This  he  fryled  a  Bill  for 
the  Parliament's  Prefervation.  The  next,  which 
•was  an  A£t  For  renouncing  and  difannulling  the  pre- 
tended Title  of  Charles  Stuart,  &c.  he  called  a  Bill 
for  quieting  the  Pofleffion  of  the  Government.  The 
third,  For  the  Security  of  his  Highnefs  the  Lord  Pro- 
tcftor's  Perfon,  and  Continuance  of  the  Nation  in 
Peace  and  Safety^  he  faid  was  for  a  Security  to 
every  Perfon  in  the  Nation,  all  their  feveral  Intc- 
refts  being  comprehended  in  that  of  his  Highnefs. 
The  Fourth.,  an  A£t  For  taking  away  the  Ceuit  of 
Wards  and  Liveries^  he  ftylcd  an  A£t  of  Manumit 
fiun.  The  fifth  was  an  Act  For  granting  Liberty 
to  export  federal  Commodities  of  the  Breed^  Growth^ 
and  Manufacture  of  this  Ccnitn^mueaith^  the  good 
Intentions  whereof  were  felf-  evident;  and  that  there 
•were  alfo  feveral  more  Bills  of  private  Concernment 
to  particular  Perfons. 

*  After  this  the  Clerk  read  the  Title  of  the  firuV 
Bill   prefented   to   the   Lord  Piotcctor,   which   his 
Highnefs  ordered  to  be  read  through,  and  declared 

to 


Inter-  regnum, 
1656. 


December. 


ker. 


44      tte  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

to  the  Clerk  his  Confent  to  the  fame,  in  thefe 
Words,  We  do  conjent  ;  and,  thereupon,  the  Clerk 
made  this  Entry  thereof  on  the  Bill,  The  Lord  Pro- 
teftor  doth  conjent  ;  and  read  the  fame  over  again. 
Then  the  Clerk  read  the  Titles  of  the  reft  of  the 
public  Bills  firft,  and  next  the  private  Bills,  to  each 
of  which  the  Lord  Protector's  Confent  was  de- 
clared, entered,  and  publifhed,  as  before. 

'  The  Serjeant  at  Arms  attending  his  Highnefs, 
and  likewife  the  Serjeant  attending  the  Parliament, 
flood  all  this  Time  with  their  Maces  on  their 
Shoulders  ;  and  his  Highnefs  having  made  a  fhort 
Speech,  the  Speaker,  with  the  reft  of  the  Members, 
departed,  in  the  like  Order  as  they  came  thither,  to 
the  Parliament  Houfe.'  ---  But  no  Entry  is  made  of 
this  Speech  in  the  Journals^  or  any  other  Authority 
we  have  yet  met  with. 

December.  The  Parliament  now  proceeded  upon 
other  Bills,  both  public  and  private;  amongft  which 
was  carried  on,  in  a  Committee  of  the  whole  Houfe, 
a  Bill  for  uniting  the  Kingdoms  of  England  and 
Scotland  into  one  Commonwealth.  An  Affair  which 
had  long  taken  up  the  Attention  of  this  and  prece- 
ding Parliaments. 

The  Beginning  of  this  Month  James  Naylor* 
*  by  the  Diaries  of  thefe  Times,  The  Quakers 
le^  was  brought  up  from  Briftol,  and  feveral  of 
his  Female  Followers  along  with  him.  On  the  6th 
he  was  brought  to  the  Bar  of  the  Houfe  j  where, 
keeping  on  his  Hat,  the  Serjeant,  by  Command  of 
the  Speaker,  took  it  off.  Being  afked,  If  his  Name 
was  James  Naylor  ;  anfwered,  He  was  fo  called  : 
and  being  alfo  afked,  How  long  he  had  been  called 
fo;  anfwered,  Ever  fmce  he  could  remember.  The 
Particulars  of  his  Confeffion  being  read  to  him,  and 
afked  if  it  was  his,  he  acknowledged  it  all.  The 
next  Day,  on  Debate,  the  Houfe  voted  him  guilty 
of  horrid  Blafphemy  ;  that  he  was  a  grand  Impoftor, 
and  a  great  Seducer  of  the  People. 

But 


O/   E  N  G  L  A  N.  D.        45 

But  after  this  the  Parliament  feem'd  to  be  under  Inter-regntun. 
fome  Dilemma  what  Puniihment  to  infliit  upon        l656- 
him,  for  it  was  debated  feveral  Days,  without  co-    <^*TVTTJ 
ming  to  a  Conclufion  ;  till,  on  the  i6th  of  this 
Month,  the  Queftion  being  put,  That  the  Punifli- 
ment  of  James  Naylor,  for  his  Crimes,  (hall  be  by 
Death,  and  that  a  Bill  be  brought  in  for  that  Pur- 
pole,  it  pafled  in  the  Negative,   by  96  againft  82. 
Then  a  Motion  being  made,  That  Part  of  his  Pu- 
nifhrrlent  be  to  have  his  Hair  cut  off,  it  pafled  in 
the  Negative,  without  Divifion.     After  which  the 
Houfe  came  to  the  following  Refolution  : 

*  That  James  Nay/or  be  fet  on  the  Pillory,  with 
his  Head  in  the  Pillory,  in  the  New-Palace\  Ifcy?- 
minjler,  during  the  Space  of  two  Hours,  on  Tlntrf- 
4uy  next  ;  and  (hall  be  whipp'd  by  the  Hangman 
through  the  Streets,  from  Wtflnditfter  to  the  Old- 
Exchange^  London  ;  and  there  likewife  be  fet  upon 
the  Pillory,  with  his  Head  in  the  Pillory,  for  the 
Space  of  two  Hours,  between  the  Hours  of  Eleven 
and  One,  on  Saturday  next  ;  in  each  of  the  faid 
Places  wearing  a  Paper  containing  an  Infcription  of 
his  Crimes  :  And  that  at  the  Old  Exchange  his 
Tongue  (hall  be  bored  through  with  a  hot  Iron;  and 
that  he  be  there  alfo  ftigmatized  in  the  Forehead 
with  the  Letter  B.  That  he  be  afterwards  fent  to 
Brijfol)  and  conveyed  into  and  through  the  faid  Ci-~ 
ty,  on  a  Horfe  bare  ridged,  with  his  Face  backward  ; 
and  there  alfo  publickly  whipped  the  next  Market- 
Day  after  he  comes  thither  :  That  from  thence  he 
be  committed  to  Prifon  in  Bridewell^  London^  and 
there  reftrained  from  the  Society  of  all  People,  and 
kept  to  hard  Labour,  till  he  (hall  be  releafed  by 
Parliament  ;  and  during  that  Time  be  debarred 
from  the  Ufe  of  Pen,  Ink,  and  Paper,  and  (hall 
have  no  Relief,  but  what  he  earns  by  his  daily  La- 

The 

«1  Upon  thU  Occafion  there  was  publifljed  by  Authority  of  the 
Parliament,  the  following  Paper,  intitleo,  A  brief  Actfunt  of  Jarne« 
Naylor,  the  Quaker  j  and  the  uttering  of  many  horrible  LUafpbemiei, 
tte  Jtk:-,  for  at!  Circumflancet,  nevtr  beard  of  in  any  Agt  brfite,  viitb 


the  Judgment  pronaunctd  upon  him  by  Mr.  Speaker,  be  being  biougl-t 


46       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY" 


nCXt  ^^  7amcs  Naylar  being  brought  up  to 
receive  his  Sentence,  a  Motion  was  made,  that  he 
might  be  afked,  Whether  he  had  any  Thing  to  offer 
why  Judgment  fhould  not  be  pronounced  upon  him  ? 

it 

t»  tie  Bar  in  toe  Commons  Hcxfe,  for  toale  bigb  Crimes  wbercofkc  bad 
teen  guilty,  Dec.  ij,  1656.  At  tbeTop  of  this  Sheet  is  a  Print  engra- 
ved by  Hollar,  reprefenting  the  Manner  of  Kaylar's  Sentence  being 
put  in  Execution.  Then  follows  tlie  Account  itfeif,  in  bat  Verba. 

'James  Baylor,  the  Qu-kcr,  having  been  releafed  out  of  Exeter 
Coal,  he  began  immediately  to  play  his  P.anks  at  divers  Places  in 
the  Weft  j  among  the  reft,  he  paiTcd  by  ffelts  and  Glafienlury,  thro* 
•which  Towns  he  rode  on  Horfeback,  a  Man  going  bare  before  him, 
and  others  walking  on  Foot  on  each  Side  of  his  Stirrup,  and  others 
Brewing  their  Garments  in  the  Way  ;  from  thence  he  took  his  Way 
towards  Brifto!,  and  coming  to  a  little  Village  call'd  Bcdrnnfier,  about 
a  Mile  fcom  Brijiil,  he  rode  through  that  Place  likewife,  a  young 
Wan  lare-headeci  leading  his  Hone  by  the  Bridle,  and  another  Man 
before  with  his  Hat  on. 

'  There  accompanied  him  two  Men,  with  each  a  Woman  behind 
him  on  Horfeback  5  which  Women  alighted  when  they  came  to  the 
Suburbs  vfBrifnl,  and  footed  it  along  on  each  Side  ofNaylor's  Horfe, 
the  Man  ftiii  bare-headed  leading  the  Horfe;  and  as  they  advanced 
along  they  furg;,  and  entered  Bnftol  finging,  Holy,  Holy,  Holy,  Lord 
Csd  oflfrae/j  and  then  the  Women  led  the  Hone  with  the  Reins  in 
their  Hands,  up  to  the  High-Crofs  of  Brifal,  and  from  thence  to 
tr.e  WL:tt-Uart  Inn  in  Broadftrfet. 

'  The  Magistrates  fending  for  Naylor  and  his  Companions,  they 
came  finging  all  the  Way  Ucj'ar.r.a,  and  Holy,  Holy,  Holy,  &c.  His 
Name  that  went  bare  before'him  was  T:m!>tby  Wedlock,  a  Devtnjbirt 
Wan.  The  one  Woman  was  named  Martha  Symonds,  Wife  oflhamcu 
Symonds,  Stationer  of  Landau  j  the  other  Hannah  Strangcr,  Wife  of 
John  Stranger,  of  London,  Comb-maker. 

'  The  Magiftrates  having  convened  NayJ&r  and  the  reft,  divers 
flrange  blafphemous  Letters  and  Papers  were  found  about  there, 
wherein  it  appeared,  that  this  Deceiver  had  fo  far  gained  upon  his 
Followers  by  his  Impoftures,  that  they  afcribed  to  him  Divine  Ho- 
»ours,  and  gave  him  in  Scripture  Phrafe  the  fame  Titles  which  ere 
applicable  to  none  but  Cbrift  himfeif. 

*  In  a  Letter  of  one  Richard  ¥  airman,  from  Dorchejier  GoaJ,   to 
Way  lor,  we-e  thefe  horrid  Expreflions,  /  am  filed  with  Jcy  and  Rejoi- 
cing laben  I  behold  tbee  in  the  ctsrnal  Unity.     O  my  boul  it  melting 
•within  ntt,  ivhtn  I  behold  thy  Beauty  and  Itinocexcj,  dear  and  precious 
Sen  of  Z ion,  -u/bofe  Mother  is  a  Virgin,  and  vfafe  Birth  is  imacrta/. 

*  Another  writes  of  him  thus,  Mil  the  ivife  Menjhailfeek  for  him, 
and  -when  they  have  found  him,  they  Jhall  open  their  Ears,  and  flail 
give  unto  him  of  their  Gold,  Frankincense,  and  Myrrh. 

'  The  fame  Woman,  in  another  Letter  to  him,  proceeds  thus,  0 
tbeu  fat  reft  ofTen  Ibfufand:  1'bcu  inly  begotten  Son  of  God,  bow  my 
Heart  panieth  after  tbee,  0  flay  me  ivitb  flagons,  and  comfort  me 
•ioitb  Wine.  My  Well  beloved,  tbou  art  like  a  Roe,  or  young  liartt 
uptn  the  Mountains  of  Spices.  Then,  by  way  of  Poftfcript,  her  Haf- 
J;»nd,  John  Strs.r.gert  adds  this,  Tby  A'amt  is  «»  mare  tt  in  called 
James  but  Jefus. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        47 

it  pafTcd  in  the  Negative,  by  107  againft  85  ;  which  inter- r^mim. 
arbitrary  Vote  feems  to  jtiitify  Mr.  Wbitkctft  Ob-         >6s6. 
fervation,  '  That  many  thought  he  was  loo  fiercely  ^***~*'~'  "^ 
profeeuted  by  rigid  Men.'  Januar*' 

Thus  much  tor  this  Enthufiaft. 

The  reft  of  this  Month,  and  Part  of  the  next, 
was  chiefly  taken  up  in  hearing  of  Petitions  relating 
to  private  Affairs,  and  going  upon  Ways  and  Means 
to  raife  Money  for  the  Spanijh  War.  But, 

About  the  Middle  of  January ,  Secretary,  Tbur-  A  Thankfgivini; 
Joe  alarmed  the  Houfe  with  a  wicked  Defi^ti  to  take 
away  the  Lord  Protector's  Life,  and  fire  /^**<?/> 
and   read   the  Examination  of  divers  Perfons  con- 
cerned in  the  faid  Plot,  taken  before  the  Council : 
For  the  happy  and  timely   Difcovery  hereof  the 
Parliament  ordered  a  Day  of  Thankfgiving  to  be 
held,  fir II  by  the  Houfe,  and  afterwards  by  the  three 
Nations.     A  Declaration,  by  way  of  Narrative  of 
this  dangerous  Confpiracy  r,  was  ordered  to  be 

drawn 

'  Alfr>  a  Maid,  named  Dorcas  Erbury,  being  examined,  declared 
J.imes  Nay/or  to  be  the  Holy  One  of  Ifrjcl,  the  only  begotten  Son  ot" 
tied  j  and  that  (he  pulled  off  his  Stockings,  and  put  her  Cloaths  un- 
der his  Feet,  becaule  he  was  the  floly  Lord  of  Ifrael,  and  that  flic 
knew  no  other  Saviour  but  him  ;  affirming  moreover,  That  the  Spirit 
of  the  Lord  within  her  commanded  her  to  call  him  Lord  and  Mailer, 
and  to  ferve  him  :  That,  in  Exeter  Goal,  he  had  railed  her  frr.m  the 
Dead  after  (he  had  been  dead  two  Days :  And  that  Janes  Naybr 
Aall  fit  at  the  Right  Hand  of  the  Father,  and  judge  the  World.  " 

'  Thus  you  fee  how  this  wretched  Importer  hath  prevailed  upon  his 
Followers,  to  bewitch  them  to  the  committing  of  flrange  Abfurdi- 
tjes.  An  Account  whereof  I  had  hitheito  fbrborn,  but  have  now 
given  it  in  brief",  that  the  Honour  and  Juftice  of  the  Parliaments  Sen- 
tenet;  paftrd  uppn  him,  may  be  evident  to  the  People.* 

«•  It  was  called  Synder comic's  Plot,  which  is  taken  Notice  of 
by  moft  of  our  Hiftorians.  TlysMan  was  found  dead  in  his  Bed  the 
Morning  before  his  intended  Execution.  Whether  he  poifoned  hira- 
fclf,  as  was  given  out  by  public  Authority  at  this  Time ;  or  wa« 
fmothereil,  by  private  Orders  from  Cromwell,  for  lear  he  ftiould  make 
fome  Difcovecies  at  the  Callows  to  the  Prejudice  of  the  Protestor, 
(as  charged  upon  him  by  Col.  Titus,  in  his  Killing  no  Murder)  re- 
mains yet  a  Queftion.  We  fliall  therefore  content  ourfclvcs  xvith 
remarking,  That,  in  the  5th  and  6th  Volumes  of  Tburloc'a  Su:t 
Papers,  there  are  Letters  from  Lockbatt,  Ooww^/'s  Amballador  in 
Franc*,  to  'Tburlot^  and  from  him  to  lltr.ry  CromzocK,  in  Ireland^ 
with  ft-. rial  Examinations  and  other  Papers  teh  ing  to  this  Defiga 
againft  the  Protector's  Life ;  which  fcems  to  have  beta,  in  &me 
xncafurc,  encouraged  by  the  Court  *f  Spain. 


48      *£be  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

fcte»-regnum.  drawn  up  and  publifh'd ;  wherein  the  Minifters  were 
enjoined,  on  all  Occasions  for  the  future,  to  pray 
for  the  Lord  ProtccJor^  and  all  that  are  in  Authority 
in  this  Commonzuealtb.  The  Parliament  alfo  voted 
their  Thanks  to  Secretary  Thurloe^  for  his  great  Di- 
ligence in  tracing  out  this  Plot ;  and  relolved  to 
congratulate  the  Lord  Protector  upon  his  happy 
Efcape.  This  was  done  by  the  whole  Houfe,  with 
the  Speaker  at  their  Head ;  who,  in  his  Harangue 
upon  the  Occafion,  fet  forth  the  terrible  Confe- 
quences  which  might  have  enfued,  had  it  not  pleafed 
Almighty  God  to  defeat  this  Confpiracy  j  as, 
I/?,  The  Danger  and  Ruin  of  the  Reformed 
Churches  abroad,  and  three  Nations  at  home,  who 
were  all  ftruck  at  by  this  intended  Blow.  idly->  The 
cunning  Secrecy  of  it,  no  more  than  two  knowing 
the  whole  Defign.  3%,  The  Extenfivenefs  of  it, 
for,  if  they  failed  in  one  Place,  they  rejolved  to  do 
it  in  another.  He  concluded  with  faying,  That,  if 
Cicero  were  living,  he  would  want  Expreflion  to  fet 
out  the  Danger,  or  the  Mercy;  fo  unparallel'd,  fo 
unprecedented  a  Mercy,  that  the  Parliament's  Hymn 
was,  O  cantemus  Canticum  novum^  Q  come  let  us 
fmg  a  new  Song  unto  the  Lord  | 

The  Difcovery  of  this  Confpiracy  furnifhed  the 
Protector  and  his  Council  with  a  frefh  Pretence  for 
opprefiing  theRoyalifts;  for,  in  confequence  there- 
of, we  find  a  Bill  was  ordered  to  be  brought  in  For 
continuing  and  ajjeffing  a  Tax  for  the  Payment  of  the 
Militia  Forces  in  England  and  Wales,  raijed  for 
the  Security  and  Prefervatisn  of  the  Commonwealth  j 
the  Debate  upon  which  was  opened  to  the  Houfe? 
by  Secretary  Tburloe^  hi  a  Speech  to  this  JEftecl :  * 

Mr.  Speaker, 

Secretary  T*»r-  s  fTl  H  E  Scope  of  this  Bill  is  to  fet  an  extraor- 
ids  Speech  for  J^  dinary  Tax  upon  the  old  Delinquent  Party, 
(SSny'nknF-w^  a  Retrofpe&  by  way  of  Approbation  of  what 

on  thefcoyatffts,  hath 

9  From  the  5th  Volume  of  Tburhe's  State  Papers;  in  which 

there  being  fome  Hiatus',  we  have  endeavouitid  to  fupply  therrij  and 

to  cjear  up  a  few  Pafisges  w&ch  feem  to  have  cf«J>?4  th?  Car?  pf 

tie  TrajjjTciiber. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        49 

hfitn  been  done  of  this  Kind  by  his  Highnefs  and  Inter-r^n 
the  Council ;  fo  that  we  are  to  confider,  l6s 

1.  «  What  Reafons  his  Highnefs  and  Council  had    t~T^ 
to  lay  the  Charge. 

2.  '  Upon  what  Grounds  it  (hall  be  continued 
by  Acl  of  Parliament. 

1  What  moves  me  to  fpeak  in  it  is,  the  Place  I 
have  the  Honour  to  bear. 

'  The  Occafion  was,  the  laft  Infurrec~lion  made 
by  the  old  Delinquent  Party.  Who  thefe  old  De- 
linquents are,  I  fuppofe  Nobody  needs  any  Infor- 
mation ;  they  are  defcribed  in  the  Bill,  to  be  thofc 
who  were  in  Arms  for  the  late  King  againu  the  Par- 
liament, or  for  Charles  Stuart  the  Son  ;  or  have 
adhered  to,  aflifted,  or  abetted  the  Forces  raifed 
againft  the  Parliament ;  or  whofe  Eftates  have  beert 
fequeftered  for  Delinquency. 

4  You  know,  Sir,  much  better  than  I,  and  fo  do 
molt  Men  here,  what  the  Defign  was  before  the 
Long  Parliament.  It  was  to  alter  our  Religion,  and 
to  fubvert  the  Fundamental  Laws. 

«  The  Biftiops,  fo  they  might  cnflave  our  Con- 
fciences,  and  have  us  at  their  Will  to  impofe  their 
Ceremonies,  which  were  but  Inlets  to  Popery, 
were  content  we  mould  be  at  the  King's  Will  for 
our  Perfons  and  Eftates.  I  remember  myfelf,  and 
many  here  remember  much  better,  how  many 
were  baniftied  into  foreign  Parts,  that  they  might 
ferve  God  without  Fear,  which  they  could  not  do 
here.  Many  good  Minifters  were  imprifoned,  others 
filenced  :  If  two  or  three  Chriftians  met  together  to 
pray,  this  was  a  Conventicle,  and  they  were  haled 
before  the  then  Powers. 

*  I  fear  thefe  Things  are  forgotten,  and  we  value 
not  the  Liberty  we  have  in  thefe  Cafes.     I  know 
what  Thoughts  we  had  then  j  that  that  was  the 
Defign. 

*  And  fo  in  the  State,   the  Prerogative  was  tery 
high,  but  the  People's  Liberty  was  very  low.    We 
have  not  forgot  the  German  Horfe  that  were  to  be 
brought  over,  and  the  Army  in   Ireland  that  was 
to  be  raifed  to  enflave  them  firft,  and  then  to  do  the 

VOL.  XXI.  D  fame 


5  o       *Fhe  "Parliamentary  HISTORY 

fnter-repnum.  fame  here.  What  was  doing  in  Scotland  many  Gerc- 
l656-        tlemen  here,  I  doubt  not,  that  rejoice  to  fee  this 
V"T~V J    Day,  can  tell  you  large  Stories  of. 

'  Parliaments  were  fet  afide  :  How  many  had  ye 
between  3°  and  16°  Car.  in  thirteen  Years  toge- 
ther ?  Not  one ;  no,  they  had  got  a  Way  to  govern 
without  Parliaments  ;  and  the  Laws  in  Weftminftfr- 
Hall  began  to  be  of  little  Ufe.  The  Judges,  that 
were  honeft  and  true  to  the  People's  Liberties,  were 
either  removed  or  difcountenanced,  that  ad  Placl- 
tum  Regis  fmt  Sententits  Legis  :  Other  Courts  flou- 
rifhed  ;  the  Marches  otlVales,  the  Prefidentftiip  of 
Tork^  the  Star-Chamber,  the  Council-Board,  the 
High-Commiflion,  and,  I  am  loth  to  name,  the 
Chancery ;  but  good  Ufe  was  made  of  that  too, 
for  their  Purpofes  that  were  arbitrary  ;  and  the  De- 
fign  was  to  rack  all  Things  fo,  that  a  Man  could 
not  be  met  with  there  that  would  hear  Reafon". 

'  The  Truth  was,  the  Defign  was  to  govern  us 
fcy  a  Power  that  might  be  turned  againft  us  ;  and 
it  was  faid,  quod  placuit  Principi  Legis  Vim  habet. 

(  Things  were  almoft  become  defperate ;  and  all 
Men  who  loved  their  Country  thought,  all,  either 
of  fuffering,  or  of  flying.  This,  I  fay,  was  the 
firft  Defign.  To  do  an  arbitrary  A6t,  out  of  Ne- 
ceflity  to  fave  the  whole,  that's  another  Thing ;  but 
this  was  Matter  of  Choice. 

'  In  this  Conjun£ture  of  Affairs  the  Long  Parlia- 
ment comes  j  queftions  the  King's  Counfellors  ; 
undertakes  the  Caufe  of  the  Nation,  and  advifes  the 
King  :  Inftead  of  liflening  to  them,  he  takes  the 
Advantage  of  railing  an  Army  in  Profecution  of  his 
former  Defign,  and  to  defend  thofe  who  were  the 
Inftruments  thereof.  A  great  Part  of  the  Nation, 
whom  he  and  his  Counfellors  had  debauched,  and 
who  were  feafoncd  with  the  fame  Principles,  in  Ha- 
tred to  the  Spirit  of  Reformation  and  Liberty,  which 
appeared  in  the  Parliament,  adhered  to  him ;  took  up 
Arms  with  him,  and  in  his  Caufe ;  and  I  believe 
Nobody  here  hath  forgot  how  much  Blood  and 
Treafure  this  Courfe  hath  coft  this  Nation  in  a  Ten- 
years  War  i  for  near  fo  long  hath  this  Party  of 

Men 


Of    ENGLAND.        51 

Men  held  up  their  Caufe  aforefaid,  againft  the  good 
People  of  this  Land,  by  an  open  War;  and  what 

Havock  hath  been  made  of  the  Lives  and  Eftates  of 

i  r»       •        i  i  •    <•¥->•  January. 

many  a  good  Patriot  during  this  Time,  is  yet  to  be 

lamented  ;  and  the  Lofs  of  your  Relations,  the 
Emptincfs  of  your  Purfes  exhaufled  in  this  War, 
the  ftgnal  Deliverances  which  God  hath  given  you, 
w.ll  not  fuffer  you  to  forget  what  our  Condition  had 
been,  if  we  had  been  given  up  into  the  Hands  of 
thefe  Men. 

*  Thefe  are  the  Men,  Sir,  this  is  the  old  Delin- 
quent, that  we  have  to  do  with  in  this  Bill. 

'  In  the  Management  of  this  War,  we  have  had 
many  Divifions  and  Subdivifions  amongft  ourfelves  : 
4  In  the  Church,  Prefbyterians,  Independents, 
Anabaptills  ;  in  the  State,  bad  Commonwealth's- 
mcn  ;  fuch  as  mercenary  Soldiers,  Lawyers,  Fifth 
Monarchy-men  ;  every  one  labouring  for  their  own 
Interefts ;  but  none  of  all  thefe  are  now  in  Queftion. 
Lut  'tis  the  old  Enemy;  Men  that  would  bring  irf 
the  Hierarchy  again,  and  with  it  Popery ;  Perfecution 
for  Confcience  Sake ;  bring  in  'I^yranny  over  our 
Perfons  and  Eftates ;  who  endeavoured  to  have  made 
the  Land  defolate,  rather  than  not  have  brought  this 
to  pafs  ;  brought  in  all  Manner  of  Profanenefs  and 
Debauchery:  I  wifti  we  do  not  forget  what  Manner 
of  Men  they  were.  We  did  all  once  agree  againft 
them,  and  I  hope  we  {hall  do  fo  again,  fo  long  as 
they  retain  their  old  Principles. 

*  I  fay,  the  worft  in  this  Bill  is,  to  make  thefe 
Men  pay  an  extraordinary  Tax  for  the  Support  of 
the  public  Charge. 

4  Aye,  but  'tis  faid  they  have  compounded ;  many 
of  them  have,  for  their  Delinquency;  and  they  have 
had  an  A61  of  Oblivion;  and  are  now,  in  Juftice,  to 
be  looked  upon  as  the  reft  of  the  Nation  f 

4  That  fure  is  not  hard  to  anfwer.  Their  Com- 
pofition  was  but  for  what  they  had  done  :  Sure  it 
was  not  for  all  they  mould  do.  The  Pardon  was 
but  of  Offences  part  ;  it  was  not  like  the  Pope's 
Pardons,  that  are  of  all  Sins  committed,  and  to  be 
committed  •>  fo  that  if  they  be  guilty  of  new  Offen- 

D    2  CCo, 


52       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Tnter-regnum.  ces,  it  is  juft  to  fubject  them  to  new  Penalties ;  and 

1656.        they  to  be  dealt  with,  as  if  they  had  made  no  Com- 

*~T~*~  ~~*  portion,  nor  had  any  fuch  Pardon  granted  them. 

But  then  the  greater  Queftion  is,  What  thefe  Men 

have  done,  which  may  juftly  cancel  their  former 

Grants ;  and  how  this  comes  to  be  a  common  Cafe; 

if  forne  of  them  have  offended,  muft  all  fufferf 

'  In  Anfwer  to  this,  I  would  premife  two  Things: 

1.  '  The  Queftion  is  not  about  Confifcation  of 
Life  and  Eftate,  which  the  former  War  fubjected- 
them  to;  and  which,  without  their  Compofition  or 
Pardon,  might  have  been  inflicted ;  that  Offence  was 
capital ;  but  it  is  only,  whether  they  (hall  pay  fome- 
what  more  to  the  public  Charge,  than  thofe  that 
have  been  of  the  other  Party  ? 

2.  '  Exception   is   propounded  to   thofe,    who 
cither  have  or  (hall  give  Evidence  of  their  having 
forfaken  their  former  Intereft. 

4  The  Onus  probandi  is  put  orr  their  Side,  and  ma- 
ny have  had  the  Fruit  of  this :  His  Highnefs  and  the 
Council,  having  had  good  Satisfaction  concerning 
jnany  of  them,  have  difcharged  their  Decimation  ; 
and  I  fuppofe  this  Bill  is  not,  or  ought  to  be,  to  reach 
to  thefe ;  fo  that  the  Queftion  will  not  be  of  every 
individual  Man,  but  of  fuch  only  as  have  not  nor 
can  give  any  Teftimony  of  their  having  changed 
their  Interefts  and  Principles;  on  the  contrary,  have 
given  a  juft  Ground  of  Sufpicion  that  they  do  retain 
them. 

*  For  thofe  who  have  actually  had  a  Hand  in- 
defigning,  contriving,  acting,  or  abetting  in  the 
late  Infurrection,  and  can  be  convicted  thereof  by 
Teftimony,  that  is  under  another  Confideration, 
and  will  not  be  pertinent  to  be  fpoke  of  under  this 
Head. 

4  Then  to  anfvver  that  Queftion,  What  have  they 
tlone  ?  It's  true,  there  was  an  Infurrection,  and 
of  fome  of  the  Party,  Wagftaffe^  Wtlmott,  &c.  but 
are  all  therefore  to  be  punimed  ?  What  hath  the 
•whole  Party  done  ?  This  I  would  fay,  in  general, 
that  the  old  Delinquent  Party  have  not  only  the 
fame  Intention^  that  they  had,  when  they  were  in 

open 


O/*   ENGLAND.       53 

open  Arms,  and  notorioufly  manifefted  it  to  the  inter-regnum, 
Confciences  of  all  Men  who  will  confider  it,  but  lfirfi 
they  do  retain  their  old  Principles,  and  ftill  adhere 
to  their  former  Intereft  (what  that  is  I  have  fpoke 
before);  and  have  been  all  along  hatching  newDi- 
Iturbances,  to  trouble  the  Peace  of  the  State  :  And 
although  the  Teftimonies  do  not  extend  to  fuch  a 
Proof 'as  is  necetfary  to  a  legal  Conviction,  ^et  fo 
much  is  known  of  the  Actions  and  Converfation  of 
the  whole  Party,  as  may  fatisfy  any  indifferent  Man, 
(efpecially  a  State,  who  ought  rather  to  be  too 
jealous  than  too  fecure)  that  they  were  generally  in- 
volved in  the  late  Defign  ;  and  ought,  in  Reafon, 
to  have  the  Charge  laid  upon  them. 

'  To  evince  that,  take  a  View  of  this  Party  ever 
fmce  the  Battle  of  Worcefter.  There  you  knov/ 
their  Hopes  were  broken  ;  and  the  Lives  and  Eftates 
of  that  whole  Party,  in  the  Three  Nations,  fubjectetl 
to  your  Power.  What,  Doth  the  Parliament  apply 
themfelves  to  heal  and  cement,  and  to  take  away 
the  Seeds  of  Divifion  ?  Hence  it  is,  that  not  only 
JufHce  is  done  them  all,  but  an  Act  of  Grace  is 
granted  to  them,  and  that  by  the  Government. 
What  do  they  meditate  ?  The  Overthrow  of  thofe, 
\vhofe  Favour  they  were,  by  the  Providence  of  God, 
compelled  to  feek  ;  for,  from  that  very  Day,  untHl 
the  late  Infurrection  broke  forth,  they  have  been  m 
Agitation  of  ill  Defigns.4 

Notwithftanding  the  Arguments  alledged,  by  the  which 
Secretary  of  State,  in  favour  of  this  Bill  "for  levying  is  rejected  by  the 
a  Tax  upon  the  Royalifts;  yet  there  being  a  ftrongjj^. f  own 
Sufpicion  m  the  Houfe,  that  the  real  Tendency  Relations, 
thereof  was  to  fupport  and  increafe  the  Authority  of 
the  Major-Generals,  it  met  with  great  Oppofition. 
Thefe  Officers  had  Bafhaw'd  it  to  fo  high  a  Degree, 
as  to  give  Offence  to  the  whole  Nation  :  Cromwell^ 
fenfible  of  this,  and  having  already  ferved  his  ovrn 
Ends  by  them,  the  principal  of  which  was  to  influ- 
ence the  Elections  for  this  Parliament ;  and  begin- 
ning to  be  jealous  of  their  growing  Power,  deter- 
mined to  gratify  the  Defircs  of  the  People  by  laying 
D  3  them 


54       ¥he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

|ijter-r?pnim.  them  afide ;  and  accordingly,  foon  after,  the  Of- 
?656-        free  and  JurifdicYion  of  thefe  Major-Generals  were 

^rrT**~~^  wholly  abolifhed. — This  accounts  for  the  Oppoft- 
tion  made  to  the  Bill  by  Cromwell's  own  Family. 
We  find  that  his  Son  in-Law,  Cleypole,  in  the  De- 
bate thereupon,  told  the  Houfe,  *  That  he,  being 
young  in  Bufmefs,  could  only  {tart  the  Game;  and 
muft  leave  thofe,  who  had  more  Experience,  to  fol- 
low the  Chace  :  That  therefore  he  fhould  only  fay, 
That  he  had,  formerly,  thought  it  neceflary,  in  re- 
fpe6t  to  the  Condition  in  which  the  Nation  had 
been,  that  the  Major-Generals  fhould  be  intruded 
with  the  Authority  which  they  had  exercifed  ;  but, 
in  the  prefent  State  of  Affairs,  he  conceived  it  in- 
•confiftent  with  the  Laws  of  England,  and  Liberties 
of  the  People,  to  continue  their  Power  any  longer/ 
Eotchr^  one  of  the  Major-Generals,  having  fpoke 
in  favour  of  himfelf  and  his  Brethren,  Col.  Henry 
Cromwell,  the  Protector's  Nephew,  took  him  up 
very  fmartly^  faying,  *  He  obfervcd  that  many  Gen- 
tlemen, and  particularly  the  laft,  feem'd  to  think  it 
juft  that,  becaufe  fome  of  the  Cavaliers  had  done 

amifs,  therefore  all  ftiould  be  punifhed. By  the 

fame  Argument,  fays  the  Colonel,  becaufe  fome  of 
the  Major-Geiierals  have  acted  unjuflly  and  againft 
Law,  which  I  will  undertake  to  prove,  all  of  them 
deferve  to  be  puniflied.' — Hereupon  Major  General 
Kelfey  call'd  To  Order ;  and  defiled  that  thofe  who 
had  done  wrong  mi^ht  be  named.  Col.  Cromwell^ 
•with  great  Spirit  and  Refolution,  feconded  the  Mo- 
tion ;  and  begg'd  Leave  of  the  Houfs,  that  he 
rnight  nam?  the  Offenders ;  and  was  fupported, 
herein,  by  Mr.  James  Ajhe.  But  this  was  over- 
ruled, as  the  Journals  inform  us,  left  it  fhould  in- 
terrupt the  main  Bufmefs  of  the  Houfe  :  However, 
cm  the  28th  of  this  Month,  the  Debate  was  re- 
iumcd  ;  and  there  appearing  a  general  Refentment 
a^ainft  the  Bill,  the  Major- Generals  Party  would 
have  dropp'd  the  Debate  for  the  prefent  j  but  this 
was  over- ruled,  by  a  Majority  of  128  againft  50. 
And,  the  next  Day,  a  Motion  for  the  fecond  Read- 
jng  pf  the  Bill  having  pafled  in  the  Negative,  by 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         55 

121  againil  78,  it  was  refolvecl,  by  124  againft  88,  inter-wgnura 
that  the  fame  be  rejected.  1656 

The  Writer  of  the  Letters  '  from  whence  we  ^^J^" 
have  extracted  our  Account  of  the  foregoing  De- 
bate, and  who  was  himfelf  a  Member  of  this  Par- 
liament, informs  us,  *  That  the  rejecting  of  this 
Bill,  which  feems  to  have  been  effected  principally 
by  the  Opposition  made  to  it  by  fome  of  the  Pro- 
tector's own  Family,  gave  great  Difgufl  to  the  Ma- 
jor-Generals, and  the  Behaviour  of  Col.  Cromwell 

more  particularly  fo.' '  Harry  Crvrmvell^    fays 

he,  bcin«  threatened,  by  the  Major-Generals  Par- 
ty, that  the  Protector  would  and  did  take  ill  what 
he  had  fpoke  in  the  Houfe,  went  direclly  to  his 
Highnefs,  and  ftood  to  what  he  had  faid  manfully 
and  wifely  :  And,  to  make  it  appear  that  he  fpoke 
not  without  Book,  had  his  black  Book  and  Papers 
ready  to  make  good  what  he  had  aflerted.  His 
Highnefs  anfwered  him  in  Raillery,  took  a  rich, 
Scarlet  Cloak  from  his  Back,  and  Gloves  from  his 
Hands,  and  gave  them  to  Harry,  who  Strutted  with 
his  new  Cloak  and  Gloves  in  the  Houfe,  the  next 
Day;  to  the  great  Satisfaction  and  Delight  of  fome, 
and  Trouble  of  others.' 

This  public  Affront  thus  put  upon  the  Major- 
Generals,  contributed,  perhaps,  not  a  little  to  their 
Oppofition,  foon  after,  to  the  Propofal  for  making 
cf  Cromwell  King;  and  probably  was  an  equal  in- 
ducement to  fome  of  the  Cavalier  Party  in  the 
Houfe,  to  vote  for  his  Advancement  to  the  Crown, 

But  not  to  anticipate  Matters  too  much,  we  (hall 
return  to  the  Journals. 

February.  This  Month  began  with  Debates  upon 
Ways  and  Means  \o  raife  Money  for  the  Spani/b A  Grant  of 
War;  which  were  carried  on,  de  Die  in  Diem%  '^^^L 
a  Grand  Committee  of  the  whole  Houfe,  till  the  WaVwhh 
yth,  when  the  Report  being  made,  it  was  refolved, • 
•  That,  towards  raifing  400,000  /.    voted  by  the 
Houfe,  there  be  an  Afleflment,  for  three  Months, 

9   through- 

t  Mr.  Vincent  Gsokin,  one  of  the  Members  for  Inland, 

2A«r/«,  Vol.  VI.  p.  20  j  37,8. 


56       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  throughout  England,  to  commence  the  25th  of 
1656,  March  next,  after  the  Rate  of  60,000  /.  per  Men- 

*-— v— — '  Jem:  That  15,000 /.  be  raifed,  by  Afleflment,  in 
Fe  ruary.  Scotland,  and  2O,OOO  /.  in  Ireland,  to  be  paid  in  be- 
fore the  24th  of  June  next.'  Then  it  was  farther 
refolved,  *That  it  be  referred  to  the  Grand  Com- 
inittee  appointed  to  prepare  a  Bill  in  purfuance  of 
the  foregoing  Votes,  to  confider  of  a  Claufe  in  the 
Preamble,  or  other  Part  thereof,  for  aflerting  the 
Rights  of  the  People,  That  no  Monies  ought  to  be 
levied  without  common  Confent  in  Parliament.' 

The  laft  Refolution  feems  to  have  been  diftafte- 
ful  to  the  Protector  and  his  Council ;  for  we  find 
that,  on  the  loth  of  this  Month,  the  faid  Refolu- 
tion being  read  again  in  the  Houfe,  and  the  Que- 
ftion  put,  That  Leave  be  given  to  the  Members  to 
fpeak  again  concerning  this  Vote,  the  Houfe  divided, 
when  it  was  carried  in  the  Affirmative,  by  82  againft 
53.  The  Serjeant  at  Arms  was  then  fent  to  fum- 
mon  all  the  Members  in  IVeJlminfter-Hall,  to  at- 
tend the  Service  of  the  Houfe;  and,  after  Debate, 
the  Queftion  being  again  put,  That  the  Grand 
Committee  appointed  to  prepare  the  Bill  for  the 
Afleflment  of  6o,ooo/.  for  three  Months,  and  other 
Sums,  towards  the  raifing  of  400,000  /.  for  carry- 
ing on  the  Spanijh  War,  do  prepare  and  bring  in 
the  fame  without  inferting  the  Claufe  directed  by 
the  Vote  of  the  yth  Inftant  in  that  Bill,  it  patted  in 
the  Affirmative,  by  132  againft  46.  But,  at  the 
fame  Time,  it  was  agreed  that  that  Claufe  be  put  in 
a  Bill  for  the  Settlement  of  the  ordinary  Revenue : 
So  that  the  Matter  was  not  made  much  more  plea- 
fing  to  the  Protector  and  his  Council  by  this  Alte- 
ration. 

Mr.  WlitlocJte        Mr.  Whithcke  having  acled  as  Speaker,  for  fome 

receives  the       Time,  during  the  Indifpofition  of  Sir  Thomas  Wtd- 

Thanksof  the  Jrington,  on  the   i8th  of    this  Month  the  Houfe 

'  voted  him  their  Thanks  for  his  great  Services  in  that 

Station,  aod  alfo  in  the  Capacity  of  Ambafiador  to 

Sweden :  They  likewife  ordered  the  Commiifioners 

of 


Of    E  N  G  L  A-N  D.        57 

of  the  Treafury  to  pay  him  500 /.  due  on  account 
of  that  Embafly,  and  2OOO/.  more  as  a  Gratuity  for 
his  faithful  Conduit  therein. 


February. 


Hitherto  there  is  nothing  elfe  particular  in  the  Af-Thc  parijarnent 
fairs  of  this  Month  ;   but  that,   on   the   I9th,  the  dine  with  the 
Speaker  acquainted  the  Houfe,  That  the  Lord  Pro-Lofd  Pr°tcft°* 
te&or  had  invited  all  the  Members  to  dine  with  him,at  Wbltt  af' 
at  the  Banq uetti ng- Houfe  in   Whitehall^  the   next 
Day,  being  the  public  Thankfgiving  for  the  happy 
Deliverance  of  his  Highnefs's  Perfon  from  the  late 
dangerous  and  bloody  Defign  of  Aflaflination,  by 
the  Difcovery  of  Synder combe's  Plot.     The  Parlia- 
ment accepted  the  Invitation;  when,  as  our  Autho- 
rity exprefles  it  ",  '  The  Lord  Protector  gave  them 
a  moft  Princely  Entertainment,   attended  with  rare 
Mufic,    both  of  Inftruments   and   Voices.'     This 
Compliment  was  fo  well  relifhed  by  the  Houfe, 
that  they  were  determined  not  to  be  behind-hand 
with  his  Highnefs  in  point  of  Complaifance.     Ac- 
cordingly, 

Feb.  23.  Alderman  Pact,  one  of  the  Reprefen-  Alderman  P«rf 
tativrs  of  the  City  of  London^  after  taking  Notice  topiopofestomalw 
the  Houfe  of  the  unfettled  State  of  the  Nation 
this  Time,  and  the  Difcompofure  of  Men's  Minds, 
with  the  ill  Afpeft  thefe  had  upon  foreign  Princes, 
Trade  and  Commerce,  moved  that  the  Lord  Pro- 
tedtor  might  be  defired  to  aiTume  the  Title  of  King, 
as  the  belt  known  and  moft  agreeable  Kind  of  Go- 
vernment to  the  Englijh  People  :  He  then  prefented 
to  the  Speaker  a  Paper,  declaring  it  to  be  fomewhat 
come  to  his  Hand,  tending  to  the  Settlement  of  the 
Nation,  and  of  Liberty  and  Property,  which  he  defi- 
red might  be  received  and  read  x.  This  Motion  oc- 

cafioned 

u  The  Public  Initlligencrr,  N°.  7 1 ,  in  which  may  be  found  a  par- 
ticular Narrative  of  Syndcrcombe's  Plot. 

*  Thh  Alderman  Pack  was  Lord  Mayor  of  the  City  of  London,  ia 
16155,  and  was  then  knighted  by  Cromwell,  He  is  charged,  by  Hif- 
tori.ms,  with  embezzlijrig  the  Charity-Money  coileclcd  for  the  Relief 
of  the  poor  Proteftants  \nPiedntent\  and  alfo  with  being  fevcral  Thou- 
fand  Pound*  in  Arrear  to  the  Excife,  in  which  Office  he  was  a  Commif- 
fioacr.  It  is  added,  That  ail  thefe  Sins  were  forgiven  him  by  Oom- 


58       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

fioned  a  great  Debate ;  but,  at  length,  it  was  re- 
.      _    folved   in  the  Affirmative,  by   a  Majority  of  144 
March.       Voices  againft  54,  and  the  Paper  was  read  accord- 
ingly, intituled,  The  humble  Addrefs  and  Remon- 
ftrance of  the  Knights,  Citizens,  and  Rurgeffes  now 
ajjenihled  in  the  Parliament  of  this  Commonwealth.  ? 
The  next  Day  the  Debate  was  refumed  ;  when  it 
was  icfolved,  on  a  Divifion  of  100  againft  44,  that 
the  faid  Remonftrance  be  read  in  Parts,  beginning  at 
the  firft  Article  after  the  Preamble.    It  was  alfo  or- 
Which  is  agreed  dered,  '  That  all  the  Members  fhould  conftantly  at- 
to.by  thcHoufe.tend  the  Service  of  the  Houfe,  and  not  depart  with- 
out Leave :  And  the  25th  of  this  Month  was  ap- 
pointed to  be  fet  apart  to  feek  the  Lord  for  his  Di- 
rection in  this  important  Bufmefs.' 

March.  The  Addrefs  and  Remonftrance  above- 
mentioned,  engaged  the  Attention  of  the  Parliament 
almoft  every  Day  this  Month.  Many  Additions 
and.  Alterations  were  made  in  it,  but  none  of  them 
fignificant  enough  to  mention  here,  except  that,  on 
the  26th,  they  refolved  to  give  it  a  new  arid  more 
moderate  Name,  by  ftyling  it  only  The  humble  Pe- 
tition and  Advice,  &c. 

The  next  Day  it  was  ordered  that  the  Speaker, 
attended  by  all  the  Members,  mould  prefent  it  to 
the  Lord  Protestor ;  and,  at  the  fame  Time,  fhew 
the  Grounds  and  Reaforis  inducing  them  to  oft'er  it. 
Then  a  Committee  was  appointed  to  acquaint  him, 

*  That 

•icifll,  in  ConfiJeration  of  his  undertaking  to  make  this  bold  Propo- 
fal  to  the  Houfe.  HeatISs  Chronicle,  p.  386. 

Narrative  of  this  Parliament,  before  cited,  p.  17, 

Mr.  Ludhtu  writes,  '  That  a  Piopofal  of  this  Nature  had  been 

made  before  by  Col.  'Jefbfon,  but  was  laid  afide  upon  the  firft  Men- 

'  tion  of  it ;  and  that  Cromwell,  to  reward  his  good  Intentions,  fent 

him  Ambaffador  to  Sweden. There  is  no  Notice  taken  in  the 

Journals  of  any  Motion  of  this  Kind  but  Alderman  Pack's.  How- 
ever, Jepbfcn  did  vote  for  Cramiveirs  being  King,  as  appears  by  the 
foregoing  Lift  of  the  Parliament,  p.  23,  and  was  actually  fent  to 
Sweden  in  the  Capacity  Mr.  Ludloia  mentions. 

y  Mr.  Wbithcke  informs  us,  That  this  Addrefs  was  intended  to 
have  been  offered  to  the  Houfe  by  himfclf ;  and  that  he  declined  it, 
as  not  liking  feveral  Things  contained  therein  5  but  Sir  Cbrijhpher 
faiky  to  gain  Honour,  prefentcd  it  firft  to  the  Houfe. 

Memorials,  p.  647. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       59 

'  That  the  Houfe  having  Occafion  to  wait  upon  him,   inter-regnunu 

on  fome  important  Affairs,  they  defired  he  would        1657. 

name  a  Time  and  Place  for  that  Purpofe.    The  31  ft    v. — v— *•* 

of  this  Month  being  appointed  accordingly,  at  the       March. 

Banquet  ting- Houfe  y  Whitehall,  the  Speaker  and  the 

whole  Houfe  went  up  thither  with  their  Petition  ; 

where  the  Lord  Protector,  attended  by  the  Prefi- 

dent  of  the  Council,  and  other  Officers  of  Stare, 

were  aflembled.     After  a  learned  Speech  made  to 

his  Highnefs  by  Mr.  Speaker,  he  prefented,  in  the 

Name  of  the  Parliament,  the  faid  humble  Petition 

and  Advice:  Which  was  read  by  Henry  Scohell,  Efq-, 

the  Clerk  :  And  that  being  done,  his  Highnefs  gave 

Anfwer  thereto  to  this  Effect  *  *  *  *. 

Thus  far  the  Journals : But  they  leave  us  at  a 

Lofs  as  to  the  Refult  of  this  Meeting.  The  Hiatus, 
however,  is,  in  fome  Mcafure,  fupplicd  by  one  of  J"rJje^.57^Jhe 
the  Diaries  of  thefe  Times  z,  which  informs   us.  Lord  Protetfor 
'  That  the  Speaker  took  this  Occafion  to  commend  the  Parliament^ 
the  Title  and  Office  of  a  King,  in  this  Nation,  for  JjJjJ^^J" 
Several  Reafons  ;  as  that  a  King  firft  fettled  Chrifti-  famc  the  Title 
anity  in  this  Iflund  :  That  the  Title  had  been  longof  King, 
received  and  approved  by  our  Anceftors,  who,  by 
Experience,  found  it  to  be  confident  with  their  Li- 
berties :  That  it  was  a  Title  beft  known  to  our 
Laws,  moft  agreeable  to  our  Conftitution,  and  to 
the  Temper  of  the  Englijb  People :  And  that  thefe 
Things  he  made  evident,  at  large,  by  divers  grave 
and  weighty  Arguments. 

4  Afterwards  he  proceeded  to  open  the  Senfeof  the 
Parliament  upon  the  fevcral  other  Particulars  con- 
tained in  that  Writing,  which  they  came  to  prcfent 
to  his  Highnefs,  in  order  to  the  Settlement  of  the 
Three  Nations.' 

'  In  Return  to  this  the  Lord  Protector,  after  an  Crctmoell  <kftres 
engroffed  Copy  of  the  Petition  had  been  prefented  to  Tirne  to  feclt 
him,  was  pleafed  to  deliver  himfelf  in  a  Speech,  ex-  pod  forCoun- 

/r  i       /-  n-  /"«         •  A  r    *c'  thoeupon. 

prefling  very  much  of  Piety,  Gravity,  and  good  Af- 
fection to  the  Parliament  and  People  of  thefe  Na- 
tions. 

•  He  obferved  that  the  Welfare,  Peace,  an,l  Settle- 
ment 

»  Mercurius  Pititicut,  N°.  355. 


60       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Into-regnum.  ment  of  Three  Nations,  and  all  the  richTreafure  of 

^  J^jL'  w  the  beft  People  of  the  World  being  involved  therein, 

March.       ^  ought -to  beget  in  him  the  greateft  Reverence  and 

Fear  of  God,  that  ever  poireflcd  any  Man  upon 

Earth;  with  feveral  other  Expreflions  intimating  his 

Fear  and  Reverence  before  the  Almighty,  upon  this 

fo  great  and  folemn  an  Occafion. 

'  That  among  all  the  Burdens  which  God  had 
laid  upon  him,  he,  to  his  Comfort,  had  found  the 
good  Hand  of  God  aflifting  him,  when  he  knew  not 
which  Way  to  ftand  under  their  Weight,  but  by 
looking  up  to  his  good  Pleafure  contained  therein. 

'  That,  before  he  came  to  any  Refolution,  his 
Intent  was,  firft,  to  feek  God,  who  had  been  his 
Guide  hitherto,  to  have  an  Anfwer  put  into  his 
Heart. 

'  That  if  he  fhould  enter  upon  fuch  a  Work  as 
this  without  due  Confideration,  to  pleafe  Humours 
that  are  of  this  World ;  without  feeking  fuch  an  An- 
fwer from  God  as  might  prove  a  Ble  fling  to  the 
Perfon  ufed,  and  make  up  the  noble,  worthy,  and 
honeft  Intentions  of  thofe  that  had  prepared  and  ef- 
fected the  Work,  it  would  feem  to  proceed  from 
Luft  and  Arguments  of  Self;  and  that,  mould  his 
Motives  be  fuch,  the  Iflue  might  prove  fad  to  them 
and  the  Three  Nations,  who,  he  believed,  intended 
well  in  this  Bufinefs ;  and  had  none  but  honeft  and 
fincere  Ends  therein,  as  the  Glory  of  God,  the  Good 
of  the  People,  and  the  Rights  of  thefe  Nations. 

«  That  therefore,  fmce  they  had  made  fuch  a  Pro- 
grefs  in  the  Work,  he  defired  fome  fhort  Time  to 
afk  Counfel  of  God  and  his  own  Heart:  Arid  he 
hoped  that  neither  the  Humours  of  any  weak  or  un- 
wiie  People,  nor  the  Defires  of  any  who  might  have 
a  Lufting  after  Things  that  were  not  good,  mould 
fleer  him  to  any  other  Anfwer  but  what  might  be 
ingenuous,  and  for  the  Good  of  thole  that  he  and 
they  ferved,  and  were  made  to  ferve.  And  con- 
cluded, That  as  the  Thing  well  deferved  the  utmoft 
Deliberation,  fo  he  mould  think  himfelf  bound  to 
give  as  fpeedy  an  ArUwer  as  he  could.' 

Thefe 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       61 

«  Thefe,  fays  our  Journalift,  are  only  fome  {hort  Intcr-regnunr» 
Heads  of  what  was  much  more  copioufly  and  ele- 
gantly fpoken,  by  his  Highnefs,  to  the  Parliament,    U"^v,^ 
with  that  Majefty  and  Authority,  which  appeared 
moft  eminent  in  all  his  public  Actions  ;  in  the  Re- 
petition whereof  he  had  only  to  crave  Pardon,  left 
he  had  been  injurious  to  the  Dignity  of  fo  wife  and 
fo  ferene  a  Perlbn.' 

Obferving  only,  from  the  Style  of  the  foregoing 
Extracts,  That  Tyrants  never  want  Flatterers,  we 
return  to  the  Journals  of  the  Houfe,  which  inform 
us,  That 


The  Protector  fent  a  Letter  to  the 
Speaker,  defiring  the  Houfe  to  appoint  a  Committee 
to  attend  him  that  Day  at  Whitehall;  which  being 
done  accordingly,  on  the  next  the  Lord-Commif- 
fioner  JVbitlocke  reported  from  them,  That  they 
had  waited  on  his  Highnefs,  according  to  the  Order 
of  the  Houfe,  and  that  he  expreffed  himfelf  to  the 
Committee  to  this  Effect  *  *  *  *. 

Here  is  another  Hiatus  in  the  Journals;  the  more 
to  be  regretted,  fmce  we  have  it  not  in  our  Power  to 
fupply  the  Deficiency  from  any  of  the  Contemporary 
Authorities  :  And  we  can  only  fuppofe,  that  the  Pro- 
tector gave  the  Committee  fome  Reafons  agaimt 
their  Offer  of  making  him  King  ;  and  defired  them 
to  carry  their  Petition  and  Advice  back  to  the  Houfe 
for  Amendment  ;  becaufe  the  next  Day  they  fell  into 
Debate  on  this  Matter  ;  and  a  Queftion  being  pro- 
pofed,  That  this  Houfe  doth  adhere  td  their  humble 
•Petition  and  Advice,  prefented  to  his  Highnefs  the 
Lord  Protector,  it  was  refolved  in  the  Affirmative, 
by  a  Majority  of  78  againft  65  :  But  at  the  fame 
Time  it  was  ordered,  '  That  the  prefent  Debate 
fhould  be  adjourned  to  their  next  Meeting,  to  be 
entered  on  the  firft  Bufmefs,  and  nothing  elfe  to 
intervene.'  Accordingly, 

On  the  yth,  the  Debate  was  renewed  in  the 
Houfe  i  when  we  find  that  they  ftill  adhered  to  their 

laft 


6 2       ¥he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  laft  Vote,  and  appointed  another,  and  a  more  riu- 
*657«        merous,  Committee  to  attend  the  Lord  Protector 
^""""""^T  — '  with  the  following  Refolution  :   c  That  the  Parlia- 
ment having  lately  prefented  their  humble  Petition 
The  Houfe  ap-  an^  Advice  to  his  Highnefs,  whereunto  they  had  not 
point  a  Commit- as  yet  icceived  Satisfaction  ;  and  the  Matters  con- 
tee  to  wait  on    tained  in  that  Petition  and  Advice  being  agreed  up- 
fwer-  n"on  by  the  Great  Council  and  Reprefentative  of  the 

Three  Nations ;  and  which,  in  their  Judgments, 
were  moft  conducing  to  the  Good  of  the  People 
thereof,  both  in  their  Spiritual  and  Civil  Concern- 
ments ;  they  therefore  thought  fit  to  adhere  thereto, 
and  to  put  his  Highnefs  in  Mind  of  the  great  Obli- 
gation which  refted  upon  him,  in  refpect  of  that 
Advice ;  and  again  to  defire  him  to  give  his  Aflent 
thereunto.' 

The  next  Day  the  Parliament,  in  a  Body,  attend- 
ed the  Lord  Protector  in  the  Eanquetting- Houfe  at 
Whitehall,  when  the  Speaker  prefented  to  him  the 
foregoing  Refolution.     His  Anfwer  on  that  Occa- 
But  he  de.lres  flon  js   not  enterec}  jn  t|)e  Journals;  but  the  laft 

further  Time,  .   A       .       .  .    r  TM        t  •     rr- 

and  raifes  many  Clted  Authority  a  informs  us,  I  hat  his  Highnefs  was 
.        pleafed  to  make  a  Return  by  a  Speech,  with  his 
wonted  Piety,  Wifdom,  and  Moderation,  to  the 
following  Effect : 

4  That  no  Man  could  put  a  greater  Value  than 
he  did,  and  always  fhould  do,  upon  theDefires  and 
Advice  of  the  Parliament;  readily  acknowledging, 
that  it  was  the  Advice  of  the  Parliament  of  thefe 
Three  Nations. 

*  That  he  looked  upon  the  Things  advifed  to,  in 
the  general  Notion  of  them,  as  tending  to  the  Set- 
tlement of  the  chiefeft  Things  that  could  fall  into 
the  Hearts  of  Men  to  defire  or  endeavour  after;  and 
this  at  fuch  a  Time,  when  the  Nation  was  big  with 
Expectation  of  any  Thing  that  might  add  to  their 
better  Being;  and  therefore  that  he  muft  needs  put 
a  very  high  Efteem  upon,  and  have  a  very  reverend 
Opinion  of,  any  Thing  that  came  from  them  j  and 

that 

»  Mercuriui  PeHiicus,  N°.  356, 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       63 

that  fo  he  hath  had  of  that  Inftrument  prefented  to  later- regnum. 

him,  as  he  had  already  exprefled  himfelf;  and  that 

what  he  exprerted  had  been  from  a  very  honeft  Heart 

toward  the  Parliament  and  Public,  which  (he  faid) 

he  (pake  not  to  compliment  them,  being  part  all 

Confederations  of  that  Kind,  feeing  both  himfelf  and 

the  Parliament  muft  be  real  now,  if  ever. 

4  That  in  this  Bufinefs  they  laid  a  Burden  upon^a 
Man  confcious  of  his  own  Infirmities  and  Difabili- 
ties  ;  ami  therefore  he  hoped  that  it  would  be  no 
Evil  in  him  to  meafure  their  Advice  and  his  own  In- 
firmities, feeing  thcfe  would  have  fome  Influence 
upon  Confcience ;  Confcience  in  him  that  receives 
Talents,  to  know  how  he  might  anfwer  the  Truft 
of  them  :  That  he  hath  had,  and  ftill  hath,  fuch  a 
Confcience  ;  and  therefore  that  when  he  thought  he 
had  had  an  Opportunity,  lately,  to  make  an  Anfwer, 
he  made  that  Anfwer;  being  a  Perfon  that  had  been 
before,  and  then,  and  fmce,  lifting  up  his  Heart  to 
God,  to  know  what  might  be  his  Duty  at  fuch  a 
Time  as  this,  and  upon  fuch  an  Occafion  and  Trial 
as  this  was  to  him.  ' 

'  That  he  knew  great  Place,  great  Authority,  to 
be  a  great  Burden ;  and  that  he  knew  a  Man  who 
was  convinced,  in  his  Confcience,  that  nothing  lefs 
would  enable  him  to  the  Difcharge  of  it,  than  Af~ 
fiftance  from  above ;  and  that  it  concerned  fuch  a 
Perfon,  fo  convinced  and  fo  perfuaded,  to  be  right 
with  the  Lord  in  fuch  an  Undertaking.  And  that 
if  he  undertook  any  Thing  not  in  Faith,  he  might 
ferve  them  in  his  own  Unbelief,  and  fo  be  the  un- 
profitableft  Servant  that  ever  a  People  or  a  Nation 
had. 

'  That  he  defired  Leave  therefore  to  afk  Coun- 
fcl,  being  ready  to  render  a  Reafon  of  his  own  Ap- 
prehenfions,  which,  haply,  might  be  overfwayed  by 
better  Apprehenfions. 

4  That  as  to  the  Point  of  Liberty,  he  acknow- 
ledged they  had  made  Provifion  for  it,  both  Spiri- 
tual and  Civil ;  the  greateit  Proviiion  that  ever  was 
made. 

•That 


64       ?#<?  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter- rcgnum.       '  That  himfelf  defired  Liberty  to  vent  his  own 

1657.        Doubts,  and  his  own  Fears  and  Scruples,  though 

^-""V""1  "^  haply,  in  fuch  Cafes  as  thefe  were,  the  World  had 

Ai"  '       judged  that  a  Man's  Confcience  ought  to  know  no 

Scruple;  but  that  his  did;  and  that  he  durft  not 

diflemble ;  and  therefore  they  who  were  knowing 

in  the  Ground  of  their  own  Actions,  would  beft  be 

able  to  meafure  Advice  to  others. 

'  That  there  were  many  Things  in  that  Inftru- 
jnent,  befides  that  one  of  the  Name  and  Title  of 
King)  which  required  much  Information  as  to  his 
Judgment;  and  that  it  was  they,  and  none  but  they, 
that  could  capacitate  him  to  receive  Satisfaction  in 
them :  That  otherwife  he  muft  fay,  He  was  not  in- 
formed, and  fo  not  ac"led,  as  he  knew  they  intended 
he  fliould  be,  and  as  every  Man  in  the  Nation 
fhould  be. 

'  That  he  could  not  tell  what  other  Return  to 
make  to  them  than  this,  That  he  was  ready  to  give 
'  them  a  Reafon  if  they  would  capacitate  him  to  give 
it,  and  themfelves  to  receive  it,  and  to  do  that  in 
.  the  other  Things,  if  they  would  inform  him  a  little 
more  particularly  than  the  Vote  palTed  Yefterday, 
and  now  read  to  him  :  And  that  he  hoped,  when  he 
underftood  the  Grounds  of  thofe  Things,  the  whole 
being  not  fo  much  for  their  Good  and  his.own,  as 
for  the  Good  of  the  Nation,  there  would  be  no 
Doubt  but  that  they  might,  even  in  thofe  Particu- 
lars, find  out  fuch  Things  as  might  anfwer  their 
Duty,  his  own,  and  all  their  Duties,  to  thofe  whom 
they  both  ferved. 

*  That  this  was  what,  with  a  great  deal  of 
Affection,  Honour,  and  Refpeft,  he  offered  then 
unto  them.' 

A  Committee  On  the  gth,  the  Speaker  having  reported  the 
appointed  to  re-  Tranfa&ions  of  the  foregoing  Day,  it  was  refolved, 
ceive  his  Scru-  t  That  a  Committee  be  appointed  to  wait  on  the 
?es*  Lord  Protector,  and  to  receive  from  his  Highnefs 

his  Doubts  and  Scruples  touching  any  of  the  Parti- 
culars contained  in  the  humble  Petition  and  Advice 

for- 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         65 

formerly  prefented  ;  and,  in  Anfwer  thereunto,  to  Inter-recnum. 
offer  to  his  Highnefs  Reafons  for  his  Satisfaction,        l657- 
and  for  the  Maintenance  of  the  Refolutions  of  the    r~~*~T^ 
Houfe  :  And  fuch  Particulars  as  they  could  not  fa-  p 

tisfy  his  Highnefs  in,  to  report  to  the  Parliament.* 

In  purfuance  of  this  Order  the  Committee  waited 
on  the  Lord  Protestor,  but  were  put  off,  from  Day 
to  Day,  as  the  Journals  inform  us,  on  account  oj 
an  Indifpofition  of  Health  in  his  Highnefs,  and  by 
rcafon  of  a  new  Plot  juft  then  difcovered  againft 
himc;  fo  that  it  was  not  till  the  1 6th  that  they  were 
admitted  to  an  Audience.  The  principal  Speakers 
on  this  Occafion  were  the  two  Chief  Juftices, 
Glynne  and  St.  John,  Mr.  ffflutlffcJbtanc  of  the  Com- 
iniilioners  of  the  Treafury,  Mr.  Lijle  and  Mr.  Na- 
thaniel Plenties,  Commiffioners  of  the  Great  Seal, 
Lord  Brogbill,  Mr.  Lentball,  Mafter  of  the  Rolls, 
Sir  Charles  ff^otfe/ey^  Sir  Richard  Onflow ',  and  Col. 
Philip  Jones. 

VOL.  XXI.  E  The 

c  This  was  an  intended  Infurreftion  of  the  Fifth  MoAarcky-Mtn, 
heaJtd  by  Major- General  Harrifon,  Colonel  Rich,  Major  Dan-vers, 
and  Vice  Admiral  Laivfon,  who  were  taken  into  Cuftody  of  the  Ser- 
jeant at  Arms ;  and  for  the  Difcovery  of  this  Plot,  Secretary  Tbur- 
he  received  the  Parliament's  Thanks. 

•This  new.Secl  of  Enthufiafts  called  themfelvcs  The  Remnant  ivb* 
tad  -waited  for  the  blcJJ'cd  Appearance  and  Hope.  The  Device  of  their 
Standard,  which  was  brought  into  the  Houfe  by  the  Secretary,  was 
a  Lion  Couchant,  gules,  in  a  Field  argent ;  with  this  Motto,  I'/ko 
Jball  roufe  bim  up  f  Gen.  xlix.  9.  One  of  the  Perfons  that  had 
been  apprehended  on  this  Occafion,  being  afked  by  the  Speaker, 
What  was  meant  by  this  Lion  ?  anfwercd,  "  The  Lion  of  the  Tribe 
ofjudab"  This  Standard  they  filled  The  Banr.fr  that  God  bad  gi- 
ven to  bit  poor  f  tattered  People  :  They  invited  all  of  their  Opinion  to 
gather  together  into  one,  and  to  be  united  in  the  Work  ;  intending, 
with  Sword  in  Hand,  according  to  their  Light  and  Apprehenfion  of 
Things,  (as  they  declared  in  Print)  to  give  their  Judgment,  in  re- 
fpecl  of  Power,  Laws,  Government,  Exercife  of  Magiftracy,  Ad- 
tniniftrdtion  of  Juftice,  Rights  and  Privileges. 

'  And  ho  A-  they  intended  to  do  this,  they  fet  forth  in  thefe  feveral 
Particulars,  vix. 

1.  '  By  executing  Vengeance  upon  the  Beaft  and  the  falfe  Prophet, 
the  Kings  of  the  Earth  and  their  Armies  and  all  the  Inhabitants 
and  Powers  of  Btbjlon  j  which  Name  they  failCn'd  upon  all  Powers 
bcfide  their  own. 

2.  '  By  placing  the  Supreme  LcgiHative  Power  in  Cbrift. 

3.  '  By  crofting  a  Sanbedrnr,  fas  they  c.u'M  it)  or  a  S.-.'rem*  Coun- 
cflof  Men,  to  be  chofen  by  thenjfclvos,  to  b~  the  Rcprefentativc  of 
the  whole  Body  of  the  Saints,  on  the  Bchah  of  Cat  if,,  wiiofc  Pay 

they 


66       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter-regnum.      The  Arguments  offered  by  this  Committee,  witli 
1657.        the  Protestor's  Anfwers,  were  printed  at  this  Time  ; 
*— — v~-J     they  were  alfo  reprinted  in  April,   1660,  upon  the 
April.        t^gn  approaching  Reftitution   of  Monarchy,   and 
again  in  1680  and  1742,  but  all  extremely  incorrect. 
The  Journals,  of  the  I5th  of  this  Month,  help  us  to 
account  for  this  unlucky  Circumftance,  by  informing; 
us,  That  the  Committee's  Notes  not  being  perfectly 
tranfcribed,  they  prayed  further  Time  for  that  Pur- 
tLod    Pofe'     We  flla11  therefore  endeavour  to  fupply  this 
Proteftor  there-  Deficiency  in  the  beft  Manner  we  are  able  j    and 
upon.  where  any  of  Cromwell's  Speeches,  on  this  Occa- 

fion,  are  entered  in  the  Journals,  or  the  authentic 
Diaries  of  the  Times,  give  them  from  thofe  Autho- 
rities. 

Having  premifed  thus  much,  we  proceed  to  the 
Matter  of  the  Debate,  which  was  opened  by  Mr. 
Whitlocke,  Chairman  of  the  Committee,  to  this 
Effed: 

May  it  pleafe  your  Highnefs, 

Wr.  JWtitkcke,  <  I  underftand  that,  by  Order  of  the  Parliament, 
this  Committee  are  tied  up  to  receive  only  what  your 
Highnefs  (hall  be  pleafed  to  offer,  as  to  your  Doubts 
or  Scruples  upon  this  Paper  :  The  very  Words  of 
the  Order  are,  That  the  Committee  have  Power  to 
attend  your  Highnefs,  to  receive  from  your  Highnefs 
your  Doubts  and  Scruples  touching  any  of  the  Particu- 
lars contained  in  the  humble  Petition  and  Advice,  for- 
merly prefented ;  and,  in  Anfwer  thereunto,  to  offer 

to 

they  faid,  was  now  come  ;  and  therefore  that  they  were  to  aft  as 
Princes  under  Cbrift,  and  to  govern  according  to  their  Light. 

Comment  Journals.     Public*  Intelligencer,  N°.  79. 
Mercurius  Politicus,  N°.  403. 

There  are  alfo  in  the  5th  and  6th  Volumes  of  Tburloe's  State- 
Papers,  and  in  Nickel/is  Collection  of  Letters,  &c.  addre/ed  to  Oliver 
Crormvell,  many  Papers  and  Examinations  relating  to  this  Plot,  and 
the  Principles  of  this  wild  Seel,  to  whom  Mr.  Butler  feems  to  allude 
in  thefq  Lines, 

Some  -were  far  fettir.g  up  a  King, 
'  But  all  the  reft  for  no  fuch  "Thing, 

Vnlefs  King  Jefus. 

Hudihras,  publifhed  by  Dr.  Grey,  Vd,  II,  p,  244. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         67 

tb  your  Highnefs  Reafons  for  your  Satisfafiiony   and  Inter-regnulh. 
for  the  Maintenance  of  the  Refolutions  of  the  Houfe  ;    ^_      7"^ 
and  fuch  Particulars  as  we  cannot Jatisfy  your  High-       ^j^ 
nefs  in,  that  ice  may  report  the  Jame  to  the  Parlia- 
ment. 

4  Your  Highnefs  is  pleafed  to  mention  the  Gb- 
vernment,  as  it  now  is  ;  and  feem,  to  fome  of  our 
Apprehenfions,  as  if  you  made  that  an  Objection,* 
If  the  Government  be  welt,  why  do  you  change  it  ?  If 
that  be  intended  by  your  Highnefs  as  an  Obje&ion 
in  the  general,  I  fuppofe  the  Committee  will  give 
you  Satisfaction.' 

The  Lord  Commiffioner  IVhithckt  having  of- 
fered thus  much,  the  Protestor  faid, 

'  He  thought  all  of  them  met  with  a  very  good 
Inclination  to  come  to  fome  Iflue  in  that  grand  Af- 
fair; and  he  could  afiure  them  he  had  all  the  Rea- 
fon  and  Argument  in  the  World  to  move  him  to  it, 
and  was  very  ready  to  be  guided  by  them  in  thci 
Way  of  Proceeding;  only  he  confefled  that,  ac- 
cording to  his  own  Thoughts  in  preparing  for  fuch 
a  Work  as  this,  he  had  formed  this  Notion  of  it 
to  himfelf :  That  having  met  them  twice,  at  the 
Committee  firft,  and  returned  them  that  Anfwer 
that  he  gave  them  then,  and  the  Houfe  a  fecond 
Time,  he  did  perceive,  that  the  Favour  and  Indul- 
gence the  Houfe  fhew'd  him  in  that,  was,  that  he 
might  receive  Satisfaction  :  That  he  knew  they 
might  have  been  pofitive  in  the  Thing,  and  faid, 
They  had  done  enough,  if  they  had  only  made  fuch 
an  Addrefs  to  him  :  That  they  might  have  infifted, 
That  by  only  offering  it,  he  could  plainly  fee  his 
Satisfaction  was  aimed  at :  That  he,  really  and  fin- 
cerely,  thought  fo  ;  and  that,  truly,  he  thought 
there  was  one  Claufe  in  the  Paper  that  did  a  little 
warrant  this  Notion,  To  offer  fuch  Reafons  for  his 
Satisfaftion,  and  for  the  Maintenance  of  the  Refolu- 
tions of  the  Houje. 

*  That  it  was  true,  the  Occafion  of  all  this  was 

the  Anfwer  he  had  made  :    That  this  occafioned  a 

Committee  to  come  thither,  in  order  to  his  Satis- 

E  2  faction  3 


Inter- regnum, 
1657. 

U^-v~*- 

April. 


68       *fbe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

faction  ;  and  that  if  they  would  draw  out  his 
Reafons  from  him,  he  would  offer  them ;  but  he 
doubted,  on  his  Part,  if  they  ftiould  proceed  that 
Way,  it  would  put  him  a  little  out  of  the  Method 
of  his  own  Thoughts ;  and  it  being  mutual  Satis- 
faction, that  was  endeavoured,  if  they  would  do  him 
the  Favour,  it  would  more  agree  with  his  Me- 
thod, to  leave  them,  firft,  to  confider  their  own 
Thoughts  of  it  together. 

The  Prote&or  having  paufed  here,  the  Lord 
Commifiloner  thought  it  proper  to  exprefs  himfelf, 
briefly,  after  this  Manner  : 

Mr.  mitloeke.  «  The  Committee  that  are  commanded  by  the 
Parliament,  and  are  here  prefent  to  wait  upon  your 
Highnefs,  I  do  fuppofe,  cannot  undertake  to  give 
the  Reafons  of  the  Parliament  for  what  they  have 
done ;  but  any  Gentleman  here  can  efive  his  own 
particular  Opinion,  for  your  Highnefs's  Satisfac- 
tion ;  and  if  you  will  be  pleafed  to  go  in  the  Way 
\vhichyouhave  propofed,  and,  either  in  general  or 
in  particular,  to  require  Satisfaction  from  the  Com- 
mittee, I  fuppofe  we  {hall  be  ready  to  do  the  bell 
we  can  to  give  it  you.' 

The  Proteaor  took  the  Word,  and  faid, 

fcord  Protttfor.  '  ^  think  if  this  be  fo,  then  I  fuppofe  nothing  can 
be  faid  by  you,  but  what  the  Parliament  hath  dila- 
ted to  you  ;  yet  I  think  it  is  clearly  exprefled,  That 
the  Parliament  intends  Satisfaction ;  then  is  it  as 
clear,  That  there  muft  be  Reafons  and  Argumenta 
that  have  Light  and  Conviction  in  them,  in  order 
for  Satisfaction. 

4  I  fpeak  for  myfelf  herein  ;  I  hope  you  will  think 
no  otherwife  :  I  fay,  it  doth  appear  fo  to  me,  That 
you  have  the  Liberty  of  your  own  Reafons  :  I 
think,  if  I  mould  cite  any  of  them,  I  cannot  calf 
this  the  Reafon  of  the  Parliament.  In  Parliament 
tary  Determinations  and  Conclufions,  by  Votes  of 
the  feveral  Particulars  of  the  Government,  that 
Reafon  is  dilated  and  diffufed,  and  every  Man  hath 
a  Share  of  it  -t  and  therefore,  when  they  have  deter- 

jnin'd 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         69 

inin'd  fuch  a  Thing,  certainly  it  was  Reafon  that  intcr-regnum. 
Jed  them  up  into  it.    I  do  very  refpectfully  rcprefent        1657. 
to  you,  That  I  have  a  general  Diflatisfaction   to    *— -v— -* 
the  Thing ;  and  I  defire  that   I  may   be  informed        April, 
in  theGrounds  that  led  you,  who,  I  prefume,  are  all 
Perfons  well  fatisfied  with  the  Thing,  and  every  Part 
of  it;  and  if  you  will  not  be  pleafed  to  think  that  fi£, 
1  will  not  farther  urge  it  upon  you :  To  proceed 
that  Way  will  be  a  Favour  to  me;  otherwife,  I  (halt 
deal  plainly  with  you,   it  doth  put  me  out   of  the 
Method  of  my  own  Conceptions  :  And  then  I  fhall 
•beg  that  I  may  have  an  Hour's  Deliberation,  and 
that  we  may  meet  again  in  the  Afternoon.' 

Here  the  Lord  Chief  Juftice  St.  John  acquainted  Lord  Chi-f  Ju- 
the  Lord  Proteftor,  «  That  the  Parliament  had  fent «»« St.  John. 
them  to  wait  upon  his  Highnefs,  to  give  him  any 
Satisfaction  that  their  Abilities  could  fuggeft  :  That 
the  whole  Paper  confided  of  many  Heads  :  And 
that  if  his  Highnefs  intended  Satisfaction,  the  Pro- 
pofitions  being  general,  they  could  give  but  gene- 
ral Satisfaction,  for  which  they  were  ready.'  The 
Protector  hereupon  went  on  :  '  If  you  will  pleafe  to. 
give  me  Leave,  I  do  agree  the  Thing  is  general,  as 
it  falls  under  the  Notion  of  a  Settlement :  That's  a 
General  that  confifts  of  many  Particulars  j  and  tru- 
ly, if  you  call  it  by  the  Title  it  bears,  there  it  is 
general ;  it  is  Advice,  Defires  and  Advice :  And, 
the  Truth  is,  that  which  I  have  made  my  Objec- 
tion to,  is  but  one  Thing  as  yet ;  only  the  laft 
Time  I  had  the  Honour  to  meet  the  Parliament,  I 
did  offer  to  them,  That  they  would  put  me  into  a 
Condition  to  receive  Satisfaction  to  the  Particulars  : 
No  QuefHon,  I  might  eafily  offer  fomething  parti- 
cular tor  Debate,  if  I  thought  that  would  anfwer 
the  End  ;  for,  truly,  I  know  my  End  and  yours  is 
the  fame ;  that  is,  to  bring  Things  to  an  Ufue  one 
Way  or  other,  that  we  may  know  where  we  are  ; 
that  we  may  attain  that  general  End,  which  is  a 
Settlement :  The  End  is  in  us  both  ;  and  I  durft 
contend  with  any  one  Perfon  in  the  World,  That 
it  is  not  more  in  his  Heart  than  in  mine.  I  could 
go  to  fonic  Particulars  to  afk  a  Queftion,  or  aflc  a 
E  3  Rca* 


jo       'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jater-regnum.  Reafon  of  the  Alteration,  which  would  well  enough 
l657-  let  you  into  the  Bufmefs  ;  yet  I  fay  it  doth  not  an- 

•*""TV7"""J  fwer  me.  I  confefs,  I  did  not  fo  ftrictly  examine 
that  Order  of  Reference,  or  whether  I  read  it  or 
not,  I  cannot  tell ;  if  you  will  have  it  that  Way, 
I  fhall,  as  well  as  I  can,  make  fuch  an  Objection 
as  may  occafion  fome  Anfwer  to  it,  though  perhaps 
I  mail  object  weakly  enough.  I  ihall  very  freely 
fubmit  to  you.' 

Lord  Chief  Ju-  The  Lord  Chief  Juftice  St.  John  and  the  Lord 
flice  St.  John  Commiflioner  Fiennes^  owning,  here,  to  the  Protec- 
***'^  '  That  they  found  they  were  impower'd  to  offer 
any  Reafons  that  they  thought  fit,  either  for  the  Sa- 
tisfaction of  his  Highnefs,  or  Maintenance  of  what 
the  Parliament  had  given  him  their  Advice  in  ;  and 
that  they  thought  they  were  rather  to  offer  to  his 
Highnefs  the  Reafons  of  the  Parliament,  if  his  High- 
nefs's  Diflatisfaction  was  to  the  Alteration  of  Go- 
vernment  in  general,  or  in  particular ;'  the  Lord 
Protector  told  them,  '  He  was  very  ready  to  fay,  he 
had  no  Difiatisfadion  :  That  it  had  pleafed  the  Par- 
liament to  find  out  a  Way,  though  it  were  of  Alte- 
ration, to  bring  thefe  Nations  into  a  good  Settle- 
ment; and  that,  perhaps,  they  might  have  judged 
the  Settlement,  we  were  in,  was  not  fo  much  for 
the  great  End  of  Government,  the  Liberty  and  Good 
of  the  Nations,  and  the  Prefervation  of  all  thofe 
honeft  Interefts  that  had  been  engaged  in  that  Caufe: 
He  faid,  *  He  had  no  Exception  in  the  general,  that 
the  Parliament  had  thought  fit  to  take  into  their  Con- 
fideration  a  new  Settlement,  or  Government;  but 
that  having  done  it  as  they  had,  and  made  him  fo 
far  interefted  as  to  make  fuch  an  Overture  to  him, 
he  mould  be  very  glad  if  they  were  pleafed  to  let 
him  know  their  Reafon  for  making  the  Alteration 
fuch  as  it  was:  That  though  he  could  not  prefume 
that  he  had  any  Thing  to  offer  to  them  that  might 
convince  them  ;  yet,  if  they  would  take  it  in  good 
Part,  he  mould  offer  fomewhat  as  to  every  Particu- 
lar :  That  as  to  the  firft  Particular,  he  was  clear  as 
to  the  Ground  of  it,  being  fo  put  to  him  as  it  had 
That  he  thought  fome  of  the  Grounds, 

upoq 


€>/    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        71 

ITOOR  which  it  was  done,  would  very  well  lead  him  Inter-regnum. 
into  fuch  Objections  or  Doubts  as  he  might  offer,  and 
would  be  a  very  great  Help  to  him  therein  ;  and  that 
if  they  would  have  him  ftate  this,  that,  or  the  other 
Doubt  that  might  arife  methodically,  he  ftiould  do  it/ 

Hereupon  the  Lord  Commiffioner/i^zV/?^*  beganMr. 
the  Argument  in  this  Manner :  '  1  am  very  much 
aflured,  that  all  this  Company  is  come  with  the  fame 
Affection,  and  faithful  Refpect  to  the  publick  Settle- 
ment, as  your  Highnefs  hath  been  pleafed  to  exprefs. 
For  my  Part,  I  do,  with  a  great  deal  of  Clearnefs 
and  Faithfulnefs,  and,  in  my  particular  Apprehen- 
fion,  conceive  that  the  Method  which  your  High- 
ne(s  mentioned  to  proceed  in,  we  may  anfwer  for  ; 
and  if  any  Gentleman  be  of  another  Opinion,  let 
him  be  pleafed  to  cor  reel:  me  in  it. 

*  The  Parliament  taking  Confideration  of  the 
prefent  Government,  and  the  Inftrument  that  doth 
eftablifli  it,  feem  to  be  of  Opinion  that  it  was  very 
fit  there  mould  be  fome  Courfe  taken  for  a  Settle- 
ment in  the  Government  of  the  Nation,  by  the  Su- 
preme Legiflative  Power:  Your  Highnefs  and  the 
Parliament  concurring  together,  they  found  the  In- 
itrumcnt  of  Government,  in  the  Original  and  Foun- 
dation of  it,  to  require  a  Settlement  by  the  Supreme 
Legiflative  Power,  in  regard  the  Original  of  the 
other,  as  I  apprehended  by  fome  Gentlemen's  De- 
bates upon  it,  might  be  an  Occafion  of  fome  Doubts, 
and  of  lefs  Stability,  if  it  were  left  to  continue  upon 
the  fame  Foundation  as  it  now  is. 

4  That  it  will  not  be  fo  clear  a  Settlement  and 
Foundation  for  the  Prefervation  of  the  Rights  and 
Liberties  of  the  Nation,  as  if  we  came  to  a  Settle- 
ment by  the  Supreme  Legiflative  Power;  upon  that 
Ground,  I  fay,  it  was  taken  Lnto  Confideration ;  and 
a  Settlement  brought  to  Effect,  upon  very  folemn, 
full,  and  candid  Debates,  among  themfelves,  in 
Parliament. 

«  Their  Intentions,  I  fuppofe,  were  only  thefc:  To 
provide  for  the  Safety  and  Peace  of  the  Nations  here- 
after y  to  provide  for  the  Rights  and  Liberties)  both 
Spiritual  and  Civil t  of  the  People  of  theft  Nations: 


72       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Tnter-rcgnum.  And,  in  order  to  make  the  beft  Provifion  they  could 
.  _^-;  for  thefe  great  Concernments  of  the  People,  the  Pe- 
tition and  Advice,  which  they  have  humbly  prefent- 
ed  to  your  Highnefs,  was  brought  to  a  Determina- 
tion by  them. 

6  As  for  that  Particular  which  your  Highnefs  did 
formerly  intimate,  when  the  Parliament  did  attend 
upon  you,  and  the  Committee  of  the  Parliament 
fmce,  and  that  which  you  are  now  pleafed  to  inti- 
mate, concerning  the  Title,  I  do  humbly  apprehend 
the  Grounds  thereof  to  be  thefe  : 

'  The  Foundation  of  the  Title  of  ProteHor  being 
not  known  by  the  Law,  but  being  a  new  Title,  it 
was  thought  that  the  Title  which  was  known  by  the 
Law  of  England  for  many  Ages,  many  Hundreds  of 
Years  together  received,  the  Law  fitted  to  it,  and 
that  to  the  Law,  might  be  of  more  Certainty,  clear- 
er Eftablifhment,  and  more  conformable  to  the  Laws 
of  the  Nation  ;  that  this  Title,  I  fay,  fhould  be  that 
of  King ,  rather  than  that  other  of  Prctcttor. 

'  There  is  very  much  as  to  the  EfTence  of  the  Bu- 
finefs,  as  fome  Gentlemen  did  apprehend,  that  the 
Title  fhould  be  a  known  Title;  that  which  hath 
been,  in  all  thefe  Times  and  Ages,  received ;  that 
which  every  particular  Perfon  hath  Occafion  to  know, 
and  his  Rights  applied  to  it:  The  general  Rights  of 
the  People,  and  their  Liberties,  have  an  Application 
likewife,  to  that  Name;  which  Application  cannot 
be  fo  clear  and  certain  to  fo  new  a  Title,  as  that  of 
Prote£lor. 

'  I  have  heard  fome  Gentlemen  argue,  that  the 
Title  of  Proteftor  is  grounded  only  upon  the  Ori- 
ginal and  Foundation  as  it  now  ftands;  but  the  Title 
of  Kingi  befides  the  Conftitutions  to  which  it  (hall 
be  made  to  relate,  will  likewife  have  a  Foundation 
upon  the  old  and  known  Laws  of  the  Nation  :  So 
that  there  will  be  both  the  prefent  Conftitution,  and 
Jikewife  the  antient  Foundation  of  the  Laws  of  Eng- 
land, to  be  the  Bafis  of  the  Title  of  King  : 

'  What  Inconveniences  Changes  of  this  Nature 
may  bring  with  them,  can  hardly,  in  every  Particu- 
lar, be  forefeen  j  but  it  is  imagined  that  there  will  be 

many 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        73 

many,  which  pofiibly  we  may  not  be  able  before-  Interregnum. 

hand  to  comprehend :  Therefore  there  feems  to  be        J^57« 

more  of  Certainty  and  Stability,  and  of  the  Supreme    <ta*TvT~^ 

Authority  and  Civil   Sanction,    upon  the  Title  of 

King,  than  upon  the  other  of  Proteftor:    This  I 

humbly  apprehend  to    be  one  Reafon  concerning 

both  the  Eftablifhment  of  the  whole  Petition  and  4d- 

i)ice>  and  alfo  that  Particular,  which  I  think  is  the 

firft  Part  of  it,  to  which  your  Highnefs  feemed  to 

object.' 

The  Lord  Commiflioner  Whitlocke  was  feconded 
herein  by  Mr.  Lentball^  Mafter  of  the  Rolls.  * 

May  it  pleafe  ymir  Higbnefs^ 

•  I  am  very  glad  there  is  fuch  a  Latitude  that  we  Mr.  Ltntball. 
may  fhcw  ourlelves  here:  I  know  the  Parliament 
intends  to  give  your  Highnefs  all  the  Satisfaction  that 
may  be:  And  truly,  1  fay,  upon  the  firvt  Head, 
which  your  Highnefs  is  picafed  to  call  a  Title,  as  if 
it  were  a  bare  Title,  I  muft  humbly  crave  Pardon 
if  I  do  not  think  it,  neither  did  the  Houfe  think  it 
fo;  but  it  carries  more  in  it  of  Weight  than  a  meer 
Title:  For,  upon  due  Confideration,  you  fliall  find, 
that  the  whole  Body  of  the  Law  is  carried  upon  this 
Wheel  j  it  is  not  a  Thing  that  Hands  on  the  Top 
meerly,  but  runs  through  the  whole  Life  and  Veins 
of  the  Law:  Look  upon  all  our  Laws  ever  fmce  we 
had  Laws ;  look  upon  all  the  Conftitution ,  ftill  there 
is  fuch  an  Intereft,  not  of  the  Title,  but  of  the 
Name  of  King.  Befides,  the  Title,  that's  not  the 
Thing;  for  the  Title  you  may  rather  tie  to  the  Per- 
fon,  than  to  the  Thing ;  but  the  Word  King  doth 
fignify  the  Perfon. 

4  Now,  Sir,  we  fee,  in  all  the  Ways  of  our  Pro- 
ceedings, in  the  maintaining  of  the  Rights,  Proper- 
ties and  Interefh  of  the  People,  and  of  the  Preroga- 
tive of  the  Chief  Magiftrate,  that  the  very  Office 

carries 

a  Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  In  February,  1648  ;  when  it 
was  rcfolv'd,  «  That  it  hath  been  found  by  Experience,  that  the  Of- 
fice nt  .1  K;r.g  in  thii  Nation,  and  to  have  the  Power  thereof  in  any 
Single  Perfon,  is  unnecellafy,  burthenfome,  and  dangerous  to  the 
Liberty,  S.ifrty,  and  public  Intereft  of  the  People  of  this  Nation  ;  and 
therefore  ou^ht  tu  be  aboliflud.*  Stt  our  iSri  vol.  p,  554. 


74       ^fa  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Interregnum,  carries  on  the  Bufinefs,  and  not  the  Title;  arid  yet 
l657-        it  muft  be  fuch  a  Title  too,  as  implies  the  Office 

*-  7~l'~  ~~*  and  makes  the  Office  fuitable  to  the  Law  :  It's  the 
p  Office  that  doth  fignify  the  Perfon,   not  the  Perfon 

the  Office.  I  (hall  crave  your  Highnefs's  Pardon,  if 
I  fpeak  any  thing  amifs.  We  fee  that  the  very  Of- 
fice carries  it  on,  and  not  the  Perfon,  yet  that  Of- 
fice rrtuft  have  a  Suitablenefs.  I  have  obferved  all 
along,  that  we  have  had  many  Debates  that  have 
arifen  in  this  Nation  about  the  Thing  ;  but  the 
Ground  and  Reafon  why  they  have  adhered  to  this 
Title,  was  for  the  Maintenance  of  their  Liberties, 
not  for  the  Change  of  the  Office. 

'  I  muft  confefs,  I  do  not  fee  that  the  other  Title 
of  Protestor  will  do  the  fame  Thing,  that  having 
no  further  Latitude,  nor  Extent,  but  the  very  In- 
•ftrument ;  it  goes  no  further,  for  the  very  Inftru- 
ment  is  the  Foundation  of  it,  and  it  can  find  no  other 
Original;  we  have  had  thofe Names  heretofore,  yet 
never  grounded  upon  the  Thing  itfelf,  but  grounded 
upon  the  Office  of  a  King.  The  Proteftor  had  no 
Office  or  Duty  to  perform,  but  what  was  under  the 
Office  and  Duty  of  a  King;  it's  very  true,  it  is  not 
fo  now,  certainly,  for  you  have  now  a  Title  upon 
that  Foundation  which  is  the  Inftrument,  and  it 
can  reach  no  further :  It  is  a  Title  that  I  cannot 
fee,  I  muft  confefs,  but  that  we  may  have,  under 
it,  a  good  Magiftrate  and  good  Officers  ;  but  it 
may  extend  whither  it  will;  it  hath  no  Limit  at  all ; 
and  if  the  Chief  Magiftrate  fhould  prove  otherwife 
than  good,  you  have  no  Limits  to  it  by  any  Rule 
of  Law  that  I  underftand  :  If  you  pleafe,  give  me 
Leave  to  tell  you,  that  the  very  Inftrument  does 
give  a  Foundation  to  the  Title  of  Protestor,  I  am 
iure,  to  crofs,  if  he  pleafe,  the  moft  Fundamental 
Points  of  the  Law. 

*  There  was  a  Time,  when  a  Prince  of  this  Na- 
tion b,  a  very  late  Time  too,  would  change  a  Name; 
and  it  was  a  very  (lender  Change,  for  it  was  but 
from  that  of  King  of  England  to  King  of  Great- 
Britain  ;  and  this  was  prefented  to  the  Parliament. 

It 

b  Xing  James  I.    See  the  Proceedings  on  this  Affair,  fut,  At;r.s 
1604. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        7- 

It  was  debated  many  Days,  and  it  was  refolved  Inter-regnui». 
there,  and  fettled,  That  they  could  not  change  it;  l657- 
there  was  fo  much  Hazard  in  that  Change,  they  S"~T  JT 
knew  not  but  that  all  their  Rights  and  Liberties 
might  be  thereby  altered  ;  and  when  the  King  fa\v 
he  could  not  obtain  it  of  the  Houie,  he  declared  by 
Proclamation,  That  he  never  intended  to  take  any 
Name  upon  him  that  fhould  raife  any  Doubt  as  to 
the  Liberties  and  Privileges  of  Parliament;  and  cau- 
fed  that  Proclamation  to  be  very  cunningly  printed, 
and  put  among  the  Statutes,  though  indeed  it  was 
none  of  them:  tfut  becaufe  there  was  Danger,  he 
laid  it  down  willingly  ;  only,  fays  he,  your  Di- 
vines, in  the  Pulpit,  thall  pray  for  me  by  the  Tide  of 
King  of  Great  -Britain^  and  Ambafiadors  (hall  make 
their  Addrefs  by  that  Name  ;  but  the  Name,  in 
your  Laws,  I  will  not  alter. 

*  In  the  Parliament  of  1653,  there  was  a  Que- 
ftion,  Whether  they  (hould  not  alter  the  Name  of 
Parliament c,  and  call  it,  The  Reprefentative  of  the 
People  ?  But  the  whole  Houfe  went  upon  this 
Ground,  That  by  changing  the  Name  of  Parlia- 
ment to  a  Representative,  they  did  not  know  how  it 
might  change  the  very  Couilb,  Ground,  and  Reafon 
of  Parliaments  ;  there  is  a  great  deal  of  Impor- 
tance in  the  very  Name :  1  remember  a  very  honour- 
able Pcrfon  was  then  very  earneft  for  it ;  I  mean, 
for  having  this  Name  changed,  and  he  fhew'd  ma- 
ny Reafons  for  it ;  but  hearing  the  Debates  and 
Reafons  againlt  it,  he  fat  down,  and  was  fatisfied  ; 
I  think  I  may  name  him,  it  was  my  Lord  Ireton^ 
who  faid,  He  was  fatisfied  it  was  not  fit  to  be  done 
at  that  Time. 

'  It  was  a  famous  Story  in  every  Man's  Mouth 
heretofore,  when  there  was  but  little  Intention  to 
change  the  Law;  I  fay,  it  was  a  general  Resolution 
given,  by  the  Lords,  Nolumus  Leges  Angliamntarc: 
It's  doubted,  yea  conceived  impoilible,  to  annex  the 
Laws  and  the  Title  of  Prttetlor  together  :    This  I 
muft  fay,  we  come  now  with  an  Intention  for  a  per- 
fccl  Settlement,  fuch  as  may  give  Safety  to  the  Na- 
tion, 
c  In  our  Twentieth  Volum^,  p.  182. 


76        ¥he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

tion,  to  your  Perfon,  and  to  the  People  ;  for  in- 
16 57-  deed,  Sir,  they  are  very  jealous  of  their  Laws  and 
*"""TV*r"""'^  Liberties,  and  have  been  fo  in  all  Ages  ;  and  tho* 
there  may  be  no  Intention  to  do  fuch  a  Thing,  yet 
if  you  have  a  Doubt,  it's  better  and  more  fafe  for 
the  Chief  Magistrate  to  keep  to  that  which  hath  no 
Doubt. 

'  The  Parliament  putting  their  own  Interefts  and 
Regard  for  you  together,  and  giving  you  this  Ad- 
vice, this  is  Vox  Pcpuli  ;  for  it  is  the  Voice  of 
Three  Nations  in  one  Parliament.  Upon  Public 
Intereft,  the  chief  Thing  is  the  Safety  of  the 
People  ;  to  that  Safety,  your  Will,  your  Judg- 
ment, nay,  give  me  Leave  to  tell  you,  your  Con- 
icience  is  bound  ;  for  it  is  the  principal  End  of  Go- 
vernment and  Governors :  This  is  prefented  to  you 
by  Three  Nations,  by  the  Parliament ;  altho' you 
may  make  your  Hefitations,  yet  fuch  a  Thing  is  of 
great  Weight  and  Confequence.  By  the  Laws,  I 
can  fay,  in  all  Generations,  this  is  mine,  and  this 
is  the  Prince's  ;  and  the  Prince  cannot  do  me 
Wrong,  nor  the  Council  cannot  do  me  Wrong,  &c. 
Therefore  I  think  you  may  fafely,  and  I  hope  you 
•will,  agree  to  this  Particular,  as  we  have  prefented 
it :  I  dare  not  fay,  that  your  Highnefs,  as  it  comes 
in  a  way  of  Advice  from  the  Parliament,  ought  to 
dofo.' 

i«rd  Protefior.  Mr.  Lentball  having  ended,  the  Lord  Proteclor 
told  the  Committee,  '  That  he  could  not  deny  but 
the  Things  that  had  been  fpoken,  had  been  urged 
with  great  Weight ;  and  that  it  was  not  fit  for 
him  to  afk  any  of  them  if  they  had  a  Mind  to  fpeak 
farther  to  it ;  but  if  fuch  had  been  their  Pleafurc, 
that  truly  then  he  thought  it  would  have  made  him, 
according  to  the  Method  and  Way  he  had  concei- 
ved to  himfelf,  the  more  prepared  to  have  returned 
fome  Anfwer :  He  was  fure  the  Bufmefs  required  it 
from  any  Man  in  the  World,  much  more  from  him, 
to  make  ferious  and  true  Anfwers  j  he  meant  fuch 
as  were  not  feigned  in  his  own  Thoughts,  but  fuch 
wherein  he  exprelTed  the  Truth  and  Honefty  of  his 

Heart  : 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         77 

Heart :  In  fhort,  That  he  hoped,  when  he  ha<l  Inter-regnnni. 
heard  them  fo  far  as  it  was  their  Pleafure  to  fpeak  to 
that  Head,  he  fhould  have  been  in  a  Condition  that 
Afternoon,  if  it  had  not  been  a  Trouble  to  them, 
to  have  returned  his  Anfwer  upon  a  little  Conllde- 
ration  with  himfelf;  but  that  feeing  they  had  not 
thought  it  convenient  to  proceed  that  Way,  truly 
he  thought  he  might  very  well  fay,  That  he  haa 
need  to  have  a  little  Time  to  refolve  what  Anfwer 
to  return,  left  their  Debate  fhould  end,  on  his  Part, 
with  a  very  vain  Difcourfe,  and  with  Lightnefs  : 
And  therefore,  if  they  thought  to  proceed  farther, 
and  to  fpealc  to  thefe  Things,  he  fliould  have  made 
his  own  fhort  Animadvemons  on  the  whole  that 
Afternoon,  and  return'd  fome  fhort  Reply;  and 
this  would  have  ufher'd  him  into  the  Way,  not  on- 
ly to  have  given  the  beft  Anfwer  he  could,  but  to 
have  made  his  own  Objections.' 

The  Protector  having,  in  this  Manner,  given  In- 
timation of  his  Readinefs  to  hear  any  farther  Ar- 
guments, the  Chief  Juftice  Glynne  began  thus  : 

<  Since  it   is  your  Highnefs's  Pleafure   that   itLord  Chief  ju 
fliould  be  fpokento  now,  altogether,  by  thofe  thatft 
have  any  Thing  to  fay,  I  think  it  the  Intent  of  the 
Committee,    and   the   Parliament,    to   give  your 
Highnefs  Satisfaction  in  all  Particulars,    both  as  to 
Subftance  and  Circumftance.    I  confefs  I  waited  for 
Objections  from  your  Highnefs,    that  being  the 
principal  Scope  of  the  Order. 

'  Truly,  my  Lord,  I  ftand  up  with  no  Confi- 
dence that  I  can  add  any  Thing  to  what  hath  been, 
laid  ;  but  becaufe  it  pleafes  your  Highnefs  to  do  us 
the  great  Favour  to  put  ustto  Particulars,  I  think  the 
Queition  with  you  is  but  fmgly  thus  :  /  am  already 
Protector,  and  1  am  by  that  Office  put  at  the  Head 
of  the  Government,  whereby  1  meet  the  Parliament 
now  ;  you  defire  me  to  take  upon  me  the  Office  of 
King,  Why  do  ye  fo  ?  That  which  we  are  to  fpeak 
here,  is  no  other  but  that  which  we  can  under- 
irand  was  the  Senfe  of  the  Parliament,  in  JuiKfica- 
iion  of  what  they  have  done  :  I  fhaJl  not  ipeak  any 

Thing 


78       1'he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inttr-regnum .  Thing  of  the  Government  itfelf,  but  to  this  Parti- 
1657.        cular. 

^— — \^-~^  *  I  think  the  Office  of  a  King  is  a  lawful  Office, 
AFnl«  and  the  Title  too,  approved  of  by  the  Word  of 
God  ;  that's  plain.  It  is  plain  likewife,  that  it  is 
an  Office  that  hath  been  exercifed  in  this  Nation 
from  the  Time  it  hath  been  a  Nation  ;  and  I  think 
it  is  as  true,  that  then-  never  was  any  Quarrel  with 
the  OiHce,  but  the  Mai  Administration,  that  lean 
remember;  I  mean,  ill  Government.  Oftentimes 
Kings  have  been  blamed,  and  very  juftly,  for  their 
ill  Government ;  but  we  do  not  read  that  there  was 
any  Challenge  by  the  Parliament,  that  this  Govern- 
ment we  defire  mould  be  difcharged  :  If  that  be 
true,  it  is  to  me  a  ftrange  Ground,  having  pafTed 
the  Scrutiny  of  fo  many  Parliaments  where  they 
did  debate  de  Re,  that,  in  all  thele  Debates,  they 
did  not  charge  it  upon  the  Nation,  that  the  Office 
cf  a  King  was  a  Burthen  in  its  own  Nature  ;  and 
this  too,  when  Parliaments  have  had  Opportunity 
to  have  changed  the  Government. 

*  The  Name  of  King  is  a  Name  known  by  the 
Law,  and  the  Parliament  doth  defire  that  your 
Highnefs  would  aflume  that  Title.  Thefe  are  the 
Grounds  why  the  Parliament  make  it  their  humble 
Advice  and  Requeft  to  your  Hiehnefs,  that  you 
would  be  pleafed  to  aflume  that  Title  ;  and  I  think 
there  is  fomething  more  in  it :  You  are  now  Lord 
Protestor  of  the  Three  Nations  by  the  Inftrument  j 
and  there  is  a  Claufe  in  this  Conftitution,  that  you 
(hould  govern  according  to  Law  ;  and  your  High- 
nefs is  fworn  to  that  Government.  The  Parlia- 
ment doth  apprehend,  that  it  is  almoft  impoflible 
for  your  Highnefs  to  anfwier  the  Expectation  of  the 
People  to  be  governed  by  the  Laws  ;  becaufe  you 
are  fo  tied  up,  that  neither  can  they  rationally  call 
for  it,  nor  you  confcientioufly  do  it ;  and  fo  nei- 
ther is  the  Lord  Prctcflor,  nor  the  People,  upon 
any  fure  Eftablifhment :  For  here  (lands  the  Cafe  : 
A  King  hath  run  through  fo  many  Ages  in  this 
Nation,  and  hath  governed  the  Nation  by  that 
Title  and  Style,  that  it  is  known  to  the  Law  ;  for 

the 


Of   E  N  C  L  A  N  D.        79 

the  Law  of  the  Nation  is  no  othcrwife  than  what 
hath  been  a  Cuftom  to  be  pra&ifed,  and  is  ap- 
proved  by  the  People  to  be  good  ;  that's  the  Law  ; 
and  nothing  clfe,  excepting  A£ts  of  Parliament : 
And  now  they  have  been  governed  by  that  Title, 
and  by  that  Minifter,  and  by  that  Office,  if  fo 
be  your  Highnefs  fhourd  do  any  Act,  and  onq 
fhould  come  and  fay,  My  Lord  Protefior^  you  are 
Jworn  to  govern  by  the  Law,  and  yet  do  thus  and 
thus,  as  Lord  Protector ;  tvhyt  the  King  cndd  not 
have  done  fo  !  Aye^  (fay  you)  but  I  am  not  King, 
1  am  not  bound  to  do  as  the  King,  /  am  Lord  Protec- 
tor \  Jhew  me,  that  the  Law  doth  require  me  to  do  It 
as  Protedlor  ;  if  1  have  not  afted  as  Protector,  Jbew 
me  where  that  Law  is  :  Why,  you  put  every  one  to 
a  Stumble  in  that  Cafe  :  This  is  one  Thing  that,  I 
humbly  conceive,  did  ftick  with  the  Parliament,  as 
to  that  Particular. 

'  Another  Thing  is  this,  you  are  Protestor;  which 
is  a  new  Office  not  known  to  the  Law,  and  made 
out  of  Doors :  You  are  called  upon,  that  you  woul  J: 
be  pleafed  to  accept  the  Office  of  a  King;  this  is,  by 
the  whole  People:  It's  the  fir  ft  Government  that, 
fince  thefe  Troubles,  hath  been  tendered  by  a  gene- 
ral and  univerfal  Confent  of  the  People.  If  any 
fhould  find  Fault  with  them,  and  fay,  ll'hy^  how 
fame  you  to  make  Governments  in  this  Cafe?  Why, 
the  Anfwer  is,  We  are  a  Parliament,  and  have  your 
Suffrage ;  you  have  ever  trufted  us  with  all  your  Votes , 
and  we  willjuftify  it:  But  be/ides,  we  have  not  dene  it 
Jttither ;  we  have  but  fettled  it  upon  the  old  Fcundations. 
'  Then  as  for  Regal  Government ;  however, 
fome  may  pretend  that  a  King's  prerogative  is  fa 
large  that  we  know  it  not,  but  is  unbounded;  the 
Parliament  are  not  of  that  Opinion.  The  King's 
Prerogative  is  known  by  Law ;  if  he  fhould  extend  it 
beyond  his  Duty,  that's  the  Evil  of  the  Man:  But 
in  Wejlminjler-  Hall,  the  King's  Prerogative  was  un- 
der the  Courts  of  Jufticc ;  and  was  bounded  as  wel! 
as  any  Acre  of  Land,  or  any  Thing  a  Man  hath ;  as 
irtuch  as  any  Controvcrfy  between  Party  ruvl  Party: 
And  therefore  the  Office  being  lawful  in  its  Nature, 

known 


So        *flse  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

known  to  the  Nation,  certain  in  itfelf,  and  confin'd 
and  regulated  by  the  Law,  and  the  other  Office  be- 
ing not  fo,  that  was  a  fufficient  Reafon  why  the 
Parliament  did  fo  much  infift  upon  this  Office  and 
Title,  not  asCircumftantial,  bur  as  EiTential;  yea, 
it  is  the  Head  from  whence  all  the  Nerves  and  Si- 
news of  the  Government  do  proceed,  as  was  well 
faid  by  the  Mafter  of  the  Rolls:  If  we  put  a  new 
Head,  it's  a  Queftion  whether  thofe  Nerves  and  Si- 
news will  grow,  and  be  nourifhed  and  ftrcngthened 
with  that  Head. 

*  I  had  fomething  in  my  Thoughts  which  I  had 
forgot ;  fomething  of  an  Objection.  '  Why  are  we 

*  fo  pertinacious,  or  infift  fo  much  upon  this  Title  ? 
'  May  we  not  apply  all  the  Powers  and  Authorities 
'  unto  the  Office  of  Proiettor,  and  then  we  (hall 

*  give  Satisfaction  f '  I  muft  rjeeds  fay,  He  that  makes 
this  Objection,  makes  it  merely  to  a  Name.     If 
any  Man  ihall  fay,  I  am  content  the  Protestor  fhall 
have  the  Office,  but  not  the  Name,  I  think  this 
Man  is  very  ftrait  laced  ;  Then  he  puts  it  merely 
upon  the  Word  ;  and  truly,  if  there  be  no  more  in 
it,  if  there  be  nothing  but  that  Word,  you  have,  in 
Balance  againft  it  the  Defires  of  the  Parliament  :  I 
befeech  you,  do  not  break  with  the  Parliament  for 
a  Word. 

'  Another  Objection  is,  We  have  been  under  the 
Proteflor^  and  the  Judges  have  taken  their  Office 
under  that  Government ;  and  the  Judges  have  ta- 
ken their  Meafures  by  the  Authority  of  the  King  ; 
and  have  taken  it  to  be  the  fame  with  that  of  Kingj 
and  fo  go  on.  I  confefs  that  the  Judges  have 
gone  very  far  th^  Way,  and  I  fhall  not  fpeak  my 
own  Opinion  of  the  Matter  here  ;  but  yet  it  is  very 
well  known,  that  there  hath  been  Variety  of  Opi- 
nions and  Judgments  in  this  Cafe,  even  from  thofe 
that  have  been  Judges  of  the  Nation  ;  and  I  do  not 
take  the  People  to  be  upon  a  very  good  Eftablifh- 
ment,  when  Doubts  arife  in  thofe  that  (hould  have 
moft  Knowledge.  I  would  never  make  a  Doubt 
that  tends  to  the  making  of  Foundations,  if  I  could 
avoid  it.  The  taking  of  this  Office  will  avoid  a 

Doubt  t 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        81 

Doubt ;   the  continuing  of  the  other  Office  may  be  Inter-regnum, 
more  uncertain.     I  would  never  make  a  Doubt       l657- 
where  it  may  be  clear  ;  puhaps  the  taking  of  the 
other  would  reduce  Men  to  Satisfaction ;  there  is  but 
a  Perhaps  in  the  one,  and  a  Certainty  in  the  other. 

*  The  Chief- Juftice  was  feconded  in  this  Argu- 
ment by  Sir  Charles  ffaljeley^  to  this  Effect. 

'  Not  only  we  that  are  here,  but  many  honed  Sir  Cbarkt 
Hearts  in  England^  rejoice  to  fee  this  Day,  wherein  Wolf'fy* 
your  Highnefs  and  the  Parliament  are,  with  fo 
much  Ncarnefs  and  Affection,  debating  the  Settle- 
ment of  the  Nation  :  One  Reafon  why  your  High- 
nefs fhculd  take  this  Title  offered  you  by  the  Par- 
liament, is,  becaufe,  as  you  ftand  in  relation  to  the 
old  Government,  you  are  obliged  to  the  Law,  yet 
have  not  the  Advantage  of  the  Law  ;  which  the 
Chief  Magiftrate  ought  to  have.  The  Law  knows 
not  a  Proteftor^  and  requires  no  Obedience  from 
the  People  to  him.  The  Parliament  defires  to  fet- 
tle one  fo,  that  the  People  may  know  your  Duty  to 
them,  and  they  their  Duty  to  you.  The  Parliament 
find  the  Minds  of  the  People  of  thefe  Nations  much 
fet  upon  this  Office  and  Title  :  God  hath,  by  his 
Providence,  put  a  general  Defire  of  it  into  the  Na- 
tion ;  and  they  think,  in  Things  not  unlawful,  they 
ought  to  hearken,  and  to  be  much  inclined  by  the 
Defires  of  them  that  fent  them  ;  and  in  fuch  Things 
as  are  for  their  Good,  as  this  is,  to  be  much  provo- 
ked thereby  to  the  doing  of  them. 

*  Truly,  Sir,  it  hath  been  much  in  the  Thoughts 
of  the  Parliament,  that  the  Reafon  why  Things  of 
late  have  been  fo  unfettled,  throughout,  in  thefe  Na- 
tions, hath  been,  becaufe  that  to  the  Body  of  this 
People  there  hath  not  been  a  Legal  Head  :  The 
Well-being  of  the  Head  is  not  more  neceffary  to 
the  wholefome  Conftitution  of  the  Body  Natural, 
than  a  right  Head  is  neceffary  to  the  Body  Politic. 

'  I  muft  humbly  tell  your  Highnefs,  This  Nation 
hath  ever  been  a  Lover  of  Monarchy,  and  of  Mo- 
narchy under  the  Title  of  a  King  :  The  Name  and 
Office  hath,  for  above  a  Thoufand  Years,  been  in 

VOL.  XXI.  F  this 


82        The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter-regnum,  this  Nation  ;  though  they  have  often  changed  their 
Princes,  yet  never  the  Name  nor  Office.  'Tis  the 
great  Common  Law,  that  is,  the  Cuftom  of  the 
Nation,  approved  for  good  by  many  Ages,  to  have 
"the  Office  and  Name  of  a  King :  No  new  Law  that 
makes  any  other,  can  have  that  Validity,  which 
the  Cuftom  of  fo  many  Ages  hath. 

'  Sir,  the  Parliament  doth  judge  the  Safety  of 
your  Perfon  much  concerned  to  take  this  Title  ; 
and  'tis  not  yourfelf  they  look  to,  (though  their 
Hearts  are  as  full  of  RefpecT:,  I  may  fay  it,  for  your 
Highnefs  as  can  be)  but  to  you  as  Chief  Magiftrate, 
reprefenting  the  People ;  and  being  Head  of  the  Law, 
and  of  all  Magiftracy  %  the  People  have  a  Share 
and  Concernment  in  you.  We  fee  the  great  En- 
couragement of  thofe  Attempts  againft  your  Perfon, 
hath  been  this,  that  the  Law  did  not  take  Notice  of 
you  as  Chief  Magiftrate  ;  and  that  Juries  were  ge- 
nerally backward  te  find  any  guilty  of  Treafon  for 
ill  Attempts  againft  you.  The  Parliament  cannot 
think  it  fit  to  have  their  Chief  Magiftrate  in  fuch 
a  Condition. 

'  Your  Highnefs  hath  been  pleafed  to  call  your- 
felf, when  you  fpeak  to  the  Parliament,  a  Servant ; 
you  are  fo  indeed  to  the  People,  and  'tis  your  great- 
eft  Honour  fo  to  be.  I  hope  then,  Sir,  you  will 
give  the  People  Leave  to  name  their  own  Servant : 
That  is  a  Due  you  cannot,  you  will  not,  certainly 
deny  them  :  Their  Reprefentatives  defire  you  will 
ferve  the  People  under  this  Title  ;  and,  were  there 
jio  other  Reafon,  'tis  therefore  the  beft. 

'  I  befeech  your  Highnefs  to  confider,  if  you 
fhould  refufe  this  Title  the  Parliament  prefents  you 
with,  you  do  not  only  deny  yourfelf  the  Honour 
they  put  upon  you,  but  you  deny  the  Nation,  you 
deny  the  People,  their  Honour  which  by  Right 
they  ought  to  have.  'Tis  this  Honour  and  their 
juft  Birth- right,  to  have  a  Supreme  Magiftrate  un- 
der 

a  At  the  Trial  of  Sytidercomle,  who  was  inclined  of  High-Treafon, 
for  being  concerned  in  a  Plot  to  afiafiinate  the  Lord  Proteftor,   the 
Chief  JufHce  Glyr.ne  told  the  Jury,  that  hy  the  Word  King,  the  Law 
always  underftood  the  Chief  Magiflute,  by  whatsoever  Name  he  was 
''  ' 


O/    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       .83 

der  the  Title  of  King.     I  know,  Sir,  tho'  you  can  Inter-regnumi 

deny  yourfelf,  yet  you  will  not  deny  the  Nation  * 

their  Due,  when  their  Reprefentatives  challenge  it    '"^a^ 

from  you.     The  Parliament  have  highly  engaged 

all  the  good  People  of  this  Nation   to  make  you, 

who  are  one  of  them,  and  have   been   in  thefe- 

Troubles  their  Head  and  Leader,  to  be  their  King. 

And  certainly,    Sir,  whatever  Diflatisfaclion  may 

be  in  this  Cafe,  it  ought  not  to  weigh  :  If  there  be 

any  Judge  on  Earth  of  the  People's  Good,   'tis  the 

whole  People  reprefented  together;  and  what  others 

fay  is  but  by  Individuals.    Sir,  the  Parliament  have 

Hundreds,  nay  Thoufands,  upon  their  Backs,  the 

good  People  of  the  Nation,  a  quiet  peaceable  People 

•with  you  ;  and  what  the  Parliament  {hall  judge  fit, 

is  their  Duty,  and  no  doubt  they  will  fubmit  to  it : 

Sir,  were  there  in  this  Matter  no  other  Reafon  why 

you  fhould  accept  this  Title,  I  know  this  alone, 

which   indeed   is  the  greatefl.  Reafon  I  can  givej 

•would  fway  with  you  above  any  Thing,  That  what 

is  before  you,  is  the  Advice  of  your  great  Council^ 

the  Parliament.' 

•  The  Lord  Commiflloncr  Fiennes  fpoke  next : 

*  I  mail  offer  what  I  conceive,  from  the  Parlia-Mr.  N.  FieaneA 
ment's  Debates,  to  be  the  Reafons  why  they  advife 
your  Highnefs  to  this  Title ;  and  feeing  what  is  in 
the  Fountain  muft  be  conveyed  by  fuch  Pipes,  I 
ftiall  clear  the  State  of  the  Queftion  ;  which,  in  the 
firft  Place,  if  I  miftake  not,  is  only  upon  the  Name, 
not  upon  the  Thing  ;  not  upon  the  Office  of  a  King9 
But  upon  the  Title  of  a  King:  For,  the  Queftion  is, 
Whether  the  fame  Thing  mail  be  fignified  by  the 
Office  of  a  King  under  the  Name  of  a  King,  or  by 
the  Office  of  a  King  under  the  Name  of  a  Proteftor. 
•  Undoubtedly  the  Office  of  a  King  may  be  more  ri- 
goroufly  exercifed  under  Another  Name,  than  tho' 
the  Name  of  Kin»  be  there  :  He  that  faid,  He 
would  not  do  his  Matter's  Will,  and  yet  did  it,  did 
it  more  than  he  that  faid  he  would,  and  yet  did  it 
not  :  He  that  hath  all  the  Powers  and  Authorities 
of  a  King,  is  a  King,  tho'  he  have  not  the  Name  : 
F  2  But 


84.       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

fater-regnum.  ^ut  there  *s  fomevvhat  of  Diverhty  in  this  Cafe, 
1657.        wherein,  Sir,   you  muft  either  enumerate  all  the 

L«i  ^*J—   **  Poweis  of  a  Protestor ,  or  what  is  left  to  be  enume- 
April.        rated  muft  be  the  fame  Thing  as  the  Law  fays  is 
the  Duty  of  a  King ;  and  this  I  think  the  Judges 
have  determined. 

*  This  therefore  being  the  clear  State  of  the  Que- 
ftion,  the  Difference  will  arife  meerly  upon  the 
Name;  and  the  Parliament  did  not  think  it  agree- 
able to  their  Wifdom  to  infpect  all  the  Laws,  and 
all  the  Cafes,  and  make  the  Name  of  Protettor  to 
fuit  them,  or  elfe  leave  it  lawlefs  and  boundlefs ; 
but  what  was  not  confined  to  the  Power  of  a  King, 
Was  confined  to  the  Decifion  of  the  Law.  That  be- 
ing fo,  the  Parliament  thinks  it  is  fit  for  them  to  do 
as  all  wife  Men  do,  to  give  Names  according  to  the 
Nature  of  the  Thing,  and  either  they  muft  fit  all 
the  Laws  to  the  Name,  and  that  is  impoflible ;  or 
leave  the  Name  unbounded,  and  that's  intolerable. 
All  Creatures  were  brought  to  Adam  to  give  them 
Names,  which  he  did  according  to  their  Natures. 
And  fo  the  Parliament,  confidering  what  the  Thing 
is  that  they  were  about  to  advife  your  Highnefs  to, 
find  this  to  be  the  fame  Government  as  was  before ; 
and  if  they  would  have  that,  why  not  their  old  Name  ? 
If  the  Thing,  why  not  the  Title  ?  Truly,  it  feems 
very  reafonable  that  Names  ftiould  be  proportioned 
to  the  Things  :  They  have  found  divers  Reafons 
why  the  Name  mould  be  King,  becaufe  it  is  a  Thing 
elear  to  all  the  World  that  the  People  are  more  wil- 
lingly obedient  to  old  Things  and  Names,  than  to 
new  ;  and  fo  far  as  old  Things  can  be  retained  with- 
out Danger  or  Inconvenience,  it  is  the  Wifdom  and 
Duty  of  all  Governments  to  retain  them. 

Mr,  Lijk.  The  Argument  offered  on  this  Occafion,  by  Mr. 

L'tfle,  the  other  Commiffioner  of  the  Great  Seal, 
was  in  thefe  Terms.  '  I  humbly  conceive,  That, 
in  this  Title  propofed  to  your  Highnefs  by  the  Par- 
liament, they  take  the  fame  Care  for  yourHighnefc, 
as  Jethro  took  for  Mofes ;  they  find  the  Weight  of 
the  Government,  as  it  is  now  upon  you  under  the 
Title  of  Proteftor,  to  be  a  Burthen  that  will  weary 

both 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         85 

both  vourfclf  and  the  People  likewife ;  and  therefore  intcr-regnum. 
they  'do  defire  your  Highnefs  will  be  pleafed  to  ac-        l6S7- 
cept  of  that  Title  which  may  be  an  Eafe  to  your    ^— ~v"~"-' ' 
Highnefs  and  to  the  People. 

4  The  greatcft  Weight  and  Burthen  of  Govern- 
ment, is,  when  there  is  a  Jealoufy  between  the  ' 
Prince  and  the  People  for  want  of  a  right  Under- 
ftanding:  Now,  though,  neither  Parliament  nor 
People  have  a  Jealoufy  of  your  Perfon,  yet  of  the 
Title  they  have,  for  want  of  a  right  Underftanding : 
But  if  your  Highnefs  will  be  pleafed  to  accept  of  the 
Title  that  is  now  offered,  all  Jealoufies  will  be  done 
away ;  for  they  will  then  underftand  what  you  arc ; 
and  truly,  Sir,  I  think  the  Jealoufy  will  be  higher 
now,  than  at  firft  when  the  Remonftrance  was  of- 
fered to  you :  For  the  Title  of  Protettor  is  either 
the  fame  7'hing  in  Power  with  the  Title  of  King, 
or  it  is  fomething  elfe.  If  it  be  fomething  elfe  than 
what  the  Title  of  King  is  when  it  is  confined,  this 
will  raife  their  Jealoufy  very  much.  If  it  be  the 
fame  Thing,  then  there  is  nothing  of  Difference  but 
a  Name;  and  they  will  think  there  is  more  than  a 
Name,  if  the  Parliament  do  offer  it  to  your  High- 
nefs, and  you  (hould  wave  it. 

«  Sir,  the  Parliament  did  think,  that  your  High- 
nefs was  never  able  to  provide  for  doing  Juftice  to 
the  Nation  for  the  prefent,  nor  that  Peace  (hould 
be  maintained  in  the  Nation  for  the  future,  unlefs 
your  Highnefs  do  accept  of  this  Title.  National 
Juftice  does  confift  in  two  Things;  that  you  do 
right  to  the  People,  with  refpecl:  to  their  juft  Privi- 
leges in  relation  to  the  Parliament;  that  you  do  right 
to  the  People  in  refpect  to  their  juft  Rights,  accord- 
ing to  the  Law  of  the  Land.  Sir,  the  Nations 
Rights  in  Parliament  can  never  be  done  to  the  Peo- 
ple, unlefs  the  Parliament  hath  it's  antient  Rights 
in  relation  to  the  Government:  And  they  can  never 
have  their  Right  in  relation  to  the  Law,  unlefs  the 
Laws  have  their  antient  Right  in  relation  to  the  Go- 
vernors. 

•  Sir,  the  Reafon  why  the  Parliament  doth  now 

offer  this  Advice,  as  I  conceive,  is  this:    They  did 

F  3  confider. 


86       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY, 

Inter-regnum.  conflder  the  Cafe  of  David,  when  the  Elders  of 
Ifrael,  and  the  People,  did  covenant  with  him  at 
Hebron.  The  Remonftrance  offered  to  your  High- 
nefs  is  the  Covenant  of  the  Three  Nations,  both  for 
Spiritual  and  Civil  Liberties.  If  there  was  a  proper 
Time  to  make  D.avid  King,  when  they  covenanted 
with  him  at  Hebron,  it  is  now  a  proper  Time  for 
you  to  accept  this  Title,  when  the  Parliament  hath 
brought  this  with  a  Covenant  for  the  Three  Na- 
tions, that  relates  both  to  their  Civil  and  Spiritual 
Liberties.' 

The  Lord  Brogkill™  took  up  the  Argument  after 
Mr.  Lijle. 

\AI&  Bnglitt.  '  Sir,  I  can  add  fp  little  to  what  hath  been  al- 
ready fpoken,  that  were  it  not  in  Obedience  to 
Command,  I  fhould  with  much  more  Satisfaction 
be  filent  than  now  fpeak;  but,  being  under  an  Obli- 
gation I  muft  not  violate,  I  (hall,  in  Obedience 
thereto,  prefume  to  lay  my  poor  Thoughts  before 
you  :  And  firft  I  fhall  take  the  Boldnefs  to  fay,  I 
believe  it  is  a  Thing  impoflible  for  any  to  particula- 
rize every  individual  Reafon  which  invites  a  Parlia- 
ment to  pafs  any  Vote  ;  for  the  Parliament  is  a  Bo- 
dy confifting  of  many  Members,  and  all  of  them 
relifli  thofe  Arguments  and  Reafonings  which  are 
moft  confonant  to  every  Man's  Apprehenfion  ;  in 
which  there  is  fo  great  Variety,  that  though  when 
a  Vote  is  pafled,  we  may  conclude  that  Vote  is  the 
Senfe  of  the  Houfe,  yet  we  cannot  fay,  that  thefe, 
and  none  but  thefe,  Reafons  produced  that  Refult. 
jonly  mention  this,  Sir,  that  whatever  1  fhall  fpeak 
may  be  confidered.  by  you,  but  as  my  poor  Appre- 
henfion of  what,  in  fome  Degree,  might  have  con- 
tributed to  move  the  Parliament  to  petition  and  ad- 
vife  your  Highnefs  to  affume  the  Title  and  Office  of 
King  :  For  it  would  be  too  high  a  Prefumption  in 
#ny  Member,  efpecially  in  me  above  any,  to  dare  to 
aver,  That  what  I  fhould  now  fay,  did  alone  invite 

the 

«".  Afterwards  Earl  of  Orrery. 


Of    ENGLAND.         87 

the  Parliament  to  give  your  Highncfs  that  Coun-  Inter-regnum. 
fcl. 

'  Having  thus  humbly  premifed  what  I  held  my 
felf  obliged  unto  in  Duty,   I  fhall  now  proceed  to 
acquaint  you  what,    in  my  weak  Judgment,  did  in 
fome  Meafure  move  the  Parliament  to  do  what  they 
have  done. 

1.  «  I  humbly  conceive,  that  the  Title  of  King. 
is  that  which  the  Law  takes  Notice  of  as  the  Title 
of  Supreme  Magiftrate,  and  no  other ;  and  that  the 
old  Foundations  that  are  good,  are  better  than  any 
new  ones,  tho'  equally  good  in  their  own  Nature. 
What  is  confirmed  by  Time  and  Experience,  car- 
ries along  with  it  the  beft  Trial,  and  the  moft  fatif- 
fa (Story  Stamp  and  Authority. 

2.  '  It  was  confidered  too,  That  it  was  much 
better  that  the  Supreme  Magiftrate  fhould  be  fitted 
to  the  Laws  that  are  in  Being,  than  that  thofe  Laws 
ihould  be  fitted  unto  him. 

3.  '  The  People  legally  aflembled  in  Parliament, 
having  confidered  what  Title  was  beft  for  the  Su- 
preme Magiftrate,  did,  after  a  folemn  Debate  there- 
of, pitch  upon  that  of  King  •  it  being  that  by  which 
the  People  knew  their  Duty  to  him,  and  he  the  Du- 
ty of  his  Office  towards  them. 

4.  «  There  is  hardly  any  who  own  Government 
at  all  in  thefe  Nations,  but  think  themfelves  obliged 
to  obey  the  old  Laws,  or  thofe  which  your  High- 
nefs  and  the  Parliament  (hall  enact  :  So  that,  if  the 
Supreme  Magiftrate  of  thefe  Three  Nations  be  in- 
titled  King)   all  thofe  who  reverence  the  old  Laws, 
will  obediently  and  chearfully  accept  of  him,  as  that 
which  is  fettled  upon  the  Eftabliftiment  they  own  ; 
and  all  that  own  this  prefent  Authority  will  do  the 
like,  becaufc  grafted  by  it  ;  whereby  none  can  reft 
unfatisfied  that  think  it  a  Duty  to  obey  former  Au- 
thorities, or  the  prefent. 

5.  '  The  former  Authorities  knew  no  Supreme 
Magiftrate,  but  by  the  Title  of  King;  and  this  pre- 
fent Authority  defires  to  know  him  by  no  other ; 
which  if  refufed,  might  it  not  too  much  heighten 
pur  Enemies,  who  may  bouHter  up  their  faint  Hopes 

with 


88       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  with  faying  to  one  another,  and  to  thofe  which  af- 
them,  «  That  their  Chief  is  not  only  under  that 
Title  which  all  paft  Parliaments  have  approved, 
but  under  that  Title  which  even  this  Parliament 
does  approve  of  likewife;  whereas  our  Head  is  not 
known  by  the  former  Laws,  and  has  refufed  to  be 
known  by  that  Application  which  even  the  Parlia- 
ment, that  he  himfelf  hath  called,  doth  defire  to 
*  know  him  by  ?' 

6.  *  By  your  Highnefs  bearing  the  Title  of  King, 
all  thofe  that  obey  and  ferve  you,  are  fecured  by  a 
Law  made  long  before  any  of  our  Differences  had  a 
Being,  in  u.  Henry  VII.  whereby  a  full  Provifion 
is  made  for  the  Safe^  of  thofe  that  {hall  ferve  who- 
ever is  King:  JTis  oy  that  Law  that  hitherto  our 
Enemies  have  pleaded  Indemnity ;  and  by  your  af- 
fuming  what  is  now  defired,  that  Law,  which  hi- 
therto they  pretended  for  their  Difobedience,  ties 
them,  even  by  their  own  Profeflion  and  Principles, 
to  Obedience:   And  I  hope  the  taking  off  all  Pre- 
tences from  fo  numerous  a  Party,  may  not  be  a 
Thing  unworthy  of  Confideration :  That  Law  feems 
very  rational;  for  it  doth  not  provide  for  any  parti- 
cular Family  or  Perfon,  but  for  the  Peace  and  Safety 
of  the  People,  by  obeying  whoever  is  in  that  Of- 
fice, and  bears  that  Title.     The  End  of  all  Go- 
vernment is  to  give  the  People  Juftice  and  Safety  j 
and  the  beft  Means  to  obtain  that  End,  is  to  fettle 
a  Supreme  Magiftrate.    It  would  therefore  feem  ir- 
rational, that  the  People,  having  obtained  the  End, 
fhould  decline  that  End  only,  to  follow  the  Means 
which  are  but  conducing  to  that  End  j  fo  that  if  the 
Title  and  Office  of  Kin?  be  veiled  in  your  High- 
nefs, and  if  thereby  the  People  enjoy  their  Rights, 
and  Peace,  it  would  be  little  lefs  than  Madnefs  for 
3ny  of  them  to  caft  off  thofe  Bleflings,  only  in  order 
to  obtain  the  fame  End  under  another  Perfon. 

7.  '  There  is,  at  prefent,  but  a  Divorce  between, 
{he  pretended  King;  and  the  Imperial  Crown  of  thefe 
Nations ;  and  we  know  that  rerfons  divorced  may 
marry  again  j  but  if  the  Perfon  be  married  to  ano- 
ther, 


Of    ENGLAND.       89 

ther,  it  cuts  off  all  Hopes.     Thefe  may  be  fome  of  intCr.regnum. 
the  Reafons  which  invited  the  Parliament  to  make        1657. 
that  Delire,  and  give  that  Advice,  to  your  High-    t— — y— — ' 
nefs  to  aflume  the  Title  of  King.    There  is  another,    '  APr'^ 
and  a  very  ftrong  one,  which  is,  That  they  now 
have  actually  given  that  Advice ;  and  the  Advices 
of  Parliaments  are  Things  which  always  ought,  and 
therefore  I  am  confident  will,  carry  with  them  very 
great  Force  and  Authority :  Nor  doth  this  Advice 
come  lingly,  but  accompanied  with  many  other  ex- 
cellent Things,  in  reference  to  our  Civil  and  Spiri- 
tual Liberties,  to  which  your  Highnefs  hath  borne 
a  juft  and  fignal  Teftimony.     It  is  alfo  a  Parlia- 
ment, who  have  given  unqueftionable  Proofs  of  their 
Affection  to  your  Highnefs ;  and  who,  if  liftened  to 
in  this  Particular,  will  be  thereby  encouraged  to  give 
you  more.' 

April  17.  The  Lord  Commiflioner  IVkitlocke  re-  The  Lord  Pro- 
ported  to  the  Houfe  the  foregoing  Conference  withteftor  <3e'i''«  yet 
the  Lord  Protector;  and  that  his  Highnefs  declared cf"erto 
the  Committee's  Reafons  to  be  fo  weighty  as  to  re- 
quire  mature  Deliberation  ;  that  therefore  he  could 
not  then  come  to  a  final  Refolution  as  to  the  Ac- 
ceptance or  Non-acceptance  of  the  Title  propofed 
to  him  ;  though  he  feemed,  to  the  Committee,  to 
decline  it. 

In  confequence  of  this  Report,  the  Houfe  ad- 
journed for  three  Days,  to  give  Time  for  the  Com- 
mittee to  wait  upon  the  Protector  again  j  but  his 
Jiighnefs  happening  to  be  ficlc  the  very  Day  they 
waited  upon  him,  it  was  not  till  the  2Oth  that  they 
were  admitted  to  an  Audience,  which  was  then  put 
off  to  the  next  Day  ;  when,  as  the  Journals  inform 
MS,  he  fpoke  fomething  to  them  as  to  what  had  beenmi<h  °«ar'<»» 
before  offered,  and  gave  them  a  Paper  containing ™«  withT 
feveral  Scruples  as  to  the  Matter  of  their  Petition  Committee. 

and  Advice. This  Paper  it  is  not  in  our  Power 

to  fupply ;  but  the  Want  of  it  is  the  lefs  to  be  re- 
gretted, as  moft  of  the  Protector's  Objections  feem 
to  be  cited,  and  anfwered,  in  the  following  Argu- 
ments of  the  Committee.— We  flill  find  that  the 

prin- 


9O       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  principal  Objection  was  the  Title  of  King;  againft 


1657. 


Lord  Chief  Ju- 

ftice  Glynne. 


which  Cromwell  having  urged,  '  That  all  the  good 
*  Purpofes  of  Government  might  be  as  fully  anfwer- 
'  ed  under  that  of  Prate  ftorj  the  Lord  Chief  Juftice 
Glynne  infifted,  «  That  the  Name  and  Office  of  a 
King  was  eflential  to  the  Settlement  of  the  Nation, 
for  the  following  Reaforis : 

1.  '  Becaufe  it  is  known  to  the  Law;  his  Duty 
is   known   in   reference   to   the   People,    and    the 
People's  Duty  known  in  reference  to  hini :  This 
Cannot  be  tranfmitted  to  another  Name  without 
much  Labour  and  great  Hazard,  if  it  may  at  all. 
To  go  by  Individuals,  and  reckon  up  all  the  Du- 
ties and  Powers  that  a  King,  by  our  Laws,  hath  in 
reference  to  his  Truft  towards  the  People,  and  the 
Duty  of  the  People  towards  him,  is  a  Work  of  fo 
great  Labour,  that  it  would  require  Months,  yea 
Years,  if  not  Ages. 

2.  '  To  apply  its  Relative,  tails  quails ^  would 
introduce  thefe  Difficulties :    It  would   be  a  new 
Thing  :  How  it  would  prove  is  but  guefs'd  at ;  and 
it  is  the  Foundation  Stone ;  'tis  unfafe  to  put  it  to 
a  Hazard  when  you  have  a  fafe  one.     Thofe  Cer- 
tainties and  Securities  that  accompany  the  Title  of 
King,  are  incident  by  the  antient  Laws  and  Cuftoms 
of  the  Nation;  and  that  which  the  other  Office  can 
have,  are  introduclive,  and  given  him  de  nova  from 
this  Parliament,  as  their  antient  Inheritance  who 
can  claim  but  a  new  Title  of  Purchafe. 

3.  *  The  People  and  your  Highnefs  lofe  the  beft 
Title,  both  to  their  Liberty  and  your  Rights,  which 
Is  the  Law,  Antient  Cuftom,  and  Ufage,  and  claim 
5t  only  upon  the  Strength  of  the  Parliament;  but  if 
you  take  it  as  a  King^  you  have  the  Strength  of  both. 

'  4.  *  If  you  a  flu  me  any  other  Name,  and  have  the 
Rights  given  you  by  Parliament,  it  may  feem  as  if 
the  People  had  loft  their  antient  Rights,  and  had 
Need  of  new  ones  to  be  created  by  this  Parlia- 
ment. 

5.  '  The  AfTumption  of  the  Title  of  King,  is, 
without  Need  of  any  other  Authority,  fufficient  to 
protect  the  People,  and  bind  them  to  obey  you. 


Of    ENGLAND.         91 

6.  '  If  you  fhould  take  the  Name  of  Protetlor^  or 
any  other  new  Title,  whatfoevcr  Authority  is  applied 
thereto,  is  but  grafting  upon  a  Stock  that  is  new,  and 
doubtful  whether  it  will  bear  the  Fruits  well,  and 
ftill  liable  to  former  Objections  without  Doors. 

7.  «  If  you  take  the  Title  of  King,  the  Worft- 
affe&ed  cannot  object  againft  your  Authority,  or  at 
all  againft  the  Parliament  as  the  Donor.' 

..-.A) 

The  Lord  Chief  Juftice  Glynne  having  thus  brief- 
ly, but  clofely,  fpoke  to  the  Matter,  Mr.  Lenthall 
proceeded : 

*  Sir,  It  is  certain  that  all  Governments  in  them- Mr.  LtatLa& 
felvcs  may  be  good,  for  none  is  malum  in  je ;  but 
the  Rule  that  hath  always  been  obferved,  is,  Tha{ 
the  moft  neceflary  and  prudent  Courfe  to  govern  a 
Nation,  muft  be  taken  from  that  Proportion  which 
is  moft  fuitable  to  the  Nature  and  Difpofition  of  the 
People  that  are  governed  :  If  this  be  the  general 
Rule  always  in  the  World,  we  may  well  draw  this 
Argument,  both  from  an  abfolute  Neceflity,  and 
ex  Necejfitate  Confequentis  alfo.  The  Chief  Gover- 
nor, in  a  fettled  Government,  being  obliged  to  do 
for  the  Good  of  his  People,  not  only  quod  bonum* 
fed  quod  optimum ;  then  the  Confide  ration  that 
will  follow  properly  here,  will  be,  Whether  the 
Name  of  King,  which  in  the  Judgment  of  the  Law, 
implies  the  Office,  be  not  the  beft  Government  for 
the  People's  Safety,  both  ex  NeceJJitate  Caufa:,  et  ex 
NeccJJitate  Confequentis.  To  explain  this,  it  muft 
be  premifed,  that  when  we  fpeak  of  a  King,  we 
muft  take  the  Difference  between  the  Perfon  digni^ 
fied  with  the  Name,  and  the  Name  itfelf ;  for  this 
muft  be  taken  for  a  fuie  Ground,  that  as  the  Word 
King  is  a  Name,  which  the  Law  doth  look  upon, 
fo  it  hath  its  proper  Bafts  and  Foundation  upon  the 
Law ;  and  is  as  antient  as  the  Law  itfelf.  Now, 
the  Perfon  of  the  King  is  a  Name  that  hath  its 
Dignity  and  Foundation  from  the  Word  King,  as 
€x  Neceffitate  Confequentis ;  becaufe,  in  Reafon,  4 
Man  muft  be  ufed  to  exercifc  that  Authority  which 
proceeds  from  that  Name, 

«  Thefe 


gz       ¥he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  *  Thefe  Things  being  very  clear,  by  the  Funda- 
1657.  mental  Grounds  of  the  Law,  if  then  we  examine 
the  Foundation  of  Things  according  to  the  Rules 
of  the  Law,  it  is  manifeft  that  the  Name  of  King, 
Laws,  Rights,  Properties,  and  Liberties  of  the 
People,  and  alfo  Parliaments  themfelves,  have  but 
one  Foundation;  which  is  Original  or  Prefcription, 
being  antient  Cuftoms,  or  Cuftorns  Time  out  of 
Mind  :  So  that,  in  the  Judgment  of  the  Law,  thefe 
three,  viz.  King,  Law,  and  Parliaments,  are  the 
Parts  of  the  Government  of  this  Nation,  which, 
having  their  Bafis  and  Foundation  from  Prefcrip- 
tion,  conftitute  the  Form  of  it  amongft  us ;  not  a 
Form,  in  the  vulgar  Acceptation  of  the  Word  Form ; 
but  it  is  the  Form  of  Government  fettled  in  this 
Nation,  and  of  the  EfTence  of  it.  Then  to  me 
it  feems  impofiible,  that  any  Act  of  Parliament, 
without  the  Deflrudlion  of  the  P.flential  Part  of  the 
Government,  can  place  that  Office  in  another 
Name,  (be  it  what  it  will)  which  naturally  wants 
the  Foundation  and  Ground  of  that  Power  and  Of- 
fice which  that  Name  imports. 

1.  '  Becaufe  the  Alteration  deftroys  the  Founda- 
tion, which  is  Prefcription ;  and  annexes  to  it  a 
Name  that  the  Law  of  the  Land  hath  no  Acquaint- 
ance with. 

2.  '  It  fets  all  Laws,  Liberties,  and  what  is  dear 
to  us,  upon  a  new  Foundation,  as  to  the  People  ; 
for  whatfoever  is  created  by  an  Act,  cannot  have 
Life  and  Authority  but  from  that  Act,  and  (hall  ne- 
ver look  back  to  its  firft  original  Conftitution.     It 
takes  from  the  People  the  Rules  and  Grounds  which 
they  have  known  by  Experience;  and  fends  them 
to  feek  them  in  a  Power  of  which  no  Wit  of  Man 
can  fuddenly  apprehend   the  Bounds  and  Limits, 
•when  fo  many  Doubts  may  arife,  even  in  the  old 
Foundation,    which  Experience  and  Time  hath  fo 
excellently  refined. 

'  From  thefe  Grounds  I  may  fafely  fay,  That 
there  never  was  but  one  King  in  England  from  the 
firft  Foundation  of  Regal  Power,  and  can  fafely 

Conclude 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       93 

conclude  there  will  never  be  more  ;  although  there 
have  been  many,  and  more  I  hope  there  will  be, 
whofe  Perfons  exercife  that  Office :  For  the  Law 
doth  positively  affirm,  "That  the  King  never  dies : 
Indeed,  the  Perfon,  like  that  of  other  Men,  dies  j  but 
the  Name  and  Thing  hath  a  kind  of  Immortality, 
if  we  confidcr  the  Connexion  of  the  Word  with  the 
Perfon  that  is  inverted  with  that  Namej  who  is  not 
faid  to  die,  but  to  demife,  which  is  to  depofite  and 
to  lay  up  the  Name  and  Title  of  King. 

'  The  common  Ground  is  taken  from  the  Accef- 
fion  of  the  Office  and  Dignity  to  the  Perfon ;  but 
the  tiue  Ground  is  the  Name;  and  the  Office  is  be- 
come Part  of  the  Law,  which  mould  punifh  the  Of- 
fences that  are  committed  againft  it  j  which  proves 
both  the  Neceffity  of  the  Name,  and  the  necef- 
fary  Relation  there  is  between  the  Name  and  the 
Law  ;  and  it  is  a  necefiary  Deduction,  that  the 
Name  of  King  is  the  Thing  wherein  the  Office  and 
Power  is  placed  j  and  therefore  it  is  not  practicable, 
by  any  Statute,  or  Act  of  Parliament,  to  divide  the 
Power  and  Office  from  the  Name,  and  transfer  that 
Power  without  the  Name  :  The  Word  King  hath 
fuch  eflential  Reference  to  the  Law,  that  it  never 
looks  to  the  Perfon,  to  make  that  the  Ground  of 
Eflence ;  if  it  had  but  the  Name,  the  Law  was  fa- 
tisfied  ;  and  therefore  it  never  examined  the  Right 
of  the  Perfon,  how  he  became  invefted  with  the 
Power ;  but,  dt  Faflo,  whether  he  were  fo  or  not ; 
and  if  fo,  whether  de  Fatla^  or  de  Jure,  it  hath  the 
fame  Influence  upon  the  People's  Rights,  and  the 
fame  Advantages  to  the  Chief  Governor. 

4  There  is  alfo  another  Reafon  why  the  Office 
cannot  be  annex'd  to  another  Name,  either  by  Act 
of  Parliament,  or  otherwife;  for  in  any  other  Name 
you  muft  fuppofe  the  Office,  the  King  ;  fo  that  any 
other  Name  is  but  a  Fiction  in  refpect  of  the  right 
Name  ;  and  it  would  be  very  dangerous  both  to  our 
Laws  and  Properties,  to  lay  the  Bafis  and  Founda- 
tion upon  a  Fiction ;  which  was  a  Reafon  why  fome 
Judges  forbore  to  act  upon  the  Name  of  Cu/lodes 

Li- 


94       7&?  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Libertatis  Angiice,  &c. a  and  the  fame  Reafon  holds 
upon  any  other  Name.  Mr  Lenthall  alfo  further 
T'T  ~~  urged,  '  That  this  Petition  and  Advice  was  Matter 
of  Right,  not  of  Grace,  which  was  never  denied  by 
any  Prince  in  this  Nation,  nor  could  be,  becaufe 
there  was  an  Obligation  in  all  Cafes  to  do  Right ; 
and  this  Obligation  was  upon  the  Proteflor,  whilft 
he  took  upon  him  the  Chief  Magiftracy.' 

Colonel  Philip  Jones  fpoke  next  to  this  EfFecT: : 

May  it  pleafe  your  Highnefs, 

Od.  Jsnes.  <  I  am  unwilling  to  fpend  much  Time  in  fpeaking 

after  thofe  two  learned  and  honourable  Perfons  that 
fpake  latt ;  and  therefore  {hall  endeavour,  in  what 
I  have  to  offer  to  thofe  Doubts  you  were  pleafed  to 
make  when  this  Committee  had  the  Honour  laft  to 
attend  you,  to  be  as  brief  as  may  be. 

'  Your  Highnefs  was  pleafed  then  to  fay,  e  That 

*  though  the  Arguments  brought  in  Favour  of  the 

*  Title  of  King,  in  the  Petition  prefented  to  you  by 
'  the  Parliament,  were  weighty  ;  yet,  in  your  an- 

*  fwering  them,  you  muft  not  grant  them  to  be  ne- 
'  ceflary  Conclufions;  but  take  them  as  having  much. 
'  of  Conveniency  and  Probability  towards  a  Conclu- 
'  fion;  for  if  an  Expedient  could  be  found,  they 

*  were  not  then  neceflary.'    And  you  was  pleafed  to 
tell  us,    «  That  tho'  King/hip  be  not  a  Title,  but 

*  an  Office  interwoven  in  our  Laws,  yet  it  is  not  fo 
'  Ratione  Nominis,  but  from  what  it  fignifies ;  that 

*  being  a  Name  of  Office  plainly  implying  the  Su- 

*  preme  Magiftracy  :  And  therefore  whatever  Name 

*  it  be,  wherein  the  Supreme  Magiftracy  refides,  the 
"  Signification  will  give  it  to  the  Thing;,  and  not  to 
'  the  Name;  and  feeing  this  Title  had  a  Commence- 

*  ment,  and  aifo  hath  been  unfix'd,  why  might  not  a 
'  new  one  now  commence,  and  be  now  fix'd  by  the 

'  Le- 

a  The  Names  of  the  Judges,  who  refufed  to  aft  as  fuch,  under 
the  Authority  of  the   new  Commonwealth,   were    ^Trevor,   Bacon, 

Crefif/J,     itktns,  Br'<: •  ne    and  Btdingfield. See  the  Declaration 

of  the  CoKtncm  en  tbft  Qccafion,  in  tur  Nines eentb  Felume,  p.  7. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       95 

r  Legiflative  Authority;  and  thereby  be  made  to  run  Inter-regmnu. 
'  through  the  Law,  as  well  as  the  Title  of  King  ?         l6S7- 
*  From  whence  you  did  infer  that  this  Title  is  not    *"-7v^T"1' 
6  neceflary.'    But,  Sir,  if  the  Intention  of  the  Par- 
liament, in  this  their  humble  Addrefs  to  you,  be 
confidered,  viz.  That  it  is  a  Settlement,  it  would 
be  likewife  to  be  confidered,  whether  a  new  Name 
will  not  be  found,  in  this  Cafe,  to  make  a  new  Of- 
fice alfo  ;  and  whether  then  the  Novelty  thereof 
will  not  hazard,  if  not  fruftrate,  that  great  End  of 
Settlement;  the  Antiquity,  and  Trial,  of  Laws,  be- 
ing that  which  doth  beget  the  greateft  Reverence 
and  Satisfaction  of  them  in  the  People. 

'  Now  that  the  Change  of  the  Name  makes  it  a 
new  Office,  will  appear,  both  in  refpecT:  of  his  Au- 
thority who  bears  the  Office,  and  in  refpecT:  of  the 
People's  Obligation  in  Matter  of  Obedience  to  that 
new  Officer :  For,  by  the  antient  Law,  he  cannot 
claim  Subjection  from  them,  nor  can  the  People 
thereby  claim  Protection  from  him ;  the  Strength 
then  of  the  Settlement,  and  of  their  Rights  and  Li- 
berties, as  far  as  they  relate  to  this  new  Supreme 
Magiftracy,  will  reft  upon  a  new  and  untried  Con- 
ftitution  ;  and  his  Authority,  upon  the  fame  Foun- 
dation. TheWifdom  of  our  Anceftors,  even  in  lefler    , 
Matters,  when  they  introduced  a  new  Law,  made 
it,  for  the  moft  Part,  a  Probationer  only;  and  I 
may  humbly  fay,  we  have  now,  fome  Years,  been 
making  Probationaries  of  new  Governments;  there- 
fore the  Parliament,  finding  the  People  not  yet  fix'd 
and  reconciled  to  any  of  them,  return  to  that  which, 
by  long  Experience  and  Cuftom,  hath  been  found  to 
fuit  with  their  Minds  and  Rights ;  the  People  ha- 
ving not  the  fame  Satisfaction  nor  Acquiefcence  in 
any  newThing,  as  they  have  in  long-approv'd  Laws 
and  Cuftoms ;  fince  a  new  Thing  is  in  itfelf  uncer- 
tain, not  only  whether  it  will  prove  good  or  no,  but 
alfo  in  this  Cafe,  in  refpedl  that  one  main  Property 
of  the  Settlement,  being  a  co-ordinate  Power,  de- 
pends upon  it ;  and  it  will  be1  fubjed  to  be  contro- 
verted whether  one  Co-ordinate  is  well  put  by  ano- 
ther, 


g6       The  Parliamentary 

Inter. regnum.  ther,  or  may  not,  by  the  like  Power  that  fets  it 

1657.       tip,  be  pulled  down  again;  which  cannot  but  leave 

%•>!  ••%•••  «J  Men's  Minds  as  dubious  of  a  Settlement  as  ever, 

April,        Things  difputable  naturally  carrying  Unfetdement 

with  them. 

'  Time  and  Experience  hath  grafted  the  Name 
and  Office  of  King  in  the  Minds  of  the  People;  and 
that,  as  I  faid  already,  begets  Reverence  and  Satif- 
faction  in  their  Minds.  Alfo,  they  were  the  Ex- 
orbitances of  the  Office,  which,  in  a  great  Meafure, 
this  Petition  provides  againft,  that  was  complained 
of,  and  not  the  Office  nor  Name,  which  are  found- 
ed upon  the  antient  Laws  :  The  altering  of  either 
alters  the  Conftitution,  and  lays  it  upon  a  Founda- 
tion lefs  certain,  and  eafier  to  be  fhaken ;  and  there- 
fore, to  take  up  the  Office  without  the  Title,  will 
be  to  take  it  up  with  all  the  Objections  of  Scandal 
or  otherwife  it  is  faid  to  be  liable  to ;  and  at  the  fame 
Time  to  want  the  Support  of  the  antient  Laws  it 
carries  with  it,  and  the  Advantage  of  fatisfying  and 
fettling  the  Minds  of  fuch  of  the  People  of  thefe  Na- 
tions, as,  by  the  Confideration  of  the  Novelty,  and 
what  in  this  Cafe  attends  it,  will  otherwife  reft 
doubtful  and  unfettled. 

'  Thefe  are  fome  of  the  Grounds  I  obferved  in 
the  Debate  of  the  Parliament,  to  induce  them  to 
judge  this  Title  not  only  expedient,  but,  in  refpedt 
of  a  Settlement,  neceflary.' 

*  Your  Highnefs  was  pleafed  to  object  alfo, e  The 
4  Diflfatisfaction  of  good  Men,  which  you  judged,  in 
c  Things  indifferent,  were  to  be  confidered  :'  They 
are  fo;  and  it  hath  been  judged  by  the  Parliament, 
who  (hewed  great  Tendernefs  in  that  Kind,  and  I 
hope  ever  will :  But  in  this  Matter  they  are  found, 
by  the  Parliament,  not  to  be  indifferent,  but  necef- 
fary  for  the  Settlement  of  thefe  Nations ;  and  they 
hoped  that,  in  thofe  Things  wherein  good  People 
have  not  already  been  fatisfied,  they  will  calmly  en- 
deavour for  Satisfaction;  and  that  when  the  Matter 
of  this  Petition  comes  to  be  more  public,  they  will 
find  fuch  Care  and  Provifion  made  for  good  Men, 

and 


Of   ENGLAND.        97 

and  good  Things,  that  will  certainly  give  them  Sa-  Interregnum; 
tisfaction.  I  think  I  may  fafely  fay,  fuch  a  pofitive 
Provifion  for  their  Liberties  and  Encouragement, 
hath  not  been  found  out  under  any  former  Kingy 
nor  any  other  Form  of  Government,  to  which  your 
Highnefs  hath  been  pleafed  yourfelf  to  give  that  Te- 
flimony  ;  fo  that  it  is  not  to  Kingfhip  alone,  as  for- 
merly, that  the  Parliament  advifes  your  Highnefs, 
but  to  the  Office,  with  fuch  and  fuch  a  Provifion 
made  for  the  Public  Intereft :  And  if  then  your 
Highnefs,  of  whofe  Faithfulnefs  to  their  Intereft 
good  People  have  received  fuch  ample  Teftimony, 
will  be  pleafed  to  confent  to  this  Petition  of  the 
Parliament,  (an  Authority  always  of  no  fmall  Efteern 
and  Reverence  with  the  beft  Men)  I  doubt  not  but, 
when  it  is  done,  they  will  chearfully  acquiefce,  tho* 
while  it  is  doing  they  may  have  Scruples. 

«  As  for  that  *  of  Providence  laying  afide  the  Ti- 

*  tie,'  I  think  the  Argument  hence  will  be  as  cogent 
againft  the  Office  itfelf,  and  againft  Government  by 
a  Single  Perfon  under  any  Tide ;  the  Acts  of  Par- 
liament mentioned,  are  as  exprefly  againft  the  one 
as  the  other ;  and  therefore  the  Exercife  of  the  Su- 
preme Power  by  a  Single  Perfon,  under  any  Title,  is 
as  much  a  Contradiction  of  Providence  and  of  thefe 
Acts  of  Parliament,  as  the  Exercife  thereof  under 
the  Title  of  a  King :  But  certainly  the  laying  afide 
of  a  Thing  de  Fafto,  though  indeed  it  be  an  Act  of 
Providence,  yet  it  cannot  t>e  conftrued  that  the  In- 
tendment  of  that  Providence  is  finally  to  lay  it  afide, 
never  to  be  re-afTumed  again.     The  Confequences 
of  fuch  a  Pofition  are  many,  and  may  be  dangerous  5 
for  what  is  there,  by  that  Rule,  which  is  not  to  be 
laid  afide  ? 

*  I  now  remember  an  Objection,  made  by  your 
Highnefs  in  another  Place,  which  I  had  almoft  for- 
got ;  <  That  we  did  enjoy  our  Laws,  and  that  Ju- 

*  ftice  was  freely  adminiftred,  under  feveral  Changes 
'  and  Titles  j  as  under  that  of  the  Keepers  of  the  Li- 
«  berty  ^England,  and  that  of  Prottftor>  the  Title 
«  your  Hiphnefs  now  bears.'     To  which  I  humbly 
anfvver,  That,  if  fo,  Thanks  are  rather  to  be  given 

VOL,  XXI.  G  to 


98       'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter- regnum.  to  the  Perfons  into  whofe  Hands  the  Power  fell,  than 
^  — 5—  _j  to  the  Conftitutions.  However,  I  crave  Leave  to 
April.  fay  tn's>  That  Changes  imply  not  a  Settlement ; 
and,  fince  Providence  has  led  us  from  our  old  Con- 
ftitution,  we  have  in  a  few  Years  had  four  or  five 
Changes;  and  that  thefe  Changes  have  not  been  ac- 
companied with  more  Hazard,  is  a  Matter  of  Praife 
to  the  Lord,  and  of  Commendation  to  the  Powers 
we  have  been  under :  But  if  one  Providence  hath 
laid  afide  King/hip,  another  leads  it  in,  and  calls 
upon  you  to  take  it  up.  And  it  is  to  me  a  remark- 
able Thing,  that  Providence  hath  caft-it  under  fuch 
Conftitutions  and  Laws,  as  that,  when  we  have 
thrown  out  the  Tyrant  that  opprefTed  us  in  our  Spi- 
ritual and  Civil  Rights,  we  can,  by  our  antient 
Laws,  graft  another  Perfon  in,  that  may  be  a  fit  In- 
ftrument  to  preferve  both;  who  (as  the  learned  Per- 
fon  that  fpoke  laft  faid)  may  make  up,  as  it  were, 
but  one  King  thefe  five  hundred  Years,  the  Law  not 
admitting  an  Inter-regnum:  From  whence  I  infer, 
That  as  it  was  not  the  End  or  Defign  of  our  War 
that  led  us,  (as  appears  by  fix  or  feven  Declarations  of 
the  Parliament,  one  whereof  was  ordered  to  be  read 
in  all  Churches)  fo  neither  did  Providence  lead  us  to 
lay  afide  either  the  Name  or  Office,  but  only  that 
Family  which  opprefied  us.  And  fince  all  Men's 
Lives  and  Liberties  depend  on  this  Settlement,  it  is 
iieceflary  to  lay  it  on  the  ftrongeft  Foundation  that 
may  be. 

*  And  '  as  for  that  of  Safety,'  it  is  not  for  me  to 
fpeak  much  to  it;  but  certainly  it  is  to  be  hoped, 
that  as  a  Parliament  advifes  your  Highnefs  toThings 
honeft  and  lawful,  and  by  them  judged  neceflary  for 
a  good  Settlement,  and  therein  takes  Care  and  pro- 
vides for  our  Rights  as  Men  and  Chriftians,  and  for 
your  Highnefs's  Safety,  all  Dangers  (by  God's  Blef- 
fing  upon  your  Highnefs's  Wifdom,  back'd  with 
fuch  an  Authority,  and  an  Army  under  the  Conduct 
of  fo  many  religious  and  faithful  Perfons,  fo  well 
principled  to  the  Obedience  of  lawful  Powers)  may 

be 


Q/*    ENGLAND.        99 

be  prevented.     And  therefore  I  humbly  hope  thaf  Inter-regnum. 
God  will  incline  your  Highnefs  to  grant  the  Petition 
and  Advice  of  the  Parliament.' 

Colonel  Jones  having  done,  Sir  Richard  Onflow  Sir  Ricbard  On- 
next  canvafs'd  the  Argument  with  the  Protestor  j/k»« 
chiefly  by  way  of  urging  Cromwell\  Objections,  and 
making  Replies  to  them  :  And  as  to  the  firft,  '  That 

*  the  Title  of  King  was  the  Name  of  an  Office,  and 
'  any  other  Name,  which  might  imply  the  Supreme 

*  Magiltrate,  had  the  fame  Signification  ;  and  there- 

*  fore  no  Neceffity  of  the  Name ;'  he  ani  vvered, 
'  That  every  Office  ought  to  have  a  Name  adequate 
to  the  faid  Office ;  and  no  other  Name  than  King 
could  be  fuitable,  and  comprehenfive  enough  to  con- 
tain in  it  the  Common  Good  to  all  Intents  and  Pur- 
pofes. 

*  That  it  was  a  Rule,  that  the  Kings  of  England 
could  not  alter  the  Laws  of  England,  Ratione  No- 
minis  \  but  were  bound  to  govern  according  to  the 
Laws  of  England;  and  for  any  other  Name,  there 
was  no  Obligation  lay  upon  it. 

*  That  the  very  Title  is  neceflary,  was  declared 
in  the  Qth  Year  of  Edward  the  Fourth,  in  the  great 
Controverfy  betwixt  him  and  Henry  the  Sixth,  when 
tome  times  one  was  in  PofTeffion,  and  then  the  other: 
'That  it  was  neceflary  the  Realm  fhould  have  a  King, 
under  whom  the  Laws  might  be  maintained  and 
holden ;  for  every  A&ion  done  by  the  King  in  Pof- 
feffion  was  valid  and  good,  becaufe  it  was  his  Jurif- 
diction  Royal ;  fo  like  wife  in  the  ift  of  Henry  the 
Seventh,  and  alfb  in  the  3d,  the  fame  Opinion  was 
held  and  declared,  That  a  King,  de  Faffo,  was  ne- 
ceflary ;  and,  in  all  Alterations  of  Perfons  and  Fa- 
milies, yet  our  Anceftors  always  retained  the  Title 
and  the  Name. 

*  That  there  was  a  Prius  and  a  Primum :  Ano- 
ther Name  might,  in  Order  and  Degree,  be  firft;. 
that  is,  before  other  Men;  but  a  King  was  Primum, 
the  rirft  Name,  that  had  its  Beginning  with  our 
Laws. 

G  2  «  That 


loo    *rhe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.      «  That  the  Cuftoms  of  England  were  the  Laws 
*6S7.        of  England*  as  well  as  our  Statute  Laws  :  That  the 

l— *-v— •"•J    Title  of  King  and  Cujlom  were  Twins  born  toge- 
ApriJ'        ther,  and  had  had  Continuance  together;  and  there- 
fore to  join  Proteflor^  of  which  they  knew  the  Date, 
with  Cuftom,  of  which  no  Memory  could  fpeak,  was 
a  Kind  of  Contradiction  to  the  Original. 

'  That  then  there  muft  be  an  introdu&ive  Law, 
becaufe  Proteftor  was  a  new  Name  which  our  Law 
did  not  yet  know :  That,  now,  to  ingraft  a  young 
Scion  upon  an  old  Stock,  it  would  never  grow;  but 
there  muft  be  an  Eradication  of  the  old  Root,  and 
a  new  Plantation  muft  be  made;  all  the  old  Cuf- 
toms muft  be  put  into  pofitive  Laws ;  which 
would  be  a  Work  of  much  Time  and  great  Diffi- 
culty. 

*  That  the  Title  of  King  was  fo  incorporated  and 
conjoined  with  our  Cujloms,  that  it  did  very  much 
concern  the  People  of  England  to  have  them  upheld ; 
and  then  there  was  a  Rule,  SQuesque  Res  in  Con- 
junRione,  pro  Bono  Conjunftionis ;  that  every  Thing 
in  Conjundtion  ought  to  be  done  for  the  Good  and 
Benefit  of  the  Conjunction;  and  that,  if  it  were  for 
the  Advantage  of  the  Single  Perfon  and  the  People, 
k  brought  him  in  Mind  of  another  Rule  his  old  Ma- 
AerTuJly  taught  him,  Communis  Utilitatis  Dereliflio 
contra  Naturam  ejl ;  it  was  not  natural  to  decline 
that  which  was  for  a  common  Benefit  and  Advan- 
tage: And  therefore  he  fhould  fay  but  this  as  to  the 
Title,  That  as  the  Patriarch  Jacob  joined  together, 
in  his  Bleffing  upon  Judah,  the  Law- giver  and  the 
Scepter,  fo  the  Parliament  of  the  Three  Nations 
delired  to  preferve  the  Title  of  King  in  and  upon  the 
Law. 

'  As  to  the  fecond  Objection  his  Highnefs  was 
pleafed  to  draw  from  Providence,  *  that  had  brought 
*  them  to  that  Place  through  much  Darknefs,  and 
'  had  feemed  to  lay  the  Title  of  King  afide :' 

'  He  replied,  '  That  it  became  all  Men  to  ac- 
knowledge the  Actings  of  the  Providence  and  Power 
of  God,  for  bringing  to  pafs  whatfoerer  he  had  de- 
termined 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      101 

tcrmined  in  the  World;  and  that  it  was  the  mighty 
and  wife  Hand  of  Providence  which  triumph'd  over 
Nations,  and  triumph'd  and  trod  down  all  Oppofi- 
tions :  That  yet  his  Highnefs  had  obferved  it  was 
not  a  Rule  to  walk  by  without  the  Word ;  the  Rea- 
fon,  the  Caufes,  were  hidden  in  the  fecret  Councils 
of  God's  Will :  That  we  might  fee,  in  the  Reve- 
lations, the  Book  was  fealed  with  feven  Seals,  that 
we  might  read  what  was  paft,  becaufe  written  on 
the  Outfide  of  a  Book ;  but  what  was  to  come  we 
could  not  read ;  and  we  ought  not  to  limit  Provi- 
dence, nor  could  we  bound  it  with  a  Ne  plus  ultra. 
«  In  Anfwer  to  the  third  Objection,  «  That  this 
6  State  had,  by  Providence,  receiv'd  feveral  Changes, 

*  particularly  two  great  ones,  from  the  former  Con-r 

*  ftitution ;  that  of  the  Keepers  of  the  Liberty  of 

*  England^  and  the  prefent  Government  under  the 

*  Title  of  ProtsElor ;  and  that  the  firft  feemed  to  be 
«  the  Refult  of  feven  Years  War  againft  the  Title 

*  and  the  Family  :' 

'  He  argued,  '  That  it  muft  be  confefled  it  proved 
the  Event  of  feven  Years  War,  but  the  Reafons  of 
the  War  did  not  lead  to  it,  for  the  War  was  for  the 
King  and  Parliament ;  for  the  Office,  but  againft 
the  rerfon,  againft  the  Exorbitancy  and  Irregula- 
rities of  his  Government ;  but  it  was  Providence 
that  took  away,  at  that  Time,  both  the  Office  and 
the  Family : 

'  That  it  was  alfo  Providence  that  altered  it  from 
that  of  a  Republic  to  this  of  a  Protettor ;  that  A6t 
being  as  much  againft  a  Proteftor  as  a  King,  for  it 
was  againft  a  Single  Perfon : 

'  And  might  not  this  Parliament,  by  the  fame 
Series  of  Providence,  as  well  fet  up  Kingly  Govern- 
ment, as  that  Parliament  took  it  away,  having  alfo 
the  fame  Power  they  had  ? 

«  Then  for  a  fourth  Objection,  «  Why  his  High- 

*  ncl's  would  not  accept  of  the  Title,  becaufe  of  the 

*  Diilatisfadion  many  Perfons,  who  had  been  inftru- 

*  mental  in  carrying  on  the  Work,  had  againft  that 

*  Tide ;' 

G3  •  His 


Inter-regnum. 
1657. 

'  April. 


1 02     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

*  His  Anfwer  was,  '  That  in  every  Change  of 
Government  there  was,  and  ftill  would  be,  Perfons 
unfatisfied,  becaufe  Men  were  of  mix'd  Irterefts, 
and  different  Judgments.     Upon  the  Change  to  a 
Republic,   thofe  that  conceived  the  Monarchical 
Government  beft,  were  unfatisfied :  But  all  ought  to 
fubmit,  and   be  concluded  by  the  Judgment  of  a 
Parliament.' 

'  That  his  Highnefs  was  pleafed  to  fay,  *  That 
neither  himfelf,  nor  thofe  that  tendered  to  him  the 
Inftrument,  were  Authors  of  the  firft  Change,  but 
it  was  the  Long  ^Parliament ;  fo  that  he  might 
conclude  they  were  not  engaged  for  the  Govern- 
ment by  a  King :' 

'  He  replied,  l  That  it  had  been  indeed  the  Ho- 
nour of  the  Soldiery,  that,  in  all  thefe  Changes, 
they  had  ftill  followed  Providence,  and  had  acqui- 
efced ;  acting  and  living  in  practical  Conformity  ; 
but  he  wiflied  they  would  now  be  fatisfied,  for  their 
Love-fhke  to  them,  and  their  Labours  for  them  : 
That  high  fhould  his  Reward  be  in  Heaven,  and 
happy  his  Remembrance  on  Earth,  that  would  be 
the  Means  of  fuch  an  Accord  ;  but  to  fatisfy  all 
Men,  fo  divided  as  they  were,  .would  be  no  lefs 
than  a  Wonder  :  That  he  fhould  repeat  a  Parable, 
in  Ezekiel  xxxvii,  16.  where  the  Lord  faid  to  the 
Prophet,  Take  two  Sticks,  write  upon  one  Stick  for 
Judah  and  the  Children  cf  Ifrael'j  Companions ;  and 
take  the  other  Stick^  and  write  upon  it  for  Jofcph, 
the  Stick  of  Ephraim,  and  all  the  Houje  of  JfraelV 
Companions  ;  and  join  thefe  two  Sticks  in  one  Stick , 
and  they  Jhall  become  one  in  thy  Hand ;  thefe  are  the 
two  Nations  of  Ifrael  and  Judah,  two  diftant  and 
different  Names,  but  they  foall  come  under  one  Kingy 
and  David  /hall  be  their  King:  Thus  they  were 
united.' 

«  As  to  the  laft  Objeaion,  «  That  Juftice  had 

*  been  as  well  adminiftered,  and  as  free  from  Solli- 

*  citations,  under  thefe  Changes,  as  before  :' 

*  He  told  the  Protector,  That  his  Highnefs  was 
pleafed  to  fay,  *  He  undertook  that  Charge  to  prefei  ve 

them 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       103 

them  from  Confufion,'  which  indeed  was  the  word  Inter- regnum. 
of  Evils  ;  and  the  fame  Reafon  might  prevail  with         l6S7- 
Judges,  and  other  Magiftrates,  to  execute  Juftice,  *~J'^Vr^~" 
and  give  to  Men  their  Rights,  which  was  fo  defi- 
rable  to  all  Men,  and  of  abfolute  Neceflity. 

'  That  Juttice  might  be  compared  to  the  Water 
in  the  Spring ;  if  kept  from  its  Natural  Channel,  it 
would  break  its  Way  through  the  Bowels  of  the 
Earth  :  That  Nature  fometimes  might  fuffer  Vio- 
lence :  That  there  was  a  Peace  in  a  Cedution  of 
War ;  and  there  was  a  Peace  that,  in  regard  of  the 
Diftra6tions,  might  be  termed  but  an  intermitting 
Peace ;  for  his  Highnefs  was  pleafed  to  acknow- 
ledge, that  the  People  called  for  a  Settlement  j  from 
which,  under  Favour,  he  might  infer,  that,  as  yet, 
there  was  no  Settlement  fo  well  made,  as  to  be  ac- 
counted perfect  and  good. 

'  That  his  Highnefs  was  pleafed  to  declare,  *  He 
*  had  rather  take  a  Title  from  this  Parliament, 
«  than  any  other  Title  from  any  other  Place,  or 
'  without  it.' 

«  Upon  which  he  obferved,  That  the  Parliament 
of  England  was  the  Womb  of  the  Commonwealth ; 
;md  in  that  Womb  there  had  been  a  Conception  and 
Shape,  Proportion  and  Form,  and  Life  and  Growth, 
as  far  as  the  Navel  could  nouriih ;  that  there  had 
been  alfo  a  Delivery,  and  a  Name  given;  that  there 
had  been  Conceptu  conceptus,  Partus  et  Opus  j  and 
that  it  had  been  a  great  Work  to  bring  us  to  this 
Delivery :  That  it  was  therefore  the  humble  Advice 
of  the  Parliament,  That  his  Highnefs  would  be 
pleafed  to  make  it  fpeak  the  Englijh  Tongue. 

The  Lord  Commiflioner  Fiennes,  next,  addrefs'd  Mr.  F/c«wi. 
himfelf  to  the  Proteclor  to  this  EffecT::    '  Your 
Highnefs,  the  other  Day,  laid  down,  as  a  Ground 
of  your  enfuing  Difcourfe,  this  Pofition,  *  That 

*  there  was  no  Neceffity  of  the  Name  and  Title  of 

*  KingS   upon    which   Foundation   your  Highnefs 
feemed  to  build  your  Arguments  and  Reafons  of 
DiflatLs  faction, 

«  As 


104    The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regoum,       «  As  to  that  Name  and  Title,  and  that  in  fuch 
l657-        Sort  as  the  Matter  is  now  circumftantiated  and  ftated 
^^~*~~'  by  your  Highnefs,  there  is  a  Neceffity  either  in  the 
Affirmative  or  Negative ;  if  it  be  not  neceflary  that 
the  Name  be  affumed,  it  is  of  Neceffity  to  be  de- 
clined ;  and  if  no  Neceffity  to  decline  it,  then  there 
is  a  Neceffity  to  aflume  it:  For  although  the  Nature 
of  the  Thing  itfelf  is  fuch  as,  poffibly,  may  admit 
a  Latitude  of  Argument  upon  the  Point  of  Expedi- 
ency and  Conveniency ;  and  that  we  are  not  (hut 
up  under  an  abfolute  Neceffity  either  the  one  Way 
or  the  other;  yet  the  Parliament  having  given  their 
Judgment  upon  it,  and  their  Advice  to  your  High- 
hefs  in  it,  your  Highnefs  feems  to  admit  that  there 
lies  a  Kind  of  Neceffity  upon  you  to  affume  it,  if 
there  be  not  a  Neceffity  to  wave  it :  For  you  will 
jiot,  without  Neceffity,   decline  the  Advice  of  the 
Parliament,  having  faid,  '  That  you  fhould  rather 
*  chufe  any  Name  which  they  ftiould  fix,  than  any 
'  Name  whatfoever  without  them.'     Then  it  im- 
ports thus  much,  That  you  will  not  put  Expediency 
and  Conveniency,  but  only  Neceffity,  in  Balance 
with  their  Judgment,  who  are  the  proper  Judges 
of  Things  of  that  Nature,  and  what  is  moft  expe- 
dient and  convenient  therein  for  the  Three  Nations 
which  they  reprefent :  And  it  is  certain  there  is  a 
Kind  of  Impoffibility,   at  once,  to  enumerate  all 
particular  Cafes  and  Circumftances,  wherein  the 
Chief  Magiftrate  (hall,  or  (hall  not,  have  Power  or 
Right ;  which  has  been  the  Work  of  many  Hun- 
dreds of  Years,  whereby  the  Laws  are  fitted,  in  all 
Particulars,  to  the  Name  and  Title  of  King;  but  to 
the  Name  of  Proteftor^  or  any  new  Name,  either 
all  Cafes   and  Circumftances  muft,   by  particular 
^Enumeration,  be  applied ;  or  it  muft  be  left,  at  leaft 
in  what  is  not  enumerated,  boundlefs  and  lawlefs, 
which  it  fhould  not  be ;  or  elfe,  to  fuit  a  particular 
Enumeration,  there  muft  be  a  general  Claufe,  That 
in  all  Things,  not  particularly  fpecified,  they  fhail 
be  defined  by  the  Laws  and  Rights  belonging  to  the 
Name  of  King.   Then  the  Queftion  will  be  meerly 

jiominal 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       105 

nominal,  and  confequcntly  not  to  be  put  in  Balance  inter-rcjnum. 
with  the  Judgment  of  Parliament:  Befides,  the  De-        1657. 
finition  being  identically  the  very  fame,  and  no  Dif-    *— -v~* 
ference  but  only  that  of  a  new  Name ;  this,  in  the        A^ 
Judgment  of  divers  wife  Men,  may  draw  after  it  fuch 
a  Confequence  as  the  putting  of  old  Wine  into  a  new 
Bottle,  which  may  hazard  the  Lofs  of  the  Thing, 
and  of  the  Laws  and  Liberties  of  the  Nation,  which 
are  defired  to  be  preferved  thereby. 

'  Magiftracy  is,  certainly,  an  Ordinance  of  God 
primarily,  yet  particular  Forms  of  Magiftracy  and 
Government,  and  much  more  the  Circumftances  of 
thofe  Forms,  as  Names,  Titles,  and  the  like,  are 
firft  Ordinances  of  Men,  before  they  are  Ordinances 
of  God  :  Firft,  Man  fets  his  Stamp  upon  them,  and 
then  God  alfo  fets  his  Imprefs  upon  them ;  and 
therefore,  though  they  be  but  Ordinances  of  Men, 
yet  the  Apoftle  faith,  We  are  to  fubmit  unto  them 
for  the  Lord's  Sake,  whether  to  the  King  as  Supreme* 
or  unto  Governors,  as  thofe  that  are  fent  by  htm ; 
and  what  Peter  calls  Ordinances  of  Men,  Paul  calls 
Ordinances  of  God;  and  yet  they  are  to  be  obey'd, 
not  only  for  Fear,  but  alfo  for  Confcience  Sake; 
fo  that  in  thefe  Forms  of  Government  Men  may  do 
as  they  will,  as  in  other  Contracts,  wherein  it  is 
free  for  them  to  contract  or  not  to  contract,  or  to 
make  their  Covenants  this  Way  or  another ;  but 
when  they  have  made  them  they  muft  keep  them, 
for  then  God's  Seal  is  upon  them. 

'  Now,  as  to  the  Matter  in  Queftion,  it  is  clear, 
that  the  unqueftionable  Stamp  of  human  Authority, 
and  the  Ordinance  of  Man  in  thefe  Nations,  hath 
conjoined  the  Office  and  Name  of  King  for  many 
hundred  Years  together :  And,  if  it  was  waved  and 
laid  afide  of  late  Years,  it  is  now  fet  up  again  by  as 
pood  an  Authority,  and  a  fuller  Reprefentative  of 
the  Three  Nations ;  and  though  it  be  only  by  Peti- 
tion to  your  Highnefs,  yet  it  is  in  fome  Sort  a  Peti- 
tion of  Right:  tor  the  People  of  thefe  Nations  have 
an  Intereft  in  their  Government  and  Laws,  where- 
of this  was  amongft  the  Fundamentals,  as  well  as 
*n  their  Liberties  and  Lands  3  and  though  particu- 
lar 


io6     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  lar  Perfons  may  have  forfeited  their  Intereft  in  the 
l6S7-  Government,  yet  I  do  not  know  that  the  Nations 
c""""Yr"*''  have  forfeited  their  Intereft  therein. 

*  If  this  Point  (hall  feem  to  be  driven  too  far,  yet 
it  is  clear  that  if  this  Office,  under  the  Name  and 
Title  of  King)  be  moft  known,  and  moft  fuitable 
to  the  Laws  of  thefe  Nations,  moft  agreeable  to  the 
Defires  and  Difpofitions  of  the  People,  and  moft 
likely  to  maintain  Quiet  and  Peace  in  the  Nations 
with  Juftice  and  Liberty,  (which  are  the  great  Ends 
of  Government,  and  of  all  Forms  and  Names  there- 
in) as  in  the  Judgment  of  the  Parliament  it  is: 
Then,  as  it  is  the  Duty  of  the  Parliament  to  advife 
it,  fo  doth  it  thereby  lay  an  Obligation  upon  your 
Highnefs  to  accept  it,  as  a  necefTary  Medium  to  at- 
tain thofe  Ends. 

'  And  whereas  your  Highnefs  is  pleafed  to  fay, 

*  This  Medium  is  not  neceflary,  becaufe  the  Ends 

*  may  be  attained  by  another  Medium,  as  appeareth 

*  in  thefe  two  Names  and  Titles,  Cuftodes  Libertath 
'  Anglits,  and  Protettor :'  It  may  be  affirm'd  of  the 
one,  that  the  Experience  of  it  was  but  of  fhort  Con- 
tinuance ;  and  of  the  other,  that  it  hath  and  doth  ftill 
ftand  but  in  a  (baking  and  uncertain  Condition ;  and 
of  both,  that  they  have  attained  the  End  but  imper- 
fec-tly,  and  that  through  the  Help  of  a  great  deal  of 
Force.     Befides,  if  the  Parliament,  (and  they  fup- 
pofe  the  like  Reafon  extends  alfo  to  your  Highnefs) 
when  perfuaded  in  their  Judgments  that  your  ta- 
king the  Name  and  Title  of  King  is  the  beft  Me- 
dium to  preferve  the  Liberties  and  the  Peace  of  the 
Nations,  fhould  make  Choice  of  a  weaker  Prop,  no 
Neceflity  appearing  unto  them  fo  to  do ;  and  that 
thereupon  ftiould  enfue  great  Inconveniences ;  and 
the  Band  of  Peace  being  broken,  Blood  and  Confu- 
fion  fhould  return  upon  the  Nation ;  it  muft  needs 
alfo  return  upon  their  Thoughts  that  they  had  been 
wanting  in  their  Duty,  in  not  providing  the  beft  Re- 
medy, which  poflibly  might  have  prevented  all  the 
Mifchief. 

'  This  leads  to  the  Confideration   of  another 
Queftion  in  this  Matter,  Whether,  admitting  your 

High- 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       107 

Highnefs's  Petition,  '  That  there  is  not  a  Necefiity 

*  of  this  Name  of  King>    the  Reafon  held  forth  by 
your  Highnefs,  makes  out  fuch  a  Nccelfity  as  that 
you  cannot  take  upon  you  that  Name,  though  ad- 
viled  thereto  by  the  Parliament,  as  the  befT,  and 
moll  conducing  to  the  Ends  of  Government    Your 
Highnefs  was  pleafed,  in  the  firft  Place,  to  mention 
'  the  Diflatisfaction,  as  to  this  Particular,  of  many 
4  pious  Men,  and  fuch  as  have  grown  up  all  along 
'  with  you  in  the  carrying  on  this  great  Caufe,  as 

*  Soldiers ;'   which  indeed    muft  need     be  a  very 
great  and  tender  Confideration  to  your  Highnefs,  as 
it  is  alfo  to  all  of  us,  who  reap  the  Fruit  of  their 
Prayers  and  of  their  Hazards,  and  great  and  excel- 
lent Service ;  and  it  would  be  a  great  Mappings,  if 
it  might  pleafe  God  that  great  and   good  Things 
were   carried    on   with  Unanimity    and  Harmony 
amongft  good  Men :  But  this  Felicity  hath  never 
yet  been  granted  unto  jus ;  fo  that  great  Matters 
and  Changes  have  been  accompanied   with   great 
Difficulties,  with  great  Difference  of  Judgments, 
even  amongft  the  beft  Men,  as  our  late  Changes 
fufficiently  teftify. 

'  Your  Highnefs  knows  well  when  that  Change 
was  made,  whereby  the  Name  and  Office  of  King 
was  laid  afide,  how  many  pious  Men,  and  your  old 
Friends,  were  difiatisfied  therewith  ;  and  yet  thofe  : 
that  had  then  the  Power,  did  not  think  that  they 
ihould  therefore  forbear  to  do  what  then  was  judged 
to  be  for  the  Good  of  the  Nation. 

'There  was  the  like  DiflatisfacYion,  on  the  other 
Side,  of  many  piou^  Men,  when  your  Highnefs  took 
upon  you  the  Government  under  the  Name  of  Pro- 
tettor  j  and  yet  it  was  not  held  any  juft  Obftacle  to 
what  was  then  thought  good  for  the  Nation. 

*  There  is  a  certain  Latitude,  whereby  Refpeft 
may  be  had  to  Friends  ;  but  when  the  Public  Good 
of  the  whole  Nation  «is  in  Queftion,  other  Confi- 
derations  than  that  ought  not  to  take  Place :  And 
as  it  is  no  Kindnefs  to  go  about  to  fatisfy  Men's  De- 
fircs,  to  their  own  Prejudice  and  the  Injury  of  the 
Public,  fo  it  cannot  be  thought  but  that  pious  and 

fobcr 


io8     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY* 

Inier-regnum.  fober  Men,  when  they  fee  this  Name  ftamp'd  firft 
with  the  Ordinance  of  Men,  and  afterwards  with 
God's  Ordinance,  (for  fo  it  will  then  be)  will  fubmit 
thereunto  for  the  Lord's  Sake}  and  fatisfy  their 
Minds  that  they  ought  fo  to  do. 

'  For  that  other  Reafon  alledged  by  your  High- 
jiefs,  '  That  this  Name  hath  been  blafted,  and  ta- 
«  ken  away  by  the  Parliament :'  It  is  clear,  that  the 
Thing  was  as  much  blafted  as  the  Name ;  and  the 
Government  by  a  Single  Perfon,  under  what  Name 
foever,  as  much  and  more  blafted  than  this  Name; 
but,  in  Truth,  neither  Name  nor  Thing  hath  been 
at  all  blafted  by  God,  otherwife  than  as  he  blafted 
all  Things  and  Names  of  this  Nature.  It  may  be 
as  truly  faid,  That  he  hath  blafted  Parliaments,  for 
they  have  alfo  undergone  and  felt  the  like  Blafts ; 
but  God  hath  fo  declared  his  Will  concerning  all 
particular  Forms  of  Government,  that  they  are 
wholly  at  the  Pleafure  and  Difpofition  of  Men,  to 
be  continued,  altered,  and  changed  according  to  the 
Exigency  of  Affairs,  and  the  Good  of  the  People 
and  Nations  for  which  they  are  inftituted  by  Men  5 
for  the  Scripture  calleth  them  Humana  Creationis. 
Therefore  as  Men  blafted  them,  fo  God  blafted 
them ;  and  when  God  fets  them  up  again,  God  ho- 
noureth  them  again,  and  commands  they  (hould  be 
honoured:  One  Parliament  thought  the  prefent 
State  of  Affairs  requir'd  the  taking  away  of  this 
Name  and  Office  j  and  this  Parliament  judges  that 
the  prefent  State  of  Affairs  requires  the  reftoring  it 
to  the  Nations  again. 

'  As  to  that  Point  of  Safety  which  your  Highnefs 
touched  upon,  we  might  beft  anfwer  it  by  draw- 
Ing  a  Curtain  before  it,  as  your  Highnefs  hath  given 
us  an  Example.  There  are  Diflatisfa&ions  on  the 
one  Side,  as  well  as  on  the  other,  neither  is  the  Con- 
federation of  Danger  only  on  the  one  Side ;  and  fome 
Things  may  be  more  convenient  for  your  High- 
nefs to  conceive,  than  for  us  to  fpeak ;  only  I  fhall 
remind  your  Highnefs  of  what  the  wife  Man  faith, 
He  that  obferveth  the  Wind  Jhall  never  fow,  and  be 
that  regardtth  the,  Cloyd*  fall  never  reap:  The 


Of   £  N  G  L  A  N  D.       109 

Hufbandman,  in  the  Way  of  his  Calling,  muft  re-  Inter-regnura. 
gulate  his  Actions  by  the  Ordinance  and  revealed 
Will  of  God,  without  attending  unto  the  uncertain 
Events  which  may  arife  through  the  Inclemency  of 
the  Air,  which  is  in  God's  Hands  and  Difpofition; 
fo  every  Man,  in  the  Way  of  his  Calling,  mull  at- 
tend to  what  is  the  revealed  Will  of  God,  to  guide 
his  Refolutions  and  Actions  by,  and  not  by  the  va- 
rious Minds  of  Men,  which  are  in  the  Hands  of 
God :  And  the  wife  Man  alfo  faith,  He  that  walk- 
eth  uprightly ,  walketb  furely  ;  he  walketh  uprightly 
that  walketh  according  to  God's  revealed  Will.  It 
is  in  like  Manner  a  great  Sign  of  Integrity,  to  {peak 
as  a  Man  thinks,  to  do  as  he  fpeaks,  and  to  fuit 
Names  to  Things  ;  and  as  your  Parliament  hath 
thought  fit  to  fuit  Kingjhip  with  this  Thing,  fo  have 
they  offered  it  to  your  Highnefs  with  much  Integri- 
ty, and  without  any  other  Refpect  than  the  Good 
and  Liberty  of  the  Nations.' 

The  Lord  Erogblll  fpoke  next,  to  this  Effect  : 

*  Your  Highnefs,  the  laft  Time  this  Committee  Lord  BngbWi 

had  the  Honour  to  wait  upon  you,  feemed  to  be  of 

Opinion,    <  That  it  was  not  neceflary  that  you 

'  mould  alTume  the  Title  of  King,  to  exercife  le- 

*  gaily  the  Office  and  Duty  of  Supreme  Magiftrate 
'  of  thefe  Three  Nations ;  becaufe  that  the  Title  of 

*  Proteflor9  if,   by   the  Authority  of  Parliament, 

*  made  the  Title  of  the  Chief  Magiftrate,  would  do 
'  as  well,   and  anfwer  all  Ends  of  Government  as 
'  fully,   as  that  which  now  the  Parliament  does 
'  dcfire  and  advife  your  Highnefs  to  take  upon  you/ 
But,  to  effect  this,  either  all  the  Powers  and  Limi- 
tations of  a  Proteftor  muft  be  more  particularly  enu- 
merated, or  he  muft,  under  that  Name,  have  all  the 
Authorities  of  a  King,  as  a  King  has  by  the  Law. 

Of  the  firft  of  thqfe  then  (as  thofe  learned  Gen- 
tlemen that  have  fpoken  before,  have  fully  proved) 
whatsoever  is  not  particularly  fpecified,  the  Protec- 
tor is  left  to  act  arbitrarily  in,  or  a  Parliament  muft 
be  called  to  fupply  every  new  difcovercd  Defect  ; 
his  Powers  being  derived  only  from  that  Authority 

that 


no       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  that  now  '.Iocs,  or  hereafter  lhall,  conftitute  them  : 
This  will  prove  dangerous  and  inconvenient  both  to 
himfelf  and  to  the  People  ;  and  to  fet  down  all  the 
Authorities  and  Regulations  which  are  requifite, 
will  be  a  Work  of  fo  much  Time  and  Difficulty, 
that  if,  in  the  Notion  of  it  only,  it  feems  impracti- 
cable, it  will,  in  the  Acting,  be  found  much  more 
fo. 

'  As  to  the  Second,  it  will  evidently  appear,  that 
the  Difficulty  is  only  about  a  Name ;  and  it  would 
be  a  fad  Thing  indeed  that  any  Difference  mould  be 
between  your  Higbnefs  and  the  Parliament,  efpeci al- 
ly when  the  Thing  differ'd  in  refers  to  the  fettling 
of  our  Foundation,  and  the  Thing  differed  upon  is 
only  a  Name.  I  hope  that  Unhappinefs  will  be  fo 
Well  forefeen,  as  never  to  be  run  into. 

'  Your  High i  efs   was    plcafed  to    take  Notice, 

*  That  if  the  Title  of  Protestor  was  fettled  by  Par- 

*  liament,    hardly   any  Thing   could    be  objected 

*  againft  it,  but  that  it  is  a  Title  not  fo  long  known 

*  to  thefe  Nations  as  that  of  King :'  And  this  is  a 
grave  and  weighty  Objection  ;  fince,  in  conftituting 
of  Governments,    the   ableft  and   moft  difcerning, 
Judges  are  incapable  to  fee  thofe  Difadvantages  and. 
Inconveniences,  which  Time  and  Experience  do 
render  evident ;    which  may  be  a  Reafon,  if  not 
the  chief  one,  \vhy  our  Anceftors  would  never  alter 
Kingly  Government,   tho'  they  had  often  the  Power 
to  do  it,  and  were  provoked  thereunto  by  the  Exor- 
bitancy and  Mai  Adininiftration  of  their  Princes  ; 
they  choofing  rather  to  bound  that  Office  in  Pro- 
portion to  the  Evils  they  had  fuffered  under  it,  than 
to  eftablilh  a  new  Model  of  their  own  5  in  creeling 
of  which,   they  could  not  have,  in  fome  Ages,  the 
Experience  they  had  of  that:  And  to  caft  off  an  Of- 
fice that  has  been  fame  hundreds  of  Years  pruning 
and  fitting  for  the  Good  of  the  People,    to  eftablifli 
one  that  has  been  but  newly  known,  were  to  think 
ourfelves  wifer  in  one  Day,  than  our  Forefathers 
have  been  ever,  fince  the  fiift  Erecting  of  Regal  Go- 
vernment. 

It 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       in 

e  It  is  an  unqucftionable  Principle,  That  the  Inter-regnum. 
Magirtrate  is  eftablifhed  for  the  Laws,  and  not  the  ^57- 
Laws  for  the  Magiftrate  :  If  therefore  the  Title  of  ^  T*T 
Proteftor  fhould  be  the  Title  of  the  Supreme  Magi- 
ftrate, we  {hould  fit  the  Laws  to  him,  not  him  to 
the  Laws  ;  which  would  be  by  our  Practice  to 
contradict  our  Profeflions,  and  poflibly  wound  the 
People's  Rights  :  But  in  this  Point  there  has  been 
fo  much  faid,  and  that  fo  learnedly,  by  thofe  wor- 
thy Perfons  who  have  fpoke  before,  that  to  prove 
the  Neceflity  of  your  Highnefs  afluming  the  Title 
of  King,  would  be  but  to  recapitulate  thofe  many 
Reafons  already  given.  That  the  Parliament  of 
Three  Nations  think  it  neceflary  you  fliould  do  it, 
is  evident  by  their  inferting  it  amongft  thofe  three 
Things  which  they  efteem  Fundamentals  as  to  the 
Settlement :  Yea,  they  have  placed  it  at  the  Head 
of  all  thofe  Fundamentals,  and  laid  fo  great  Strefs 
on  it,  that,  in  their  humble  Petition  and  Advice, 
they  declare,  '  That  if  it  be  not  accepted  of,  the 
*  whole  mall  be  efteemed  null  and  void  ;'  fo  that  the 
higheft  Neceflity,  impofed  by  a  Parliament,  well 
delerves  the  beft  Acceptance. 

4  Your  Highnefs  was  pleafed  to  mention,   *  That 
we  had  recent  Experiments,   that  the  Supreme 
Magiftracy  of  the  Nation  might  be  managed,  to 
all  Intents  and  Purpofes,  as  well  under  another 
Name  and  Title  as  that  of  King,  viz.  under  the 
Name  of  The  Keepers  of  the  Liberty  of  England, 
and  under  that  of  Proteffor  :'    But  I  mail  humbly 
befeech  your  Highnefs  to  confider,  That  becaufe 
that  was  not  grounded  upon  the  old  known  Laws, 
it  was  of  very  fhort  Duration  :  And  for  the  Second, 
for  the  fame  Reafon,  the  Parliament  is  now  peti- 
tioning and  advifing  your  Highnefs  to  alter  it ;   fo 
what  are  brought  as  Arguments  to  prove  what  your 
1  li-lmefs  mentions,   poflibly  may  rather  evince  the 
contrary  :  Befides,  Sir,  it  is  confefled  on  all  Hands, 
That  thefe  two  Changes   fprung  from  Neceflity ; 
and  therefore  were  not,  neither  ought  to  be,  of 
longer  Continuance  than  that  Neceflity  which  cau- 
fed  them  ;  and  this  is  the  great  and  real  Difference 

between 


112       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

loter-regnum.  between  Conftitutions  that  are  eftablifhed  meerly 
becaufe  Neceflary,  and  thofe  that  are  eftabliflied 
meerly  becaufe  Good  :  For  what  is  only  of  Necef- 
fity,  is  but  temporary,  as  no  EfFecT:  lafts  longer  than 
its  Caufe  j  but  what  is  good  in  its  own  Nature,  is 
always  good  ;  and  if,  by  intervening  Accidents,  it 
be  a  while  clouded,  yet  at  length  it  fhines  and  over- 
comes j  and  all  wife  Men  do  defire  to  revert  unto 
it. 

*  To  prove  that  the  firft  of  thefe  Changes,   the 
Keepers  of  the  Liberty  of  'England ',   was  only  an  Ad~l 
ofNeceffity,  and  not  of  Choice,  I  need  but  remind 
your  Highnefs,  That  after  the  Determination  of  the 
Regal  Authority,    the  Parliament  were  neceffitated 
to  advife  with  a  Civilian  of  another  Nation,    what 
the  Hollanders  had  done  in  their  Cafe ;    fo  much 
they  were  at  a  Lofs  what  to  do  :   And,  indeed,  the 
Providence  or  God   hath  fo  altered  the  Temper 
of  Officers  between  that  Time  and  this,  that  the 
Change  appeared  beft,   becaufe  neceflary  :  But  the 
Parliament  efteems  the  Change  now  defired  necef- 
fary,  becaufe  beft;  nor  can  we  poffibly  better  exprefs 
our  Thankfulnefs  for  the  Opportunity  which  now 
God  hath  put  into  our  Hands,  than  to  employ  it  to 
make  the  beft  and  moft  lafting  Settlement. 

*  All  Things  are  beft,  which  are  found  beft  upon 
Trial ;  but  all  the  Changes  we  have  been  under  of 
late  were  upon  Belief,  not  Experiment ;  and  having 
had   an  Effay  of  all,    the  Parliament   have  found, 
That,  above  all,   Regal  Government  is  the  beft; 
fo  that,  by  the  beft  Judges,  and  by  the  beft  Way 
of  judging,  that  Form  of  Government  now  prefent- 
ed  to  your  Highnefs,   hath  the  Precedency   in  the 
People's  Opinion ;  and  therefore  it's  hoped  you  will 
have  it  in  yours. 

«  It  may  poffibly  be  fit  for  your  Highnefs's  Obfer- 
fervation,  That  the  firft  Breach  which  happened 
amongft  thofe  worthy  Perfons,  who  inftrumentally 
carried  on  our  Common  Caufe,  arofe  from  the  taking 
away  the  Title  and  Office  of  King,  fo  often  declared 
for,  and  engaged  to  be  maintained  by  the  Parlia- 
ment ;  till  then  we  went  Hand  in  Hand,  and  took 

Jweet 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        113 

fwcet  Council  together:  And  if  the  Abolishing  there-  Inter-regm 
of  caufed  fo  fad  a  Breach,   probably  the  Reftoration        ' 
of  it  may  make  it  up  again  April? 

*  Your  Highnefs  was  pleafed  to  fay,    '  You  af- 

*  fumed  the  Office  you  now  bear  with  no  better  Hope 
«  than  to  prevent  Mifchief ;'  queftionlefs  we  may 
expect  better  Fruits  from  the  Supreme  Magiftracy  : 
And  if  your  Highnefs,  who  is  every  way  fo  worthy 
of  that  Office,  had  no  better  Hopes  under  the  Title 
of  Proteftor,  we  may  juftly  afcribe  it  not  unto  your- 
felf,  but  unto  the  Conftitution  of  Government  you 
acted  under ;  and  therefore,  if  your  Highnefs  will 
a  flu  me  the  Supreme  Magiftracy  according  to  the 
Laws,  we  (hall  both  hope  and  believe  that  you  will 
not  only  prevent  111,  but  do  much  Good  ;  the  beft 
Governor  being  grafted  upon  the  beft  Government. 

«  Your  Highnefs  exprefled  fome  Doubts,  «  That 

*  the  Providence  of  God  hath  blafted  the  Kings  Ot- 

*  fice  in  the  Duft;  and  that,  by  an  Acl  of  Parlia- 
'  ment,  it  was  laid  afide :'  But  I  humbly  hope  your 
Highnefs  will  pardon  me,  if  I  cannot  have  the  like 
Apprehenfion  ;  I  cannot  believe,  if  that  Office  were 
blafted  by  the  Hand  of  God,  that  the  Parliament 
would  advife  and  petition  you  to  take  it  up.     Be- 
fides,  Sir,  the  very  Aft  which  firft  caft  out  the 
Kingly  Office,  did  alfo  caft  out  the  Supreme  Ma- 
giftracy in  any  Single  Per  fan ;  yea,  by  way  of  Elec- 
tion or  otherwife  :  Therefore  I  beg  your  Pardon,  if 
I  cannot  think  that  that  Act  of  Parliament  can  be 
interpreted  as  a  providential  Blafting  of  that  Office, 
which  your  Highnefs  thought  neceflary  to  accept  of; 
and  by  virtue  of  which  we  have,  for  fome  Years 
paft,  enjoyed  Quiet  and  Protection :  But  if  Regal 
Government  be  blafted,  then  the  Supreme  Magift- 
racy in  a  Single  Perfon  is  as  much  fo ;  they  being 
both,  equally,  declared  againft  at  the  fame  Time, 
and  in  the  fame  A<St  of  Parliament.     Now,  fincc 
your  Highnefs,  by  your  Actings,  have  evinced  you 
did  not  believe  the  Supreme  Magiftracy  in  a  Sijigle 
Perfon  was  blafted  by  Providence,  you  will  permit 
us  to  believe  that  Regal  Government  is  no  more 
blafted  than  that  j  the  fame  Authority  and  the  fame 

VOL.  XXI.  H  Aft' 


1 14     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 
Jntcr-ragnum.  A&  having  blafted,   as  far  as  they  could,  both 
6  alike. 

'  Your  Highnefs  is  alfo  pleafed  to  fay,  '  Regal 
'  Government  is  caft  out  de  Fafto.'  If  the  Weight 
of  the  Argument  does  reft  thereon,  your  High- 
nefs, by  accepting  the  Petition  and  Advice  of  the 
Parliament,  will  make  your  Argument  as  ftrong 
for  Regal  Government  as  ever  it  was  againft  it;  and 
'tis  hoped  your  Highnefs  will  not  doubt,  that  what 
one  Supreme  Authority  did  fupprefs,  another  may 
erecl.  The  fetting  up  a  Commonwealth-Govern- 
ment feem'd  neceffary  in  their  Judgment  only,  when 
they  knew  not  what  to  do  after  they  had  ejected 
Kings;  and  we  (hall  be  in  the  like  Perplexity,  if 
jiow  you  accept  not  of  this  Offer.  The  Act  of  Par- 
liament for  abolifhing  of  Monarchy  muft  be  confi- 
dered  under  that  Notion  only ;  and  yet  I  think  there 
?re  few  that  efteem  it  not  as  fit  to  prefer  Regal  Go- 
vernment again,  under  due  Qualifications,  as  it 
then  was  efteemed  fit  not  to  allow  of  it  under  any. 
Again  :  If  your  Highnefs's  Argument  was  carried 
on  as  far  as  it  might  be,  I  appiehend  it  might  alfo 
bring  into  Queftion,  that  the  Parliament  was  blafted 
by  Providence;  for  whoever  allows  not  the  difTol- 
ving  of  the  Long  Parliament  to  be  under  that  No- 
tion, will  hardly  find  a  good  Reafon  for  its  Diffo- 
lution. 

4  But  it  may  be  faid,  '  That  the  Long  Parliament 
was  rejected  on  account  of  fome  that  acted  in  it, 
who  were  fufpected  to  have  a  Defign  of  perpetu- 
ating themfelves  in  that  Authority,  which  woulJ 
have  turned  what  mould  have  been  our  Phyfic  in- 
to our  Poifon.'     To  which   I  humbly  anfwer, 
Had  that  been  fo,  the  People  might  have  had  new 
Writs  fent  unto  them  for  the  Election  of  their  Re- 
prefentatives,  who  might  have  carried  on  the  Public 
Affairs  of  the  Nation  by  a  new  Parliament;  but  it 
feems  thofe  Times  would  not  bear  it,  and  therefore 
a  Convention  of  felecl  Perfons  were  called,  unchofen 
by  the  People,  to  whom  all  Power  was  devolved  ; 
and  who   had  even  a  Right  to  have  perpetuated 
themfelves,  by  calling  in  to  themfelves,  from  Time 

to 


Of    ENGLAND.       11$ 

to  Time,  fuch  as  they  thought  fit :  So  that  Parlia-  intcr.r?gnum. 
ments  were,  not  for  that  Turn  only,  laid  af^de,  bqt  1657. 
even  by  that  Conftitution  which  did  it,  were  pcrpe-  v— -v— -I 
tually  excluded.  Hence  it  is  evident,  That  if  April. 
Kings  were  de  Fatto  blatted,  Parliaments  were  the 
jike,  yea  much  more  fo;  for  in  the  Act  for  abolifh- 
ing  Regal  Government,  it  was  Treafon  in  thofe 
only,  who  offered  to  reftore  it  without  Confent 
of  Parliament :  But  in  that  Allembly  there  was  no 
fuch  Provifion  for  Parliaments  at  all ;  for,  by  their 
Conftitution,  Parliaments  were  excluded  :  And  to 
evidence  how  much  Strefs  there  lies  barely  upon  a 
Legal  Name,  that  Aflembly,  to  give  a  greater 
San£tion  to  their  Actings,  ftyled  themfelves  a  Par- 
liament^ that  being  the  only  Name  under  which  it 
was  fit  for  them  to  be  taken  Notice  of  as  the  Su- 
preme Authority  of  the  Nation ;  which  poflibly  may 
invite  your  Highnefs  to  believe,  that  godly  and  wife 
Men  think  it  efTential  to  have  Titles  confonant  to 
our  Laws :  And  therefore  that  your  Highnefs,  in 
the  Exercife  of  the  Supreme  Magiftracy,  will  be 
the  rather  invited  to  alTume  theTitle  of  King ;  that, 
only,  being  confonant  to  the  Law. 

4  I  think  all  fober  Men  agree  upon  the  Neceflity 
of  a  Government,  but  for  the  particular  Form  there- 
of, it  is  left  to  the  Wifdom  of  thofe  which  the: 
People  chufe  to  reprefcnt  them,  to  fet  up  fu.ch  a  one 
as  may  be  molt  fitted  to  their  Genius,  and  likelieft 
to  Lend  to  their  Good  and  Tranquility.  If  any  can 
prove  that  Regal  Government,  by  the  Word  of 
God,  is  unlawful,  or  that  the  People  have  not 
Power  to  give  the  Supreme  Magiftrate  what  Name 
they  think  beft,  I  fhould  be  then  filent :  But  fince 
that  Power  is,  unqueftionably,  in  the  Reprefenta- 
tives  of  the  People ;  fmce  they  have  defired  your 
Highnefs  to  govern  them  by  the  Title  of  K.in%\  and 
fince  alfo  nothing  can  be  objected  againft  it,  and 
both  Reafon  and  Cuftorn  plead  for  it,  we  earneftly 
hope  you  will  not  think  fit  to  deny  the  People  that 
which  is  their  Right,  and  I  believe  v/as  never  yet 
denied,  by  any  Supreme  Magiftrate,  to  any  People. 
To  all  this  may  be  added,  That  if  Kingjhip  has 
II  2  been 


1 1 6     The  Parliamentary  HISTOKT 

Inter- regnum.  been  caft  out  by  many  Providences,  your  Highnefs, 
accepting  it,  will  (hew,  That  it  is  reftored  at 
by  as  many  more,  that  have  happened  in  the 
Intervals  between  its  Rejection  and  Restitution. 

*  Your  Highnefc  did  further  object,  '  That  fome 
s  good  Men  would  be  offended  at  your  Acceptance 
4  of  that  Title.'     I  confefs  that  this  is  very  confi- 
derable;  and  I  think  every  judicious  Perfon  in  the 
Houfe  would  be  very  cautious  to  give  Men  of  that 
Chara&er  a  juft  Offence  :  But  your  Highnefs  will 
be  pleafed  to  permit  me  to  remind  you  of  the  Cha- 
racter you:  gave  of  good  Men  in  your  laft  Speech  : 

*  They  are  fuch,  you  faid,  as  give  Obedience  to 
'  Gofpel-Ordinances ;  which  require  Obedience  to 

*  Authorities,  not  for  Fear,   but  for  Confcience- 
'  Sake  :  That  you  reckoned  nothing  of  Piety  with- 

*  out  that  Circle ;  and  that  any  Principle  which  op- 

*  pofed  this  was  diabolical,  and  fprung  from  the 

*  Depth  of  Satan's  Wickednefs.' 

*  You  were  pleafed  further  to  fay,  *  That  though. 
«  fome  good  Men  fcrupled  at  that  Name  the  Par- 

*  liament  thought  fit  to  reftore,  yet  their  doing  fo 

*  was  no  Part  of  their  Goodnefs :'  By  all  which  it 
will  be  evident,  that  your  Acceptance  thereof  can- 
not offend  good  Men,  unlefs  they  efteem  their  Obe- 
dience to  a  Gofpel- Ordinance  an  Offence,  which  I 
hope  no  good  Men  will  or  can  do. 

4  I  ihall  alfo  humbly  befeech  your  Highnefs  to 
confider,  That  if,  on  the  one  Side,  the  Acceptance 
of  the  Title  may  offend  Ibmc  good  Men ;  fa,  on 
/he  other  Side,  the  declining  of  it  will  give  Offence 
to  the  Parliament,  where  all  good  Men  are  legally, 
and  at  once,  reprefented. 

*  The  Cafe  of  David,  when  his  Quid  was  fide, 
may  poflibly  parallel  the  Cafe  of  fuch  good  Men  as 
are  herein  unfatisfied.     While  the  Child  was  fick, 
he  was  very  earneft  with  the  Lord  for  the  reftoring 
of  it  to  Health,  but  God  was  not  pleafed  fo  to  do, 
and  the  Child  died  :  His  Servants,  being  of  another 
Principle   than   himfelf,   thus  reafoned :     '  Jf    his 
'  Trouble  and  Grief  were  fo  great  while  yet  the 
'  Child  was  not  dead,  what  will  it  be  now  it  is  dead  I* 

But 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       117 

But  David  reafoned  thus:  *  While  there  was  Hope,  Inter-regnum . 
«  I  wreftled  with  God  ;  but  fince  his  Will  is  de- 

*  clared,  I  chearfully  fubmit  to  it.'     I  hope,  as  the 
fcrupulous  Conferences  of  good  Men,  in  the  parti- 
cular Point  of  Regal  Government,  is  a  Parable  in 
the  Hiftory,  fo  it  will  Jikewife  prove  in  the  Event. 

'  Your  Highnefs  was  further  pleafed  to  mention 
'  fome  Confiderations  in  reference  to  Safety :'  To 
which  I  humbly  anfwer,  The  Things  that  are  of- 
fered to  you  are  juft  in  themfelves,  in  reference  to 
Civil  and  Spiritual  Things,  and  fo  acknowledged  by 
you  :  That  Authority  that  tenders  them,  is  the  Su- 
preme Legal  Authority  of  Three  great  Nations. 
You  have  a  faithful  and  a  good  Army,  and  we  have 
you  at  the  Head  of  them :  What  fliall  we  then  fear? 
To  which  I  (hall  only  add,  That  our  Safety  hath  been 
often  in  Danger  by  the  King  and  Parliament's  dif- 
agreeing;  but  this  is  the  firft  Time,  if  it  be  in  Dan- 

fer,  that  ever  it  was  by  their  Agreement.  To  this 
may  further  add,  That  whatever  Evil  may  arife 
from  your  Agreement  with  your  Parliament,  it  will 
befall  us  in  the  Way  of  our  Duty,  which  is  an  in- 
ward Comfort  to  balance  any  outward  Evil :  But 
if  any  Evil  happens  by  your  not  clofing  with  your 
Parliament,  we  {hall  undergo  the  outward  Harm, 
and  be  denied  the  inward  Support. 

'  Your  Highnefs  was  alfo  pleafed  to  fay,  '  You 

*  had  rather  have  any  Name  from  this  Parliament, 

*  than  the  greateft  Name  that  is  not  given  by  them.1 
Permit  me  therefore  now  to  fay,  That,  to  all  other 
Arguments,  we  have  one  that  is  irrefutable,  and 
that  is  your  own  Engagement ;  for  the  Parliament 
doth  defire  and  advife  you  to  accept  the  Name  of 
King :  Hitherto  we  have  pleaded  but  upon  the  ac- 
count of  your  Engagement;  and  it  is  humbly  hop'd 
that  your  Highnefs,  who  hath  fo  exactly  obferved 
your  Word  to  the  worft  of  your  Enemies,  will  not 
break  it  to  your  beft  Friends,  the  Parliament.' 

The  Lord-Commiflloner  Wlntlocke,  who  was  the 

firft,  according  to  his  Place  as  Chairman,  that  be.- 

H  3  gun 


1 1 8     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter-regnum.  gun  the  Conference,  concluded  the  whole  Argu- 
l657-        ment  with  the  following  Difcourfe  to  the  Protector. 

A?ril-  SIR, 

Lord-Commif-       '  I  have  very  little  to  trouble  your  Highnefs  with. 

fioner  Wbithcke. So  much  hath  been  dready  fpoken,  and  fo  well, 
that  it  will  be  hard  for  me,  or  any  other,  to  add  to 
it ;  only  the  Duty  of  my  Employment,  and  fome- 
thing  due  to  your  Highnefs,  occafions  me  to  fpeak 
a  few  Words  to  acknowledge,  with  very  humble 
Thanks,  the  Honour  and  Right  which  you  have 
done  this  Committee,  by  the  clear  and  free  Dif- 
courfes  and  Conferences  which  they  have  had  with 
your  Highnefs  ;  and  for  your  frequent  Expreflions 
and  Teftimonies  of  Affection  and  Refpect  to  the 
Parliament,  whofe  Senfe  in  this  I  may  prefume  to 
fpeak,  That  never  any  Perfons  met  their  Supreme 
Magiftrate  with  more  Love,  Duty,  and  Honour, 
than  the  Parliament  have  met  your  Highnefs  with, 
in  their  prelent  Addrefles ;  which  Argument  of 
Love  deferves  the  Efteem  and  Force,  which  I  doubt 
riot  but  your  Highnefs  will  put  upon  it.  I  am  afraid 
to  be  too  tedious  at  any  Time,  efpecially  at  fo  late 
an  Hour ;  and  therefore  I  (hall  fpeak  but  briefly  to 
fome  Things,  which,  as  I  remember,  have  not  been 
mentioned. 

'  Your  Highnefs  was  pleafed,  at  the  laft  Meet- 
ing, to  fay,  '  That  the  original  Inftitution  of  the 
Title  of  King,  was  by  common  Confent ;  and  that 
the  fame  common  Confent  might  inftitute  any  other 
Title,  and  make  it  as  effectual  as  that  of  King:' 
This  muft  be  acknowledged;  but,  withail,  you  may 
be  pleafed  to  obferve,  That  the  Title  of  King  is  not 
only  by  an  original  common  Confent,  but  that  Con- 
fent alfo  approved  and  confirmed,  and  the  Law  fit- 
ted thereunto,  and  th'at  fitted  to  the  Laws,  by  the 
Experience  and  Induftry  of  many  Ages,  and  many 
Hundreds  of  Years  together ;  whereas  any  other 
Title  will  be  only  by  prefent  common  Confent, 
without  that  Experience  and  Approbation. 

*  As  for  that  Experience  which  your  Highnefs 
«  mentioned  to  have  been  0f  other  Titles,  and  the 

due 


Of    ENGLAND. 

c  due  Adminilrration  of  Juftice  under  them,'  that  is  Inter-re&num. 
far  fhort  of  the  other ;  and  for  the  Courle  of  Juflice,        l657- 
we  have  Cautc  to  thank  that  Care  which  placed  fo    ^~~^/~j*~J 
good  Judges  and  Officers  over  us ;  yet  give  me  Leave          ?r 
to  fay,   That  in  private  Caufes  between  Party  and 
Party,  and  in  public  Matters  in  criminal  Caufes,  it 
was  not  eafy  to  find  Juftice  to  be  done  by  fome  Ju- 
rors; and  many  Questions  have  arifen  upon  the  Oc- 
cafion  of  rhofe  new  Titles.    Concerning  that  tender 
Point,  good  Men's  Satisfaction,  I  think  it  requires 
a  very  great  Regard  from  us  ;  and  I  doubt  not  but 
thofe  good  People  will  be  fully  latisfied,  if  they  con- 
fider  the  Covenants,  Promifes,  and  Precepts,  which 
in  the  Scriptures  are  annex'd  to  the  Narhe  of  King: 
And  tho'  fome  have  alledged,  that  they  belong,  to- 
any  Chief  Magistrate  as  vreH  as  to  a  King  ;  yet  no» 
Man  did  ever   read  the  original  Word   tranflated 
otherwife  than  King  ;  neither  do  I  find  the  prefent 
Title  of  Protfffor  once  mentioned  in  Holy  Writ. 

'  If  the  prefent  Authority  be  a  lawful  Authority,, 
which  I  hope  none  of  us  will  deny,  furely  thole  good 
Men,  who  are  fo  well  principled  in  Godlinefs,  will 
not  forget  that  Precept  of  Submiflion  to  Authority;, 
and  fo  be  fatisfied  with  that  which  lawful  Authority 
(hall  ordain.  Their  Rights  and  Liberties  are  the 
fame  with  ours;  and  the  Parliament  cannot  advife 
any  thing  for  the  Prefervation  of  the  People's  Rights 
but  thofe  good  Men  are  included ;  which  I  hope  will 
be  no  Dillatisfadion  to  them.  In  all  the  Changes 
which  we  have  fcen,  there  has  been  a  Diflatisfac- 
tion  in  fome,  yet  (till  the  Blefling  of  God  hath  gone 
along,  thro'  all  thcfe  Changes,  with  thofe  who  car- 
ried on  his  Interert;  and  the  Caufe  being  the  fame, 
the  fame  Mercies  have  been  continued  :  And  I  doubt 
not  (if  the  intended  Change,  or  rather  Reftitution, 
be  made,  as  I  hope  ii  will)  but  the  fame  God  will 
continue  his  Bleifings  to  that  good  old  Caufe  where- 
in we  are  engaged  v  and  that  all  good  Men  will  re- 
ceive Satisfaction  by  it. 

4  Your  Highnefs  hath  been  told,  <  That  the  Title 

*  of  King  is  upon  the  Foundation  of  Law ;  and  that 

*  a  new  Title  rnuft  have  a  new  Confutation  to  make 

'the 


1 2  o       ^he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum,  '  the  Laws  relate  unto  it,  and  that  unto  the  Laws  :* 

1657-        I  fhall  only  add  this,  That  a  Title  by  Relation  is  not 

*— ••'"V""11  "^  fo  certain  and  fafe  as  a  Title  upon  the  old  Founda- 

Ap  tion  of  the  Law ;  and  that  a  Title  upon  a  prefent 

fingleConftitution,  as  any  new  one  muft  be,  cannot 

be  fo  firm  as  a  Title  both  upon  the  prefent  Conftitu- 

tion  and  upon  the  old  Foundation  of  the  Law  like- 

wife,  which  the  Title  of  King  will  be. 

'  If  any  Inconvenience  fhould  enfue  upon  your 
Acceptance  of  this  Title  which  the  Parliament  ad- 
vifeth,  your  Highnefs's  Satisfaction  will  be,  that 
they  did  advife  it :  On  the  contrary,  if  any  Incon- 
venience fhould  arife  upon  your  Highnefs's  Refufai 
of  that  Title  which  the  Parliament  hath  advifed, 
your  Burden  will  be  the  greater :  And  therefore, 
whatsoever  may  fall  out,  will  be  better  anfwered  by 
your  Highnefs's  complying  with  your  Parliament 
than  otherwife. 

'  This  Queftion  is  not  altogether  new;  fome  In^ 
ftances  have  been  given  of  the  like,  to  which  I  (hall 
add  two  or  three.  The  Title  of  the  King  of  Eng- 
land, in  the  Realm  of  Ireland,  was  Lord  of  Ireland* 
And  the  Parliament,  in  the  33d  of  Henry  the  Eighth, 
reciting  the  Inconveniences  which  did  arife  there 
by  reakm  of  that  Title,  did  enact,  That  Henry  the 
Eighth  mould  aflume  the  Style  and  Title  of  King  of 
Ireland^  which,  in  the  Judgment  of  that  Parlia- 
ment, was  preferred  before  the  other. 

'  In  the  State  of  Rome,  new  Titles  proved  fatal 
to  their  Liberties;  their  Cafe  was  not  much  unlike 
ours ;  they  were  weaned  with  a  Civil  War,  and 
coming  to  a  Settlement,  Cuntfa  Difcordiis  Civilibus 
fejfa,  fub  nomine  Principis  Imperium  accepit ;  fome 
would  not  admit  the  Title  of  Rex  to  be  ufed,  but 
were  contented  to  give  the  Titles  of  Ctsfar,  perpe- 
tuus  Dictator,  Princeps  Senatus,  Jmperator.  Non 
fum  Rex,  fed  Ctsfar.  And  it  came  at  laft  to  this, 
f^eluntas  Geefaris  pro  Lege  habebatur. 

*  The  Northern  People  were  more  happy  amongfl 
themfelves :  A  private  Gentleman,  of  a  Noble  Fa- 
mily, took  up  Arms  with  his  Countrymen  againft  a 
Tyrant ;  and,  by  the  Blefiing  of  God,  refcued  their 

native 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        121 

pative  Liberties,  and  Rights  of  their  Country,  from 
the  Oppreflion  of  that  Tyrant.  This  Gentleman 
had  the  Title  of  Marfinl  given  to  him,  which  con-  A  ril 
tinued  fome  Years.  Afterward  their  Parliament, 
judging  it  belt  to  refume  the  old  Title,  elected  this 
Gentleman  to  be  their  King  ;  and  with  him  were 
brought  in  the  Liberty  of  the  Proteftant  Religion, 
and  the  Eftablifhment  of  the  Civil  Rights  of  that 
People,  which  have  continued  in  a  profperous  Con- 
dition ever  fmce  unto  this  Day. 

«  Sir,  I  fhall  make  no  other  Application  ;  but,  in 
my  Prayers  to  God,  to  direct  your  Highnefs  and  the 
Parliament  (as  I  hope  he  will)  to  do  that  which  will 
be  mod  for  his  Honour,  and  the  Good  of  his 
People/ 

April  23.  This  Day  the  Parliament  ordered  the 
Serjeant  at  Arms  to  fumnion  the  Lords  Commif- 
fioners  of  the  Great  Seal,  the  Judge?,  and  all  the 
Lawyers  in  IVcJiminJler-Hally  who  were  Members 
of  the  Houte,  to  attend  immediately  ;  which  being 
done,  the  Lord-Commiflioner  JVhitlocke  made  a  Re- 
port of  the  foregoing  Bulinefs,  and  the  Houfe  voted 
their  Approbation  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Com-T. 
mittee  therein.  Conferencfbe- 

ing  reported  to 

The  reft  of  this  Month  was  almoft  wholly  fpentthe  Houfe, 
by  the  Parliament,  in  canvafling  their  humble  Peti- 
tion and  Advice,  without  hearing  any  further  from 
the  Lord  Protector  on  that  Subject :  Infomuch  that, 
on  the  3Oth,  the  Committee  was  ordered  to  wait 
upon  him  with  their  feveral  Refolutions  touching 
that  Matter,  and  to  defire  his  Higjjncfs  to  appoint  a™*  S^ST 
Time  when  the  Houfe  might  attend  on  him  for  hisproteftor  again, 
pofltive  Allfwer.  for  a  Definitive 

In  confequence  hereof,  the  firft  of  May  was  ap-Anfwcu 
pointed  for  that  Purpofe,  and  afterwards  the  iixth  ; 
then  the  feventh,  at  Eleven  in  the  Morning,  which 
was  again  deferred  to  Five  that  Afternoon ;  when  the 
Committee  having  attended  the  Lord  Protector  once 
more,  he  only  cxcufed  himfelf  for  making  them  ftay 
fo  long,  and  defired  them  to  give  him  another  Meet- 
ipg  the  next  Morning. 


122     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Intcr;£g7nmn>  We  have  been  the  more  particularly  exact  and 
*  minute  as  to  the  Dates  of  the  Committee's  Proceed- 
ings,  and  their  repeated  Attendances  upon  the  Lord 
Protector,  b«caufe  ail  thefe  Delays  of  Cromwell  are 
the  ftrongeft  Demonftration  of  his  deep-laid  Policy; 
.  who,  by  refufing,  at  the  firft,  to  make  any  Objec- 
tions to  the  Title  of  King,  when  offered  him  by  the 
Parliament,  till  he  had  heard  the  Committee's  Ar- 
guments in  Favour  of  that  Propofal ;  and  then,  by 
deferring  his  Anfwer,  from  Time  to  Time,  fathom'd 
the  Sentiments  of  all  Parties,  without  difcovering  his 
own.  However, 

May  8.  The  Lord-Commiflioner  Wbitlocke  re- 
ported, That  his  Highnefs  defired  the  Parliament  to 
meet  him,  prefently,  in  the  Banquetting- Houfe  at 
Whitehall.— ^M^  before  they  could  come  to  any  Re- 
folution  thereupon,  an  Affair  happened  which  put 
an  End  to  all  Cromwell's  farther  Evafions,  and  de- 
termined him  to  give  a  definitive  Anfwer :  For  the 
Journals  acquaint  us,  That  the  Houfe  being  in- 
form'd  divers  Officers  of  the  Army  were  at  the  Door 

with  a  Petition,  they  were  called  in. -But  no 

Mention  being  made,  in  thofe  Authorities,  of-  the 
Contents  of  this  Paper,  we  (hall  fupply  the  Defi- 
ciency from  Mr.  Ludlow^  who  writes,  '  That  fome 
Officers  of  the  Army,  difgufted  at  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Parliament,  came  to  the  Door  of  the  Houfe ; 
A  Petition  from  and  fent  in  a  Meffage  to  General  Dejborougb,  fig- 
feveral  Officers  njfyjng    That  they  had  a  Petition,  which  they  de- 

of  the  Army,  to  -    ' .    °.  r    •  i       c-         i  T>        i_      i 

the  Parliament,  "red  him  to  prcfent  to  the  Speaker :  But  he  know- 
againft  Crom-  ing  the  Contents  of  it,  and  conceiving  it  unfit  for 
w^'s  beins'  him  to  take  pub^c  Notice  of  it  before  it  was  pre- 
fented,  only  acquainted  the  Houfe,  That  certain 
Officers  of  the  Army  had  a  Petition  to  prefect  to 
them :  And  every  one  fuppofing  that  the  S-entiments 
of  thefe  Officers  were  conformable  to  their  own, 
Cromwell's  Party  concluding  that  none  of  the  Army 
durft  appear  for  the  crofling  his  Defign,  it  was  ge- 
nerally agreed  that  they  ftiould  be  called  in,  and 
have  Leave  to  prefent  their  Petition  with  their  own 
Hands.  Lieutenant- Colonel  Mafon  was  chofen,  by 

the 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        123 

the  reft  of  the  Officers,  to  deliver  it j  which  when  he 
had  done,  and  the  Officers  wcic  withdrawn,  the  fame1 
was  read  to  this  Effect:  *  That  they  had  hazarded 
their  Lives  againft  Monarchy,  and  were  ftill  ready 
fo  to  do,  in  Defence  of  the  Liberties  of  their  Coun- 
try :  That  having  obferved,  in  fome  Men,  great 
Endeavours  to  bring  the  Nation  again  under  their 
old  Servitude,  by  prefling  their  General  to  take 
upon  him  the  Title  and  Government  of  a  King^  in 
order  to  deftroy  him,  and  weaken  the  Hands  of 
thofe   who    were   faithful    to   the   Public ;    they 
therefore  humbly  defucd  the  Houfe  to  difcounte- 
nance  all  fuch  Perforis  and  Endeavours,  and  con- 
tinue ftedfaft  to  the  old  Caufe,  for  the  Preferva- 
tion  of  which  they,  for  their  Parts*  were  moft 
ready  to  lay  down  their  Lives  a.'     This  Petition 
xvas  fubfcribed  by  two  Colonels,  feveh  Lieutenant- 
Colonels,  eight  Majors,  and  fixteen  Captains,  who, 
with  fuch.Officers  in  the  Houfe  as  were  of  the  fame 
Opinion,  made  up  the  Majority  of  thofe  which 
were  then  quartered  about  the  Town.' 

*  It  was  difficult  (adds  our  Memorialing)  to  deter- 
mine whether  the  Houfe  or  Cromwell  was  moft  fur- 
prized  at  this  unexpected  AiJdrefs  j  but,  certainly, 
both  were  infinitely  difturbed  at  it.  As  foon  as  the 
Notice  of  it  was  brought  to  him,  he  fent  for  Lieu- 
tenant-General Flcftiuoofl)  and  told  him,  *  That  he 
wondered  he  Would  fuffer  fuch  a  Petition  to  pro- 
ceed fo  far,  which  might  eafdy  have  been  prevent- 
ed, fmce  he  knew  it  to  be  his  Refolution  not  to  ac- 
cept the  Crown  without  the  Confcnt  of  the  Army; 
and  therefore  defired  him  to  haften  to  the  Houfe, 
and  put  thtrn  off"  from  doing  any  Thing  further 
therein.  The  Lieutenant -General  immediately 
went  thither,  and  told  them,  That  the  Petition 
ought  not  to  be  debated,  much  lefs  to  be  anfwered 

at 

»  This  Petition  w«s  fo  diftafteful  to  Cratnvt/I,  that  ail  poffible  Means 
were  ufed  by  Secretary  Tburhe  to  prevent  any  Copies  thereof  being 
difperfed  in  England  ;  Orders  of  the  fame  kind  were  fent  to  General 
Monk  in  Scitlafid,  and  to  Henry  Cmmtoe/l,  the  Protestor's  fccond  Sor\, 
then  in  Inland*  Tburloei  Slate  Pffftrs,  Vtli  Vlt  p.  29 1,  310. 


124       yb*  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  at  this  Time,  the  Contents  of  it  being  to  defire 

t^f5— ^_y  them  not  to  prefs  the  Prote&or  to  be  King,  where- 

M  as  the  prefent  Bufinefs  was  to  receive  his  Anfwer 

to  what  had  been  formerly  offered  to  him  ;   and 

therefore  he  infifted  that  the  Debate  of  it  might  be 

put  off,  foj:  the  prefent. 

Mr.  Ludlow1^  Account  of  the  foregoing  Affair 
Hands  confirmed  by  the  Journals ;  in  which  it  ap- 
pears, That,  the  Petitioners  being  withdrawn,  the 
Houfe,  without  coming  to  any  Refolution  as  to  the 
Matter  of  the  Petition,  went  to  meet  the  Lord  Pro- 
tector at  the  Banqueting-Houfe^  according  to  his 
Appointment ;  where  he  delivered  his  Sentiments  to 
them  in  thefe  Words  : 

Mr.  Speaker, 

*  T  Come  hither  to  anfwer  that  which  was  in  your 
SfheUrefuef«    1  .laft  PaPer  to  th.e  Committee  you  fent  to  me, 
tliat Title;       '  which  was  in  relation  to  the  Defires  which  were 

'  offered  to  me  by  the  Houfe,  in  what  they  called 
4  their  Petition. 

'  I  confefs,  that  Bufinefs  hath  put  the  Houfe, 
c  the  Parliament,  to  a  great  deal  of  Trouble,  and 
*•  fpent  much  Time. 

'  I  am  very  forry  for  that !  It  hath  coft  me  fome 
'  and  fome  Thoughts ;  and  becaufe  1  have  been  the 

*  unhappy  Occafion  of  the  Expence  of  fo  much 
6  Time,  I  fhall  fpend  little  of  it  now. 

'  I  have,  the  beft  I  can,  revolved  the  whole  Bufi- 
'  nefs  in  my  Thoughts  ;  and  I  have  faid  fo  much 
'  already  in  Teftimony  to  the  whole,  that  I  think 
'  I  fhall  not  need  to  repeat  any  Thing  that'  I  have 
'  faid.  I  think  it  is  a  Government  that,  in  the  Aims 

*  of  it,  feeksthe  fettling  the  Nation  on  a  good  Foot, 
'  in   relation  to  Civil  Rights  and  Liberties,  which 
'  are  the  Rights  of  the  Nation  :  And  I  hope  I  fhall 
'  never  be  found  to  be  one  of  them  that  fhall  go 
'  about  to  rob  the  Nation  of  thole  Rights,  but  to 
'  ferve  them  what  I  can  to  the  attaining  of  them. 

*  it  is  alfo  exceedingly  well  provided  there,  for 

*  the  Safety  and  Security  of  honeft  Men,  in  that 

«  great, 


Of   ENGLAND.       125 

T  »reat,   natural,    and   religious  Liberty,  which  is  inter-regnum. 

*  Liberty  of  Confcience.     Thefe  are  the  great  Fun-        '657- 

'  damentals ;   and  I   muft  bear  my  Teftimony  to    *— — v— -^ 

*  them,  as  I  have  and  (hall  do  ftill,  fo  long  as  God        May> 
'  lets   me  live  in    this  World,  that  the  Intentions 

'  and  the  Things  are  very  honourable  and  honeft, 
'  and  the  Product  worthy  of  a  Parliament :  I  have 
'  only  had  the  Unhappinefs,  both  in  my  Conferences 

*  with  your  Committees,  and  in  the  bed  Thoughts 

*  I  could  take   to  myfelf,  not  to  be  convinced  of 

*  the  Necefllty  of  that  Thing  that   hath   been   fo 
'  often  in  lifted  on  by  you  ;  to  wit,  the  Title  of 
'  King,  as  in  itfelf  fo  necefiary  as  it  feems  to  be 
'  apprehended  by  you. 

4  And  yet  I  do,  with  all  Honour  and  Refpect 
'  to   the  Judgment   of  a  Parliament,  teftify  that 

*  (cateris  paribus)  no  private  Judgment  is  to  lie  in 

*  the  Balance   with  the  Judgment  of  Parliament ; 
'  but,   in  Things  that  refpeft  particular  Perfons, 
4  every  Man  that  is  to  give  an  Account  to  God  of 

*  his  Aclions,  muft,  in  fome  Mcafure,  be  able  tor 
'  prove  his  own  Work,  and  to  have  an  Approba- 
'  tion,  in  his  own  Confcience,  of  that  that  he  is  to 
'  do,  or  to  forbear  :  And  whilft  you  are  granting 
4  others  their  Liberties,  furely  you  will  not  deny  me 
'  this ;  it  being  not  only  a  Liberty,  but  a  Duty  (and 

*  fuch  a  Duty  as  I  cannot,  without  Sinning,  forbear) 

*  to  examine  my  own  Heart,  and  Thoughts,  and 
'  Judgment,  in  every  Work  which  I  am  to  fet  my 
4  Hand  to,  or  to  appear  in,  or  for. 

*  I  muft  confcfs  therefore,  that  though  I  do  ac- 

*  knowledge  all  the  other,  yet  I  muft  be  a  little 

*  confident  in  this,  That  what  with  the  Circum- 

*  ftances  that  accompany  human  Actions,  whether 
'  they  be  Circumrtances  of  Times  or  Perfons  ;  whe- 
'  ther  Circumftances  that  relate  to  the  whole,  or 

*  private,  or  particular  Circumftances,  that  compafs 
'  any  Perfon  that  is  to  render  an  Account  of  his  own 

*  Actions  ;  I  have  truly  thought  and  do  ftill  think, 

*  that  if  I  fhould,  at  the  beft,  do  any  Thing  on  this 

*  Account  to  anfwer  your  Expectation,  at  the  beft, 

*  I  fliwulJ  do  it  deubtingly  j  and,  certainly,  what  is 


126     The  Parliamentary  Hi  STORY* 

4  fo,  is  not  of  Faith ;  and  whatfoever  is  not  fo, 
'  whatfoever  is  not  of  Faith,  is  Sin  to  him  that  doth 
'  it,  whether  it  be  with  relation  to  the  Subftance 

*  of  the  Action,  about  which  that  Confideration  is 
'  converfant,  or  whether  to  Circumftances  about  it, 
'  which  make  all  indifferent;  Actions  good  or  evil  : 

*  I  fay  Circumftances ;  and  truly  I  mean  good  or 
'  evil  to  him  that  doth  it. 

'  I,  lying  under  this  Confideration,  think  it  my 

*  Duty,   onTy  I   could  have  wifhed  I  had  done   it 

*  fooner,  for  the  Sake  of  the  Houfe,  who  hath  laid 

*  fo  infinite  Obligations  on  me  ;  I  wiih  I  had  done 

*  it  fooner,  for  your  Sake,  and  faving  Time   and 
'  Trouble  ;  and  indeed  for  the  Committee's  Sake, 
'  to  whom  I  muft  acknowledge  publickly  I  have 

*  been  unreafonably  troublefome  :  I  fay  I  could  have 

*  wifhed  I  had  given  it  fooner  :  But  truly,  this  is 
'  my  Anfwer,  That  (although  I  think  the  Govern- 

*  ment  doth  confift  of  very  excellent  Parts,  iri  all 

*  but  in  that  one  Thing  the  Title,  as  to  me)  I 

*  fhoald  not  be  an  honeft  Man  if  I  ihould  not  tell 
'  you,  that  I  cannot  accept  of  the  Government  nor 

*  undertake  the  Trouble  and  Charge  of  it,  which 
'  I   have  a  little    more  experimented    than   every 
'  Body,  what  Troubles  and  Difficulties  do  befal 
'  Men  under  fuch  Trufts,  and  in  fuch  Undertakings : 

*  I  fay  I  am  perfuaded  to  return  this  Anfwer  to  you, 
'  That  I  cannot  undertake  the  Government  with 
'  the  Title  of  King:  And  that  is  my  Anfwer  to  this 
'  great  and  weighty  Bufinefs.' 

jN"otwithftanding  Cromwell's  refufing  the  Title  of 
King)  with  fuch  feemins;  Earneftnefs,  it  appears, 
upon  the  Evidence  cf  Mr.  IVbitlscke  and  Secretary 
Thurloe,  l  That  the  Pror.ecT.or  was  not  only  fully 
fatisfied  in  his  own  private  Judgment,  that  it  was  fit 
for  him  to  accept  of  the  Parliament's  Propofal,  but 
alfo  declared  to  feveral  Members  his  Reiolution  to 
do  fo  j  and  that  Matters  were  prepared  in  order 
thereto  a.'  A  modern  Hiftorian  b  adds,  That  a 

Crown 

a    Memorials^  p.  646.—  Ludlcvi,  Vol.  II.  p.  583,  ft  ftj .— $ur- 
net\  Hiftery  of  bis  own  Times,  Vol,  I.  p.  7®. 
\f  &tho»tft  Memtirs,  p.  1 1 6. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      127 

•Crown  was  a&ually  made  ready;   and  it  appears  inter-regnnm . 
by  feveral  original  'Letters  lince  published  c,  that        ^57. 
not  only  the  Protector's  own  Family,  but  even  the    *— • ~v— - ' 
fagacious  Thurloe,  was  captivated  with  the  Glare          lay' 

of  his  Matter's  expedted  Monarchy.- And  altho' 

all  Hiftorians  agree  that  Cromwell's  P'ear  of  the  Rc- 
fentment  of  th«  principal  Officers  in  his  Army,  ( who 
might  hope  to  fucceexl  him  as  Protector  in  their 
Turn)  the  Sollicitations  of  the  Republicans,  and  the 
fufpected  Fury  of  the  various  hinthufiafts  of  the 
Times  d,  did,  without  Doubt,  principally  contri- 
bute to  this  Piece  of  Self-DeniaJ ;  yet  it  is  ob- 
fcrvable,  from  the  whole  Conduct  of  the  Commit- 
tee in  the  foregoing  Conference,  that  their  Aim  was; 
rather  to  reftore  the  Conftitution,  than  to  pay  a  Per- 
fbnal  Compliment  to  Cromwell:  And  had  he  accept- 
ed the  Title  of  King,  his  own  Depofal  might  polfibi  v 
have  made  Way  for  the  Reftoration  of  the  Stuqrt 
Family;  iincc,  if  the  Government  mud  have  been 
veiled  in  a  King,  the  Nation  woyld  probably  have 
chofen  rather  to  fubmit  to  the  Family  of  their  an- 
tient  Monarchs,  than  to  one  who  had  been  fo  lately 
their  Fellow-Subject ;  and  the  rather,  fince  fuch  a 
Revolution  would  have  delivered  the  Kingdom  from 
the  terrible  Confequences  of  a  diluted  Title  be- 
tween a  King  de  "Jure  and  a  King  tie  Fatio. 

How  far  the  Jealoufy  of  fuch  a  Turn  might  contri- 
bute to  Cromwell's  Determination,  is  Matter  of 
Speculation  ;  but  this  Conjecture  will,  perhaps,  be 
allowed  to  have  fome  Weight,  when  it  is  remem- 
bered that  not  one  of  the  Orators  of  the  Committee, 
except  Mr.  Lijle,  had  any  Concern  in  the  Trial  of 
Jfax^Charltt  theFirft,  and  even  he  did  not  fignthe 
bloody  Warrant ;  and  that  moft  of  the  others  ha<i 
been  fecludcd  by  the  Army  in  December^  1648,  be- 
fore the  Judicial  Procefs  was  commenced  a-ninlt 
that  unhappy  Prince.  To  this  may  be  added,  That 
Lord  Clarendon  %  though  he  fays 'that  many  of  the 
Cavaliers  were  ftruck  with  Horror  at  the  Propoial 
lor  advancing  Cromwell  to  the  Crown,  as  tearing  up 

all 

e  7/ii.r/e/s  State  Poftrt,  Vol.  VI.  p.  281,  Z$Z,   313. 
•'    A'fV*o//Vs  Colle iiien  of  Letters,  &C.  p. 
*   //./.  'j,  Vol.  VI.  p.  589. 


128     The  Parliamentary 

Imer-regnum.  all  future  Hopes  of  the  Royal  Family  by  the  Roots'^ 
1657.        yet  he  admits  that  Nobody  was  forwarder  in  that 
v— -v— — '    Acclamation  than  very  many  of  the  King's  Party, 
May*        who  really  believed  that  the  making  Crormvell  King, 
for  the  prefent,  was  the  beft  Expedient  for  the  Re- 
ftoration  of  his  Majefty ;  and  that  the  Army  and  the 
whole  Nation  would  then  have  been  united  rather 
to  reftore  the  true,  than  to  admit  of  a  falfe,  Sove- 
reign, whofe  Hypocrify  and  Tyranny  being  now  de- 
tedted  and  known,  would  be  the  more  oetefted. . 

But  to  return  : 

In  canvafling  and  debating  the  foregoing  Speech 

of  the  Lord  Protector,  the  Office  of  King/hip,  which 

they  had  put  into  their  Humble  Petition  and  Advice, 

and  which  he  had,  now,  artfully  refufed  to  accept, 

came  in  Queftion  ;  and  on  the  igth  of  this  Month 

rient'agre'to"1116  Houfe  refolved,  on  a  Divifion  of  77  againft  45, 

ftyle  him  Lord  that  the  Words  Lord  Protector  fhould  be  inferted  in- 

Protestor,  with  ftead  of  that  of  King. 

certain  Limita- 

Power°f  h'S  Jt  is  obfervable  tnat>  in  tlje  foregoing  Conferen- 
ces between  Cromwell  and  the  Committee,  the  prin- 
cipal Arguments  urged  for  his  being  King,  were 
grounded  upon  a  juft  Apprehenfion  of  the  Inconve- 
niences which  might  arife  to  the  Public  from  the 
Government's  being  vefted  in  a  Title  unknown  t» 
the  Conftitution.  The  Monarchical  Party  there- 
fore, being  over-ruled  in  this  Queftion,  infifted, 
that,  as  the  Houfe  had  thought  fit  to  change  the 
Name  of  King  into  that  of  Protector,  a  Committee 
rnigl.t  be  appointed  to  whom  it  fhould  be  referred  to 
confider  how  that  Title  might  be  bounded,  limited, 
and  circumftantiated.  This  being  too  reafonable  a 
Propofal  to  fuffer  a  Negative,  a  Committee  was 
appointed  accordingly ;  neverthelefs  when  they  made 
their  Report,  on  the  22d,  the  Queftion  for  agreeing 
thereto  was  carried  by  a  Majority  of  only  53  Voices 
againft  50;  which  confirmed  the  Sufpicion  that  thofe 
who  oppofed  Cramiuell's  being  King^  fought  to  ren- 
der him  more  abfolute  as  Prcteffcr.  However,  the 
Queftion  for  agreeing  with  the  Committee  being 

carried 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       129 

carried,  the  Houfe  then  refolved,  That  inftead  of  the  inter-regmun, 
Paragraph  in  their  Petition,  running  thus,  That  your 
Highnefs  will  be  pleafed  to  ajfume  the  Name,  Style, 
Title,  Dignity,  and  Office  of  King  0/  England,  Scot- 
land, and  Ireland,  and  the  refpeflive  Dominions  and 
Territories  thereto  belonging  \  and  to  exercife  the  fam* 
according  to  the  Laws  of  thefe  Nations  j  this  Ciaufe 
be  inferred  :  That  your  Highnefs  will  be  pleafed  ',  by  and 
under  the  Name  and  Style  cf  Lord  Protestor  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
and  the  Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  ' 


ing,  to  hold  and  exercife  the  Office  of  Chief  Magi- 
/irate  of  thefe  Nations  ;  and  to  govern  according  to 
this  Petition  and  Advice  in  all  Things  therein  con- 
tained, and,  in  all  other  Things,  according  to  the 
Laws  of  thefe  Nations,  and  not  otherwife. 

This  knotty  Point  being  thus  fmeothed,  put  an 
End  to  all  farther  Debates  on  the  Parliament's  Pe- 
tition and  Advice  ;  and  it  was  ordered  to  be  en- 
grofled  fair  as  foon  as  poflible.  On  the  25th,  the 
Day  appointed  by  Cromwell  to  receive  it,  he  came 
down  to  Wejlminfter  ;  and  fending  for  the  Houfe  to 
attend  him  in  the  Painted-  Chamber,  the  Speaker 
prefented  the  fame  to  his  Highnefs,  acquainting  him 
with  the  Alterations  made  therein  ;  and  then  the 
whole  was  read  in  the  following  Terras  : 

To  his  Highnefs  the  LORD  PROTECTOR  of 

the  Commonwealth  of  England,  Scotland,  and 
Ireland,  and  the  Pominions  thereto  belonging, 

The  HUMBLE  PETITION  and  ADVICE  of  the 
KNIGHTS,  CITIZENS,  and  BURGESSES  now  af  • 
fembled  in  the  Parliament  of  this  Commour 
wealth. 

the  Knights,  Citizens,  and  Burgcjfis  in  this  Their 
prefent  Parliament  ajembled,  taking  into 
tnojl  Jerious  Confederation  the  prefent  State  of  thefe 
three  Nations,  joined  and  united  under  your  High- 
nefs's  Prcft£iisn%  cannot  but,  in  the  firjl  'Place,  with 
all  Thankfulnefs  acknowledge  the  wonderful  Mercy  of 
XXI.  Al- 


130     The  Parliamentary  Hi  STORY 

later-regnum.  Almighty  God,  in  delivering  us  from  that  Tyranny 
l6"'  and  Bondage,  both  in  our  Spiritual  and  Civil  Con- 
cernments^ which  the  late  King  and  his  Party  defigned 
to  'bring  us  under ,  and  purfued  the  effecting  thereof 
by  a  long  and  bloody  War  ;  and  alfo  that  it  hath  plea- 
fed  the  fame  gracious  God  to  prejerve  your  Perjon  in 
many  Battles,  to  make  you  an  Inftrument  for  pre- 
ferving  our  Peace,  although  environed  with  Enemies 
abroad,  and  filled  ivith  turbulent,  rejllefs,  and  un- 
quiet Spirits  in  our  own  Bowels  ;  that  as  in  the  tread' 
ing,  down  the  common  Enemy,  and  reftoring  us  to 
Peace  and  Trauquility,  the  Lord  hath  ufed  you  fo 
eminently,  and  the  worthy  Officers  and  Soldiers  of  the 
Army,  whoje  Faithfulnefs  to  the  Common  Cauje,  we 
and  all  good  Men  jhall  e,ver  acknowledge,  and  put  a 
juft  Value  upon;  fo  alfo  that  -he  will  ufe  you  and 
them  in  the  fettling  and  fecuring  our  Liberties,  as  we 
are  Men  and  Chriftians,  to  us  and  our  Pofterity  af- 
ter us;  ^uhich  are  thoje  great  and  glorious  Ends  which 
the  good  People  of  thefe  Nations  have  fo  freely,  with 
the  Hazard  of  their  Lives  and  Eftates,  fo  long  and 
tarncftly  contended  for :  We  confider  likewife  the  con- 
tinual Danger  which  your  Life  is  in,  from  the  bloody 
Practices,  both  of  the  malignant  and  dif contented  Par- 
ty, (one  whereof,  thro"  the  Goodnefs  of  God,  you  have 
been  lately  delivered  from)  it  being  a  received  Prin- 
ciple amongjl  the:', ,  That  no  Order  being  fettled  in 
your  Lifetime  for  the  SucceJJion  in  the  Government, 
nothing  is  wanting  to  bring- us  into  Blood  and  Confu- 
Jjon,  and  them  to  their  defied  Ends,  but  the  Deftruc- 
tion  of  your  Perfoti ;  and  in  cafe  Things  Jbould  thus 
remain  at  your  Death,  zue  arc  not  able  to  exprefs 
•what  Calamities  would,  in  all  human  Probability,  en- 
fue  thereupon,  which  we  trujl  your  Highnefs,  as  well 
as  we,  do  hold  yourfelf  obliged  to  provide  againjl; 
and  not  to  leave  a  People,  whofe  common  Peace  and 
Inter  eft  you  are  intrujled  with,  in  fuch  a  Condition 
as  may  hazard  both,  efpecially  in  this  Conjuncture, 
when  there  feems  to  be  an  Opportunity  of  coming  to 
a  Settlement  upon  juft  and  legal  Foundations.  Upon 
theft  Conjidsrations,  we  have  judged  it  a  Duty  in- 
cumbent 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       131 

cumbcnt  upon  us,  to  prefent  and  declare  thffe  our  moft  Inter- regnum. 
jujl  and  nctfjfary  Deftres  to  your  Highnefs. 

I.  That  your  Highnefs  will  be  pleafed,  by  and  un- 
der  the  Name  -and  Style  of  Lord  Protettor  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
and  the  Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  belonging, 
to  hold  and  exercife  the  Office  of  Chief  Alagijirate 
of  thefe  Nations,  and  to  govern  according  to  this  Pe- 
tition and  Advice,  in  all  Things  therein  contained* 
and  in  all  other  Things  according  to  the  Laws  of  thefe 
Nations,  and   not   otherwife :  That  your  Highnefs 
will  be  pleafed,    during  ysur  Lifetime.,  to   appoint 
and  declare  the  Perfon  who  jhall*  immediately  after 
your  Death,  fucceed  you  in  the  Government  of  thefe 
Nations. 

II.  That  your  Hi^hnsft  will,  for  the  future,  be 
pleafed  to  call  Parliaments,  confeft'wg  if  two  Houfesy 
(in  Inch  Manner  and  fray  as  fnall  be  more  particu- 
larly afterwards  agreed  and  declared  in  this  Petition 
and  Advice)    once   in   thres   Tears   at  fartheji,  or 
cftner  as  the  Affairs  of  the  Nation  Jhall  require,  thqt 
being  your  Great  Council,  and  in  whofe  Ajjettion  and 
Advice  yourfelf  and  this  People  will  be  mtji  jafe 
and  happy. 

III.  That  the  antient  and  undoubted  Liberties  and 
Privileges  of  Parliament  (which  are  the  Birthright 
and  Inheritance  of  the  People,,  and  wherein  every 
Man  it  inter ejled)  be  preferred  and  maintained;  and 
ikat  you  will  not  break  or  rxicrnipt  the  fsm£,  .n&r 
Jujfer  them  to  be  broken  or  interrupted ;  and partku.- 

larly,  that  thofe  Perfons  who  are  legally  chsfcn  by  .a 
free  Election  of  the  People  to  ferve  in  Parliament, 
may  not  be  excluded  from  fitting  in  Parliament  to  tfo 
thiir  Duties,  tut  by  Judgmati  and  Confent  of  that 
liw.fe  whereof  they  are  Members. 

IV.  Th/it  thofe  who  have  advifed,  pjfifted,  or  abet- 
ted  the  Rebellion  of  Ireland,  and  thofe  who  do  or  flat! 
profefs  the  Popjfn  Religion,  be  difabled  and  made  in- 

.  U-  for  /ver  to  be  e letted,  or  to  give  any  Vote  in 
the  Elctiion  of  any  Member  to  fit  or  ferve  in  Par- 
liament ;  and  that  all  and  every  Perfon  and  Perfom 
why  have  aided)  abetted,  advifed,  or  aflif.cd  in  any 
I  2 


• 

132     The  "Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  Wot  againjl  the  Parliament,  fmce  the  firjl  Day  of 
January,  1641,  (unlefs  he  or  they  have  fmce  borne 
Arms  for  the  Parliament  or  your  Highnefs,  or  other- 
wife  given  fignal  Tejlimony  of  his  or  their  good  Af- 
feftion  to  the  Commonwealth,  and  continued  faithful 
to  the  fame)  ;  and  all  fuch  as  have  been  affually  en- 
gaged in  any  Plot,  Conspiracy,  or  Defign  againfl  the 
Perfon  of  your  Highnefs,  or  in  any  Infurreffion  or 
Rebellion  in  England  or  Wales  fmce  the  i6tb  Day 
of  December,  1653,  Jhall  be  for  ever  difabled  and 
made  incapable  to  be  ehfted,  or  give  any  Vote  in  the 
.£  left  ion  of  any  Member  to  Jit  or  ferve  in  Parliament. 
'That  for  Scotland  none  be  capable  to  eletJ,  or  be 
defied  to  Jit  or  ferve  in  Parliament,  who  have  been 
in  Arms  againjl  the  Parliament  of  England,  or 
againjl  the  Parliament  in  Scotland  before  the  firft 
Day  of  April,  1648,  (except  fitch  as  have  fmce 
borne  Arms  in  the  Service  of  the  Parliament  of  Eng- 
land or  your  Highnefs,  or  given  .other  fignal  Tejlimony 
of  their  good  Ajfettion)  nor  any  that,  fmce  the  f aid  firft 
Day  of  April,  1648,  have  been  in  Arms,  or  other- 
wife  aided,  abetted,  advifed,  or  aflifted  in  any  War 
again  ft  the  Parliament  of  England  or  your  Highnefs, 
except  fuch  as,  fmce  the  firft  Day  of  March,  1651, 
Qld  Style,  have  lived  peaceably,  and  thereby  given 
Tejlimony  of  their  good  Ajfeftion  to  the  Parliament 
and  your  Highnefs. 

Provided,  That  nothing  in  this  Article  contained, 
Jhall  extend  to  put  any  Incapacity  upon  any  Englifti  or 
Scots  Proteftants  in  Ireland,  either  to  eleft  or  be 
elefted  to  ferve  in  Parliament,  who  before  the  firft 
Day  of  March,  1649,  have  borne  Arms  for  the 
Parliament  or  your  Highnefs,  or  othenuije  given 
fignal  Teftimony  of  their  good  Ajfettion  to  this  Com- 
monwealth, and  continusd  faithful  to  the  fame  :  That 
all  Votes  and  Elections,  given  or  made  contrary,  or 
not  according  to  the  £)uiilifications  aforefaid,  (hall  be 
vo>d  and  of  none  Effett  ;  and  that  if  any  Perfon  or 
Pet  fans,  fo  incapable  as  aforefaid,  fliatt,  give  his  or 
their  Vote  for  Election  of  Members  to  ferve  in  Par- 
liament, all  and  every  fuch  Perfon  and  Perfons  fo 
eltfting,  Jhall  lofe  and  forfeit  one  Tears  Value  of  his 

and 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       133 

*nd  their  refpeftive  Real  Eftates,  and  one  full  third  Inter-regnum, 
Part  of  bis  and  their  refpefiive  Perfonal  EJlates ; 
the  one  Moiety  thereof  to  your  Highnefs,  and  the    **~~M~ 
ether  Moiety  to  him  or  them  who  /hall  fue  for  the 
fame,  in  any  Court  of  Record,  by  AcJion  of  Debty 
Billy  Plaint^  or  Information,  wherein  no  EJJoign* 
Wager  of  Law,    or  Protection  Jhall  be  allowed. 
And  that  the  Perfons  who  Jhall  be  elecJed  to  Jerve 
in  Parliament^  be  /uch,  and  none  other  than  fuch,  as 


are  Perjons  of  known  Integrity ,  fearing  God,  and  of 
food  Converjation,  and  being  of  the  Age  of  Twenty- 
one  Tears  ;  and  not  fuch  as  are  difabled  by  the  Aft  of 
the  feventeenth  Tear  of  the  late  King,  intitled,  An 
A61  for  difabling  all  Perfons  in  Holy  Orders,  to  ex- 
crcife  any  Temporal  Jurifdi&ion  or  Authority,  nor 
fuch  as  are  public  Minifters,  or  public  Preachers  of 
the  Gofpel :  Nor  fuch  as  are  guilty  of  any  of  the 
Offences  mentioned  in  an  Afl  of  Parliament,  bearing 
Date  the  ninth  of  Auguft,  1650,  intitled,  An  A61 
againft  ieveral  atheiftical,  blafphemous,  and  exe- 
crable Opinions  derogatory  to  the  Honour  of  God, 
and  deftru&ive  to  human  Society.  No  common 
Scoffer,  nor  Reviler  of  Religion  or  of  any  Per  Jon  or 
Perfons  for  profejjing  thereof ;  no  P  erf  on  that  hath 
married  or  foall  marry  a  Wife  of  the  Popijh  Religion ; 
or  hath  trained  or  JJiall  train  up  his  Child  or  Chil- 
dren, or  any  other  Child  or  Children  under  bis  Tui- 
tion or  Government,  in  the  Popijb  Religion,  or  that 
fiall  permit  or  fuffer  fuch  Child  or  Children  to  be 
trained  up  in  the  Jaid  Religion;  or  that  hath  given 
or  Jhall  give  his  Confent  that  his  Son  or  Daughter 
Jhall  marry  any  of  that  Religion :  No  Perfon  that 
jhall  deny  the  Scriptures  to  be  the  Word  of  God,  or 
the  Sacraments,  Prayer,  Magiftracy,  and  Minijlry 
to  be  the  Ordinances  of  God ;  no  common  Profaner 
of  the  Lord's  Day,  nor  profane  Swearer  or  Curfer, 
no  Drunkard  or  common  Haunter  of  Taverns  or  Ale- 
houfes.  And  that  thefe  Qualifications,  may  be  obfer- 
ved,  and  yet  the  Privilege  of  Parliament  maintain' d, 
tve  defire  that  it  may  be,  by  your  IJigbnefs's  Csn- 
fent,  ordained,  That  forty-one  Commijjioners  be  ap- 
pointed by  AQ  of 'Parliament ',  who,  or  any  fifteen  »r 
I  3  more 


134     ffi*e  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter-regnum.  fftore  of  them,  fliall  be  authorized  to  examine  and  try 
whether  the  Members,  to  be  defied  for  the  Houfe  of 
Commons  in  future  Parliaments ,  be  capable  to  fit* 
according  to  the  Qualifications  mentioned  in  this  Pe- 
tition and  Advice  ;  and  in  cafe  they  find  them  not 
qualified  accordingly,  then  to  fufpend  them  from  Jit" 
ting  until/  the  Houfe  of  Commons  frail,  upon  hearing 
of  their  particular  Cafes,  admit  them  to  fit ;  which 
CemmiJJiontrs  are  to  ftand  fo  authorized,  for  that 
'End,  untill  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  in  any  future 
Parliament^  /hall  nominate  the  like  Number  of  other 
Commijffioners  in  their  Places ;  and  thofe  other  Com- 
mijfioners,fo  to  be  nominated  in  any  future  Parliament, 
to  have  the  fame  Powers  and  Authorities.  Thxt  the 
faid  Commijfioners  /hall  certify,  in  Writing,  to  the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  on  the  fir Jl  Day  of  their  Meeting, 
the  Caufes  and  Grounds  of  their  Sufpenfeon  of  any  Per- 
fons  fo  to  be  eleEled  as  aforefaid :  That  the  Accufa- 
tion  jhall  be  upon  the  Oath  of  the  Informer,  or  forne 
ether  Per  Jon  :  That  a  Copy  of  the  Accufation  jhall 
be  left  by  the  Party  accufing,  in  Writing  under  his 
Hand,  with  the  Party  accufed,  or,  in  his  Abfence, 
at  his  Houfe  in  the  County,  City,  or  Town,  for  which 
he  Jball  be  chofen,  if  he  have  any  fuch  Houje  ;  or  if 
not,  with  the  Sheriff  of  the  County,  if  he  be  chofen 
for  a  County,  or  with  the  Chief  Magiftrate  of  the  City 
or  Borough  for  which  he  is  chofen :  And  that  the  Num- 
ber of  Perjons  to  be  elecJed  and  chojen  to  Jit  and  ferve 
in  Parliament,  for  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
and  the  Di/iribution  of  the  Perlons  Jo  chofen  within 
the  Counties.  Cities,  and  Boroughs  cf  them  refpec* 
tively,  may  be  according  to  fuch  Proportions  as  foall 
lie  agreed  upon  and  declared  in  this  prefent  Parlia- 
ment. 

V.  That  your  Highnefs  will  confent,  That  none  be 
called  to  fit  and  vote  in  the  Other  Houfe,  but  fuch  as 
are  not  di/abled,  but  qualified  according  to  the  Qua- 
lifications mentioned  in  the  former  Article,  being  fuch 
as  /hall  be  nominated  by  your  Highnefs,  and  approved 
by  this  Houfe ;  and  that  they  exceed  not  fevcnty  in 
Number,  nor  be  under  the  Number  of  forty,  (whereof 
the  Quorum  to  be  twenty-one)  who  Jball  not  give  any 

Vote 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N    D.       135 

Vole  by  Proxies  ;  and  that  as  any  of  them  do  die*  ar  Inter-re&num. 
be  legally  removed,  no  new  ones  be  admitted  to  Jit  57* 

and  Vote  in  their  Rooms,  but  by  Confent  of  the  Houfe  ~ 

'lf:  That  the  Other  Houfe  do  not  proceed  in  any 


Civil  Caufes,  except  in  Writs  of  Error  ;  in  Cafes  ad- 
journed from  inferior  Courts  into  the  Parliament  for 
Difficulty,  in  Cafes  of  Petitions  again/1  Proceedings 
in  Courts  of  Equity,  and  in  Cafes  of  the  Privileges 
cf  their  own  Houfe  :  That  they  do  not  proceed  in 
any  Criminal  Caujes  whatfoever,  again/I  anv  Perfon 
criminally  ,  but  upon  an  Impeachment  of  the  Commons 
ajjembled  in  Parliament,  and  by  their  Confent  :  That 
they  do  not  proceed  in  any  Caufe,  either  Civil  or 
Criminal,  but  according  to  the  known  Laws  of  the 
Land,  and  the  due  Courfe  and  Ciiftom  of  Parliament  : 
That  no  final  Determinations  or  "Judgments  be  by 
any  Members  of  that  Houfe,  in  any  Caufe  there  de- 
pending, either  Civil,  Criminal,  or  Mix'd,  as  Corh- 
mijjioners  or  Delegates,  to  be  nominated  by  that 
Houfe  ;  but  all  fuch  final  Determinations  and  yudg- 
ments  to  be  by  the  Houfe  itfelf,  any  Law  or  Ujags 
to  the  contrary  notwithstanding. 

VI.  That  in  all  other  Particulars  which  concern 
the  calling  and  holding  of  Parliaments,  your  High- 
nefs  will  be  pleafed,  that  the  Laius  and  Statutes  of 
the  Land  be  obferved  and  kept  -,  and  that  no  Laws  be 
altered,  fufpended,  abrogated,   or  repealed,  or  new 
Laws  made,  but  by  Act  sf  Parliament. 

VII.  And  to  the  end  there  may  be  a  conjlant  Re- 
venue for  Support  of  the  Government,  and  for  the 


Safety  and  Defence  of  thcfe  Nations  by  Sea  and  Land, 

we  declare  our  fFillingnefs  to  fet\  " 

Revenue  of  1,300,000!.  whereof  I,COO,OOO  1.  for 


rignefs  to  fettle  forthwith  a  yearly 


the  Navy  and  Army,  and  300,000 1.  for  the  Support 
cf  the  Government,  and  no  Part  thereof  to  be  raifed 
by  a  Land-Tux ;  and  this  not  to  be  altered  without 
the  Conjent  of  the  Three  EJJates  in  Parliament ;  and  to 
grant  fuch  other  Temporary  Supplies,  according  as  the 
Commons  ajfcmbled  in  Parliament  fhall,  from  Time 
to  Timt,  adjudge  tJ^  NeceJJtties  of  thefe  Nations  to 
require  ;  and  do  pray  your  Higbnc/s,  that  it  be  de- 
clared and  enaftcd,  That  no  Charge  ve  laidy  nor  no 

Per- 


136     fhe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  Perfon  be  competed  to  contribute  to  any  Gift,  Loan, 
Benevolence,  Tax,  Tallage,  Aid,  or  ether  like  Charge 
without  common  Confent  by  AcJ  of  Parliament ;  which 
is  a  Freedom  the  People  of  thefe  Nations  ought,  by 
the  Laws,  to  inherit. 

VIII.  That  none  may  be  added  er  admitted  to  the 
Privy  Council  of  your  Highnefs  or  Succejfors,  but 
fuch  as  are  of  known  Piety y  and  undoubted  Affection 
to  the  Rights  of  thefe  Nations,  and  a  juft  Chrijlian 
Liberty  in  Matters  of  Religion,  nor  without  Confent 
of  the  Council,  to  be  afterwards  approved  by  both 
Houfes  of  Parliament ;  and  Jhall  net  afterwards  be 
removed,  but  by  Confent  of  Parliament ;  but  may,  in 
the  Intervals  of  Parliament,  be  fujpendedfrom  the  Ex- 
ercife  of  his  Place  by  your  Highnefs  or  your  Succejfors 
and  the  Council  for  ju/i  Caufe ;  and  that  the  Number 
of  the  Council  Jhall  not  be  above  twenty-one,  where- 
of the  Quorum  to  be  feven,  and  not  under :  As  a/fa 
that  after  your  Highnefs1  s  Death,  the  Commander  in 
Chief  under  your  Succejfors,  of  fucb  Army  or  Armies 
as  Jhall  be  necejfary  to  be  kept  in  England,  Scotland, 
or  Ireland,  as  alfa  all  fuch  Field-Officers  at  Land, 
cr  Generals  at  Sea,  which  after  that  Time  fliall  be 
newly  made  and  conjlituted  by  your  SucceJ)ors,  be  by 
Confent  of  the  Council,  and  not  otherwife  :  And  that 
thejlanding  Forces  of  this  Commonwealth  Jhall  be  dif- 
pofed  of  by  the  Chief  Magiftrate,  by  Confent  of  both 
Houfes  of  Parliament,  fitting  the  Parliament ;  and,  iti 
the  Intervals  of  Parliament,  by  the  Chief  Magiftrate, 
iuith  the  Advice  of  the  Council :  And  alfo  that  your 
Highnefs  (tnd  Succejfors  will  be  pleafed  to  exercife  your 
Government  over  thefe  Nations  by  the  Advice  of  your 
Council. 

IX.  And  that  the  Chancellor,  Keeper  or  Commif- 
fioners  of  the  Great  Seal  of  England,  the  Treafurer  or 
Commijjioners  of  the  Treafury  there,  -the  Admiral,  the 
Chief  Governor  of  Ireland,  the  Chancellor,  Keeper  or 
Commijjioners  of  the  Great  Seal  of  Ireland,  the  Chief 
'Juftices  of  both  the  Benches,  and  the  Chief  Baron  in 
England  and  Ireland,  the  Commander  in  Chief  of  the 
Forces  in  Scotland,  and  fttch  Officers  of  State  there, 
as,  by  Afl  of  Parliament  in  Scotland,  are  to  be  appro- 
ved by  Parliament^  and  the  Judges  in  Scotland  here- 
after 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       137 

Hfter  to  be  made,  Jhall  be  approved  of  by  both  Houfes  inter-regnum, 
of  Parliament.  7  6  5  7 

X.  And  whereas  your  Highnefs,  out  of  your  Zeal  to 
the  Glory  of  God,   and  the  Propagation  of  the  Go/pel 
of  our  Lord  Jefus  Chrijl,  hath  been  pleajed  to  encou- 
rage a  Godly  Minijlry  in  thej'e  Nations ;  IV e  earnejlly 
dejire  that  juch  as  do  openly  revile  them  or  their  Af- 
femblies,  at  dijiurb  them  in  the  IVorjhip  or  Service  of 

God)  to  the  Dijhonour  of  God,  Scandal  of  good  Men* 
or  Breach  of  the  Peace,  may  be  punijhed  according  ta 
Law  :  And  where  the  Laws  are  defective,  that  your 
Highncfs  will  give  Confent  to  fuch  Laws  as  Jhall  be 
made  in  that  Behalf. 

XI.  That  the  true  Protejlant  Cbrijlian  Religion, 
as  it  is  contained  in  the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and 
Nciv  Tejlament,  and  no  other,  be  held  forth  and  of- 
fer ted  for  the  public  ProfeJJion  ofthefe  Nations  :  And 
a  ConfeJJion  of  Faith  to  be  agreed  by  your  Highnefs 
and  the  Parliament,  according  to  the  Rule  and  War- 
rant of  the  Scriptures,  be  aj/erted,  held  forth,  and  re- 
commended to  the  People  of  thefe  Nations  \   that  none 
may  be  fujfered  or  permitted,  by  opprobrious  Words  or 
Writing,  malic'toujly  or  contemptuoujly  to  revile  or 

troach  the  Confej/Jicn  of  Faith  to  be  agreed  upon  as 


aforefaid :  And  juch  who  profefs  Faith  in  God  the 
Father,  and  in  Jefus  Chri/t  his  eternal  Son  the  True 
God,  and  in  the  Holy  Spirit,  God  co-equal  with  the 
Father  and  the  Son,  One  God  blejfed  for  ever;  and  do 
acknowledge  the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New 
Tejiament  to  be  the  revealed  Will  and  Word  of  God9 
and  Jhall  in  other  Things  differ  in  DoElrine,  IVorJhip, 
or  Difcipline,  from  the  public  ProfeJJion  held  forth, 
Endeavours  foall  be  ufed  to  convince  them,  by  found 
Doftrine,  and  the  Example  of  a  good  Conversation  : 
But  that  they  may  not  bt  compelled  thereto  by  Penal- 
ties, nor  reflrainedfrom  their  ProfeJJion;  but  protected 
from  all  Injury  and  Molejlation  in  the  ProfejJion  of 
the  Faith,  and  Exercife  of  their  Religion,  whdji 
they  abufe  not  this  Liberty  to  the  civil  Injury  of  others^ 
or  the  Dijlurbance  of  the  public  Peace ;  Jo  that  this 
Liberty  be  not  extended  to  Popery  or  Prelacy,  or  to 
the  Countenancing  fu(h  who  publijb  horrible  Blaf- 


138     The  Parliamentary  Hrsf  ORV 

Jnter-regnum.  phemies,  or  praftife  or  hold  forth  Licentloufnefs  or 
1657.        Profanenefs  under  the  Profeffion  of  Chrijl :  And  that 

V""CV""'""^  thofe  Mini/lers  or  public  Preachers,  who  Jhall  agree 
with  the  public  ProfeJJion  aforefaid  in  Matters  of 
Faith)  although  in  their  Judgment  and  Practice  they 
differ  in  Matters  of  War/hip  and  Difcipline,  Jhall 
not  only  have  Protection  in  the  Way  of  their  Churches 
and  Worfinp  refpeflively,  but  be  ejieemed  jit  and  ca- 
pable',  (notwithstanding  fuch  Difference,  being  other- 
wife  duly  qualified  and  duly  approved)  of  any  Trujl^ 
Promotion,  or  Employment  whatjoever  in  thefe  Na- 
tions, that  any  Miniflers  who  agree  in  Doffrine,  Wor- 
Jhip,  and  Difcipline  with  the  public  Profeffion  afore- 
faid are  capable  of,  and  all  ethers  who  agree  with  the 
public  Profeffion  in  Matters  of  Faith,  although  they 
differ  in  Matters  of  Worjhip  and  Difcipline  as 
aforefaid,  Jhall  not  only  have  Protection  as  aforefaid, 
lut  be  ejieemed  fit  and  capable  (notwithftanding  fuch 
Difference,  being  otherwife  duly  qualified)  of  any 
Civil  Truji,  Employment,  or  Promotion  in  thefe 
Nations :  But  for  fuch  Perfons  who  agree  not  in 
Matters  of  Faith  tvitb  the  public  ProfeJJion  afore- 
faid, they  Jhall  not  be  capable  of  receiving  the  public 
Maintenance  appointed  for  the  Mini/fry.  Provided, 
That  this  Clauje  Jhall  not  be  conftrued  to  extend  to 
enable  fuch  Mini/far s  or  public  Preachers,  or  Pajlors 
of  Congregations,  but  that  they  le  di fabled,  and  they 
are  hereby  difabled,  to  hold  any  Civil  Employment, 
which  thofe  in  Orders  were  or  are  difabled  to  hold, 
by  an  Aft,  intitled,  An  A61  for  difabling  all  Perfone 
in  Holy  Orders,  to  exercife  any  Temporal  Jurif- 
diition  or  Authority.  And  that  your  Highnefs  will 
give  your  Confent,  That  all  Laws,  Statutes,  Ordi- 
nances, and  Claufes  in  any  Law,  Statute,  and  Or- 
dinance, fo  far  as  they  are  contrary  to  the  aforefaid 
Liberty,  be  repealed. 

XII.  That  all  Acls  and  Ordinances  of  Parlia- 
ment made  for  the  aboli firing  of  Archbijhops  and  Bi- 
foops,  and  for  the  abolijhing  of  Deans,  Deans  and 
Chapters,  Canons,  Prebends,  and  ether  Offices  and 
Titles  of,  or  belonging  to,  any  Cathedral  or  Colle- 
giate Church  sr  Chapel  -3  and  for  the  Sale,  or  other 

Dif- 


Of    ENGLAND.      139 

Difpofetion  of  the  Lands,  iJ.etm,  and  Hereditaments  Inter-iopm  m. 
unto  any,  or  eituer  of  them,  belonging  j  or  for  the 
Sale  or  other  Dijpojition  of  the  Laqds,  Rents,  and 
Hereditaments  of  the  late  fiing,  Qnt<n,  or  Prince ; 
or  of  the  Lands  cf  Delinquents,  l'\:e-l'\irtn  or  othtr 
Rents,  For  eft- Lands,  or  any  of  them  ;  or  any  other 
Lands,  cfenemtnts,  Rents,  or  Hereditaments,  lately 
belonging  to  the  Commonwealth,  foall  no  -way  be  im- 
peached, but  that  they  do  remain  good  and  firm ;  and 
that  the  Security  given  by  Aft  and  Ordinance  of  Par- 
liament, for  uny  Sum  cr  Sums  of  Monies,  by  any  of 
the  /aid  Lunds,  the  Excije,  or  by  any  other  public 
Revenue  ;  and  alfo  the  Securities  given  by  the  Public 
Faith  of  the  Nation ,  and  the  Engagement  of  tfc 
Public  Faith  for  Satisfaction  of  Debts,  may  remain, 
firm  and  good,  and  not  be  made  void  by  any  Pretence 
whatfoever.  \  \.jh 

XI II.  That  all  and  every  P  erf  on  and  Perfons,  WHO 
have  aided,  abetted,  advifed,  or  ajfi/led  in  any  War 
againji  the  Parliament,  Jince  the  pvft  Day  of  Janu- 
ary, 1641,  (unlejs  he  or  they  have  Jince  borne  Arms 
for  the  Parliament,  or  your  Highnefs,  or  otherwife 
given  fignal  Tejttmony  of  his  or  their  good  Affeftion 
to  the  Commonwealth,  and  continued  faithful  to  the 
fame)  and  all  juch  ai  have  been  actually  engaged  in 
any  Plot,  Con/piracy,  or  Dcjign,  againjl  the  Perfon 
of  your  Highnefs,  cr  in  any  Injurrettion  or  Rebellion, 
in  England  or  Wales,  fence  the  ibtb  of  December, 
1653.  And  for  Scotland,  that  all  and  every  Per- 
fon and  Perfons,  who  have  been  in  Arms  againjl  the 
Parliament  of  England,  or  again fl  the  Parliament  in 
Scotland,  before  the  firjl  Day  of  April,  1648,  (ex- 
cept fuch  as  have  fince  borne  Arms  in  the  Service  of 
the  Parliament  of  England,  or  your  Highnefs,  or 
given  other  fignal  Tejlimony  of  their  good  Ajfeftion) 
and  every  Perfon  or  Perfons  that,  fence  the  faid  firft 
Day  of  April,  1648,  have  been  in  Arms,  or  otherwife 
aided,  abetted,  advtfed,  or  ajjifted  in  any  Jfar  againjl 
the  Parliament  of  England,  or  your  Highnefs,  (ex- 
cept juch  Perfons,  who,  having  been  in  Arms,  or  other- 
wijc  abetted,  advifed,  or  affifted  in  any  ll'ar  againjl 
the  Parliament  of  England,  or  your  Highnefs,  fence 

the 


140     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  the  fir  ft  Day  of  April,  j  648  J  and  were  not  in  Arms 
again/t  the  Parliament  of  England,  or  again/}  the 
Parliament  of  Scotland,  before  the  firjl  Day  of  April, 
1648,  and  have,  fence  the  fir  ft  Day  of  March,  1651, 
Old  Style,  lived  peaceably,  and  thereby  given  Tejlimony 
of  their  good  Affection  to  the  Parliament,  and  your 
Highnefs,  be  made  incapable,  for  ever,  of  holding 
or  enjoying  of  any  Office  or  Place  of  public  Truft  in 
tbefe  three  Nations ,  or  any  of  them. 

Provided,  That  nothing  in  this  Article  contained 
jhall  extend  to  put  any  Incapacity  in  this  Article  men- 
tioned^ upon  any  Englifli  or  Scots  Protejlants  in  Ire- 
land, who,  before  the  firft  Day  of  March,  1649, 
have  borne  Arms  for  the  Parliament  or  your  High- 
nefs, or  otherwife  given  fignal  Teftimony  of  their  good 
Affettion  to  this  Commonwealth,  and  continued  faith- 
ful to  the  fame. 

XIV.  And  that  your  Highnefs  will  be  pleafed  to 
confent,  That  nothing  in  this  Petition  and  Advice  con- 
tained^ nor  your  Higbnefs's  AJJent  thereto,  Jhall  be 
the 


tonflrued  to  extend  to  the  diffbhing  of  this  prefent 
Parliament ;  but  that  the  fame  Jhall  continue  and 
remain,  untill  fuch  Time  as  your  Highnefs  Jhall  think 
fit  to  dijfohe  the  fame. 

XV.  And  that  nothing  contained  in  this  Petition 
and  Advice,  nor  your  Highnefs' s  Confent  thereunto, 
/hall  be  conftrued  to  extend  to  the  repealing  or  making 
void  of  any  Aft  or  Ordinance  which  is  not  contrary 
hereunto,  or  to  the  Matters  herein  contained ;  but 
that  the  faid  AcJs  and  Ordinances,  not  contrary  here- 
unto, Jhall  continue  and  remain  in   Force,  in  fuch 
Manner  as  if  this  prefent  Petition  and  Advice  had 
not  at  all  been  had  or  made,  or  your  Highnefs 's  Con- 
fent thereunto  given. 

XVI.  And  that  all  Writs  ijjitcd  out  of  the  Chancery, 
and  all  Writs  and  Patents  of  the  'Juftices  of  the  one 
Bench  and  of  the  other,  Barons  of  the  Exchequer, 
Commijfions  of  Oyer  and  Terminer,  Goal- Delivery, 
and  Jujiices  of  the  Peace,  and  all  other  Commijfions, 
Patents,  and  Grants,    made   and  pajjed  under  the. 
Great  Seal  of  England,  Scotland,  or  Ireland,  Jhall 
ft  and  good  and  effectual  in  the  Laivt  Wtvritbftanding 

this 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       141 

this  Petition  and  Advice,  or  your  Higbnefs's  AJJent 
thereunto,  or  any  Law,  Statute,  or  Cujiom  to  the  con- 
trary :  And  that  all  tf^rits,  and  all  CommiJJions,  In- 
diftments,  Informations,  Procefs,  Aftions,  Suits, 
Bills  or  Plaints,  taken  out,  or  now  depending,  in  any 
Court  cf  Record  at  Weftminfter,  or  any  other  Court 
of  Record  in  England,  Scotland,  or  Ireland,  or  in  the 
fown  of  Berwick  upon  Tweed ;  and  all  Procefs, 
Pleas,  Demurrers,  Continuances,  and  Proceedings,  in 
every  Juch  Writs,  Indictments,  Informations,  Actions, 
Suits,  Bills,  and  Plaints,  Jball  be  returnable,  ftand 
good  and  effectual,  and  be  profecuted  and  fued  firth, 
in  Juch  Manner  and  Form,  and  in  the  fame  State, 
Condition,  and  Order,  the  Style  and  Tefle  of  Proceed- 
ings, after  paj/ing  of  tbefe  Prefents,  being  made  con- 
formable thereunto ;  this  prefent  Petition  and  Advice* 
or  your  Highnefs' s  AJJent  thereunto,  or  any  Law,  Cnj- 
tom,  or  Ufage  to  the  contrary  thereof  in  any  wife  not^ 
with/landing :  And  that  any  Variance  that  fiall  be 
eccajioned  by  reafon  thereof,  touching  any  of  the  faifi 
Writs,  Procefs,  or  Proceedings,  in  the  Name,  Style, 
Tejle,  or  otherwife,  Jhall  not  be  in  any  wife  material 
m  concerning  any  Default  or  Error  to  be  alledged  or 
objefted  thereunto. 

XVII.  And  that  your  Highnefs  and  your  SucceJ/ors 
will  be  plea  fed  to  take  an  Oath,  in  fuch  Form  as  Jhall 
be  agreed  ttpon  by  your  Highnefs  and  this  prefent  Par~ 
liament)  to  govern  thefe  Nations  according  to  tht 
Law. 

And  in  cafe  your  Highnefs  Jhall  not  be  fatisfed  ta 
give  your  Confent  to  all  the  Matttrs  and  Things  in 
this  Humble  Petition  and  Advice,  that  then  nothing 
in  the  fume  be  deemed  of  Force,  to  oblige  the  People  of 
thefe  Nations  in  any  the  Particulars  therein  contained. 

And  thefe  our  Dejires  being  granted  by  your  High- 
nefs, we  Jhall  hope,  through  the  rich  Mercy  and  Good- 
nefs  of  God,  that  it  will  prove  fame  Remedy  to  thofe 
Dangers,  Dijlrattions,  and  Dijlempers  which  thejr 
Nations  are  now  in,  and  he  an  effectual  Means  tt 
remove  thofe  y^aloufies  and  Fecrs  which  remain  in  the 
Minds  of  many  Men  concerning  the  Government  of 
this  Commonwealth  ;  an*  thereby  vjf  fia'.l  bs  enabled 


142     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Liter-regnmn.  and  encouraged^  iv!  tb  all  Chearfu'nefS)  to  the  fettling 
cffucb  Things  which  Jhall  be  j urtb ;•-  vecrj/xr?  for  the 
Good  cf  thefe  Nations ;  and  be  mo  ft  ready  to  join  with 
you  in  promoting  the  IVork  of  Reformation  happily  be- 
gun by  \our  Hivbnrfs,  the  regulating  Courts  of  'Ju- 
jlice^  and  abridging  both  the  Delays  and  Charges  of 
Laiv  Suits ;  a  fid  a^piy  ourfehes  to  Jttcb  other  Courfes 
and  Counfels  as  may  be  mnft  like  to  heal  our  Breaches 
and  Diviftons,  and  io  re  It  ore  theje  poor  Nations  to  a 
Union  and  Confiftenc**  with  tbemjefaes,  and  to  lay  a 
Foundation  of  a  further  Confidence  between  your 
Highnefs  and  them,  to  the  Rejoicing  of  the  Hearts  of 
our  Friends,  and  Terror  of  our  Enemies. 

This  being  done,  the  Speaker,  in  the  Name  of 
the  Parliament,  defired  his  Hig'hnefs's  Confent  to 
the  whole  ;  which  was  read,  by  the  Clerk,  in  thefe 
Words,  The  Lord  Prcteftor  doth  conj'ent. 

Alter  all  which  his  Highnefs  made  the  following 
Speech : 

Mr.  Speaker, 

His  Speech  at     «  j  Defire    tQ    offer         Word    ^   t          unto 
giving  his  Con-  {    I          ,  .    ,     ..     ..  ,      ,  TTT  f 

fent  tbcreso.          A  which  lhall  be  but  a  VV  ord. 

4  I  did  well  bethink  myfelf  before  I  came  hi  her 
'  this  Day,  that  I  car,»e  nor-as  to  a  Triumph,'-  but 

*  with  the  moil  ferious  Thoughts  that  ever  I  had 

*  in  all  my  Life,  to  undertake  oive  of  the  greater): 

*  Tafks  that  ever  was  laid  upon  the  Back  of  a  hu- 
«  man  Creature  :   And  -I  make  no  t^ue'tion  but  you 
'  will,  and  fo  will  all  Men,  readily  ?r?ree  wiih  me 
'  that,  without   the   Support  of   the    Almighty,    I 

*  fhall  neceiTarily  link  under  the  'Burden  of  it ;  not 
'  only  with  Shame   and  Reproach   to   myfelf,   but 
'  (with  that  that  is  more  a  thou'fand  Times,  and 

*  in  Comparifon   of  which,    I  and  my  Family  are, 
'•'  not  worthy  to  be  mentioned)  with  the  Lofs  and 

*  Prejudice  of  thefe  three  Nations. 

'  And,  that  being  fo,  I  muii:  a^-c  your  Help,  and 
'  the  Plelp  of  all  thofe  that  feur  God,  that,  by  their 
'  Prayers,  I  may  receive  Afliftance  from  the  Hand 
'  of  God  :  His  Prefence,  going;  along,  will  enable 

*  me 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       143 

e  me  to  the  Difchargc  of  fo  great  a  Duty  and  Truft  Intcr-regnum. 
'  as  this  is,  and  nothing  elle  can. 

'  Howbeit,  I  have  fome  other  Things  to  defirc 

*  of  you,  I  mean  of  the  Parliament,  That,  feeing 
'  this  is  but,  as  it  were,  an  Introduction  to  the  car- 

*  ryi"g  on  of  five  Government  of  thefc  Nations ;  and 
'  forafmuch  as  there  are  many  Things,  which  can- 
'  not  be  fupplLd,  for  enabling  me  to  the  carrying 
4  on  of  this  Work,  without  your  Kelp  and  Aflift- 
'  ance  ;  I  think  it  is  my  Duty  to  afk  your  Help  in 
6  them.     Not  that  I  doubted ;  for  I  believe  the 

*  fame  Spirit  that  hath  led  you  to  this,  will  eafily 
4  Jfuggeft  the  reft  to  you. 

«  The  Truth  is,  and  I  can  fay  in  the  Prefence 

*  of  God,  that  nothing  would  have  induced  me  to 
«  have   undertaken   this   unfupportable  Burden  to 

*  Flem  and  Blood,  had  it  not  been  that  I  have 

*  feen,   in   this  Parliament,  all  along,  a  Care  of 

*  doing  all  thofe  Things  that  might  truly  and  really 

*  anfwer  the  Ends,  that  we  have  been  engaged  for. 
'  You  have  fatisfied  me  of  your  Forwardnefs  and 

*  Readinefs  therein  fully  already. 

'  I  thought  it  my  Duty,  when  your  Committee, 

*  which  you  were  pleated  to  lend  to  me,  to  give  the 

*  Grounds  and  Reafons  of  your  Procecings  to  help 
4  to  inform  my  Conference  and  Judgment ;  I  wa^ 

*  then  bold  to  offer  to  them  feveral  Confidence. 

*  which  were  received  by  them,  and  have  been  pre- 
c  fented  to  you:  In  Anfwer  to  which  the  Committee 

*  did  bring  me  feveral  Refolves  of  yours,  which  I. 
6  have  by  me.     I  think  thofc  are  not  yet  made  fo 

*  authentic  and  authoritative  as  was  clefired  :  And 
'  therefore,  though  1  cannot  doubt  it,  yet  I  thougU 
'  it  my  Duty  to  a(k  it  of  you,  that  there  may  be  :. 

*  Perfeaing  of  thofe  Things. 

'  Indeed,  as  I  (aid  before,  I  have  my  Witnefs  it' 
'  the  Sight  of  God,  that  nothing  would  have  bee:. 

*  an  Argument  to  me   (howfoever  definable  great 
«  Places  feem  to.be  to  other  Men  ;  I  fay  nothin* 
'  would  have  been  an  Argument  to  me)  to  have 

*  undertaken  this  ;  but,  as  I  faid  beYore,  I  fav. 

*  Things  determined  by  you,  as  makes  <. 

''  th:- 


Jnter-regnum. 
1657. 


May. 


144     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

the  Liberties  of  the  Nations,  and  for  the  Liberty, 
and  Intereft,  and  Prefervation  of  all  fuch  as  fear 
God  ;  of  all  that  fear  God  under  various  Forms  ; 
and,  if  God  make  not  thefe  Nations  thankful  to 
you,  for  your  Care  therein,  it  will  fall  as  Fire 
on  their  Heads  :  And  therefore  I  fay  that  hath 
been  one  main  Encouragement. 
'  I  confefs  there  are  other  Things  that  tend  to 
Reformation,  to  the  Difcountenancing  of  Vice, 
to  the  Encouragement  of  good  Men  and  Virtue, 
and  the  completing  of  thofe  Things,  alfo,  concern- 
ing fome  of  which  you  have  not  yet  refolved  any 
Thing  ;  fave  to  let  me  know,  by  your  Commit- 
tee, that  you  would  not  be  wanting  in  any  Thing 
for  the  Good  of  thefe  Nations.  Nor  do  I  fpeak 
it,  as  in  the  leaft  doubting  it ;  but  I  do  earneftly 
and  heartily  defire,  to  the  end  God  may  crown 
your  Work,  and  blefs  you  and  this  Government, 
that,  in  your  own  Time,  and  with  what  Speed 
you  judge  fit,  thefe  Things  may  be  provided  for.' 


May  26.  The  Houfe,  after  hearing  the  Report  of 
this  Speech,  ordered,  That  all  the  Votes  and  Refo- 
lutions,  relative  to  their  Petition  and  Advice,  ihould 
be  referred  to  a  Committee,  to  perufe  and  metho- 
dize them  j  and  to  prepare  one  or  more  Bills  there- 
upon. 

The  next  Day  Mr.  Secretary  Thurloe  acquainted 
the  Houfe  with  the  good  Succefs  the  Lord  had  been 
pleated  to  vouchfafe  to  the  Fleet  of  this  Nation,  un- 
£dvmg ddhoyedder  the  Command  of  General  Blake,  at  the  Port  of 
t ^eSpani/b Fleet  Santa  Cruz,  on  the  iftand  viTeneriffe,  on  the  20th 
at  SJHH  Crux,   of  jfprill&&;  at  which  Time  the  (aid  Fleet  fell  in 
xvith  fix  Spanijh  Galleons,  whereof  were  the  Admi- 
ral, Vice- Admiral,  and  Rear- Admiral,  with  rheir 
Standards  and  Flag  aloft  j   and  fixteen  other  conft- 
ilerable  Ships,  fome  having  Goods  brought  from  the 
Indies  on  board  them,   others  who  had   taken   in 
Goods  and  Provifions  to  carry  back  again,   moft  of 
them  furnifhed  with  Brafs  Ordnance,  and  their  full 
Companies  of  Seamen  and  Soldiers  on  board  ;    all 
which  were  funk,  blown  up,  or  deftroyed.     The 

Par, 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       145 

Particulars  thereof  being  read  %  the  Houfe  appoint-  Inter-regmim. 
ed  the  cnfuing  IVednefday  to  be  let  apart  for  a  Day        J      * 
of  public  Thankfgiving  to  Almighty  God,  through-        T^ne> 
out  London  and  Wcftminflcr,  on  this  glorious  Oc- 
cafion.     They  alfo  voted  the  Sum  of  500 /.  to  beThc  parj;amcnt 
laid  out  in  the  Purchafe  of  a  Jewel,  to-be  prefentedvotehimajewcl 
to  the  Admiral  as  a  Mark  of  Honour,  and  a  Tefti-  of  500 /.  Value. 
mony  of  the  Lord  Protector  and  the  Parliament's  ^ 
Refentment  of  his  eminent  and  faithful  Services  for 
this  Commonwealth.      They   likewife   ordered    a 
Letter  of  Thanks  to  the  Admiral  and  Officers  of 
the  Fleet,  and  a  Prefent  of  ioo/.   to  Capt.  Story, 
who  brought  the  News  of  this  important  Action. — 
But  the  gallant  Blake  lived  not  long  enough  to  re- 
ceive thefe  Marks  of  the  Parliament's  Refpecl;  dy- 
ing on  board  his  own  Ship,  on  his  Return  to  Eng- 
land^ at  the  very  Entrance  of  the  Fleet  into  the 
Sound   of  Plymouth ;  and  leaving  behind   him  the 
Character  of  one  of  the  greateft  Admirals  this  Na- 
tion ever  bred.     His  Corpfe  was  brought  up,  by 
Land,  to  Londcn,  in  great  State;   and  Cromwell,  to 
encourage  his  Officers  to  venture  their  Lives  for 
their  Country's  Service,  cauied   it  to  be  interred 
with  all  poffible  Solemnity,  in  Henry  the  Seventh's 

Chapel,  amongft  the  Monuments  of  our  Kings. 

It  is  remarkable,  that  as  this  magnanimous  Admiral 
lived  at  a  Time  when  the  Government  was  conti- 
nually fliifting  from  Form  to  Form,  he  conftantly 
inculcated  to  the  Sailors,  That  it  was  no  Concern  of 
theirs  to  intermeddle  in  the  Difputes  at  home^  but  to 
make  it  their  fole  Bufmefs  to  Jupport  the  Honour  and 
Intereji  of  Great-Britain  again/I  Foreigners.  And 
to  the  Influence  of  this  Maxim  feems  to  be  greatly 
owing  the  amazing  SuccelTes  of  the  Eritijh  Fleet 
abroad,  while  the  Nation  was  torn  with  intefiine 
Divifions  at  home. 

But  to  return  : 

On  the  4th  of  June,  the  Committee  appointed  to 
confidcr  of  the  Refolutions  of  the  Houfe,  in  relation 
VOL.  XXI.  K 

a  The  Account  of  this  Viftory  is  amply  related  in  Utat'-' 
jwV/r,  p.  391. 


146     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter- regnum.  to  their  Petition  and  Advice,  having  made  their  Re- 
*^5>  port,  That  they  had  thought  it  beft  to  put  the  fame 

*—  ~*  J  by  way  of  additional  Articles  thereto,  they  were  read 
June'  asfollows: 

To  his  Highnefs  the  LORD  PROTECTOR  of  the 
Commonwealth  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ire- 
land^ and  the  Dominions  and  Territories  there- 
unto belonging, 

The  HUMBLE  ADDITIONAL  and  EXPLANATORY 
PETITION  and  ADVICE  of  the4CNiGHTs,  CITI- 
ZENS, and  BURGESSES  now  afTembled  in  the 
Parliament  of  this  Commonwealth. 

Their  Humble    TnrrHereas,  upon  the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice 

£xX°a"oryapde- V     °f  *he  faid  K™Sht*>   C^z™*>  ™d  Burge/es, 
tition  and  Ad-  now  ajfembhd  in  the  Parliament  of  this  Common- 
vice  to  the  Lord  wealth,  lately  prefented  and  confented  unto  by  your 
Protestor.          Highnefs,  certain  Doubts  and  ^uejlions  have  arifeny 
concerning  fame  Particulars  therein  comprized ;  for 
Explanation  thereof,  may  it  pleafe  your  Highnefs  to 
declare  and  confent  unto  the  Additions  and  Explana- 
tions hereafter  mentioned;  and  may  it  be  declared  with 
your  Highnefs' 's  Confent, 

In  the  FOURTH  ARTICLE, 
That  fuck  P  erf  on  and  Perfons  as  invaded  England, 
under  the  Duke  of  Hamilton,  in  the  Year  1648,  or 
advifed,  confented,  affifled,  or  'voluntarily  contributed 
unto  that  War,  and  were,  for  that  Caufe,  debarred 
frcm  public  Trujl  by  the  Parliament  of  Scotland,  be 
incapable  to  elett,  or  be  elected  to  fit  and  ferve  as 
Members  of  Parliament,  or  in  any  other  Place  of 
public  Truft,  relating  unto  the  Fourth  and  Thirteenth 
Articles  in  the  Petition  and  Advice  ;  excepting  fuch 
as  fence  have  borne  Arms  for  your  Highnefs  or  the 
Parliament,  or  have  been  admitted  to  fit  and  ferve  in 
the  Parliament  of  this  Commonwealth,  and  are  of  good 
Life  and  Converfation  ;  or  fuch  as  Jhall  hereafter  be 
declared  by  your  Highnefs,  with  the  Advice  of  your 
Council,  to  have  given  fame  Jignal  Tejlimony  of  their 
good  AffecHan  end  Continuance  in  the  fame. 

That 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       147 

That  the  Provifo  in  the  faid  Fourth  Article  be  ex- 
flamed  thus,  viz.  That  fuch  Englilh  and  Scots  Pro- 
teftants  who  (fence  the  Defection  of  the  Earl  of  Or- 
mond  and  the  Lord  Inchiquin,  and  before  the  frft 
Day  of  March,  1649^  have  borne  Arms  for,  and 
fver  ftnce  continued  faithful  to  the  Parliament  or  your 
Highntfs  }  or  have  otherwife,  before  the  faid  firjl 
Day  of  March,  1649,  given  fignal  Tejlimony  of  their 
good  Affettion  to  this  Commonwealth,  and  have  ever 
Jince  continued  faithful  to  the  fame,  J})all  net  ke  de- 
barred or  deemed  incapable  of  electing,  or  being  defi- 
ed to  ferve  in  Parliament. 

And  whereas,  in  the  faid  Fourth  Article,  public 
Minijlers,  or  public  Preachers  of  the  Gofpel,  are  dif- 
abled  to  be  eletted  to  ferve  in  Parliament ;  //  is  here- 
by explained  and  declared  to  extend  to  fuch  Minijlers 
and  Preachers  only  as  have  Maintenance  for  Preach- 
ing, or  are  Pajlors  or  Teachers  of  Congregations. 

In  the  faid  FOURTH  ARTICLE. 

That,  inftead  of  Commissioners  to  be  appointed,  by 
AcJ  of  Parliament,  to  examine  and  try  whether  the 
Members  to  be  elefied  for  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  in 
futur'e  Parliaments,  be  capable  to  fit  according  to  the 
Qualifications  mentioned  in  the  faid  Petition  and  Ad- 
vice, there  Jhall  be  the  Penalty  and  Fine  of  loool. 
laid  and  infli&ed  upon  every  fuch  unqualified  Member, 
being  fo  adjudged  by  the  faid  Houfe  of  Commons,  and 
Jmprifonment  of  his  Perfon  untill  Payment  thereof. 
And  that  all  the  Claufes  for  appointing  fuch  Comm'if- 
fioners  be  absolutely  void. 

In  the  FIFTH  ARTICLE. 

That  the  Ntmination  of  the  Perfons  to  fupply  the 
Place  of  fuch  Members  of  the  Other  Houfe  as  Jhall  die, 
or  be  rcmwtd,  Jhall  be  by  your  Highncfs  and  your 
SuccfJJors. 

In  the  SEVENTH  ARTICLE. 

That  the  Monies  dirccled  to  be  for  the  Suppfy  of 
the  Sea  and  Land  Forces,  be  ijjued  by  Advice  of  the 
Council ;  and  that  the  Treafurcr  or  Commijfioners  tf 
the  Treajitry  Jhall  give  an  Account  of  all  the  faid 
Money  to  every  Parliament. 

K  2  Tlat 


148     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.         That  the  Officers  of  State  and  Judges,  in  the  Ninth 

1657.        Article  of  the  faid  Petition  and  Advice  mentioned, 

C— --v— — f  jhall  be  chofen,  in  the  Intervals  of  Parliament,  by  the 

June>        Confent  of  the  Council,  to  be  afterwards  approved  by 

Parliament. 

That  your  Highnefs  will  be  pleafed,  according  to 
the  Ufage  of  former  Chief  Magiflrates  in  thefe  Na- 
tions, and  for  the  better  Satisfaction  of  the  People 
thereof,  to  take  an  Oath  in  the  Form  enfuing  : 

I  Do,  in  the  Prefence,  and  by  the  Name,  of  God 
Almighty,  promife  and  fwear,  That,  to  the  ut- 
termoft  of  my  Power,  1  will  uphold  and  maintain 
the  true  Reformed  Proteftant  Chriftian  Religion,  in 
the  Purity  thereof,  as  it  is  contained  in  the  Holy 
Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Teftament  b,  to  the 
uttermoft  of  my  Power  and  Understanding,  and  en- 
courage the  Profeffion  and  Profeflbrs  of  the  fame  : 
And  that,  to  the  uttermoft  of  my  Power,  I  will  en- 
deavour, as  Chief  Magiftrate  of  thefe  Three  Na- 
tions, the  Maintenance  and  Prefervation  of  the 
Peace  and  Safety,  and  of  the  juft  Rights  and  Privi- 
leges of  the  People  thereof:  And  (hall  in  all  Things, 
according  to  my  beft  Knowledge  and  Power,  go- 
vern the  People  of  thefe  Nations  according  to 
Law. 

That  your  Highnefs's  Succejfirs,  do,  lefore  they 
take  upon  them  the  Government  of  thefe  Nations,  take 
an  Oath  in  the  Form  aforefaid. 

That  all  fuch  Perfons  who  now  are,  or  fnall  here- 
after be,  of  the  Privy  Council  of  your  Highnefs  or  Suc- 
cejfors,  before  they,  or  either  of  them,  do  aEi  as  Coun- 
fellors,  /hall  rejpeftively  take  an  Oath,  before  Perfons 

to 

b  The  Words  in  the  Italic  Charafler  were  added  by  CromtvelCs 
own  Defire,  when  the  Committee  appointed  to  draw  up  the  Form  of 
this  Oath  waited  upon  him  with  a  Copy  thereof,  by  Order  of  the 
Houfe,  on  the  a5th  of  June.  The  fame  Day  it  was  refolved,  That 
the  faid  Oath  be  engrofled  in  a  Roll  of  Vellum  j  and  an  Entry  made 
thereupon,  of  the  Time  and  Place  of  his  Highnefs's  taking  thereof: 
And  that  the  fame  do  remain,  as  a  Record  of  Parliament,  to  be  made 
ufe  of  in  future  Times  :  And  be  alfo  recorded  in  the  four  Courts  of 
Wejlminfter,  <vt%,  the  Chancery,  Upper- Bench,  Common-Pleas,  and 
Exchequer, 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       149 

to  be  authorized  by  your  Highntjs  and  Succeffors  for  Inter-regnum. 
that  Purpojl'y  in  the  Form  following.  l6S7« 

I  A.  B.  do.  in  the  Prefence,  and  by  the  Name  of 
God  Almighty,  promife  and  fwear,  That  to  the 
uttermolt  of  my  Power,  in  my  Place,  I  will  uphold, 
and  maintain  the  true  Reformed  Proteftant  Chriftiaa 
Religion,  in  the  Purity  thereof,  as  it  is  contained  in 
the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Teftament, 
and  encourage  the  Profeffion  and  Profeflbrs  of  the 
fame  :  And  that  I  will  be  true  and  faithful  to  his 
Highnefs  the  Lord  Protector  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and  the  Domi- 
nions thereto  respectively  belonging,  as  Chief  Ma- 
giftrate  thereof :  And  (hall  not  contrive,  defign,  or 
attempt  any  Thing,  againft  the  Perfon  or  lawful 
Authority  of  his  faid  Highnefs ;  and  fhall  keep  fecrct 
all  Matters  that  fhall  be  treated  of  in  Council,  and 
put  under  Secrecy,  and  not  reveal  them  but  by 
Command  or  Confent  of  his  Highnefs,  the  Parlia- 
ment, or  the  Council ;  and  fhall  in  all  Things  faith- 
fully perform  the  Truft  committed  to  me  as  a  Coun- 
fellor,  according  to  the  beft  of  my  Underftanding, 
in  order  to  the  good  Government,  Peace,  and  Wel- 
fare, of  thefe  Nations. 

That  the  fame  Oath  be  taken  by  the  Members  of 
your  Highnefs' s  Council  of  Scotland  and  Ireland. 

That  every  Per/on  who  now  is,  or  hereafter  jhall 
be,  a  Member  of  either  Houfe  of  Parliament,  before 
he  fit  in  Parliament,  jhall,  from  and  after  the  firjl 
Day  of  July,  1657,  take  an  Oath  before  Perfons  to 
be  authorized  and  appointed  by  your  Highnefs  and  Sue- 
cejfors  for  that  Purpofe,  in  the  Form  following. 

I  A.  B.  do  in  the  Prefence,  and  by  the  Name  of 
God  Almighty,  promife  and  fwear,  That  to  the 
uttermoft  of  my  Power  in  my  Place,  I  will  uphold 
and  maintain  the  true  Reformed  Proteftant  Chriftian 
Religion,  in  the  Purity  thereof,  as  it  is  contained  in 
the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  New  Teftament, 
and  encourage  the  Profeffion  and  Profeflbrs  of  the 
K  3  fame: 


150     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

fame  .  And  that  j  wj}[  be  true  and  faithful  to  the 
Lord  Protestor  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England, 
Scotland^  and  Ireland,  and  the  Dominions  and  Ter- 
ritories thereunto  belonging,  as  Chief  Magiftrate 
thereof;  and  (hall  not  contrive,  defign,  or  attempt 
any  Thing,  againft  the  Perfon  or  lawful  Authority 
of  the  Lord  Protector,  and  (hall  endeavour  as  much 
as  in  me  lies,  as  a  Member  of  Parliament,  the  Pre- 
fervation  of  the  Rights  and  Liberties  of  the  People . 

That  your  Highnefs  would  be  pleafed,  in  convenient 
Time,  before  the  next  Meeting  of  this  Parliament ,  /» 
caufe  federal  Summons,  in  due  Form  of  Law,  to  be 
ijjued  forth  to  fucb  Perfons  as  your  Highnefs  jhall 
think  fit)  (being  qualified  according  to  the  humble  Pe- 
tition and  Advice  of  the  Parliament^  whereto  your 
Highnefs  hath  consented)  to  fit  and  ferve  as  Members 
in  the  Other  Houfe  of  Parliament;  by  which  ^umnwns 
the  f aid  Perfons  (hail  be  refpeRively  commanded  to  be, 
and  perfonally  to  appear,  at  a  certain  Place  and  Time, 
to  be  appointed  by  your  Highnefs,  to  give  their  Advice 
and  AJfiftance,  and  to  do  fuch  Things  concerning  the 
great  and  weighty  'Affairs  of  this  Commonwealth,  as 
to  the  Other  Houfe  of  Parliament  doth  appertain,  by 
the  faid  humble  Petition  and  Advice. 

That  the  Perfons  jo  fummoned  and  ajfembled  toge- 
ther, Jhall  be,  and  are  hereby  declared  to  be,  the  Other 
Houfe  of  Parliament ;  and  fiall  and  may,  without 
further  Approbation  of  this  Houfe,  from  fucb  Time 
of  their  Meeting,  proceed  to  do  and  perform  all  fuch 
Matters  and  Things,  as  the  Other  Houfe  of  Parlia- 
ment  ought  to  do  and  perform  ;  and  Jhall  and  may, 
have  and  exercife,  all  fuch  Privileges,  Powers  and 
Authorities,  as  the  Other  Houfe  of  Parliament  ot{ght, 
by  the  afore  faid  humble  Petition  and  Advice,  to  have 
and  exercife;  the  faid humble  Petition  and  Advice ',  or 
any  Ttring  therein  contained,  to  the  contrary  thereof 
notwithstanding. 

The  Rifing  of  the  Parliament  being  now  near  at 
Hand,  and  many  Bills  got  ready  for  the  Lord  Pro- 
tedor's  Affent,  the  gth  of  this  Month  was  appointed 

for 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      151 

for  that  Purpofe.    About  Eleven  o'Clock  that  Day,  Inter-regnum. 
the  Houfe  received  a  Meflage  from  his  Highnefs,  .     _L^^j 
fignifying  that  he  was  then  in  the  Painted  Chamber,        junc> 
and  dcfired  to  fpeak  with  them  there.     Accordingly 
the  Speaker,  attended  by  the  whole  Houfe,  went  up 
thither;  and  after  a  pithy  and  fhort  Speech,  (as  the 
^Journals  exprefs  it)   touching  the  deliberate  and 
grave  Proceedings  of  this  Parliament,  did,  in  their 
Name,  prefent  his  Highnefs  with  three  Bills  for  an 
Aficflment  towards   defraying  the  Charges   of  the 
Spanijh  WW,  and  other  Occafions  of  the  Common- 
wealth*1; together  with  divers  other  Bills," fome  of  a 
public,  and  others  of  a  private,  Concernment;  be- 
ing but,  as  he  ftyled  them,  Grapes  preceding  the 
full  Vintage. 

In  the  Afternoon,  the  Houfe  being  met  again, 
the  Speaker  reported  the  Lord  Protestor's  Speech, 
made  that  Morning,  upon  prefenting  the  Bills, 
which  was  to  this  Effect : 

Mr.  Speaker, 

/Perceive  that,  among  thefe  many  Acls  of  Portia-  His  Speech  at 
went,  there  hath  been  a  very  great  Care  had  by  g^"8  Money 
the  Parliament  to  provide  for  the  jujl  and  neceffary 
Support  of  the  Commonwealth,  by  thofe  Bills  for  the 
levying  of  Money,  now  brought  to  me,  which  I  have 
given  my  Consent  unto. 

Under  (landing  it  hath  been  the  Praftice  of  thofe 
who  have  been  Chief  Governors,  to  acknowledge,  with 
'Ihanks  to  the  Commons,  their  Care  and  Regard  of 
the  Public,  I  do  very  heartily  and  thankfully  acknow- 
ledge their  Kindnefs  herein. 

The  Houfe  was  ftill  bufied,  in  feveral  Commit- 
tees, about  framing  divers  Bills,  both  public  and 
private ;  and  fo  continued  every  Day,  Morning 
and  Afternoon,  without  any  thing  intervening 

worth 

h  The  Bills  here  referred  to,  were,  for  laying  an  Afleflment  of 
35,000 /.  per  Menfem  upon  England,  6000 /.  upon  Scotland,  and 
9000 /.  upon  Ireland,  for  three  Years,  from  the  24th  of  June,  1657, 
which  is  modeftly  ftylcd  a  Temporary  Supply  towards  the  Mainte- 
nance of  the  Armies  and  Navie*  of  this  Commonwealth, 


152     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter-regnum.  worth  Notice,  till  the  25th  of  this  Month :  At 
l657'  which  Time,  having  refolved  upon  a  folernn  In- 

lk"""?v '  veftiture  of  their  Lord  Protector  into  his  Office, 
they  gave  Orders  for  a  Robe  of  Purple  Velvet  lined 
with  Ermine,  a  Bible,  a  Scepter  of  maily  Gold, 
and  a  Sword  of  State,  to  be  provided  for  his  High- 
nefs's  Inveftitare. 

The  next  Day,  June  26,  Sir  Oliver  Flemyng^ 
Mafter  of  the  Ceremonies,  was  ordered  to  wait  up- 
on the  feveral  foreign  Ambafladors  and  public  Mi- 
nifters  of  State,  and  invite  them  to  be  prefent  at 
the  Ceremonial,  which  was  performed  with  great 
State  and  Magnificence. 

There  is  but  a  very  lame  Account  of  this  new  Piece 
of  State  Pageantry  in  the  Journals^  or  Contemporary 
Writers:  We  therefore  think  proper,  fince  this 
Affair  was  tranfadled  in  Parliament,  the  Speaker 
and  the  whole  Houfe  attending,  to  exhibit  the  Nar- 
rative thereof  at  large,  as  publifhed  by  the  Protec- 
tor's Authority. 

An  exaff  RELATION  of  the  Manner  of  the  folemn 
INVESTITURE,  or  happy  INAUGURATION,  of  bis 
Higbnefs  the  LORD  PROTECTOR  at  Weftmin- 
fter.  d 

The  Manner  of  c  TfRiday  the  26th  of  June^  being  agreed  upon  for 
fo'SS'^rd11*  the  lnveftiture  of  his  Highnefs  the  Lord  Pro- 
Proteftor  by  thete&or»  an^  a  large  Place  being  raifed  and  prepared  at 
Parliament.  the  upper  End  of  WeJlminJler-Hall  for  that  Purpofe, 

there 

d  The  Frontifpiece,  engraved  by  Hollar,  is  a  Reprefentation  of  the 
Manner  of  the  Speaker's  prefenting  a  Sceptre  and  Bible  to  Cromivell\ 
the  Sword  of  State.,  and  the  Purple  Robe,  lying  upon  a  Table  before 
him. 

Lord  Clarendon  (Vol.  VI.  p.  597)  reprefents  the  Solemnity  of 
Cromiueir^  Inauguration  as  the  EfTedl  of  his  own  pcrfonal  Contri- 
vance and  Management ;  adding,  That  the  Parliament  had  not  only 
not  provided  for  the  Formality  thereof,  but  that  they  had  not  indeed 
confidered  of  it;  thinking  enough  had  been  done  already  for  him. 
This  appears,  by  the  Journals,  to  be  a  great  Miftake  ;  for  the  Par- 
liament actually  appointed  a  Committee  on  purpofe  to  provide  for  and 
rnarfhal  the  Ceremonial  of  the  Inauguration.  The  Contemporary 
,  Hiftorjans  have  fallen  into  many  Errors,  which  have  been  implicitly 

followed  by  later  Writers,  for  want  of  confulting  thofe  Fountains  of 
Authority,  the  Journal*  of  Parliament. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       153 

there  was   in  the  Midft  thereof,  under  the  great  Inter-regnunn. 

Window,  a  rich  Cloth  of  State  fct  up,  and  under 

it  a  Chair  of  State  placed  upon  an  Afcent  of  two 

Degrees,  covered  with  Carpets ;    and  before  it  a 

Table,  with  a  Chair  appointed  for  Sir  Thomas  Wid- 

drington,  the  Speaker  of  the  Parliament;  and   on 

each  Side  of  the  Hall,  upon  the  faid  Structure,  were 

Seats  raifed  one  above  another,  and  decently  cover'd 

for  the  Members  of  Parliament ;  and  below  them 

Seats  on  one  Side,  for  the  Lords  the  Judges  of  the 

Land,  and  on  the  other  Side,  for  the  Aldermen  of 

the  City  of  London. 

1  About  Two  of  the  Clock  in  the  Afternoon  his 
Highnefs  came  from  Whitehall  by  Water,  and  land- 
ing at  the  Parliament  Stairs,  went  up  into  the 
Chamber  called  the  Lords  Houfe ;  where  having 
retired  himfelf  a- while,  Mr.  Speaker  and  the  Mem- 
bers of  Parliament  being  come  to  the  Painted- 
Chamber,  his  Highnefs  attended  by  his  Council,  the 
Officers  of  State,  and  the  Judges,  met  them;  and 
gave  his  Confent  to  the  Additional  and  Explanatory 
Petition  and  Advice  of  the  Parliament,  to  a  Bill  for 
an  Adjournment  thereof  to  the  20th  of  January  next, 
and  to  all  fuch  other  Bills  as  were  then  prefented 
to  him. 

'  From  thence  the  Speaker,  with  the  Members 
of  Parliament,  departed  to  the  great  Hall  at  IVeft- 
rmnfter,  where  they  feated  themlelves  in  the  Places 
provided  for  them. 

'  His  Highnefs,  after  a  (hort  Retirement  in  a 
Room  near  the  Painted-Chamber,  returned  into  the 
Houfe  of  Lords ;  the  Lords  Commiflioners  of  the 
Great  Seal,  the  two  Lords  Chief  Juftices,  the  Ma- 
fter  of  the  Rolls,  and  the  Judges,  in  the  Interim, 
placing  themfelvcs  on  one  Side  of  .the  faid  Houfe  ; 
and  the  Lord  Mayor,  Recorder,  and  Aldermen  of 
the  City  of  London,  on  the  other.  F'rom  the  faid 
Houfe  his  Highnefs  parted  towards  the  Hall  in  the 
Manner  following : 

4  In,  the  firft  Place  went  his  Highnefs's  Gentle- 
man and  other  Perfons  of  Quality ;  next,  an  Officer 

of 


154     3^  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter- regnum.  of  Arms  going  before  the  Recorder  and  Aldermen 
of  London  in  their  Scarlets ;  next,  another  Officer 
of  Arms  went  before  Mr.  Attorney-General  and 
the  Lords  the  Judges  in  their  Robes  and  Order ; 
next  them,  Norroy^  King  of  Arms ;  then  four  Ser- 
jeants at  Arms,  with  their  Maces,  going  before  the 
.Lords  Commiffioners  of  the  Treaiury  and  of  the- 
Great  Seal,  (the  Lord-Commiflioner  Flennes  bear- 
ing the  Seal)  and  the  Lord-Prefident  of  his  High- 
nels's  Council ;  then  came  Garter,  principal  King 
of  Arms,  before  the  Earl  of  Warwick^  who  bore 
the  Sword  before  his  Highnefs  j  on  whofe  Left 
Hand  went  the  Lord  Mayor  of  London^  by  his 
Highnefs's  fpecial  Favour,  bearing  the  City  Sword  ; 
after  whom  came  his  Highnefs,  being  attended  by 
his  Council,  the  Principal  Secretary  of  State,  and 
divers  of  the  Nobility  and  other  Perfons  of  great 
Quality. 

'  His  Highnefs  being  entered  on  the  Place,  and 
Handing  under  the  Cloth  of  State,  Mr.  Speaker  did, 
in  the  Name  of  the  Parliament,  prefent  feveral 
Things,  ready  laid  upon  the  Table,  to  his  High- 
nefs, viz.  A  Robe  of  Purple  Velvet,  lined  with 
Ermine,  being  the  Habit  antiently  ufed  at  the  fo- 
lemn  Inveftiture  of  Princes ;  next,  a  large  Bible, 
richly  gilt  and  bofs'd  ;  next,  a  Sword;  and,  laftly, 
a  Sceptre,  being  of  mafly  Gold  ;  which  being  fo 
prefented,  Mr.  Speaker  came  from  his  Chair,  took 
the  Robe,  and  therewith  vefted  his  Highnefs,  being 
aflifted  therein  by  the  Earl  of  Warwick^  the  Lord 
Wbitlocke,  and  others :  Which  being  done,  the 
Bible  was  delivered  unto  his  Highnefs  j  after  that, 
Mr.  Speaker  girt  about  him  the  Sword  j  and,  lartly, 
delivered  his  Highnefs  the  Sceptre. 

Thefe  Things  being  performed,  Mr.  Speaker  re- 
turned unto  his  Chair,  and  adminiftered  to  the 
Lord  Protector  the  Oath,  prepared  by  the  Parlia- 
ment, for  that  Purpofe  f ;  which  he  having  taken, 
the  Speaker  addrefied  himfelf  to  his  Highnefs  in  the 
following  Speech  : 

May 

f  Here  follows  the  Form  of  the  Oath,  aheady  given  at  p,  148. 


Of    ENGLAND.       155 

May  It  pleafe  your  Higbnefs, 
*  TT'OU  are  now  upon  a  great  Theatre,  in  a  Inter -regmm. 

j[  large  Chore  of  People.  You  have  the  Par- 
liament  or  England,  Scotland^  and  Ireland  before 
you  j  on  your  Right  Hand  my  Lords  the  Judges ; 
and  on  your  Left  Hand  the  Lord  Mayor,  Alder- 
men, and  Sheriffs  of  London,  the  moft  noble  and 
populous  City  of  England.  The  Parliament,  with 
the  Interpofition  of  your  Suffrage,  makes  Laws  ; 
and  the  Judges  and  Governors  of  London  are  the 
great  Difpenfers  of  thofe  Laws  to  the  People. 

«  The  Occafion  of  this  great  Convention  and  In- 
tercourfe,  is  to  give  an  Inveftiture  to  your  High- 
nefs  in  that  eminent  Place  of  Lord  Prote&or :  A 
Name  you  had  before;  but  it  is  now  fettled  by  the 
full  and  unanimous  Confent  of  the  People  of  thefe 
Three  Nations  aflembled  in  Parliament.  You  have 
no  new  Name,  but  a  new  Date  added  to  the  old 
Name  ;  the  1 6th  of  December  is  now  changed  to 
the  z6th  Qtjunt. 

*  I  am  commanded,  by  the  Parliament,  to  make 
Oblation  to  your  Highncfs  of  four  Things,  in  order 
to  this  Inauguration. 

4  The  firft  is  a  Robe  of  Purple;  an  Emblem  of 
Magistracy,  and  imports  Righteoufnefs  and  Juftice: 
When  you  have  put  on  this  Veftment,  I  may  fay 
(and  I  hope  without  Offence)  that  you  are  a  Gown- 
Man.  This  Robe  is  of  a  mix'd  Colour,  to  ihew 
the  Mixture  of  Juftice  and  Mercy,  which  are  then 
moft  excellent  when  they  are  well  tempered  toge- 
ther. Juftice  without  Mercy  is  Wormwood  and 
Bitternefs  ;  and  Mercy  without  Juftice  is  of  too  foft 
a  Temper  for  Government :  For  a  Magiftrate  muft 
have  two  Hands,  pleftentem  et  ampUttentem. 

'  The  next  Thing  is  a  Bible  ;  a  Book  that  con- 
tains the  Holy  Scriptures,  in  which  you  have  the 
Honour  and  Happinefs  to  be  well  verfed.  This  is 
the  Book  of  Life,  confifting  of  two  Teftaments, 
the  Old  and  New.  In  the  firft  we  have  ChrijTum 
velatum,  Chi  ift  in  Types,  Shadows,  and  Figures; 
in  the  latter  we  have  Ckrijlum  rtvelatum,  Chrift  re- 
vealed. 


156     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  vealed.  This  Book  carries  in  it  the  Grounds  of  the 
1657-  true  Chriftian  Proteftant  Religion  ;  it  is  a  Book  of 
Books ;  it  contains  in  it  both  Precepts  and  Examples 
for  good  Government. 

4  Alexander  fo  highly  valued  the  Books  of  his  Ma- 
fter  Ariftoth,  and  other  great  Princes  other  Books, 
that  they  have  laid  them  every  Night  under  their 
Pillows.  Thefe  are  all  but  Legends  and  Romances 
to  this  one  Book  ;  a  Book  to  be  had  always  in  Re- 
membrance ;  I  find  it  is  faid  in  a  Part  of  this  Book, 
which  I  (hall  defire  to  read,  and  it  is  this  : 

Deut.  xvii.  And  it  /hall  be  when  he  fittetb  upon 
the  Throne  of  his  Kingdom,  that  he  Jhall  write  a 
Copy  of  this  Law  in  a  Book,  out  of  that  which  is  be- 
fore the  Pr ufis  and  Levites.  And  it  Jhall  be  with 
kirn,  and  he  Jhall  read  therein  all  the  Days  of  bis 
Life,  that  he  may  learn  to  fear  the  Lord  God,  and 
to  keep  all  the  Words  of  his  Law,  and  thofe  Statutes, 
to  do  them. 

That  his  Heart  be  not  lifted  up  above  his  Brethren ; 
and  that  he  turn  not  afide  from  the  Commandment, 
to  the  Right  Hand  or  to  the  Left,  to  the  end  he  may 
prolong  his  Days  in  his  Kingdom,  he  and  his  Children 
in  the  midjl  0/Ifrael. 

'  The  next  Thing  that  I  am  to  offer  to  your 
Highnefs  is  a  Sceptre,  not  unlike  a  Staff;  for  you 
are  to  be  a  Staff  to  the  Weak  and  Poor.  'Tis  of 
antient  Ufe  in  this  Kind  ;  'tis  faid  in  Scripture,  in 
reference  to  Judah,  the  Royal  Tribe,  That  the 
Sceptre  Jhall  not  depart  from  Judah.  It  was  of  like 
Ufe  in  other  Kingdoms  and  Governments  :  Homer, 
the  Prince  of  the  Greek  Poets,  calls  Kings  and 
Princes  Sceptre-Bearers. 

'  The  laft  Thing  is  a  Sword,  not  a  Military,  but 
a  Civil  Sword ;  a  Sword  rather  for  Defence  than 
Offence  ;  not  to  defend  yourfelf  only,  but  others 
alfo.  This  Sword  is  an  Emblem  of  Juftice.  The 
Noble  Lord  Talbot,  in  Henry  the  Sixth's  Time, 
wrote  upon  his  Sword,  Ego  fum  Talboti  propter 
occidendum  Inimicos  meos ;  this  gallant  Lord  was  a 
better  Soldier  than  a  Critic.  If  I  might  prefume  to 

fix 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       157 

fix  a  Motto  upon  this  Sword,  it  fliould  be  this,  inter-regnum. 
Ego  fum  Domini  Proteftoris,  ad  protegendum  Po- 
fulutn  meum. 

*  I  fay,  this  Sword  is  an  Emblem  of  Juftice,  and 
is  to  be  ufed  as  King  Solomon  ufed  his,  for  the  Dif- 
covery  of  the  Truth  in  Points  of  Juftice.  I  may 
fay  of  this  Sword  as  King  David  faid  of  Goliab's 
Sword,  There  is  none  like  this.  Juftice  is  the  proper 
Virtue  of  the  Imperial  Throne,  and  by  Juftice  the 
Thrones  of  Kings  and  Princes  are  eftabliihed. 
Juftice  is  a  Royal  Virtue ;  which,  as  one  faith  of  it, 
doth  employ  the  other  three  cardinal  Virtues  in  her 
Service. 

1.  '  Wifdom,  to  difcern  the  Nocent  from  the  In- 
nocent. 

2.  i  Fortitude,  to  profecute  and  execute. 

3.  «  Temperance,  fo  to  carry  Juftice  that  Paf- 
fion  be  no  Ingredient,  and  that  it  be  without  Coa- 
fufion  or  Precipitation. 

'  You  have  given  ample  Teftimony  in  all  thefe 
Particulars  ;  fo  that  this  Sword,  in  your  Hand,  will 
be  a  right  Sword  of  Juftice,  attended  with  Wifdom, 
Fortitude,  and  Temperance. 

'  When  you  have  all  thefe  together,  what  a 
comely  and  glorious  Sight  it  is  to  behold  a  Lord 
Protestor  in  a  Purple  Robe,  with  a  Scepter  in  his 
Hand,  a  Sword  of  Juftice  girt  about  him,  and  his 
Eyes  fixed  upon  the  Bible !  Long  may  you  profper- 
oufly  enjoy  them  all,  to  your  own  Comfort,  and 
the  Comfort  of  the  People  of  thefe  Three  Nations.' 

'  His  Highnefs  ftanding  thus  adorned  in  Princely 
State,  according  to  his  Merit  and  Dignity,  looking 
up  unto  the  Throne  of  the  Moft  High,  who  is 
Prince  of  Princes,  and  in  whom  is  all  his  Confi- 
dence, Mr.  Manton^  by  Prayer,  recommended  his 
Highnefs,  the  Parliament,  the  Council,  his  High- 
nefs's  Forces  by  Sea  and  Land,  the  whole  Govern- 
ment, <uid  People  of  thefe  Three  Nations,  to  the 
Blefling  and  Protection  of  God  Almighty. 

'  After  this  the  People  giving  feveral  great  Shouts, 
and  the  Trumpets  founding,  his  Highnefs  fat  down 

in 


The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  in  the  Chair  of  State,  holding  the  Scepter  in  his 
Hand. 

'  At  the  Right  Elbow,  by  his  Highnefs's  Chair, 
fat  his  Excellency  the  Lord  AmbafTador  Extraordi- 
nary of  France  i  ;  at  the  Left,  his  Excellency  the 
Lord  Ambaflador  Extraordinary  of  the  States  Ge- 
neral of  the  United  Provinces  k  :  On  the  Right  Side 
of  the  Chair  flood  the  Earl  of  Warwick,  bearing  the 
Sword  ;  and  on  the  Left  Side  the  Lord  Mayor  of 
London^  with  the  City  Sword:  Near  to  his  High- 
nefs  flood  the  moft  Noble  Lord,  the  Lord  Richard 
Cromwell;  his  Excellency  the  Lord  Fleetwood,  Lord- 
Deputy  of  Ireland;  the  Rt.  Hon.  the  Lord  Cleypole* 
Mafter  of  the  Horfe;  his  Highnefs's  Council,  and 
all  the  Officers  of  State  attending.  There  flood 
alfo  upon  the  lower  Defcent,  near  the  Earl  of  War- 
wick ^  the  Lord  Vifcount  Lijle  and  General  Mon- 
tagu; and  on  the  other  Side  the  Lord  Whitlocke^ 
each  of  them  bearing  a  drawn  Sword. 

'  While  his  Highnefs  thus  fate,  a  Herald  flood 
up  aloft,  giving  Signal  to  a  Trumpet  to  found  three 
Times  ;  after  which  he  did,  by  Authority  and  Di- 
rection of  Parliament,  there  publilh  and  proclaim 
his  Highnefs  Lord  Protector  of  the  Commonwealth 
of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and  the  Domi- 
nion* thereunto  belonging,  requiring  all  Perfons  to 
yield  him  due  Obedience. 

'  Hereupon  the  Trumpets  founded,  and  the 
People  made  feveral  great  Acclamations  with  loud 
Shouts,  God fave  the  Lord  Proteflor.  Then  an  Of- 
ficer of  Arms,  ftanding  upon  the  Top  of  the  Stairs, 
made  Proclamation  again  after  the  fame  Manner  j 
which  was  followed  with  Shouts  and  loud  Acclama- 
tions as  before. 

«  After  a  little  Paufe,  the  whole  Ceremony  be- 
ing ended,  his  Highnefs  faluting  the  Ambaffadors 
and  public  Minifters,  r  proceeded  thence  in  his 
Princely  Habit,  the  Train  whereof  was  borne  up  by 

feveral 

i  M.  De  Bordeaux.  "  fc  M.  De  Nieuport.  Though  the  Parliament 
had  invited  all  the  foreign  Minifters,  yet  only  thefe  two  attended  at 
the  Ceremonial.  It  appears,  from  Thurlees  Stan  ftftrs,  tk»t  their 
Prefencc  was  highly  acceptable  to  Cnmwell. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       159 

leveral  Noble  Pcrfons  ;  among  whom  was  the  Earl  inter-regnum. 
of  Warwick's  Grandfon0,  the  Lord  Sherrard,  and        1657. 

the  eldeft  Son  of  the  Lord  Roberts  of  Truro.     The  ^""  "«     J 

Aldermen,  Recorder,  the  Judges,  with  the  Officers 
of  State,  and  the  reft,  proceeded  in  the  fame  Order 
as  they  came  from  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  and  parted 
through  the  Hall  to  the  great  Gate  leading  into  the 
New  Palace-Yard^  where  his  Highnefs  entered  into 
his  Coach  of  State,  being  in  his  Kobes.  The  Earl 
of  Warwick  fat  in  the  other  End  of  the  Coach,  and 
the  Lord  Richard  Cromwell  and  the  Lord  IWritlockf 
&n  one  Side,  the  Lord  IVhitlocke  having  one  of  the 
drawn  Swords  in  his  Hand.  On  the  other  Side  fat 
the  Lord  Vifcount  Lijle  and  General  Montague, 
bearing  the  other  two  drawn  Swords  in  their  Hands. 
The  Lord  Cleypole,  Matter  of  the  Horfe,  led  the 
Horfe  of  Honour  in  rich  Caparifons  ;  the  Coach  was 
attended  by  his  Highnefs's  Life-Guards,  and  other 
Guards,  with  the  Officers  of  Arms  on  Horfeback  ; 
the  Officers  of  State,  Judges,  Lord  Mayor,  and 
Aldermen,  all  waiting  on  his  Highnefs  in  their 
Coaches  to  Whitehall ;  the  whole  being  managed 
with  State  and  Magnificence,  fuitable  to  fo  high 
and  happy  a  Solemnity.' 

The  Ceremonial  being  over,  the  Members  re- 
turned to  their  Houfe,  and  made  an  Order  for  re- 
commending it  to  the  Lord  Protector,  as  the  Defire 
of  Parliament,  that  his  Highnefs  would  be  pleafed 
to  encourage  all  Chriftian  Endeavours  for  uniting 
the  Proteftant  Churches  abroad  j  alfo  to  take  fome 
effectual  Courfe,  upon  Advice  with  the  Judges,  for 
reforming  the  Government  of  the  Inns  of  Court, 
providing  a  fufficient  Maintenance  for  the  Encou- 
ragement of  godly  and  able  Minifters  there,  and 
for  reviving  the  Readings,  and  keeping  up  Exercife, 
by  the  Students  in  thofe  Seminaries  of  the  Law. 
They  alfo  made  an  Order  for  printing  all  the  public 
Acls  and  Ordinances  then  in  Force,  from  the  3d  of 
November,  1640,  under  the  Care  of  Mr.  Scobell, 

their 
Hon.  Rttert  Rich,  who  afterwards  married  Cromwell's  Daughter 


1  6  o     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-  regnum.  their  Clerk  ;  and  then,  purfuant  to  an  AcT:  figncd 
'by  the  Protector  that  Morning,  adjourned  to  the 
~        2Oth  of  January  enfuing. 


The  Seafon  of  the  Year  now  demanded  a  Recefs  ; 
and  there  being  a  gi;eat  Number  of  ufeful  Bills  de- 
pending at  this  Time,  which  would  have  been  loft 
by  a  Prorogation,  the  Houfe  took  this  Method  to 
continue  them  over  to  their  next  Meeting. 

The  moft  remarkable  Acts  to  which  the  Protec- 
tor gave  his  Confent,  befides  thofe  already  men- 
tioned in  the  Courfe  of  the  Proceedings  of  this  Par- 
liament, were  thefe  : 

The  Parliament  For  punijhing  of  wandering,  idle^  and  diflblute 
adjourned.  Perfons  :  By  this  Act,  all  fuch  as  were  found  wan- 
dering from  their  ufual  Place  of  Abode,  without 
fuch  fufficient  Caufe  as  the  Juftice  of  Peace  before 
whom  they  were  brought  (hould  approve,  although 
not  taken  in  the  Aft  of  Begging,  were  declared  to 
be  Rogues  and  Vagabonds  within  the  Statute  of 
39.  Elizabeth^  Cap.  4.  and  to  be  profecuted  as  fuch. 
This  Acl  was  alfo  to  extend  to  all  Fidlers  and  Min- 
ftrels,  playing  in  any  Inn,  Alehoufe,  or  Tavern,  or 
offering  themfelves  to  play  in  any  fuch  Places. 

Another,  For  punijhing  fuch  Perfons  as  lived  at 
high  Rates,  having  no  vifible  E/latey  Profejjion,  or 
Calling  anfwerable  thereto  :  The  Preamble  to  this 
A61  fets  forth,  That  feveral  idle  and  diflblute  Per- 
forjs  maintained  themfelves  by  cheating,  debauch- 
ing, and  deceiving  the  young  Gentry  and  others  of 
the  Commonwealth;  and  then  impowers  Juftices  of 
Peace  to  fend  for  the  Offenders,  and  require  Sure- 
ties for  their  Appearance  at  the  next  Quarter  Sef- 
fion,  to  be  there  indicted  for  living  at  a  high  Rate, 
without  any  vifible  Eftate  or  Calling  anfwerable 
thereto  ;  and,  if  convicled,  to  be  fent  to  the  Houfe 
of  Correction  for  three  Months.  Perfons  winning 
Money  at  Cards,  Dice,  Tennis,  Cock-fighting, 
Horfe-racing,  or  any  other  Game,  were  to  forfeit 
double  the  Value'of  Money  or  Goods  fo  won;  and 
all  Securities  whatfoever,  given  for  Money  loft  at 
Play,  to  be  abfolutely  void. 

An 


Of    ENGLAND.        161 

An  Act  For  fettling  the  Poftage  of  England,  Scot-  Intcr-regnum. 
land,  and  Ireland.      It  is  well  worth  obferving,        l657- 
That,  upon  the  third  Reading  of  this  Bill,  a  Pro-  t""""'" 
vifo  being  offered  for  freeing  Members  of  Parlia- 
mcnt,  and  other  Officers  of  State,  from  Payment 
of  any  Money  for  Letters ;  the  fame,  as  the  Jour- 
nals inform  us,  was  rejected  without  a  Queftion  ! 

There  were  alfo  Acls  palled  for  taking  away  of 
Purveyance  and  Compofition  for  Purveyance:  For 
limiting  and  fettling  the  Prices  of  Wines:  For  con- 
tinuing and  eftablifhing  the  Subfidy  of  Tonnage  and 
Poundage :  For  better  Obfervation  of  the  Lord's 
Day :  For  convicting,  difcovering,  and  repreffing 
Popifh  Recufants :  For  indemnifying  fuch  Perfons 
who  had  acted  for  the  Service  of  the  Public :  For 
improving  and  advancing  the  Revenues  of  the  Excife 
and  Cuftoms  :  For  giving  Licence  to  export  Fifh 
in  foreign  Bottoms :  And  for  preventing  the  Mul- 
tiplicity of  Buildings  in  and  about  the  Suburbs  of 
London,  and  within  ten  Miles  thereof. 

The  lafl  Act  we  (hall  here  mention,  was,  For 
confirming  certain  A 51 3  and  Ordinances,  as  alfo  Or- 
ders of  the  Lord  Protestor  and  his  Council,  and  for 
repealing  of  others  which  had  been  made  between  the 
2?tb  <7/"April,  1653,  and  the  Meeting  of  this  Parlia- 
ment the  I  jth  of  September,  1656.  The  Preamble 
to  this  Act  is  very  remarkable,  and  runs  thus  :— 
'  Whereas,  fmce  the  20th  of  April,  1653,  in  tne 
great  Exigencies  and  Neceffities  of  thefe  Nations, 
divers  Acts  and  Ordinances  have  been  made,  with- 
out the  Confent  of  the  People  aftembled  in  Parlia- 
ment, which  is  not  according  to  the  Fundamental 
Laws  of  thefe  Nations  and  the  Rights  of  the 
People,  and  is  not  for  the  future  to  be  drawn  into 
Example,  yet  the  Actings  thereupon  tended  to  the 
Settlement  of  the  Eftatcs  of  feveral  Perfons  and  Fa- 
milies, and  the  Peace  and  Quiet  of  the  Nations,  &c.' 
And  then  the  Act  recites  the  Titles  of  all  fuch  Or- 
dinances and  Ordeis  of  Cromwell  as  were  to  be 
decm'd  valid  for  the  future,  and  declares  all  others 
to  be  abfolutely  void, 

VOL.  XXI.  L  «  The 


1 62     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY  , 

inter-regnum.  The  Perufal  of  this  long  Catalogue  of  public-fpj- 
rited  Acts,  is  a  fufficient  Evidence  that  many  of  the 
Members  had  employed  their  Time  in  Projects 
much  better  calculated  to  advance  the  Honor  and 
Intereft  of  the  Nation,  than  the  Eftabliminent  of 
Cromwell^  Protectorate. 

Remarkable  E-       Before  we  refume  the  Proceedings  of  this  Parlia- 
vents  during     ment,  it  will  be  proper  to' take  Notice  of  the  moft 
t  eir    ece  s.      remarkable  Transactions  that  happened  between  the 
Rrfing  of  the  Houfe  and  their  next  Meeting. 

On  the  firft  of  July,  Cromwell  was  proclaimed 
Lord  Protector,  in  London,  at  the  ufual  Places,  and 
with  as  much  Magnificence  as  if  he  had  actually 
accepted  the  Crown :  The  fame  was,  afterwards, 
done  at  Edinburgh  and  Dublin,  and  throughout  the 
Three  Nations.  l 

Being  thus  poflefs'd  of  the  Sovereign  Power, 
and  having  infured  his  own  Greatnefs,  he  thought 
it  neceflary  to  diftinguim.  his  Family  by  Titles 
of  Honour  and  Preferment.  Accordingly,  in  pur- 
fuance  of  this  Plan,  his  eldeft  Son,  Richard,  was, 
upon  his  own  Refignation  of  the  Office  of  Chanrcel- 
lor  of  the  Univerfity  of  Oxford,  inftalled  therein, 
on  the  2Qth  of  this  Month,  with  great  Solemnity : 
In  the  next,  he  was  fworn  a  Privy  Counfellor,  made 
a  Colonel  in  the  Army;  and,  not  long  after,  the  firft 
Lord  of  the  Other  Houfe. 

On  the  i  ith  of  November,  the  Protector's  young- 
eft  Daughter,  Frances,  was  married  to  the  Hon.  Ro- 
bert Rich,  Son  of  Lord  Rich,  and  Grandfon  of  the 

Earl  of  Warwick  m. There  had  been,  fome  few 

Months  before,  a  private  Negotiation  on  Foot,  for 
a  Marriage  between  this  Lady  and  the  exiled  King 
Charles,  under  the  Conduct  of  Lord  Eroghill;  who 

was 

*  Cram-well,  while  he  was  only  Lord-General  of  the  Parliament's 
Forces,  bore  for  his  Creft  a  Demi-Lion,  holding  in  his  Paw  a  Hal- 
bert,  or  General's  Pike.  After  he  was  made  Lord  Proteftor,  he 
took  away  the  Halbert,  and  gave  the  Demi- Lion,  holding  a  Diamond 
Ring  in  hit  Right  Paw,  to  fignify  his  political  Marriage  to  the  Imperial 
Crown  of  the  Three  Kingdoms.  This  appear;  from  a  Comparifon  of 
his  Sign  Manual  when  Lord-General,  with  another  Sign  Manual  c*~ 
his  when  Lord  Proteftor.  Peck's  Memrnrt  of  Cromwell. 

n»  Cram-well  gave  her  15,000  /.  Fortune,  fbvrlte,  V»lt  VI, 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       163 

"was  not  only  very  high  in  Cromwell's  Confidence,  Inter-regnum. 
but  had  Addrefs  enough  to  procure  the  young  King's        ]      " 

Confent  to  fuch  a  Treaty. And  altho'  no  Men-    ^ov^iJZ^ 

tion  is  made  of  this  Affair  by  Lord  Clarendon,  who, 
for  the  Honour  of  the  King  his  Matter,  might  be  in- 
duced to  pafs  it  over  in  Silence  ;  yet  the  under-cited 
Authorities  feem  to  put  this  Matter  out  of  doubt.  n 
L  2  On 

n  Biftiop  Burnet  writes,  <  That  the  Earl  of  Orrery  [then  Lord 
£rofbi/l]  told  him,  '  That,  coming  one  Day  to  Crotirwellt  during 
the  Time  of  the  Heats  about  the  Propofal  for  his  Acceptance  of  the 
Crown  j  and  telling  him,  He  had  been  in  the  City  all  Day,  the  Pro- 
tector a/k'd  him,  What  News  he  had  heard  there  ?  The  other  an- 
fwercd,  That  he  was  told  his  Highnefs  was  in  Treaty  with  the  King, 
who  was  to  be  reftored,  and  to  marry  his  Daughter.  Cronnvell  ex* 
prefiing  no  Indignation  at  this,  Lord  Orrery  faid,  In  the  State  to 
which  Things  were  brought,  he  faw  not  a  better  Expedient :  They 
might  bring  him  in  on  what  Terms  they  pleafed :  And  Cromwell 
might  retain  the  fame  Authority  he  then  had,  with  lefs  Trouble.  To 
which  he  anfwering,  The  King  can  never  forgive  his  Father's  Blood, 
Orrery  faid,  The  Protestor  was  one  of  many  that  were  concerned  in 
that,  but  he  would  be  alone  in  the  Merit  of  reftormg  him.  To 
which  Cromwell  replied,  He  is  fo  damnably  debauched,  he  would  un- 
do us  all ;  and  fo  turned  to  another  Difcourfe,  without  any  Emo- 
tion j  which  made  Lord  Orrery  conclude  he  had  often  thought  of  that 
Expedient.'  Hijiory  of  bit  own  Tivei,  Vol.  I.  p.  69. 

Mr.  Morrice,  Chaplain  to  the  Earl  of  Orrery,  in  his  Life  of  that 
Lord,  relates  this  Affair  with  many  additional  L'j  re  urn  fiances.  We 
frail  therefore  cite  the  whole  Narrative  thereof,  at  large,  in  his  own 
Words. 

'  After  the  Wart  of 'Ireland  were1  finifhed,  and  that  Kingdom  fettled, 
Cram-well  being  made  Lord  Protestor,  a  Parliament  was  called  j  the 
Members  of  which  were  taken  out  of  the  Three  Kingdoms,  whereof 
Lord  Bregbill  was  one. 

*  His  Lordfhip  had,  now  and  then,  Opportunities  of  a  fecret  Cor- 
refpondence  with  fome  Perfons  about  the  King,  by  whom  he  had 
founded  his  Majefty's  Inclinations,  which  were  favourable  to  aDefign 
of  making  a  Match  betwixt  him  and  one  of  Cr«wuW/'s  Daughters, 
the  Lady  Franca,  as  I  remember  j  to  promote  which  he  had  Order* 
to  do  whatever  lay  in  his  Power  :  Thus,  having  his  Majefty's  Leave, 
he  took  a  fit  Occafion  to  move  it  to  CremweU,  which  he  did  in  the 
following  Manner: 

'  He  firft  acquainted  Cram-weir*  Wife  and  Daughter  with  his  De- 
lign,  and  then  caufed  a  Rumour  of  it  to  be  fpread  abroad  in  the 
Town  j  and,  one  Day,  coming  out  of  the  City,  and  going  to  Crom- 
well's Clofet,  Cromwell  immediately  came  to  him ;  and,  walking 
with  him  alone,  he  aflt'd,  Where  he  had  been  ?  My  Lord  anfwer'd, 
In  the  City.  Crtmwll  afle'd  him,  What  News  there  ?  My  Lord  an- 
fwer'J,  Very  ftrange  News.  Croarwcll  earneftly  inquiring  what  it 
wai,  my  Loid  detained  him  a  while,  only  by  repeating,  It  taasjlrange 
Newt,  and  feruling  at  the  fame  Time.  Crottvoell,  by  the  Delay,  be- 
came more  earned  to  know  it.  My  Lord,  at  laft,  replied,  That 
perhaps  he  would  be  offended  to  hear  it.  Crtmvuell,  not  enduring 

any 


1657. 
NOTCH)  ber. 


164     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  Qn  the  iQth  of  this  Month,  the  Proteaor's  third 
Daughter,  Mary^  was  married  to  the  Lord  Faucon- 
lerg,  at  Hampton-Court  :  And,  on  the  25th,  his 
younger  Son,  Henry,  was  appointed  Lord-Deputy 
of  Ireland. 

About 

any  longer  Delay,  aflured  him  he  v.-ould  net,  and  therefore  conjured 
him  to  tell  it.  Upon  that,  in  a  jocular  Way,  my  Lord  told  him,  all 
the  News  in  the  City  was,  That  he  was  going  to  marry  his  Daughter 
Frances  to  the  King.  Cromwell  then,  with  a  merry  Countenance, 
afk'd  him,  And  what  do  the  Foo/s  think  of  it  ?  My  i/otd  then  replied, 
All  liked  it,  and  thought  it  the  -wifefl  Thing  he  could  do,  if  he  could 
accomplljb  it.  Upon  that  Cromwell  made  a  Stand  ;  and,  looking 
ftedfaftly  in  my  Lord's  Face,  afk'd  him,  And  do  you  believe  Jo  too? 
His  Lord/hip,  feeing  him  a  little  moved,  anfwered,  He  did  believe 
it  was  the  befl  Thing  he  could  do  to  fecure  himfelf. 

'  CrotKtvell  then  walk'd  up  and  down  the  Room,  with  his  Hands 
b?hind  him,  in  a  very  thoughtful  Manner  ;  and  at  laft  afk'd  my  Lord, 
What  Reafon  he  had  to  be  of  that  Belief?  His  Lordihip  repi'efented 
to  him,  how  little  he  could  confide  in  thofe  cf  his  own  Party,  be- 
ing, upon  every  Occafion,  fubjeft  to  murmur  and  repine  j  how  un- 
likely it  was  for  him  to  continue  long  in  that  Grandeur,  the  very 
fame  Perfons  who  fet  him  up,  being  willing  to  pull  him  down ;  and, 
on  the  other  Hand,  the  King,  in  his  great  Exigencies,  would  be 
ready  enough  to  hearken  to  any  Proportion,  rather  than  live  in  Exile, 
fo  that  he  might  make  his  own  Terms  with  him,  and  be  the  General 
of  all  the  Forces  during  Life:  The  Loyal  Party  would  readily  join 
•with  him  in  the  Work}  and  if  his  Daughter  had  Children  by  the 
King,  which  was  likely  enough,  he  would  thereby  be  endeared  to 
King  and  Country,  and  would  have  fuch  Intereft  in  the  Crown,  that 
Nobody  could  ever  attempt  any  thing  againft  him  ;  having  a  King 
his  Son-in-Law,  an  Heir  Apparent  to  the  Crown  his  Grandfon,  and 
the  whole  Power  of  the  Nation  in  his  own  Hands ;  by  all  which  his 
Greatnefs  would  be  for  ever  eflablifhed :  Whereas,  if  he  neglected 
thefe  Means,  he  could  not  expect  to  tranfmit  his  Greatnefs  to  the 
next  Heir,  and  perhaps  would  hardly  be  able  to  preferve  it  during  his 
own  Life. 

'  Cromwell  gave  great  Attention  to  thefe  Reafons ;  but,  walking 
two  or  three  Turns,  and  ponderine  within  himfelf,  he  told  Lord 
Brogbill,  The  King  would  never  forgive  him  the  Death  of  his  Father. 
His  Lord/hip  defired  him  to  employ  fomebodv  to  found  the  King  in 
this  Matter,  to  fee  how  he  would  take  it,  and  offered  himfelf  to  me- 
diate in  it  for  him  :  But  Cromwell  would  not  confent,  but  again  re- 
peated, The  King  cannot,  and  iviil  not,  forgive  the  Death  of  his  Fa' 
tber ;  and  fo  he  left  his  Lordfhip,  who  durft  not  tell  him  he  had  al- 
ready dealt  with  his  Majefty  in  that  Affair. 

«  Upon  this  my'Lord  withdrew,  and  meeting  Cram-weir*  Wife  and 
Daughter,  they  inquired  how  he  had  fucceeded  ;  of  which  having 
given  them  an  Account,  he  added,  They  muft  try  their  Intereft  in 
him;  but  none  could  prevail,  Guilt  lay  fo  heavy  upon  him,  that 
he  thought  there  could  be  no  Reconciliation  j  and  fo  that  Bufinefs 
broke  off.' 

Colleftien  of  Lard  Orrery  'j  State  Litters,  before  cited,  p.  *z. 


Of   ENGLAND.       165 

About  this  Time  Advice  was  received  of  Mardyke  Inter-regnum. 
being  taken  from  the  Spaniards,  by  the  united  For-         l6S' 

ces  of  England  and  France,  and  put  into  the  PofTef-  TT^T 
f  r   \  it  •       /"i  i     **  r        LTT/-        r     December, 

fion  of  Major-General   Morgan,    for  the  Ufe  of 

Cromwell,  purfuant  to  an  Oftenfive  and  Defenfive 
Treaty,  between  the  two  Nations,  againft  Spain. 

Few  Princes  ever  bore  their  Character  higher, 
than  Oliver  Cromwell  in  his  Treaties  with  Crowned 
Heads  :  A  very  remarkable  Inftance  of  which  we 
have  in  the  League  before  us  ;  wherein  he  would 
not  allow  the  French  King  to  call  himfelf  King  of 
France,  but  of  the  French ;  whereas  he  took  to 
himfelf  not  only  the  Title  of  Protector  of  England* 
but  likewife  of  France.  And,  which  is  yet  more 
furprifmg,  in  the  Inftrument  of  this  Treaty,  the 
Protector's  Name  was  put  before  that  of  the  French 
King's.  c 

In  the  Beginning  of  December,  Cromwell,  in  pur- 
fuance  of  an  Addrefs  from  his  Parliament,  on  the 
Day  of  their  Adjournment,  fent  an  Agent  to  the 
D*uke  of  Savoy,  to  negotiate  in  favour  of  that  Prince's 
Proteflant  Subjects  in  Piedmont.  And, 

On  the  loth  of  this  Month,  the  Protector,  ac- 
cording to  the  Powers  vefted  in  him  by  the  Humble 
Petition  and  Advice,  nominated  Another  Houfe  of 
Parliament,  to  fit  and  do  Bufmefs  in  Imitation  of 
the  Houfe  of  Lords.  The  Commiffioners  of  the 
Great  Seal,  with  the  Advice  of  the  Judges,  had 
been  ordered  to  prepare  a  Writ  for  fummoning  the 
Members  of  this  Other  Houfe,  directed  to  fuch 
Perfyns  as  the  Lord  Protector,  under  his  Sign  Ma- 
nual, mould  appoint.  The  Form  of  the  faid  Writ 
was  as  follows  : 

L  3  OLIVER, 

c  Id,  porro,  Bellum  Proteftoris  in  Hi/fanos  adeo  opportunum  Gal- 
lo  accedebat,  ut  fummo  Studio  iftum  Foedore  fibi  innc&ere  ftuderet  j 
ctiam  concerto,  ut  Crenrwellut  eundcm  Gallorum  Regent,  non  Gallia- 
ruht,  nuncuparet ;  alias  ipfc  I'roteftoris,  quoque  Francis,  vocabulum, 
ficut  slnglix  aH'umpturus  :  Simul  pateretur  Cronewellum  Inftrumento 
fuo  Nomen,  Titulumque,  ante  Gallicutr.,  ponere. 

Puffer.d<>rff  dc  Rebut  Gejlit  Fredtrici  Wilbclmi,  EIe£J»rit  BranJen- 
burgici,  p.  313, 


1 66     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  /^\LIVER,  Lord  Proteftor  of  the  Commonwealth 

1657.        \J^  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and  the 

*— v»j    Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  belonging :  To 

December.     our  Trujly  and  beloved  Son,  Lord  Richard  Cromwell , 

Greeting. 

Cr«mw//'s  Writ  Whereas,  by  the  ddvice  and  JJJent  of  our  Council, 
hh  HraTof0*  for  Mr  tain  great  and -weighty  Affairs  concerning  us  and 
Lords,  the  State  and  Defence  of  the  faid  Commonwealth >,  We 

ordained  our  prefent  Parliament  to  be  held  at  our  City 
of  Weftminfter,  the  ijtb  Day  of  September,  in  the 
Year  of  our  Lord  1656,  and  there  to  confult  and  ad- 
vife  with  the  Knight st  Citizens.,  and  Burgejfes  of  our 
faid  Commonwealth ;  which  Parliament  was  then  and 
there  held,  and  continued  untill  the  2.6th  Day  of  June 
la  ft  pajt,  and  then  adjourned  untill  the  zoth  Day  of 
January  now  next  coming:  Therefore  we  command 
and  firmly  enjoin  you,  that,  confidering  the  Difficulty  of 
the  faid  Affairs  and  imminent  Dangers,  all  Excufes 
leing  fet  ajide,  you  be  perfonally  prefent  at  Weftmin- 
fter aforefaid,  the  faid  2Oth  Day  of  January  next 
coming*  there  to  treat,  confer,  and  give  your  ddvice 
with  us,  and  with  the  Great  Men  and  Nobles  in  and 
concerning  the  djfairs  aforefaid :  And  this,  as  you 
love  our  Honour  and  Safety,  and  the  Defence  of  the 
Commonwealth  aforefaid,  you  Jhall  in  no  wife  omit. 

Witnefs  Ourfelf  at  Wejlminfler^  the  loth  Day  of 
December •,  1657. 

Mr.  Whitlocke  writes,  c  That,  amongft  the  Mem- 
•  bers  of  this  New  Houfe  of  Lords,  were  many  Noble- 
men, Knights,  and  Gentlemen,  of  antient  Families 
and  good  Eftates,  intermix'd  with  fome  Colonels 
and  Officers  of  the  Army  c.'  Mr.  Ludlow,  though 
he  admits  that  there  were,  in  this  Aflembly,  feveral 
of  the  antient  Nobility,  together  with  fome  of  the 
Gentry,  who  had  confiderable  Eftates  derived  to 
them  from  their  Anceftors,  yet  affirms  that  the  prin- 
cipal Part  of  them  were  fuch  as  had  procured  their 
prefent  Pofleffions  by  their  Wits,  and  were  refolved 
to  enlarge  them,  by  felling  their  Confcienccs  to 
Cromwell,  for  the  Purchafe  of  his  Favour d. But 

c  Memoriglt,  p,  665. *  Memoirs,  Vol.  II,  p,  595. 


Of    ENGLAND.      167 

<he  Characters  of  the  Members  of  this  Unconftitu-  Inter-regaum. 

tional  Body,  will  bcft  be  known  by  exhibiting  a  Lift 

of  them  c ;  obferving,  by  the  Way,  That  tho'  the 

Protedor  had  rcfufed  the  Title  of  King,  yet  the 

Regal  Style,  as  Ourftlf,  Our  Great  Seal,  Our  Fleet, 

Our  Army,  6fr.  is  made  ufe  of  in  the  refpe&ive 

Writs  iiTued  on  this  Occafion,  viz. 


1657. 


December. 


Lord  Richard  Cromwell, 

Lord  Henry  Cromwell, 

Nathaniel  Fienncs,  one  of 
the  Lords  Commif- 
fioners  of  our  Great 
Seal, 

John  Lijle,  one  of  the 
Lords  Commiffioners 
of  our  Great  Seal, 

Henry  Lawrence,  Prefi- 
dent  of  our  Council, 

Claries  Fleelwood,  Lieu- 
tenant-General  of  our 
Army, 

Edmund,  Earl  of  Mul- 
grave, 

Robert,  Earl  of  War- 
wick, 

Edward,  Ear!  of  Man* 
chejler, 


William,  Lord  Vifccunt  A  Lift  of  them. 

Say  and  Sele, 
TkomaSf    Lord   Faucon- 

berg, 
Charles,  Lord  Vifcount 

Howard,  ofMorpeth, f 
Philip,  Lord  Wharton, 
Lord  John  Cleypole,  Ma- 

fter  of  our  Horfe, 
John  Dejbrough,  one  of 

the  Generals  of  our 

Fleet, 
Edward  Montague,  one 

of  the  Generals  of  our 

Fleet,  and  Lord  Com- 

miflioner  of  our  Trea- 

fury, 
IVilliam  Sydenham,  one  of 

the    Lords   Commif- 

fionersofourTreafury, 

Bulftrode 


«  Cromwtll  was  under  ib  great  Embarraffmcnt  whom  to  fix  upon 
for  conftituting  this  Other  Houfe  of  Parliament,  that,  in  a  Letter 
from  Tburloe  to  Hotiy  Cromwell,  in  Ireland,  of  the  ift  of  this  Month, 
the  Secretary  aflured  him  there  was  not  then  any  one  Perfon  fully  re- 
folved  on,  and  nobody  was  able  to  fay  who  they  fhould  be  (the  Diifi- 
r  i!-.y  proving  great  between  thofe  who  were  fit,  and  not  willing  to 
fcive;  and  thofc  who  were  willing,  and  expected  it,  but  were  not 
fit)  ;  although  there  were  then  but  eight  Days  left  for  the  final  Refo- 
lution,  there  being  a  Neceflity  for  ifliiing  the  Writs  forty  Days  before 
the  Meeting  of  the  Parliament. 

State  Paptn,  Vol.  VI.  p.  648. 


f  So  created  by  Cram-well,  the  loth  of  July,  1657  ;  and,  upon  the 
Reiteration,  advanced  to  Uxe  Dignity  of  Earf  of  CtrJiJIf, 


j68 


Parliamentary  HISTO.RY 


Jnter-regnum.  Buljlrode  Ifhitlocke,  one 


1657. 

— V" 

December. 


of  the  Lords  Commif- 
fioners  of  our  Treafu- 

r7» 

Sir  Charles  Wolfeley,  Bart. 
Walter  Strickland,   Efq; 
Philip  Skippon,  Efq; 
Francis  Rous,  Efq; 
'John  Jones,  Efq; 
George,  LordEure, 
Edmund  Thomas ,  Efq; 
Sir   William  Strickland, 

Bart. 

*70£n  Fiennes,  Efq; 
Sir  /Vrfwm  £«^*/,  Bart. 
P£:7/>,  Vifcount  LiJJe, 
Sir  Thomas  Honey  wood, 
Sir    Arthur   HaJIerigge, 

Bart. 

Sir  y»A»  Hobart,  Bart. 
Sir  Richard  Onflow  y  Knt. 
Sir  Gilbert  Gerrard, 

Bart. 
•}•  Sir   IVilliam  Roberts, 

Knt.  f 
7<?£«  (?#»»*,  Lord  Chief 

Juftice  of  the  Upper 

Bench, 
O/rW   to.   7^»»  Lord 

Chief  Juftice   of  the 

Common  Bench, 
William  Pierepoint,  Efq; 
John  Crew,  Efq; 
Alexander  Popham9  Efq; 
Philip  Jones,  Efq; 
t  Sir  /totfw  Lockbart, 

Knt. 


f  Sir  Chrijlopher  Packe, 
And 

f  Sir  Robert  Tichburne^ 

.  Knights,  and  Aldermen 
of  our  City  of  London^ 

Edward  Whalley,  Com- 
miflary-Generalofthe 
Horfe, 

f  Sir  John  Bark/lead, 
Knt.  Lieutenant  of  the 
'Tower, 

f  Sir  Thomas  Pride,  Knt. 

John  Clerke,  LL.  D. 

Richard  Ingcldjby,   Efq; 

f  S\r  John  Hew/on,  Knt. 

James  Berry,   Efq; 

/•raww  Gc/>,  Efq; 

George  Moncke,  Com- 
mander in  Chief  of 
our  Forces  in  Scotland. 

David,  Earl  of  Co/fills, 

Archibald  John/Ion^  of 
Warijlon, 

jniliam  S  fee  ft,  Chancel- 
lor of  Ireland, 

Roger,   Lord  Broghill, 

f  Sir  Matthew  Tomlin- 
fon,  Knt. 

Sir  Gilbert  Pickering^ 
Bart. 

•f-  Sir  George  Flectwocdy 
Knt. 

Thomas  Cooper,  Efq; 

William  Lenthal,  Mafter 
of  the  Rolls  in  our 
Chancery, 

Richard Hampden,  Efq; g 


The 

f  The  Perfons  diftinguiflied  thus  f  were  knighted  by  Cromtvell. 

8  In  a  Catalogue  of  the  Members  of  this  Aflembly,  lent  by  Secre- 
tary Tburloe  to  Lockbart,  then  Ambaflador  in  France,  the  Number  is 
only  58,  the  five  laft  being  omitted.  Wbitlockes  Memorials,  Dug- 
dalSs  yiew  of  thi  Troubles,  Heath's  Chronicle,  and  others,  make 
them  only  61  ;  but  the  Lift,  as  above  given,  was  publifhed  in  De- 
(emtcr,  1658,  by  T,  Walkley,  with  a  Copy  of  the  Writ  prefixed  to  it. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       169 

The  Judges  of  the  Upper  Bench,  who,  at  this  inter-rcgnuni. 
Time,  were  IVarburton  and  Neivdigate  ;    of  the        1657. 
Common    Bench,   Atkins,  Hale,    and   IVyndhalh  \    <— v—~ ' 
With  the  Barons  of  the  Exchequer,  Nicholas,  Par-      Ja°uary- 
ker,  and  Hill,  were  fummoned,  alfo,  as  Afiiftants 
to  this  Other  Houfe.  h 

All  the  Peers  fummoned  to  this  Aflembly,  except 
the  Lord  Euro,  prudcntully  forbore  to  fit  therein ; 
and  Sir  Arthur  Haflerigge,  to  fhew  his  Contempt  of 
them,  took  his  Seat  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  as 
Member  for  the  Town  of  Leicejler.  This  Gentle- 
man was  one  of  thofe  who  had  been  fecluded  by  the 
Protector's  Council,  at  the  Opening  of  the  Par- 
liament in  September ;  and  then  diftinguimed  him- 
felf  as  the  firft  Man  who  fubfcribed  the  Remonftrancc 
againft  that  Arbitrary  Proceeding. However, 

On  the  20th  of  January ,  purfuant  to  Adjourn- The  Parliament 
ment,  the  Parliament  met;  the  Commons  in  theirmeet  again,  pur- 
own  Houfe;  the  Members  of  the  Other  Houfe,  infuant  to  Ad~ 
that  which  was  formerly  the  Houfe  of  Lords  :  But,JOU' 
there  being  no  Journals  kept  of  their  New  Lordfhips 
Proceedings  that  we  know  of,  what  they  did,  in  the 
little  Time  they  fat,  muft  be  gleaned  out  of  thofe 
of  the  Commons. — The  latter  employed  the  Morn- 
ing in  taking  the  Oath  required  by  the  Humble  Ad- 
ditional and  Explanatory  Petition  and  Advice,  and 
appointing  a  folemn  Day  of  Fafting,  Humiliation, 
and  feeking  of  God,  for  his  Affiftance  and  Blefling 
on  their  Endeavours.  After  which,  being  inform'd 
that  the  Uflier  of  the  Black  Rod,  with  fome  MefTage, 
was  at  the  Door,  he  was  called  in;  and  having  made 
his  Obeifance,  and  approaching  towards  the  Middle 
of  the  Houfe  with  his  Rod  in  his  Hand,  he  acquainted 
them,  That  his  Highnefs  was  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords, 
and  (laid  for  them  there :  Hereupon  the  Speaker, 
and  all  the  Members,  went  up,  the  Serjeant  bearing 
his  Mace  upon  his  Shoulder,  when  his  Highnefs 
was  plcafed  to  make  the  following  myfterious  Speech 
to  the  Aircmbly,  as  entered  in  the  Journals  : 

Mj 

&  Moft  of  thefc  were  rc-appoiuted  Judge*  after  the  Reftoration. 


170    The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

My  Lords,  and  Gentlemen  of  the  Houfe  of  Com* 
mons> 

I  Meet  you  here,  in  this  Capacity,  by  the  Ad- 
vice and  Petition  of  this  prefent  Parliament,  af- 
^-  ~*~~— r   ter  fo  much  Expence  of  Blood  and  Treafure,  to 
January.     fearch  ^  ^  ^^  Bleffings  God  hath  in  Store  for 

The  Lord  Pro-  tnefe  Nations. 

teftor's  Speech  '  I  cannot  but  with  Gladnefs  of  Heart  remember 
to  both  Houfes.  and  acknowledge  the  Labour  and  Induftry  that  is 
paft,  which  hath  been  fpent  upon  a  Bufinefs  worthy 
of  the  beft  Men,  and  the  beft  Chriftians.  It  is  very 
well  known  unto  you  all  what  Difficulties  we  have 
pafled  through,  and  what  we  are  now  arrived  at : 
We  hope  we  may  fay  we  are  arrived  at  what  we 
aimed  at,  if  not  at  that  which  is  much  beyond  our 
Expectations. 

«  The  State  of  this  Caufe,  and  the  Quarrel,  what 
that  was  at  the  firft,  you  all  very  well  know  :  I  am 
perfuaded  naoft  of  you  have  been  Actors  in  it, 

'  It  was  the  maintaining  the  Liberty  of  thefe  Na- 
tions ;  our  Civil  Liberties  as  Men,  our  Spiritual  Li- 
berties as  Chriftians.  I  ihall  not  much, look  back, 
but  rather  fay  one  Word  concerning  the  State  and 
Condition  we  are  all  now  in. 

'  You  know  very  well,  the  firft  Declaration  after 
the  Beginning  of  this  War,  that  fpake  to  the  Life, 
was  a  Senfe  held  forth  by  the  Parliament,  That,  for 
fome  Succeflion  of  Time,  Defigns  were  laid  to  inno- 
vate upon  the  Civil  Rights  of  the  Nations ;  and  to  in- 
novate in  Matters  of  Religion  :  And  thofe  very  Per- 
fons,  that,  a  Man  would  have  thought,  fhould  have 
had  the  leaft  Hand  in  the  meddling  with  Civil  Things, 
did  juftify  them  all ;  all  Tranfactions  that  were  in 
Pulpits,  inPrefies,  and  otherwife;  which  was  verily 
thought  would  have  been  a  very  good  Shelter  to  them, 
to  innovate  upon  us  in  Matters  of  Religion  alfo ; 
and  fo  to  innovate  as  to  eat  out  the  Core,  and  Power, 
and  Heart,  and  Life  of  all  Religion,  by  bringing  on 
us  a  Company  of  poifonous,  Popim  Ceremonies, 
and  impofing  them  upon  thofe  that  were  accounted 
the  Puritans  of  the  Nation,  and  Profeflbrs  of  Reli- 
gion 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       j;i 

gion  amongft  us;  driving  them  to  feek  their  Bread  inter-r«gnum, 
jn  an  howling  Wildernefs,  as  was  inftanced  to  our         1657. 
Friends,  who  were  forced  to  fly  for  Holland,  New- 
England,  almoft  any  whither,  to  find  Liberty  for 
their  Conferences. 

*  Now,  if  this  Thing  hath  "been  the  State  and 
Sum  of  our  Quarrel,  and  of  thofe  ten  Years  Wars 
wherein  we  have  been  exercifed  ;    and  that  the  good 
Hand  of  God  (for  we  are  to  attribute  it  to  no  other) 
hath  brought  the  Bufmefs  thus  home  unto  us,  as  it 
js  flated  in  the  Petition  and  Advice,    I  think  we 
have  all  Caufe  to  blefs  God,  and  the  Nations  have 
Caufe  to  blcfs  him. 

'  I  well  remember  I  did  a  little  touch  upon  the 
85th  Pfalm,  when  I  fpake  unto  you  in  the  Begin- 
ning of  this  Parliament,  which  exprefleth  well  that 
that  we  may  fay  as  tridy  and  as  well,  as  it  was  faid 
of  old  by  the  Penman  of  that  Pfalm.  The  firft 
Verfe  is  an  Acknowledgement  to  God,  that  he  had 
been  favourable  to  his  Land,  and  had  brought  back 
the  Captivity  of  his  People;  and  that  he  had  pardoned 
all  their  Iniquities,  and  covered  all  their  Sin,  and 
taken  away  all  his  Wrath  :  And  indeed  of  thefe  un- 
fpeakable  Mercies,  Bleflings,  and  Deliverances  out 
of  Captivity,  pardoning  National  Sins  and  National 
Iniquities,  pardoning  as  God  pardons  the  Man  whom, 
hejuftifieth,  he  breaks  through,  and  overlooks  Ini- 
quity; and  pardoneth  becaufe  he  will  pardon:  And 
fometimes  God  pardoneth  Nations  fo  ;  and  if  the 
Enjoyment  of  our  prefent  Peace  and  other  Mercies, 
may  be  Witnefles  for  God,  we  feel  and  we  fee  them 
every  Day. 

*  The  greateft  Demonftration  of  his  Favour  and 
Love  appears  to  us  in  this,   That  he  hath  given  us 
Peace  and  the  Bleflings  of  Peace  ;  to  wit,  the  En- 
joyments of  our  Liberties,  Civil  and  Spiritual ;  and  I 
re-member  well  the  Church  falls  into  Prayer,  and 
into  Prailes,   great  Expectations  of  future  Mercies, 
and  much  Thankfulnefs  for  the  Enjoyment  of  pre- 
fent Mercies;  and  breaks  into  this  Expreflion,  Surely 
Salvation  is  nigh  unto  them  that  fear  him,  that  Glo- 
ry may  dwell  in  our  Land.  In  the  Beginning,  he  calls 


172     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Iflter-regnum,  it  his  Land  ;  Thou  baft  been  favourable  to  our  Land: 
_ 5—       Truly  I  hope  this  is  his  Land  ;  and,  in  fome  Senfe, 

^T""Jf7"""'  it  may  be  given  out  that  it  is  God's  Land.  And  he 
January.  ^at  ^^  tne  ^y^^^  Knowledge,  and  the  worft 
Memory,  can  eafily  tell  we  are  a  redeemed  People, 
(when  firft  God  was  pleafed  to  look  favourably  upon 
us)  out  of  the  Hands  of  Popery,  in  that  never-to- 
be-forgotten  Reformation,  that  moft  fignificant  and 
greateft  the  Nation  hath  felt  or  tafted. 

'  I  would  but  touch  upon  that,  and  but  a  Touch  : 
How  hath  God  redeemed  us,  as  it  is  this  Day,  not 
from  Trouble,  and  Sorrow,  and  Anger ;  but  unto  a 
blefled  and  happy  Eftate  and  Condition,  compre- 
henfive  of  all  the  Intereft  of  every  Member,  of 
every  Individual  of  thofe  Mercies,  as  you  very  well 
fee  ! 

'  And  then  in  what  Senfe  it  is  our  Land,  through 
this  Grace  and  Favour  of  God,  that  he  hath  vouch- 
fafed  unto  us,  and  beftowed  upon  us,  with  the  Go- 
fpel,  with  Peace,  and  Reft,  out  of  ten  Years  War, 
and  given  us  what  we  would  defire  !  Nay,  who 
could  have  forethought,  when  we  were  plunged  into 
the  Midft  of  our  Troubles,  that  ever  the  People  of 
God  mould  have  had  Liberty  to  wormip  God  with- 
out Fear  of  Enemies  ?  Which  is  the  very  Acknow- 
ledgement of  the  Promife  of  Cbri/l>  That  he  would 
deliver  his  from  Fear  of  Enemies,  that  they  might 
•worfliip  him  in  Holinefs  and  in  Righteoufnefs  all  the 
Days  of  their  Life. 

'  This  is  the  Portion  that  God  hath  given  us ; 
and  I  truft  we  (hall  for  ever  heartily  acknowledge  it. 
The  Church  goes  on  there,  and  makes  her  Boaft  yet 
further  ;  His  Salvation  is  nigh  them  that  fear  him, 
that  Glory  may  dwell  in  our  Land :  His  Glory  not 
carnal,  nor  any  thing  elfe  that  accompanies  this 
Glory  of  a  free  Pofleffion  of  the  Gofpel ;  this  is  that 
we  may  glory  in.  And  he  fays  further,  Mercy  and 
Truth  are  met  together^  Righteoufnefs  and  Peace 
have  kij/ed  each  other. 

*  And  it  fhall  be  fuch  Righteoufnefs  as  comesdown 
from  Heaven  ;  Truth  Jhall  grow  out  of  the  Earth, 

and 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       173 

and  Right toufnefs  Jhall  come  down  from  Heaven, 
Here  is  the  Truth  of  all ;  here  is  the  Righteoufnefs 
of  God,  under  the  Notion  of  Righteoulnefs,  con- 
fuming  our  Abilities,  anfwerable  to  the  Truth  that 
he  hath  in  the  Gofpel  revealed  towards  us :  And  he 
clofeth  with  this  ;  Righteoufncfs  Jhall  go  before  /;////, 
and  Jhall  fet  us  in  the  IVay  of  his  Steps  :  That  Righ- 
teoufnefs,  that  Mercy,  that  Love,  and  that  Kindnefs 
which  we  have  feen,  and  have  been  made  Partakers 
«f  from  the  Lord  ;  it  {hall  be  our  Guide  to  teach  us 
to  know  the  ri^ht  and  the  good  Way ;  which  is  to 
tread  in  Steps  of  Mercy,  Righteoufnefs,  and  Good- 
nete,  that  our  God  hath  walked  before  us  in. 

'  We  have  a  Peace  this  Day :  I  believe,  in  my  ve- 
ry Heart,  you  all  think  the  Things  that  I  ipealc 
to  you  this  Day  ;  I  am  fure  you  have  Caufe.  And 
yet  we  are  not  without  the  Murmurings  of  ma- 
ny People,  who  turn  all  this  Grace  and  Goodnefe 
into  Wormwood,  who  indeed  are  difappointed  by 
the  Works  of  God  :  And  thofe  Men  are  of  feveral 
Ranks  and  Conditions  ;  great  ones,  lefier  ones,  of  all 
Sorts  ;  Men  that  are  of  the  Kpifcopal  Spirit,  with 
all  the  Branches,  the  Root  and  the  Branches ;  whe 
gave  themfelves  a  fatal  Blow  in  this  Place,  when 
they  would  needs  make  a  Protection,  That  no 
Laws  were  good  which  were  made  by  this  Houfe, 
and  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  in  their  Abfcncc  ;  and 
fo,  without  Injury  to  themfelves,  cut  off  themfelves. 

'  Indeed  Men  that  know  not  God ;  that  know 
not  how  to  account  upon  the  Works  of  God  ;  how 
to  meafure  them  out ;  but  will  trouble  Nations  for 
an  Intereft,  which  is  but  mixt  at  the  beft ;  made  up 
of  Iron  and  Clay,  like  the  Feet  of  Nebuchadnezzar's 
Image;  whether  they  were  more  Civil  or  Spiritual, 
was  hard  to  fay,  but  their  Continuance  was  like  tw 
be  known  before-hand  ;  Iron  and  Clay  make  no 
good  Mixtures,  they  are  not  durable  at  all. 

'  You  have  now  a  Godly  Miniftry  ;  you  have  a 
knowing  Miniftry  ;  fuch  a  one  as,  without  Vanity- 
be  it  fpoken,  the  World  has  not ;  Men  knowing 
the  Things  of  God,  and  able  to  fearch  into  the 
Things  of  God  i  by  that  gnly  that  can  fathom  thole 

Things 


174     'fhe  Parliamentary  HISTORV 
Inter-regnum.  Things  in  fome  Meafure.     The  Spirit  of  a  Beaft 
I"57-        knows  not  the  Spirit  of  a  Man  ;  nor  doth  the  Spirit 
January.      °^  Man  know  the  Things  of  God  :  The  Things  of 
God  are  known  by  the  Spirit.     Truly,  I  will  re- 
member but  this  one  Thing  of  thofe;  their  greateft 
Perfecution  hath  been  of  the  People  of  God  ;   Men 
of  the  Spirit  of  God,  as,  I  think,  very  Experiences 
will  fufficiently  demonftrate. 

*  Befides,  what  is  the  Reafon,  think  you,  that 
Men  flip  in  this  Age  wherein  we  live  ?  As  I  told 
you  before,  they  underftand  not  the  Works  of  God ; 
they  confider  not  the  Operation  of  his  Laws ;  they 
confider  not  that  God  refuted  and  broke  in  Pieces 
the  Powers  that  were,  that  Men  might  fear  him  j 
might  have  Liberty  to  do,  and  to  enjoy,  all  that  we 
have  been  fpeaking  of:  Which  certainly  God  hath 
manifefted,  that  this  was  the  End,  and  that  he  hath 
brought  the  Things  to  pafs.     Therefore  it  is  that 
Men  yet  flip,  and  engage  themfelves  apainft  God  ; 
and  for  that  very  Caufe,   in  the  28th  Pfalm,   faith 
David,  He  /hall  break  them  down,  and  not  build  them 
tip.    If  therefore  you  would  know  upon  what  Foun- 
dation you  fland,  own  your  Foundation  from  God* 
He  hath  fet  you  where  you  are  ;   he  hath  let  you  in 
the  Enjoyment  of  your  Civil  and  of  your  Spiritual 
Liberties. 

*  I  deal  clearly  with  you  :  I  have  been  under  fome 
Infirmity ;  therefore  dare  not  fpeak  further  unto  you, 
but  to  let  you  know  thus  much,  that  I  have,  with 
Truth  and  Simplicity,  declared    the  State  of  our 
Caufe,  and  Attainments  in  it,  to  you,  by  the  Indu- 
ftry  and  Labour  of  this  Parliament,  when  they  laft 
met  upon  this  Foundation,  (you  {hall  find  I  mean 

.  the  Foundation  of  a  Caufe  and  Quarrel  thus  attained 
to)  wherein  we  are  thus  eftated ;  1  mould  be  very  glad 
to  lay  my  Bones  with  yours ;  and  would  have  done 
it  with  all  Heartinefs  and  Chearfulnefs,  in  the  mean- 
eft  Capacity -that  I  was  ever  yet  in,  to  ferve  the 
Parliament. 

*  If  God  give  you,  as  I  truft  he  will,  he  hath,  gi- 
ven it  you  ;  for,  what  have  I  been  fpeaking  of  but 
what  you  have  done  ?   He  hath  given  you  Strength 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       175 

to  do  what  hath  been  done  :  And,  if  God  fliould  blefs  Inter-r«gnum, 

you  in  this  Work,  and  make  this  Meeting  happy 

upon  this  Account,  you  (hall  all  be  called  the  Blef- 

fed  of  the  Lord  ;  the  Generations  to  come  will  blefs 

us  ;   you  (hall  be  the  Repairers  of  Breaches,   and 

the  Reftorers  of  Paths  to  dwell  in  :  And  if  there  be 

any  Work  that  Mortals  can  attain  to  in  the  World 

beyond  this,   I  acknowledge  my  Ignorance.     As  I 

told  you,  I  have  fome  Infirmities  upon  me  :  I  have 

not  Liberty  to  fpeak  more  unto  you  ;  but  I  have 

defired  an  Honourable  Perfon  here  by  me,  to  dif- 

courfe  a  little  snore  particularly,  what  may  be  more 

proper  for  this  Occafion,  and  this  Meeting.' 

The  Protector  having  ended  his  Harangue,  the 
Journals  inform  us,  That  the  Lord-Commiffioner 
Fiennes  made  a  Speech  to  both  Houfes,  by  way  of 
Enlargement  thereupon.  This  Gentleman,  when 
addreffing  himfelf  to  Cromwell^  at  the  late  Confe- 
rence concerning  the  Parliament's  Tender  of  the 
Crown,  argues  like  a  Man  of  Learning  and  a  found 
Lawyer;  yet  when  he  was,  as  it  were,  perfonating 
his  Matter,  he  feems  to  have  exceeded  him  in  Cant 
and  Hypocrify.  -  But  let  this  Enthufiaftic  Rhap- 
fody  fpeak  for  itfelf. 

My  Lords  and  G*ntlement  of  both  the  mojl  Honour- 
able Houfes  of  Parliament  , 

Mongft  the  manifold  and  various  Difpenfa-The  Lord-Com- 
'  ™'1^*" 


_.  tions  of  God's  Providence  of  late  Years, 
is  one,  and  it  is  afignal  and  remarkable  Providence,  caflon> 
That  we  fee,  this  Day,  in  this  PJace,  a  Chief  Ma- 
giftrate,  and  two  Houfes  of  Parliament.  Jacob  , 
fpeaking  to  his  Son  Jofepk^  faid,  /  bad  not  thought 
to  have  fe  en  thy  Face,  andt  lo,  God  bath  Jhewed  me  thy 
Seed  alfo-y  meaning  his  two  Sons  Ephraim  and  Ma- 
naffeh  :  And  may  not  many  amongft  us  well  fay, 
Some  Years  fince  we  had  not  thought  to  have  feen 
a  Chief  Magiftrate  again  among  us;  and,  lo,  God 
hath  (hewn  us  a  Chief  Magiftrate  in  his  two  Houfes 
of  Parliament  ^Now  may  the  good  God  make  them 
like  Ephraim  and  M*najfib,  that  the  Three  Na- 

tions 


176     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Int"gre!nuaii  tions  may  be  blefled  in  them,  faying,  God  make  thee 

^  *  51^__/    like  thofe  two  Houfes  of  Parliament,  which  two, 

jpuary.      like  Leah  ar»d  Rachel,  did  build  the  Houfe  of  Ifrael ! 

'  May  you  do  worthily  in  Epbrata,  and  be  famous 
in  Beth/em  /  May  it  be  your  great  Bufmefs  to  pro- 
cure the  Peace,  the  Safety,  the  Profperity  of  thefe 
Three  Nations!  And  thefeThings,too,not  forthem- 
felves  only  ;  but  in  order  yet  to  greater  and  higher 
Ends,  the  Advancement  of  the  Kingdom  of  Chrlft 
amongft  us,  and  the  Glory  of  God,  in  the  Good  of 
all  Men,  but  efpecially  of  the  Churches  of  God 
amongft  Men  ;  which  as  they  are  God's  moft  pre- 
cious Jewels,  and  his  chiefeft  Care,  fo  muft  they 
alfo  hold  the  choiceft  Place  in  the  Eyes,  and  in 
the  Hearts,  of  all  them  that  act  under  him,  and  are 
cloathed  with  his  Power  and  Authority. 

'  In  order  to  this  great  and  glorious  End,  you  may 
pleafe,  in  the  firft  Place,  to  reflect  upon  the  Pofture 
that  the  Three  Nations  at  the  prefent  are  in  ;  a  Po- 
fture (God  be  praifed  !)  of  Peace,  as  within  them- 
felves  ;  a  quiet  Pofture  ;  a  Pofture  looking  towards 
a  Settlement;  a  perfect  Settlement;  and  the  bleffed 
Fruits  thereof  Juftice  and  Piety,  Plenty  and  Prolpe- 
rity  ;  if  we  take  Care  not  to  abufe  the  latter  to  the 
Deftru&ion  of  the  former :  Surely  we  ought,  with 
all  Thankfulnefs,  to  own  and  acknowledge  the  Out- 
goings of  God  for  Good  unto  us,  hitherto  :  We 
ought  to  confider  how  far,  through  the  good  Hand 
of  God  upon  the  Endeavours  of  his  Highnefs  and 
the  Parliament  before  its  Adjournment,  we  were  al- 
ready advanced  in  this  Way  and  Work. 

'  After,  you  may  pleafe  to  forefee  and  avoid  the 
dangerous  Rocks,  which  we  may  fall  upon  in  our 
Courfe;  which  may  not  only  ftop  it,  but  cut  it  (hort,. 
and  totally  difappoint  us  of  ever  arriving  at  the  de- 
fired  Port. 

4  In  the  next  Place,  you  may  confider  the  Op- 
portunities and  Advantages  you  have  at  this  Time 
in  your  Hands,  by  what  the  Parliament  hath  already 
done,  that  you  may  improve  them. 

'  And,  laftly,  you  may  caft  your  Eyes  upon  the 
Difficulties  we  lye  under,  and  the  Impediments 

which 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      177 

which  lie  in  our  Way,  that  you  may  endeavour  to 
remove  them. 

'  Thefe  Things  I  can  only  Ipeak  to  curforily  and 
generally  :  The  full  and  thorough  Confideration  of  **** 
tliem  will  be  the  Work  of  your  many  and  ferious 
Debates  and  Confultations  j  and  wilJ  eKercife  not 
only  your  Wifdom  and  Induftry,  but  alfo  your  Faith 
and  Patience  :  And  may  it  pleafe  the  Lord  to  ac- 
company you  with  his  Prefence  and  Affiftance,  and, 
in  the  End,  to  crown  you  with  his  Bleffing,  and 
with  Succefs  ! 

*  Into  what  Condition  the  late  Wars  and  Diftrac- 
tions  had  brought  thefe  Nations,  and  what  a  Cloud 
of  Darknefs  had  overfpread  the  whole  Face  of  the 
Government,  being  void,  and,  in  a  Manner,  with- 
out Form,  we  all  know,  and  the  Three  Nations  fad- 
ly  felt,  and  were  very  fenftble  of  thofe  future  Confu- 
fions  that  might  have  enfued  thereupon  :  But  it 
pleafed  God,  that  Light  fprang  up  among  us,  and 
Things  began  to  move  towards  fomething  of  Or<lef 
and  Confiftency;  but  as  yet  the  Earth  and  the 
Water  were  in  one  Mafc  together  :  Then  were  the 
Waters  beneath  the  Firmament  divided  from  thofe 
above  the  Firmament ;  there  was  conftituted  a 
Chief  Magiftrate  and  a  Parliament,  the  one  diftind 
from  the  other  ;  that  each  one,  from  its  own  proper 
Place,  might  the  better  put  forth  its  Influence  and 
Ufefulnefs  for  the  Good  of  the  whole. 

4  After,  it  pleafed  this  Parliament,  by  their  Hum- 
ble Petition  and  Advice,  to  diftmguifli  alfo  the  Par- 
liament into  two  Houfes  ;  and  that  great  and  noble 
Body  of  the  Waters  retiring  into  their  own  Recep- 
tacle, the  dry  Land  appeareth  :  And  what  now  re- 
mains, but  that,  by  the  fweet  Influence  of  that  pow- 
erful Spirit  that  moved  upon  the  Waters,  every 
Herb  (hould  bring  forth  Seed  according  to  its  Kind  ; 
and  every  Tree  bring  forth  Fruit  according  to  its 
Kind  ;  and  that  the  Sun,  Moon,  and  Stars,  the 
Ordinances  of  Magiftracy  and  Miniftry,  fhould 
ihine  forth  brightly  in  the  Firmament  of  Heaven, 
in  their  greater  and  lefler  Lights,  according  to  the 
Proportion  that  God  hath  difpenfed  to  each  one  ; 

VOL.  XXI.  M  and 


178      The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

and  that  Fifli  and  Fowl  fhould  multiply  in  the  Wa- 
ters  and  in  the  Air ;  and  Beafts  and  Cattle  of  all 
Sorts  increafe  in  the  Earth  ;  that  all  Trades,  all 
January.  profeffions>  an  Ranks  and  Degrees 'of  Men,  may 
be  fubfervier.t  to  that  Second  Adam  and  his  Spouie, 
Chrift  and  his  Church  ;  that  they  may  be  formed 
and  fet  up  amongft  us,  and  placed  in  a  Garden  of 
Eden;  where,  with  all  Freedom,  without  Fear  or 
Difturbance,  they  may  enjoy  ail  fpiritual  Delights, 
and  have  Communion  with  one  another  and  with 
God:  Which,  though  laft  in  Execution,  I  hope  al- 
ways was,  and  always  will  be,  the  firft  and  chiefeft 
in  our  Intentions. 

*  The  Holy  Angels  of  God,  when  the  Foundations 
of  the  Earth  were  laid,  did  not  fay,  Here  is  a  rude 
Mafs  of  Earth  and  Water ;  here  is  indeed  a  little 
Light;  but  where  is  Heaven,  Sun,  Moon,  and  Stars? 
Nay,  where  is  Man,  made  after  the  Image  of  God  ? 
But,  on  the  contrary,  as  'tis  witnefs'd  from  the  Mouth 
of  God  himfelf,  when  the  Foundations  of  the  World 
were  fattened,  and  only  the  Corner-Stone  thereof 
laid,  the  Morning  Stars  fang  all  together,  and  all  the 
Sons  of  God  fhouted  for  Joy.  From  hence  we  may 
difcover  one,  and  that  a  mod  dangerous,  Rock  ; 
which,  if  not  heeded,  we  may  fplit  upon  :  It  is  a 
Spirit  of  Difcontent,  and  Diflike  of  the  prefentDif- 
penfations  of  God,  becaufe  all  Things  are  not  per- 
fect in  an  Inftant,  and  fuch  as  is  to  be  wifh'd  they 
were,  and  fuch  as  poffibly,  in  God's  due  Time, 
they  may  be. 

'  If  the  prefent  Parliament,  at  their  firft  Meeting, 
had  given  Way  to  fuch  a  Spirit  as  that ;  and  had 
not,  God  affifting  them  fo  to  do,  on  the  contrary, 
put  on  a  Spirit  of  Patience  and  Refolution  to  re£ti  fy, 
as  far  as  in  them  lay,  what  was  amifs;  to  improve 
what  was  good,  and  to  make  the  beft  of  what  God 
laid  before  them  ;  preffing  on  to  Settlement  and 
Perfection,  as  God  fhould  open  them  a  Way,  with- 
out attending  either  to  Rumours  or  Humours  of  any 
Sort,  as  there  were  enough  of  all  Kinds  to  have  dif- 
couraged  them  and  diverted  them  in  their  Work  : 
I  fay,  if  they  had  given  Way  to  fuch  a  Spirit  as 

that, 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       179 

that,  I  know  not  where  we  might  have  been  by  this  inter- regnum. 
Time  :  But  now,  blefTed  be  God  !  we  know  where 
we  are  in  fome  Meafure ;  and  that  we  are  in  an 
hopeful  Way  of  Settlement,  Safety,  and  Profperity. 
You  did  run  well,  let  no  Man  hinder  you :  I  do 
not  know  that  it  would  be  an  uncharitable  Wifh, 
to  wifh  them  for  ever  cut  off  that  (hould  trouble  you, 
and  trouble  the  Peace  of  the  Nation  :  But  I  am  fure 
it  is  a  Chriftian  Wifh  and  Prayer,  to  bid  you  God 
fpced  in  your  Way  and  in  your  Work,  for  the  fur- 
ther Settlement  of  thefe  Nations  ;  being  confident, 
that  the  Child  unborn  will  have  Caufe  to  blefs  you 
for  what  you  have  already  done,  and  what,  by  God's 
Grace,  you  may  yet  further  do,  for  their  Good. 
Thofe  that  create  new  Troubles  in  a  Nation,  fel- 
dom  attain  either  the  Ends  held  forth  in  their  goodly 
Pretenfions,  or  indeed  aimed  at  in  their  good  Inten- 
tions, if  any  fuch  they  have  ;  but  ufually  fomething 
falleth  out,  in  the  End  of  the  Tragedy,  much  con- 
trary to  their  Expectation,  and  ordinarily  fomething 
of  greater  Mifchief  and  Confufion,  than  ever  they 
felt  before.  Thofe  that  throw  Fire  upon  an  Houfe 
cannot  fay,  when  the  Flame  is  once  broken  out, 
that  it  lhall  go  fo  far,  or  fo  far,  and  no  farther : 
The  Fire,  when  once  broken  forth,  will  after  take 
its  own  Courfc,  or  fuch  a  Way  as  fome  boifterous 
or  tempeftuous  Wind  (hall  carry  it.  Thofe  that 
(hall  pluck  up  the  Flood-Gates  of  the  great  Deep, 
and  let  in  the  furging  and  raging  Waves  of  War 
into  a  Nation,  cannot  flop  them  and  bound  them 
when  and  where  they  pleafe :  He  only  can  do  that 
who  firft  fet  Bounds  and  Doors  unto  them,  and 
faid,  Hitherto  fialt  thou  come^  and  no  farther  \  and 
here  flail  thy  proud  Waves  be  flayed.  Let  us 
therefore  beware  of  the  crafty  Devices  of  that  fubtle 
and  malicious  Serpent,  that  he  beguile  us  not;  and 
that  there  arife  not  in  any  of  us  an  evil  Heart  of  Un- 
belief, to  depart  from  our  Stedfaftnefs,  and  from  our 
fixed  Refolution  to  feek  Peace  and  enfue  it. 

<  There  is  an  evil  Root,  and  it  is  one  and  the 

fame  Root,  though  two  different  and  contrary  Fruits 

M  2  *Prmg 


180     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  fpring  from  it,  but  both  tending  to  one  and  the  fame 
t  — *—  ,  ^nc* »  whicn  is  to  overthrow  our  great  End,  the 
JanuaT  Peace  and  Quiet  of  thefe  Nations,  and  the  blefled 
Fruits  that  grow  upon  them,  more  precious  than 
the  Peace  itfelf,  though  that  be  a  great  Blefling  of, 
and  in,  itfelf.  This  Root  is  a  Root  of  Bitternefs 
and  Difcontent,  at  the  prefent  Difpenfations  of  God : 
The  different  Fruits  thereof  are  a  reftive  and  a  reft- 
lefs  Spirit:  The  former  caufeth  Men,  becaufe  they 
cannot  have  all  that  they  will,  and  when  they  will, 
to  throw  up  all  in  a  Difcontent ;  and  refufe  to  go 
God's  Way  and  God's  Pace,  becaufe  they  cannot 
go  their  own.  The  other  Spirit  caufeth  Men  to  be 
always  reftlefs,  to  be  always  digging  up  Founda- 
tions, to  be  turning  and  overturning,  and  difliking 
all  Things.  As  to  the  firft  Sort;  if  they  would  but 
confider  the  Example  of  the  great  Workman  and 
Creator  of  this  beautiful  Univerfe,  in  the  Order  and 
Manner  of  his  Creation  thereof,  they  might  therein 
behold,  as  in  a  Mirror,  the  perfect  Idea  of  the  Me- 
thod and  Manner  of  his  Working,  alfo  in  the  con- 
tinual Courfe  of  his  Providence,  in  the  Prefervation 
and  Government  of  the  World ;  and  might  be 
taught  how  to  order  their  Thoughts  and  themfelves, 
in  relation  to  the  gradual  Difpenfations  of  God ; 
and  learn  their  own  Duty,  as  they  are  called  to  act 
under  the  fame,  .and  in  Subferviency  thereunto. 
Not  only  God's  Reft,  but  alfo  his  Working,  was 
exemplary  j  as  God  refted  the  feventh  Day,  fo  mun: 
Men :  As  God  wrought  the  fix  Days,  fo  muft 
Men;  as  well  thofe  that  are  to  work  with  the  Head 
as  with  the  Hand  ;  as  well  Rich  as  Poor ;  as  well 
High  as  Low :  None  are  too  high  to  imitate  the 
Moft  High :  None  muft  be  idle ;  but  every  one 
muft  ferve  God  and  his  Country,  according  to  his 
Calling ;  and  that  Call  cannot  but  be  warrantable, 
which  is  neceflary ;  and  that  is  neceflary  which  God, 
by  his  Providence,  fo  orders,  that  a  Man  muft  a<£t 
'by  it,  or  not  at  all :  And  that  he  fhould  not  act  at 
all,  is  neither  agreeable  to  God's  Commandment, 
nor  his  Example. 

«  Thus, 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       181 

*  Thus,  as  to  the  Subftance  of  God's  Working  ;  inter-regnum. 
but  the  very  Order  and  Manner  of  it  hath  alfo  a  l6S7- 
Teaching  in  it.  ^T"'*""'"' 

*  No  doubt,  if  it  had  feemed  good  to  the  Divine  JMUXry> 
Wifdorn,  that  powerful  Breath,  which  called  fome- 

fhing  out  of  nothing,  could,  in  the  fame  Breath, 
and  in  the  fame  Inftant,  have  given  it  its  whole  and 
entire  Beauty  and  Perfection  :  But  he  was  plcafed 
to  create  it  by  Degrees,  and  to  proceed  from  one 
Meafure  of  Perfection  to  another.  When  he  had 
drawn  the  firft  Line  thereof,  he  did  not  diflike  his 
own  Work,  and  throw  it  up,  though  the  Earth 
was  void  and  without  Form,  and  Darknefc  was 
upon  the  Face  of  the  Deep,  but  went  on  to 
create  Light ;  and  though  it  was  ftill  mixed  with 
Darknefs,  even  before  he  had  divided  the  Darknefs 
from  the  Light,  he  faw  it  was  good :  And  fa,  at 
every  Period  of  his  Work,  he  owned  the  Good 
that  was  already  in  being,  and  then  went  on  till  he 
had  perfected  the  whole;  and,  when  he  had  viewed 
all  his  Works  together,  he  then  faw  they  were  all 
very  good.  What  fhould  this  teach  us,  but  that  we 
ihould  thankfully  own  and  receive  every  Degree  of 
Good  which  God  reacheth  forth  unto  us;  and  with 
Faith  and  Patience  wait  upon  his  Footfteps,  follow- 
ing him  from  one  Step  of  Perfection  to  another,  till 
we  arrive  at  the  End  of  his  Works ;  and  then,  as 
we  found  the  Parts  thereof  good,  we  (hall  find  them 
altogether  very  good  :  And  if  God,  who  could  have 
made  his  Works  perfect  in  an  Inftant,  yet  was 
pleafed  to  perfedl  them  by  Degrees,  furely  he  would 
have  us  learn  not  to  quarrel  at  the  Works  of  Men, 
if  they  are  not  all  perfect  in  a  Day :  Nay,  if  we 
will  take  God  for  our  Pattern,  (as  all  the  Excel- 
lency that  is  in  the  Creature  is  fo  far  forth,  as  there 
is  found  in  it  fome  Shadow  and  Rcfemblance  of  its 
Creator)  tho'  there  be  not  only  Defects,  but  alfo  real 
Evils  in  Things,  yet  Men  ought  not  to  fit  ftill,  and 
let  them  take  their  Courfe,  but  to  endeavour  to 
amend  them  if  they  can ;  or  otherwife  to  draw 
Good  out  of  them  if  they  may :  For  although  to. 
do  Evil,  that  Good  may  come  out  of  it,  is  a  Doc- 
M  3  trine 


1 8 2       The  Parliamentary  Hi s TOR  Y 

Inter-regnum.  trine  of  Devils;  yet,  to  draw  Good  out  of  Evil,  is 
l657»  an  high  Imitation  of  God. 

V'T^7"-'  *  As  to  that  other  Sort  of  Spirit,  that  is  over  bufy 
and  always  turning  up  Foundations,  I  might  have 
forborne  to  fay  any  thing  of  it  to  you,  unto  whom  I 
addrefs  my  Speech,  as  in  relation  to  yourfelves  ;  for 
that  either  you  yourfelves  have  adviied  the  fettling 
that  Foundation  we  now  ftand  upon,  or  elfe  are 
laid  upon  it,  or  at  leaft  are,  or  ihould  be,  all 
fworn  to  it :  And  as  to  others,  who  would  build 
upon  contrary  Foundations,  or  upon  no  certain 
Foundation,  departing  from,  and  not  perfecting, 
that  which  is  already  fo  well  laid,  (which  may 
be  equally  deftruc"live  to  our  great  and  good  End 
of  Settlement)  I  need  not  fay  much  to  them 
neither :  For  thofe  which  conceit  either  Utopia's 
of  I  know  not  what  Kind  of  imaginary  Common- 
wealths, or  Day-Dreams  of  the  Return  of  I  know 
not  what  Golden  Age  with  the  old  Line ;  their  No- 
tions are  rather  bottomed  in  Conceit  than  in  Rea- 
fon,  and  muft  rather  be  worn  out  by  Experience 
than  argued  down  by  Reafon ;  for,  when  they  come 
to  be  put  in  Practice,  they  prefently  difcover  their 
Weaknefs  and  Inconfiftency,  and  that  they  are  al- 
together unpra&icable  and  infeafible,  or  of  very 
fhort  Durance  and  Continuance,  as  hath  appeared 
fo  often  as  they  have  been  afiayed  or  attempted  : 
Nay,  as  to  the  latter,  there  feemeth  to  be  ri  &HOV, 
aliquid  Divini,  to  the  contrary  ;  there  having  been 
fo  conftant  and  ftrong;  a  Current  of  Providences 
againft  it,  that  whofoever  have  attempted  to  ftem 
that  Tide,  have  not  only  been  carried  violently  back 
again,  but  alfo  driven  upon  Rocks,  whereupon  they 
have  (hipwreck'd  themfelves  in  the  Attempt ;  not 
unlike  to  thofe  Jews  whom  Julian  the  Apoftate,  in 
Defpight  of  Chrift,  fet  to  rebuild  the  Temple  at 
Jerusalem  upon  its  old  Foundations,  put  of  which 
Balls  of  Wild-fire  ifiuing  forth,  affrighted  and  de- 
ftroyed  the  Workmen,  and  made  them  defift  from 
their  Work.  Indeed  our  Author  and  the  Party 
amongft  us  doth  the  like  ;  becaufe  an  Heathen,  and 
,  a  great  Friend  of  Julian,  would  not  acknowledge 

the 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       183 

the  Hand  of  God  in  it,  bait  imputed  it  to  a  firong  later-regnum. 
Accident,  to  the  Pertinacy  of  the  Klemcnt ;   Perti-        l657- 
nacla  Element'^  crebris  Infultil>ust  territit  Optra) ios ;    *— -v~— ' 
yet  it  made  them  dclift  from  their  Work  :   But  fo      I10""?* 
will  not  that  Party  amongft  us:  No  Demonftrations 
of  God's  Hand  againft  them  will  prevail  with  them ; 
but,   furpafling  in  Obftinacy  the  very  Jtius  them- 
felves, they  will  not  leave  off  their  Work,  but  are 
as  hard  at  it,  even  at  this  Day,  as  ever.     What 
lhall  we  do  with  thofe  Men  who  will  never  be  quiet? 
JEger  intemperans  crudelem  facit  Medicum,   et  im- 
medicabile  Vulnus  Enfe  recidendum* 

4  There  is  another  Rock,  and  it  is  alfo  a  danger- 
ous one ;  it  is  a  Rock  upon  which  many  have  fplit 
themfelves  in  our  View ;  and  it  hath,  lying  right 
over  againft  it,  a  Quickfand,  no  lefs  dangerous, 
which  hath  fwallowed  many  alfo  in  our  Sight :  The 
Rock  is  a  Spirit  of  impofing  upon  Men's  Con- 
fciences,  where  God  leaves  them  a  Latitude,  and 
would  have  them  free :  The  Quickfand  is  an  abo- 
minable Licentioufnefs,  to  profefs  and  pradlife  any 
Sort  of  deteftable  Opinions  and  Principles  :  For  the 
former,  the  Prelates  and  all  their  Adherents,  nay, 
and  their  Mafter  and  Supporter  too,  with  all  his 
Pofterity,  have  fplit  themfelves  upon  it.  The  bloody 
Rebels  in  Ireland^  that  would  endure  no  Religion 
but  their  own  amongft  them,  have  fplit  themfelves 
upon  it :  And  we  doubt  not  but  that  the  Prince  of 
thofe  Satanical  Spirits,  under  whofe  Banner,  being 
caft  out  from  hence,  they  are  now  retired  as  unto 
their  Beelzebub^  will,  in  God's  good  Time,  fplit 
himfelf  alfo  upon  this  Rock  ;  and  be  brought  down 
to  the  Ground,  together  with  his  bloody  Inquifuion, 
which  therefore  hath  acquired  the  Surname  of  the 
Spanijh  Inquifition. 

4  But  as  God  is  no  Refpc&er  of  Perfons,  fo  nei- 
ther is  he  any  Refpe&er  of  Forms  ;  but  in  what 
Form  foever  this  Spirit  appearcth,  he  hath,  he  will, 
teftify  his  Difpleafure  againft  it,  though  it  be  not  of 
fo  deep  a  Dye  as  that  I  have  fpoken  of  before :  If 
Men,  though  othcrwife  good  Men,  will  turn  Cere- 
mony into  Subftance,  and  make  the  Kingdom  of 

Cbri/l 


184       *£he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter-regnuou  Cbrift  to  confift  in  Circumftances,  in  Difciplines, 
in  Forms  (though  thefe  Things  alfo  may  have  their 
Ufe,  as  to  Order  and  Decency,  fo  they  be  ftrained 
no  farther,  and  not  carried  beyond  their  Line  and4 
Meafure) :  But,  I  fay,  if  Uniformity  in  thefe 
Things  fhall  diflblve  Unity  among  Brethren ;  and 
efpecially  if  it  grow  to.  fuch  a  Height  of  Animofity, 
and  fo  high  a  Degree  of  Afperity,  that  if  one  fay 
but  Siboletb  inftead  of  Sbiboleth,  it  fhall  be  accounted 
Ground  enough  to  cut  his  Throat,  though  one  of 
his  Brethren  ;  if  any  Men  fhall  account  all  as  Hea- 
thens, and  no  Chriftians,  that  are  not  under  fuch 
or  fuch  an  Ordinance;  all  Men  Devils,  that  are 
out  of  fuch  a  Circle,  and  fuch  a  Form;  and  all  Men 
the  Seed  of  the  Serpent,  that  will  not  father  fuch 
or  fuch  an  Opinion,  (it  may  be  but  Fancies  too, 
when  all  is  done)  fuch  Principles,  fuch  Practices, 
Men  cannot  bear,  God  will  not  endure :  And  in 
vain  do  they  proteft  againft  the  Perfecution  of 
God's  People,  when,  as  eagerly  perfecuting  all 
others,  they  make  the  Definition  of  God's  People 
fo  narrow,  that  their  Perfecution  becometh  as  broad 
as  any  others ;  and  ufually  more  fierce,  becaufe  or- 
dinarily edged  with  a  fharper  Temper  of  Spirit.  It 
jnay  be  that  many  amongft  thefe  fhall,  by  God's 
Mercy,  meet  together  in  Heaven ;  but  certainly, 
had  they  Power  at  Will,  they  would  not  fuffer  one 
another  to  live  upon  the  Earth  :  Therefore,  blefled 
be  God,  who,  in  Mercy  to  us  and  them,  hath 
placed  the  Power  in  fuch  Hands,  as  make  it  their 
Bufmefs  to  keep  Peace  amongft  them,  and  to  hinder 
them  from  biting  and  devouring  one  another:  Nay, 
he  is  pleafed  tacitly  to  influence  fome  amongft  them- 
felves,  of  more  moderate  Spirits,  to  balance  the  reft, 
and  to  keep  them  in  Peace  at  prefent ;  and  not 
•without  Hopes,  by  God's  Blefling  upon  their  Per- 
ftiafions  and  Examples,  to  bring  them  at  length  to 
a  near  Conjunction  ef  Hearts  and  of  Minds :  And 
if  thofe  that  are  more  eaineft  amongft  them,  would 
be  but  a  little  jealous  over  their  own  Spirits,  and 
\vould  but  obferve  the  Rebukes  of  God  upon  all 
that  have  been  tranfported  unto  thofe  Extremes, 

and 


Of    ENGLAND.        185 

?nd  trace  the  Footfteps  of  his  Initiation  againft 
then),  (whereof  he  h-arh  left  feveial  Prints  ir>  a-lf  the 
Three  Nations)  it  might  he  a  good  Help  to  reduce  ^ 
them  to  that  Golden  Mean,  which  certainly  is  the 
right  Way,  which  undoubtedly  is  God's  Way : 
God  was  not  in  the  Whirlwind,  nor  in  th«  Earth- 
quake, nor  in  the  Fire,  when  he  came  to  Elijah,  6A 
the  Mount  of  God  ;  but  he  was  in  theftill  and  finall 
Voice;  yet  it  mult  be  a  fmall  and  ftill  Voice,  enough 
to  hold  forth  a  certain  and  dittindt  Sound,  but  not  f* 
make  fo  great  a  Noife  as  to  drown  all  other  Voices 
befides  :  It  is  good,  it  is  ufeful,  to  hold  forth  a  cet-  • 

tain  Confeffion  of  th«  Truth  j  but  not  fo  as  thereby 
to  exclude  all  tbofe  that  cannot  come  up  to  it,  in  aft 
Points,  from  the  Privileges  which  belong  to  them  as 
Chriftians ;  much  lefe  which  belong  to  them  a»  Men. 

4  For  that  otrurr  Extreme,  that  Gi»)ph  and 
Quickfand  whereupon  fo  many  wretched  Souls  have 
made  Shipwreck  of  Faith  and  a  good  Conference, 
abandoning  themfelves  to  all  Loofenefs  of  Opinions, 
Principles,  and  Practices ;  denying  and  bbfpheming 
the  Lord  that  bought  us,  and  the  Holy  Spirit  that 
famSlified  us  ;  making  z  Mock  of  the  Scriptures,  of 
Heaven  and  Hell,  and  of  all  the  Fundamentals  «f 
our  moft  Holy  Faith,  I  need  not  fpeak  more  to  it ; 
there  is  Te/limonium  Rei  in  the  Cafe ;  the  Things 
themfelves  fpeafc  Joud  enough,  to  fober  Conferences, 
that  they  are  intolerable. 

'  Between  thefe  two,  that  Rock  and  this  Quick- 
fand,  the  Parliament,  in  their  Humble  Petition  and 
Advice,  have  moft  wifely  and  moft  chriftianlir 
fleered  their  Courfe;  wherein,  rf  they  (hall  ftill 
conftantly  perfevere,  all  good  Men  in  City,  tn 
Country,  in  Army,  and  every  where;  nay,  God 
himfelf  will  ftand  by  them,  and  own  them  in  rt: 
And  not  only  in  Matters  of  Religion,  but  alfo  in  our 
Civil  Concerns  and  Liberties,  we  have  a  very  fair 
Way  traced  out  to  us  by  the  Parliament,  to  fettle 
and  fecure  them  both,  and  make  the  Three  Nations 
happy  thereby  ;  if  fome  therein  would  btrt  rectify 
their  Opinions,  and  bring  them  to  Things  as  God 
would  have  them,  and  not  ftrivc  to  bring  Things 

with 


1 86     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  with  fo  much  Hazard  and  Difficulty  to  their  Opi- 
l657-        nions  j  like  one  that,  being  fcorched  with  ftanding 

VT""v'p1<1'1    too  near  the  Fire,  rather  than  ftir  an  Inch  from  the 

January.       pjace  wnere  he  hath  fet  down  his  Foot,  cafts  about 

for  Mafons  and  Workmen  to  pull  the  Houfe  down, 

that  fo  he  may  fet  the  Chimney  further  off  from 

him. 

'  Give  me  Leave  to  fpeak  one  Word  more  in  this 
familiar  Way  of  Expreffion,  in  the  Dialect,  and  to 
the  Senfe  and  Experience,  of  every  plain  Country- 
man. 

.  '  The  late  Wars  and  Confufions  had   fo  trod 

and  trampled  down  the  Quickwood,  whereby  the 
Hedge  was  made  to  fence  in  our  Laws  and  Liber- 
ties, that  there  is  a  Neceflity  of  fetting  it  over  again  : 
Now  fome  will  admit  of  no  other  Way  but  to  fet  the 
very  fame  old  Plants  in  the  very  felf-fame  old  Bank  : 
Others  run  fo  far  to  the  Extreme  on  the  other  Side, 
that  they  will  have  none  of  the  old  Sets,  none  of 
the  old  Bank,  no  Bank  at  all ;  but  will  have  their 
Fence  fet  upon  a  Level,  and  upon  the  plain  Ground. 
A  third  Sort  like  a  middle  Way;  as  on  the  one  Side 
not  to  meddle  with  the  old,  dry,  and  dead  Bank  ; 
for  that,  upon  often  Eflays  and  Treaties,  it  hath 
been  found  the  Sets  will  not  take  in  it ;  fo,  on  the 
other  Side,  not  to  fet  them  upon  the  plain  Ground, 
left  the  Beafts,  and  the  Herds,  and  Flocks  fhould 
tread  them  down  at  every  Turn,  as  they  pafs  to 
and  fro,  according  as.  their  Food  and  Fancy  leads 
them  j  but  to  place  the  Sets  in  two  Tables,  upon  a 
Bank,  railed  up  as  before,  but  of  frefh  and  live 
Mould ;  and  to  make  Ufe  of  all  Plants,  both  old 
and  new,  that  will  take  to  the  frefh  Ground,  and 
thrive  in  it.  The  Country  Man  finds  this  no  ill 
Hufbandry  in  his  Way ;  and  we  may  find  the  like 
no  ill  Policy  in  our  Way  :  And,  truly,  if  it  pleafe 
the  Lord  to  water  our  new-fet  Plants  with  the  Dews 
of  Heaven  ;  and  that,  by  our  own  Difcord  amongft 
ourfelves,  falling  one  from  another,  and  from  the 
Banks  we  ftand  upon,  we  do  not  open  Gaps  for 
them  who  would  make  a  Breach  in  our  Mound ;  we 

have 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       187 

have  great  Opportunities  and  Advantages,  by  what 
the  Parliament  hath  already  done,  to  fettle  a  firm 
and  lading  Fence  about  our  Liberties,  both  Civil 
and  Spiritual;  and  fuch  a  one  as  no  Beafts  of  the 
Field,  neither  great  nor  fmall,  no  Perfons  whatfo- 
ever,  neither  high  nor  low,  (hall  be  able  to  pafs 
through  it,  or  get  over  it,  or  tread  it  down  :  But 
then  we  muft  beware  and  take  Heed  of  the  fubtle 
Devices  of  fuch,  who,  defigning  to  deftroy  it,  judge, 
and  not  without  Reafon,  they  have  no  fuch  Time 
to  compafs  their  Purpole,  as  to  difturb  and  diftra& 
our  Settlement  in  the  Infancy  thereof,  before  the  two 
Rows  of  Sets  have  taken  deep  Root  in  the  Bank,  and 
before  they  be  grown  up  together,  and  are  inter- 
weaved  and  plained  one  into  the  other.  For  then, 
they  fear  it  will  be  too  late  to  do  it ;  the  Fence  will 
be  grown  ftrong,  like  a  treble  Cord,  which  cannot 
eafily  be  broken,  unlefs  they  can  untwift  it  and  un- 
ravel it  again  :  Which,  after  fome  Time  and  Con- 
tinuance, and  the  mutual  Intercourfes  of  Love  and 
Expeiience  of  each  other's  Ufefulnefs  to  one  another, 
and  to  the  Commonwealth,  it  will  not  be  eafy  for 
them  to  do. 

*  Therefore  we  muft  have  an  Eye  not  only  to  the 
wild  Boars  of  the  Foreft,  that  they  root  not  up  our 
Fence,    but  alfo  to  the  Foxes.     Ob,  take  us  thofey 
thofe  little  Foxes  which  fpoil  the    Vines  \  for   our 
Vine  bath  tender  Grapes!  Let  the  Chief  Magiftrate 
and  the  two  Houfes  of  Pailiament  efteem  each  other 
as  Bone  of  their  Bone,  and  Flefli  of  their  Fle(h  : 
Let  them  be  of  one  Heart,  and  like  the  Form  and 
Figure  of  an  Heart,  which,   tho'  triangular,  is  but 
one  Heart :  Let  there  be  one  Mind,  one  Soul,  and 
one  Spirit,  that  may  a6l  and  animate  the  whole,  and 
every  Part;  and  be  whole  in  the  Whole,  and  whole 
in  every  Part :    Let  one  and  the  fame  good  Blood 
run  in  and  through  them  all,  and,    by  a  perpetual 
Circulation,  preferve  the  whole,  and  every  Part,  in 
perfect  Unity,  Strength,  and  Vigour. 

*  This  Conftitution  of  a  Chief  Magiftrate  and 
Two  Houfes  of  Parliament,  is  not  a  Pageantry,  but 
a  real  and  well-meafured  Advantage  to  itfelf,  and  to 

the 


1 88  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 
later-regmtm.  the  Commonwealth  ;  and  fo  confonant  to  Reafon, 
that  it  is  the  very  Emblem  and  Idea  of  Reafon  itfelf, 
which  reafoneth  and  difcourfeth  by  a  Medium  be- 
tween two  Extremes.  If  there  be  two  Extremes, 
and  the  one  vary  from  the  other,  how  fhall  they  be 
reconciled,  if  there  be  no  Medium  to  bring  them  to- 
gether ?  Where  one  cannot  prevail  with  one,  two 
may  with  a  third :  Where  one  Foot  flippeth,  in- 
deed the  other  may  keep  the  Body  from  falling ;  but 
if  both  be  tripped  up,  and  it  fall,  what  {hall  relieve 
it,  if  there  be  not  a  third  to  put  forth  a  Hand  to 
help  it  up  again  ?  If  one  be  aflaulted,  will  not  the 
other  be  concerned  in  it,  and  run  to  its  Defence  ? 
But  if  both  be  attempted  and  expofed  to  Violence, 
will  they  not  ftand  in  Need  of  a  Protestor  ?  If  forne 
Hazard  muft  be  run  in  popular  Elections,  to  pre- 
ierve  the  People's  Freedoms,  may  there  not  be  fome 
Help  therein  by  the  Election  of  a  Chief  Magiftrate, 
that  it  turn  not  at  any  Time  to  its  own  Prejudice  ? 
If  any  Thing  inconvenient  ftxxuld  chance  to  flip  out 
at  one  Door,  muft  it  not  pafs  two  more,  before  it 
come  abroad  to  the  Detriment  of  the  People  r" 
How  exact,  and  of  how  great  Refpect  and  Authori- 
ty, will  be  all  your  Acts,  Laws,  and  Refolutions  ; 
when  as,  after  that  they  have  pafled  the  Examina- 
tion of  that  great  Body,  which  fees  with  the  Eyes  of 
the  Three  Nations,  and  is  acquainted  with  the  Con- 
dition, and  fenfible  of  the  Neceflities,  of  every  in- 
dividual Part  thereof,  they  {hall  then  pafs  a  fecond 
Scrutiny,  and  be  publifhed  and  refined  by  fuch  as, 
during  Life,  fliall  make  it  their  Bufmefs  either  to  fit 
themfelves  for,  or  to  be  exercifed  in,  Things  of  that 
Nature;  being  alfo  affifted  by  all  the  Reverend 
Judges  of  the  Land,  and  other  learned  Perfons  of 
that  Robe,  fo  oft  as  there  {ball  be  Oecafion  to  re- 
quire their  Advice ;  and  when,  as  after  all  this,  they 
*nuft  pafs  alfo  the  Judgment  and  Aflfent  of  the  Chief 
Magiftrate,  who  is  placed  on  high  as  upon  a  Watch- 
Tower,  from  whence  he  may  behold  at  one  View, 
and  difcover  the  State  of  the  whole  Body  Politic 
and  every  Part  thereof;  and  fee  not  only  near  at  hand, 
but  alfo  afar  off,  how  it  ftandeth  in  relation  to  Fo- 
reign 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         189 

reign  States,  as  well  as  to  its  own  Parts  within  it- 
felf. 

*  I  might  enlarge  much  more  on  this  Subject :  And 
it  is  not  to  be  forgotten  that  each  Houfe  taking  a  Januar>'' 
more  fpecial  Care  of  what  is  moft  proper  for  it,  and 
it  moft  proper  for,  whilft  the  Reprefentative  of  the 
Commons  provideth  and  ftrengtheneth  the  Sinews 
of  War  to  preferve  the  Commonwealth  from  Dc- 
ftruclion  in  Grofs,  by  public  Force  and  Violence, 
the  other  Houfe  will  preferve  it  from  Deftru&ion  by 
Retale,  through  the  due  Adminiftration  of  Juftice, 
fuppreffing  private  Wrongs  and  Oppreffions,  which 
would  foon  break  out  into  open  Flames  and  public 
Rapines,  if  they  were  not  prevented  by  the  Courts 
of  Judicature  ;  whereof  the  higheft  and  laft  Reibrt 
is  there :  But  I  fhall  leave  what  is  omitted  in  this 
Point  to  Time  and  Experience  ;  which  I  ana  con- 
fident will  fpeak  more  fully,  and  more  effecluaHy^ 
and  convincingly,  than  the  Tongue  of  any  Man  can 
fet  forth. 

4  And  fo  I  pafs  on  to  the  laft  Point,  and  ihall 
briefly  touch  on  fome  Difficulties  and  Impediments, 
which  we  may  meet  with  in  our  Way.  And  the 
firft,  that  fome  may  be  in  Danger  to  ftumble  at,  is, 
the  Apprehenfion  of  Novelty  in  this  Conftitution, 
becaufe  it  is  not  in  every  Point  agreeable  to  what 
was  before.  For  Removal  hereof,  let  us  confider, 
that  neither  is  the  Condition  of  the  Nation  at  preient, 
as  it  was  before ;  and,  it  may  be,  it  is  not  good  it 
fhould  be  fo,  or,  at  leaft,  that  it  is  jaot  God'*  Will 
it  fhould  be  fo.  It  is  rather  little  lefs  than  a  Miracle, 
that,  after  fo  great  Shakings  and  Confulions,  it fhoulJ 
fo  Toon  come  to  that  State  that  it  is  already  in :  And 
if  we  well  and  wifely  confider  how  great  Variety  of 
Humours  and  Judgments,  and  what  different  Inte- 
reils  and  Powers  thefc  Wars  have  raifed  amongil  us, 
and  how  differently  placed  and  lodged  from  that 
which  was  before,  it  ia  no  Wonder  if  every  one 
cannot  have  what  he  thinks  beft  in  his  Judgment  to 
be  done,  but  ought  rather  to  -content  Jiimfelf  with 
what  he  may  think  next  beft  to  that  which  -is  firft  in 
his  Judgment,  which  probably  may  he  belt  of  all 

rn 


190     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

later-regnum.  in  itfelf ;  for  that  every  one  is  a  partial  Judge,  as 
l6S7-        to  that  Thing  that  hath  taken  the  firfc  Imprcffion  in 

*Tn^""""'  his  Mind,  and  fo  pafled  into  a  prejudicate  Opinion: 
January.  g^  above  all,  we  muft  have  the  Peace  and  Settle- 
ment of  the  Nations,  quacunque  data  Via^  as  a  Pole 
or  Star  before  our  Eyes,  fleering  our  Courfe  there- 
by, without  giving  Ear  to  the  enchanting  Songs  of 
any  Syrens;  and  without  giving  Way  to  any  Sug- 
geftions  of  Indignation,  which  proud  Flefli  may  af- 
fault  our  Minds  withall ;  but  with  generous  Refo- 
lutions  prefs  on  to  Settlement,  conquering  our 
Temptations  and  fubduing  our  own  Spirits,  if  in 
any  Thing,  at  any  Time,  they  (hall  rife  againft  this 
Work ;  whereby  we  (hall  gain  more  true  Honour 
before  Men  and  before  God,  than  if  we  had  fub- 
dued  a  City,  than  if  we  had  conquered  a  Nation  : 
And  indeed  we  (hall  do  no  lefs  thereby  than  preferve 
Three  Nations. 

'  Another  Difficulty  arifeth  unto  us  from  the  Dif- 
fatisfadlion  of  fome  of  our  antient  Friends,  who  have 
been,  and  ftill  might  be,  ufeful  to  us,  in  the  Work 
which  we  have  now  in  Hand  ;  which  if  it  be  not  a 
greater  Difficulty  unto  us  th;>n  that  of  our  fecret 
and  open  Enemies,  of  whom  I  (hall  fpeak  anon,  it 
is  a  greater  Trouble  and  Grief  to  us,  becaufe  that 
we  love  them  fo  much,  and  fear  the  other  fo  little  ; 
not  that  they  are  not  a  formidable  Enemy  ;  but  now, 
by  the  Conjunction  of  our  late  inbred  Enemy  with 
that  old  Enemy  of  our  Nation  and  Religion,  and  of 
God  himfelf,  who  is  our  Hope,  and  chiefeft  Help, 
we  fhall  have  God  a  greater  and  clofer  Friend  unto 
us,  becaufe  we  have  to  do  with  his  greateft  Enemy  : 
But  for  thofe  of  our  Friends,  who  content  them- 
felves  with  their  Privacy  and  Country  Retirements, 
in  thefe  great  Difficulties  of  the  Commonwealth  : 
For  the  Divijions  of  Reuben  there  are  great  Thoughts 
of  Heart.  Why  abide/t  thou  among  the  Sheepfolds 
to  hear  the  Bleating  of  the  Flocks  ?  Surety,  for  the 
Divifions  of  Reuben  there  are  great  Searching!  of 
Heart  /  How  Jhall  we  bind  up  the  Wounds  we  re- 
ceive in  the  Houfe  of  our  Friend  ?  What  Jhall  we  do 
for  our  Sijier  that  hath  no  Ereajls  j  that  will  afford 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         191 

no  Milk  ?  If  Jhe  be  a  Wall,  we  will  build  a  Palace  inter- regnum. 
of  Silver  upon  her  ;  and,  if  Jhe  be  a  Door,  we  will  l6S7- 
enclofe  her  with  Boards  of  Cedar :  If  they  will  ^T"^™1^ 
give  us  any  Foundation  to  work  upon,  we  will  Jam 
build  upon  it ;  we  will  improve  it ;  we  will  multiply 
Obligations  upon  them  ;  we  will  heap  Coals  of  Fire 
upon  their  Heads :  If  they  will  not  let  us  follow 
them,  let  them  follow  us  ;  we  will  either  lead  or 
follow  in  the  Work  of  God  :  And  if  our  Words 
cannot  convince  them,  we  will  endeavour  that  our 
Works  may  do  it.  And,  what  we  cannot  do  our- 
felves,  we  will  pray  to  God  to  do  for  us,  and  to  find 
out  Ways,  which  we  cannot,  to  re-unite  our  Hearts 
and  Hands,  who  have  been  engaged  together  in  the 
fame  Caufe,  and  are  ftill  embark'd  in  the  fame  Bot- 
tom, and  muft  fink  and  fwim,  muft  run  the  fame 
Hazard  and  Fortune  together;  I  mean  the  fame 
Hue  and  Event  of  God's  Providence  towards  us, 
whether  it  be  for  Good,  or  whether  it  be  for  Evil. 
As  to  our  Enemies,  both  fecret  and  open,  they  arc? 
continually  plotting  and  contriving  to  create  us  all 
the  Trouble  that  they  can ;  and  want  not  Means  for 
to  affect  it,  our  home-bred  Enemies  being  now  iu< 
Conjunction  with  that  our  great  foreign  Enemy,  who 
vaunt  themfelves  of  their  King,  that  he  poflefletb 
more  Riches,  more  Crowns,  and  more  Dominions, 
than  ever  any  Chriftian  Prince  did ;  and  that  his- 
Empire  is  ten  Times  greater  than  that  of  the  Great 
Turk,  and  larger  than  ever  was  that  of  the  Romans ; 
and  that  he  might,  more  juftly  than  the  Per/tan 
King,  ftyle  himfeJf  King  of  Kings,  Brother  of  the 
Sun  and  the  Moon ;  and  that  the  Sun  never  fets  upon 
his  Dominions,  and  the  like  :  And  yet,  to  all  theie 
Riches  and  to  all  this  Power,  to  all  thefe  Titles,  we 
are  not  afraid  to  oppofe  the  one  fmgle  Name  of  the 
Lord  our  God  :  And  if  it  do  not  diminifli  our  Dif- 
ficulty, yet  it  doth  not  a  little  eafe  our  Minds,  that 
all  our  Enemies  are  reduced  to  that  Head,  which 
profefleth  himfelf  to  be  the  Head  of  that  Anti- 
chriftian  Faction,  which  oppofeth  all  the  Chriftian 
Churches  in  the  World  ;  and  would  keep  and  bring: 
them  under  thq  Iron  Yoke  of  his  bloody  Inquifition : 

And 


1 9 2     Tfoe  Parliamentary  Hi  s  f  o  R  y 

Inter-regnum.  And  every  Blow  that  we  flial!  level  at  that  Head,  hi 
^     ''        way  of  Defence  or  Offence,  will,  in  fome  Propor- 
January.      tion,  rewound  to  the  Advantage  of  all  good  Chri- 
ftians  throughout  the  World. 

*  And  now  it  would  he  very  ftrange,  if  all  good 
Men  ftiould  not  fee,  and  be  convinced,  what  Thread 
if  was  that  run  all  along  through  our  Quarrel  in  the 
late  Wars  :  And  though,  at  firft,  it  was  more  finely 
fpun,  and  more  clofely  wrought,  that  it  could  not 
fo  eafily  be  difcerned ;  yet,  now  that  it  is  unravell'd 
to  its  Bottom,  it  more  clearly  difirovereth  its  Rife 
fey  its  Refort :  And  if  the  Inrere-ft  of  that  Party  (hall 
be  again  inthroned  amougft  us,  arid  brought  in  upori 
the  Wings  of  that  double-h&aded  Black  Eagle,  or 
rather  Vuiture,  what  will  become  of  the  pofcw 
JLambs  of  Chri/1  ?  What  can  we  expedt,  but,  ac- 
cording to  the  Agreement  between  them,  a  Tolera- 
tion of  Popery  in  England  and  Scotland)  and  a  Pro- 
feflion  and  Protection  of  it  in  Ireland,  with  an  Inun- 
dation of  Loofenefs  and  Profanenefs  on  the  one  Side$ 
and  of  Tyranny  and  Oppreffion  on  the  other  ?  We 
cught  then  to  believe  ;  and  we  have  good  Ground  to 
reft  our  Faith  upon :  But,  Cum  Deo  movenda  eft 
Manus,  we  ought  fo  to  believe,  as  though  we  had 
made  no  Provifion  at  all ;  and  yet  we  ought  fo  to 
make  Provifion,  in  Subferviency  to  God's  Provi- 
dence, as  if  we  did  not  believe  at  all.  And  his 
Highnefs  doth  acknowledge  the  great  Care  and  Pro- 
vifion of  the  Parliament,  for  the  carrying  on  of  this 
War,  in  purfuance  of  their  moft  Chriftian  arid  truly 
•Englijh  Spirit  and  Refolution,  in  owning  that  Quar- 
rel againft  that  old  Enemy  of  their  Religion,  and  of 
their  Nation :  Yet  I  muft  acquaint  you,  That  the 
Supplies  granted  have  fallen  {bort  of  the  Common- 
wealth's Neceflities ;  becaule,  indeed,  they  .have 
fallen  flaort  of  the  Parliament's  own  Expectations, 
according  tp  the  loweft  Eftimate  that  they  were 
reckoned  at  j  efpecially  thatpf  the  New  Buildings a : 

Wherein 

a  By  an  Aft  patted  this  Parliament,  (the  PrcaRjbk  to  v,-hich  re- 
cites that  the  exceflive  Number  of  Houfes  newly  built,  in  the  City  and 
Suburbs  of  London,  and  Parts  adjoining,  were  founjj  to  be  very  mif- 
chievous  anti  inconvenient,  and  a  fret*  Nufmce  to  the  C«mn«m- 

•tthh) 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       193 

Wherein  what  have  been  the  particular  Obftruc-  Inter-regnum. 

tions,  and  what  may  be  the  proper  Remedies,  as  ' 

alfo  the  full  and  perfect  State  of  the  Revenue,  you    ^7^7*^ 

will  particularly  underftand  from  the  Lords  Com- 

miflioners  of  the  Treafury,  and  fuch  other  Perfons 

as  his  Highnefs  will  appoint  to  inform  you  therein; 

which  cannot  be  expecled  at  this  Time  from  me, 

who  have  already  held  you  too  long,  andTpent  too 

much  of  your  Time,  and  tired  out  your  Patience, 

which  you  will  have  Occafion  enough  to  make  ufe 

of  to  better  Purpofes. 

4  This  only  I  fhall  add  before  I  conclude,  That 
though  I  fhall  not,  I  mu'ft  not,  I  dare  not,  flatter 
Man  in  the  Prefence  of  God,  (and  his  Prefence  is 
more  than  ordinary  in  fuch  Aflemblies  as  this)  yet 
you  all  know,  and  the  Three  Nations  know,  and 
all  the  Nations  round  about  us  know,  that  the 
Quiet,  the  Peace,  and  Welfare  of  thefe  Nations 
doth  at  prefent,  in  great  Meafure,  under  God,  de- 
pend upon  his  Highnefs's  Life  :  And  therefore,  with 
Hearts  and  Hands  lifted  up  to  Heaven,  let  us  pray 
for  the  Continuance  of  it,  and  of  the  Influences  of 
God's  gracious  Spirit  upon  his  Mind  and  Heart,  for 
the  Weal  and  good  Government  of  thefe  Nations. 

Then  addrejjing   himfelf  particularly  to  the  Lord 
he 


*  Sir,  whatever  you  are  or  (hall  be;  whatever  you 

have  done  or  fhall  do  ;  and  whatever  Abilities  you 

VOL.  XXI.  N  are 

wealth)  it  was  enafled,  '  That  for  every  Dwelling-Houfc,  or  other 
Building,  creeled  upon  any  new  Foundation  in  the  laid  City,  or 
within  ten  Miles  thereof,  finee  the  2jth  of  March,  1620,  and  not 
having  four  Acres  of  Land,  at  leaft,  occupied  therewith,  according 
to  the  Statute  De  Terris  menjurandit,  there  fliould  be  paid  to  the 
Lord  Protector,  for  the  Ufe  of  the  Commonwealth,  one  Year's  Rent 
at  the  full  and  improved  Value.  And  all  Houfcs  erefted  on  new 
Foundations,  after  the  agth  of  September,  1657,  not  having  four 
Acres  of  Land  occupied  therewith,  wercTto  pay  a  Fine  of  One  Hun- 
dred Pounds  for  every  Offence,  for  the  Ufe  above-mentioned  j  and 
the  fun  her  Sum  of  Twenty  Pounds  to  the  Poor  of  the  Pari/h,  for 
every  Nfonth,  that  any  fuch  Houfe  fhould  be  upheld  and  continued.' 
Itwaralloenjcled,  'That,  for  preventing  the  terrible  Confcqucnco 
of  Fires,  all  Manner  of  Houfes  in  London  and  Weftmittjltr,  or  the  Li- 
berties thereof,  and  Scutlwark,  whether  upon  old  or  new  Founda- 
tions, rtiould,  from  and  after  the  parting  this  Act,  be  built  wi'h 
JJritk  or  Stone,  or  both,  and  ftrcight  up,  without  jetting  out  into 
:,  upon  Penalty  of  One  Hundred  Pouirds-. 


194     yfa  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  are  or  fhall  be  endowed  with,  arc  not  from  nor  for 
— 5—  y°ur^e^>  but  fr°m  anc*  f°r  God,  and  for  the  Good; 
°f  Men,  and  efpecially  of  God's  People  among 
Men  :  To  which  End  that  you  may  lay  forth  your- 
felf  and  them,  and  improve  all  the  Opportunities, 
and  employ  all  the  Power,  which  God  hath  put  into 
your  Hands,  is  the  Hope,  is  the  Prayer  of  all  good 
Men  ;  and  in  fo  doing  you  fhall  have  Comfort,  you 
fhall  have  Honour,  and  we  fhall  have  Safety,  and  we 
lhall  have  Happinefs  j  that  Happinefs  to  fee  Truth 
and  Peace,  Juftice  and  Mercy  kifs  each  other, 
and  Chrljl  fit  upon  his  Throne  in  thefe  Lands  ; 
not  in  that  literal  and  carnal  Way,  which  hath  fo 
much  intoxicated  the  Brains  and  Minds  o(  many 
in  thefe  our  Days,  but  in  Spirit  and  in  Truth  ; 
and  more  comformable  to  that  which  Chrifl  him- 
felf  hath  pronounced,  That  his  Kingdom  is  not  of 
this  World ;  and  yet  muft  all  the  Kingdoms  of  the 
World  be  fubfervient  to  that  World  which  is  to 
come,  to  that  Kingdom  which  is  above. 

'  \Vhereupon,  having  our  Eyes  fixed,  let  us  bend 
our  Courfe  that  Way,  with  our  Faces  thitherward, 
difcharging  every  one  his  Duty  in  his  Place,  diligently 
and  faithfully  ;  and  finiihing  the  Work  which  God 
hath  appointed  us  to  do  in  this  Life ;  that,  in  the 
Life  to  come,  we  may  bear  that  fweet  and  blefTed 
Voice  directed  unto  us,  Come^  good  and  faithful 
Servants,  enter  into  your  Mafter's  Joy.' 

Thefe  tedious  Harangues  being  ended,  the  Com- 
mons returned  to  their  own  Houfe,  and  ordered 
that  all  the  Committees  concerning  public  Affairs, 
which  had  been  appointed  before  their  Recefs, 
Ihould  be  revived  :  But,  before  we  advance  any 
farther  in  the  Tranfa£tions  of  this  Parliament,  it 
will  be  necefTary  to  Temember,  That,  by  the  third 
Article  of  the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice,  no  Per- 
fons  legally  chofen  by  a  free  Election  of  the  People 
to  ferve  in  Parliament,  were  to  be  excluded  there- 
from, but  by  the  Judgment  znd  Confent  of  that 
Houfe  whereof  they  were  Members.  In  Confe- 
qucnce  of  this,  all  thole  Gentlemen  who  had  been 

denied 


Of   ENGLAND. 

denied  their  Seats  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  at  lnt<?r-r«gnum. 
the  firft  Meeting  of  this  Parliament,  on  Pretence  of 
their  not  being  approved  of  by  the  Prote&or's  Coun- 
cil,  were  freely  admitted.  This  opened  the  Door  to 
about  one  hundred  of  Cromwell's  moft  inveterate 
Enemies,  who  had  obtained  great  Credit  and  In- 
tercft  in  the  Houfe,  by  having  been  excluded  for 
their  Fidelity  to  the  Commonwealth. 

It  is  alfo  to  be  obferved,  That  the  Protector, 
when  he  felefted  out  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons 
thofe  who  were  his  ableft  Managers  there,  in  order 
to  inftitute  his  New  Houfe  of  Lords,  had  not  taken 
Care  to  fupply  their  Places  with  Men  equally  at- 
tached to  his  Intereft. 

Thefe  two  Circumftances  quite  chang'd  the  Com- 
plexion of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  and  account  for 
their  endeavouring  to  overturn  all  that  had  been  done 
for  Cromwell's  Service,  in  the  former  Seflion. 

Hiftorians  charge  Crowzw//  with  the  Want  of  his 
ufual  Sagacity  in  this  Particular  ;  not  confidering, 
that,  by  the  feventeenth  Article  of  the  Humble  Pe- 
tition and  Advice,  he  was  obliged  to  give  his  Af- 
fent  to  that  whole  Inflrument  without  Referve, 
And,  confequently,  his  Submitting  to  fuch  Articles 
therein  as  were  Rsftri&ions  of  his  Power,  was  the 
Price  of  a  Legiflative  Confirmation  of  his  Prote£k>r- 
fhip.  Befides,  there  was  no  Way  of  Recruiting 
th»  Vacancies  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  but  by 
the  Speaker's  iffuing  new  Writs  for  that  Purpofe, 
which  could  not  be  done  without  the  Order  of  that 
Houfe. But  to  return  : 

On  the  22d  of  this  Month  the  Commons  being  A  Meflag«,  fcy 
informed  that  fome  Gentlemen  were  at  the  Door,l*'J  °f  fjj£ 
with  a  MelTage  from  the  Lords,  they  were  ordered  £e  Ne'wifaife 
to  be  called  \n  ;  when  it  appeared  that  they  wer«of  Lords  to  tfc? 
two  jof  the  Judges,  If^ynJbam  anil  /////,  who  makingCommoas> 
their   Obeifances,    and    advancing   to   the   Clerk's 
Table,  the  former  of  them  delivered  a  Mefiage  to 
this  Effect : 

/  am   commanded^  by  the  Lords^  ta  (kfire  of  this 

Houfe,  that  you  -will  join  with  thtir  Lard/hits*  in  an 

N  2  Humble 


196     The  Parliamentary  HrsTORY 

Inter- regnum.  Humble  Addrefs  to  his  Highnefs  the 

*657-        That  he  will  be  p leafed  to  appoint  a  Day  of  public 
"~*~        Humiliation^  throughout  the  1'hree  Nations  o/Eno-- 

January.         iicii  ITII  J          & 

land,  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 

After  debating  this  Meflage,  it  was  refolved,  by 
a  Majority  of  75  againft  51,  that  the  Houfe  would 
fend  an  Anfvver  thereto,  by  Meflengers  of  their 
own.  This  Refolution  gave  fo  great  Difguft  to  the 
Protector,  that, 

Who  beginning  On  the  25th,  his  Highnefs  fent  a  Letter,  directed 
^eCAuThority°ofto  the  Speaker  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  which 
the  Other  Houfe,  was  this  Day  read,  defiring  them  to  give  him  a 
Meeting  at  the  Banquetting- Houfe ,  Whitehall*  at 
Three  that  Afternoon  :  Accordingly  they  went  up 
thither,  at  the  Time  appointed,  where  the  Protec- 
tor made  another  Speech  to  them.  This  is  not  en- 
tered in  the  Journals,  nor  have  we  met  with  it,  at 
large,  any  where  elfe  ;  and  indeed  it  feems,  from 
what  followed  thereupon,  not  to  have  been  printed 
at  all.  But  Mr.  Whitlocke  informs  us,  That  the 
Purport  of  it  was,  an  Exhortation  to  Unity,  and  to 
the  Obfervance  of  their  own  Rules  laid  down  in  the 
Humble  Petition  and  Advice  j  becaufe  Sir  Arthur 
Hafelrigge  and  fome  others,  not  allowing  of  the  New 
Houfe  of  Lords,  had  fpoken  reproachfully  of  them, 
endeavouring  to  raife  Difcontents  between  the  Houfe 
of  Commons  and  their  Lordfhips  j  the  latter  of 
whom  our  Memorialing  being  now  one  of  them 
himfelf,  mentions  with  great  Refpect. 

On  the  28th,  the  Speaker  having  made  a  Report 
of  the  foregoing  Speech,  he  further  told  them,  by 
the  Lord  Protector's  Defire,  '  That  his  Highnefs  in- 
tended to  have  imparted  to  them  a  Paper,  concern- 
ing the  State  of  the  public  Monies,  which  he  had 
not  then  ready  with  him  ;  but  that  the  Houfe  fhould 
have  it,  whenever  they  did  deiire  the  fame.'  Here- 
upon it  was  refolved,  That  a  Committee  be  ap- 
pointed to  wait  upon  the  Lord  Protector,  and  defire 
him  to  caufe  the  Speech  he  had  laft  made,  in  the 
Banquetting-Houfe,  to  be  printed  ;  alfo  to  commu- 
nicate tQ  them  the  Paper  concerning  the  State  of 

the 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.,      197 

the  Public  Monies  ;  and  to  acquaint  him,  that  the  Infer-rc-num. 
Houfe  would  take  the  Matters,  imparted  to  them 
in  the  (aid  Speech,  into  their  ferious  and  fpeedy 
Confideration. 

After  which  it  was  refolved,  by  a  Majority  of  92 
Voices  againft  84,  That  no  private  Bulinefs  be  ta- 
ken into  Confidcration  for  one  Month. 

January  29.  Mr.  Nathaniel  Bacon  f,  one  of  the 
Matters  of  the  Rcquefts  to  the  Lord  Protector,  re- 
ported, That  the  Committee,  having  waited  upon 
his  Highnefs,  in  a  full  Appearance,  at  the  with- 
drawing Chamber  at  Whitehall^  and  prefented  him 
with  the  foregoing  Refolutions  of  the  Houfe,  he 
gave  this  Anfwer : 

That  his  Highnefs  faid,  *  He  could  not  have 
looked  upon  the  Committee  as  a  Committee  of 
the  Houfe  of  Commons,  had  he  not  feen  the  Paper, 
and  the  Perfons  of  the  Committee. 

'  That  what  he  fpake  in  the  Banquetting-Houfe, 
was  delivered  to  both  the  Houfes,  the  Houfe  of 
Lords  and  the  Houfe  of  Commons  j  and  that  he 
was  exceeding  tender  of  the  Breach  of  Privilege  of 
either  Houfe,  whereunto  he  had  fworn;  and  which, 
by  the  Bleffing  of  God,  would  maintain  ;  and  that 
he  did  not  know,  nor  was  fatisfied,  that  it  was  not 
againft  the  Privilege  of  either  Houfe,  for  him  to  give 
an  Anfwer  to  either  of  the  Houfes  apart. 

*  That  he  fpoke  to  the  Houfes  thofe  Things 
that  did  lie  upon  his  own  Heart;  and  that  he  did 
acquaint  them,  honeftly  and  plainly,  how  Things 
ftood  in  Matters  of  Fad ;  but  that  of  the  Particu- 
lars he  did  not  remember  four  Lines  :  That  he  had 
confidered  with  fome  Perfons  about  the  Papers  re- 
lating to  Money,  and  found  fome  Particulars  ihort, 
and  fome  over  ;  but  he  would  take  them  into  Con- 
fideration,  and  fet  them  right,  and  would  give  a 
timely  Account  thereof. 

'  That  he  defir'd  his  Affections  might  be  prefent- 
ed to  the  Houfe ;  and  that  he  would  be  ready  to 
ferve  them,  faithfully,  in  the  Capacity  he  was  in.' 
N  3  The 

f  Author  of  the  Difcoyrfes  tit  Government, 


198       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

The  Commons,  after  hearing  this  Report  made, 
j^_  began  to  debate  what  Anfwer  they  fhould  return  to 
February.  tne  Mefiage  brought  from  the  Other  Houfe,  by  Mr. 
Juftice  Ityndham  and  Mr.  Baron  Hill:  But  came 
to  no  Refolution,  till  the  next  Day ;  and  then  only 
ordered,  that  the  firft  Thing  to  be  confider'd  fhould 
be  the  Appellation  of  the  Perfons  to  whom  the 
faid  Anfwer  was  t<?  be  given,  but  this  Matter  not 
to  be  entered  into  till  after  a  Call  of  the  Houfe. — 
Accordingly, 


February  i.  The  Thames  of  the  Members  were 
all  called  over  ;  and  then  the  Debate  upon  the  forer 
going  Matter  was  renamed,  which  continued  that 
Day,  and  the  next ;  when,  at  length,  it  being  pro- 
p ofed  to  go  immediately  into  a  Grand  Committee, 
to  confider  touching  the  Appellation  of  the  Other 
Houfe,  that  Motion  pafled  in  the  Negative,  by  93 
againft  87. — However,  their  New  Lordfhips,  de- 
firous  to  try  the  Pulfe  of  the  Commons  once  more, 
fent  a  Menage  to  them  in  Writing,  by  two  of  the 
Judges,  Wyndham  and  Newdigate^  to  this  Effect, 
*  That  the  Lords  defir'd  the  Commons  to  join  with 
them  in  an  Addrefs  to  the  Lord  Protector,  that  his 
Highnefs  would  be  pleafed  to  iflue  a  Proclamation, 
by  the  Advice  of  both  Houfes  of  Parliament,  com- 
manding all  Papifts,  and  others,  who  had  been  in 
Arms  againft  the  Commonwealth,  to  depart  out  of 
London  and  Weftminfter  and  the  late  Lines  of  Com- 
munication, and  twenty  Miles  of  the  fame,  by  a 
certain  Day ;  and  not  return  to  the  faid  Cities,  or 
cither  of  them,  during  the  Space  of  three  Months, 
nor  to  any  other  Place  within  the  Limits  aforefaid, 
fave  only  to  fuch  in  the  Country,  where  thofe  Per- 
fons had  their  refpeftive  Habitations.'  This  Mef- 
fage  being  read,  the  Commons  refolved,  without 
a  Divifion,  That  they  would  fend  an  Anfwer  to  the 
Other  Houfe  by  Meflengers  of  their  own  5  and  then 
adjourned  the  Debate  till  the  next  Day. 

Feb.  4.  The  Commons  refurned  the  Debate  con- 
cerning the  Appellation  of  the  Other  Houfe ;  and 

were 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         199 

were  in  the  midft  of  it,  when  the  Speaker  inform'd 
them,  That  the  Umer  of  the  Black -Rod  was  at 
the  Door,  with  a  MefTage  from  the  Lord  Protector; 
being  called  in,  and  making  his  Obeifance,  he  faid, 
Air.  Speaker ,  his  Highnefs  is  in  the  HouJ'e  of  Lords, 
•and  de  fires  to  /peak  with  you.  Hereupon  the  Com- 
mons refolv'd,  That  the  Debate  on  the  Appellation 
of  the  Other  Houfe  be  adjourned  to  their  Return. 
The  Speaker  then  left  the  Chair,  and  went  up 
with  the  Members  to  attend  upon  the  Lord  Pro- 
tector, where  his  Highnefs  declared  this  prefent 
Parliament*  to  be  diflblved. 

This  is  all  that  can  be  gathered  from  the  Com- Cromwell  dif- 
mons  Journals,    worth  our  Notice,  touching  the  [clves  thc  Par* 
Proceedings  of  this  fhort  Seflion  ;  neither  do  any  of  1M 
the  Diaries  of  thefe  Times  fupply«the  Deficiency  : 
But  it  appears  by  other  Contemporary  a  Authorities, 
that  notwithftariding  the  Advice  and  Intreaties  of 
Whtthcke  and  others  of  the  Protector's  Council, 
againft  the  Diflblution  of  this  Parliament,  yet  the 
Alarms  from  abroad  daily  increafing,  and  the  frefh 
Informations  brought  him  concerning  the  Diligence 
of  his  Adverfaries  at  home,  quickened  him  to  that 
Degree  in  his  Refolution  to  difmifs  them,  that  he 
would  not  ftay  for  his  Coach  of  State  ;  but  taking 
the  firfl-  that  was  at  hand,  went  from  Whitehall* 
attended  only  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Cromwell  his 
Nephew,  and  fix  of  his  Guards,  to  Weftminfter ; 
and  fending  for  the  Commons  to  come  up  to  him    • 
in  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  he  made   the   following 
Speech  :  b 

*  T  Had  very  comfortable  Expectations  that  God  His  angry  Speech 
1  would  make  the  Meeting  of  this  Parliament  aon.that°ceafion' 
Blcflinj;  and,  the  Lord  be  myWitnefs,  I  defired 
the  carrying  on  the  Affairs  of  the  Nation  to  thefe 
Ends  :  The  Blefling  which  I  mean,   and   which 

we 

a  Ludtovj,  Vol.  II.  p.  578.  Wfitloekt,  p.  673.  Letters  from 
M.  De  Bourdtaux,  the  French  Ambaflador  in  England,  to  Cardinal 
Mazari*,  and  from  Lord  Fauetnbtrr  to  his  Brother-in-Law,  Hnrj 
Cmmwll,  in  Ireland.  Tkurh,,  Vol.  V*» 

*  Pbitlifi,  p.  63 1. 


2oc     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnurn.  we   ever  climbed  -at,  was  Mercy,  Truth,  Right- 
l657-        eoufnefs,   and  Peace,  which  I  defire  may  be  im- 

*T7V^""'    proved. 

4  That  which  brought  me  in{o  the  Capacity  I 
now  ftand  in,  was  the  Petition  and  Advice  given 
me  by  you,  who,  in  reference  to  the  antient  Con- 
ftitution,  did  draw  me  to  accept  of  the  Place  of  Pro- 
tector. There  is  not  a  Man  living  can  fay  I  fought 
it;  no,  not  a  Man,  nor  Woman,  treading  upon 
Englijh  Ground  ;  but,  contemplating  the  fad  Con- 
dition of  thefe  Nations,  relieved  from  an  inteftine 
War  unto  a  fix  or  feven  Years  Peace,  I  did  think 
the  Nation  happy  therein.  But  to  be  petitioned 
thereunto,  and  advifed  by  you  to  undertake  fuch  a 
Government,  a  Burden  too  heavy  for  any  Creature, 
and  this  to  be  done  by  the  Houle  that  then  had  the 
Legiflative  Capacity,  I  did  look  that  the  fame  Men 
that  made  the  Frame,  fhould  make  it  good  unto  me. 
I  can  fay,  in  the  Prefence  of  God,  in  Comparifon 
of  whom  we  are  but  like  poor  creeping  Ants  upon 
the  Earth,  I  would  have  been  glad  to  have  lived 
under  my  Wood  Side,  to  have  kept  a  Flock  of 
Sheep,  rather  than  undertook  fuch  a  Government  as 
this  is ;  but,  undertaking  it  by  the  Advice  and  Pe- 
tition of  you,  I  did  look  that  you,  that  had  offered 
it  unto  me,  ihould  make  it  good. 

*  I  did  tell  you,  at  a  Conference  concerning  it, 
that  I  would  not  undertake  it,  unlefs  there  might  be 
fbme  other  Perfons  that  might  interpofe  between  me 
and  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  who  then  had  the 
Power,  to  prevent  tumultuary  and  popular  Spirits  ; 
and  it  was  granted  I  fhould  name  Another  Houfe. 
I  named  it  of  Men  that  fhall  meet  you  whereloever 
you  go,  and  fhake  Hands  with  you,  and  tell  you  it 
is  not  Titles,  nor  Lords,  nor  Party,  tha:  they  value, 
but   a  Chriftian  and  an  Englijh  Intereft :  Men  of 
your  own  Rank  and  Quality,  who  will  not  only  be 
a  Balance  unto  you,  but  to  themfelves,  while  you 
love  England  and  Religion. 

*  Having  proceeded  upon  thefe  Terms,  and  find- 
ing fuch  a  Spirit  as  is  too  much  predominant,  every 

thing 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       201 

thing  being  too  high  or  too  low,  when  Virtue,  Ho-  Inter- r*gnum. 
nefty,  Piety,  and  Jufticc  arc  omitted  ;  I  thought  I        l6S7- 
had  been  doing   that   which   was   my  Duty,  and    V^TV^'~^ 
thought  it  would  have  fatisfied  you ;   but  if  every 
thing  muft  be  too  high  or  too  low,  you  are  not  to 
be  fatisfied. 

*  Again :  I  would  not  have  accepted  of  the  Go- 
vernment, u;ilcfs  I  knew  there  would  be  a  juft  Ac- 
cord between  the  Governor  and  the  Governed ;  un- 
lefs  they  would  take  an  Oath  to  make  good  what 
the  Parliament's  Petition  and  Advice  advifed  me  un- 
to ;  upon  that  I  took  an  Oath,  and  they  took  ano- 
ther Oath  upon  their  Part  anfwerable  to  mine;  and 
did  not  every  one  know  upon  what  Condition  they 
fwore  ?  God  knows,  I  took  it  upon  the  Conditions 
exprefled  in  the  Government :  And  I  did  think  we 
had  been  upon  a  Foundation,  and  upon  a  Bottom  ; 
and  thereupon  I  thought  myfelf  bound  to  take  it, 
and  to  be  advifed  by  the  Two  Houfes  of  Parliament; 
and  we  (landing  unfettled  till  we  were  arrived  at 
that,  the  Confequences  would  neceflarily  have  been 
Confufion,  if  that  had  not  been  fettled  :  Yet  there 
are  not  conftituted  hereditary  Lords,  nor  hereditary 
Kings ;  the  Power  confifting  in  the  Two  Houfes  and 
myfelf.  I  do  not  fay  that  was  the  Meaning  of  your 
Oath  to  you  ;  that  were  to  go  againft  my  own  Prin- 
ciples, to  enter  upon  another  Man's  Confcience : 
God  will  judge  between  me  and  you  :  If  there  had 
been  in  you  any  Intention  of  Settlement,  you  would 
have  fettled  upon  this  Bafis,  and  have  offered  your 
Judgment  and  Opinion. 

*  God  is  my  Witnefs,  I  fpeak  it ;  it  is  evident 
to  all  the  World  and  People  living,  that  a  new  Bu- 
fmefs  hath  been  feeking  in  the  Army  againft  this 
aclual  Settlement  made  by  your  Confent.  I  do  not 
fpeak  to  thefe  Gentlemen,  or  Lords,  [pointing  to 
bis  Right  Hand']  whatfoever  you  will  call  them.  1 
fpeak  not  this  to  them,  but  to  you.  You  advifed 
me  to  run  into  this  Place,  to  be  in  a  Capacity  by 
your  Advice  ;  yet,  inftead  of  owning  a  Thing  taken 
for  granted,  fome  rnuft.  have  I  know  not  what;  and 

you 


2O2     tte  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Xnter-regnum.  you  have  not  only  disjointed  yourfelves;  but  the 
whole  Nation,  which  is  in  Likelihood  of  running 
into  more  Confufion,  in  thefe  fifteen  or  fixteen  Days 
that  you  have  fat,  than  it  hath  been  from  the  Rifing 
o/  the  laft  Seflion  to  this  Day,  through  the  Intention 
of  devifmg  a  Commonwealth  again,  that  fome  of 
the  People  might  be  the  Men  that  might  rule  all ; 
and  they  are  endeavouring  to  engage  the  Army  to 
carry  that  Thing.  And  hath  that  iVfan  been  true  to 
this  Nation,  whofoever  he  be,  efpeoially  that  hath 
taken  an  Oath,  thus  to  prevaricate  ?  Thefe  Defigns 
have  been  among  the  Army,  to  break  and  divide  us. 
I  fpeak  this  in  the  Prefence  of  fome  of  the  Army, 
that  thefe  Things  have  not  been  according  to  God, 
nor  according  to  Truth,  pretend  what  you  will. 
Thefe  Things  tend  to  nothing  elfe,  but  the  playing 
the  King  of  Scots'  Game,  if  I  may  fo  call  him ;  and 
I  think  myfelf  bound,  before  God,  to  do  what  I 
can  to  prevent  it. 

*  That  which  I  told  you,  in  the  Banquetting-Houfe, 
was  true,  that  there  were  Preparations  of  Force  to 
invade  us  j  God  is  my  Witnefs,  it  hath  been  con- 
firmed to  me  fince,  within  a  Day,  that  the  King  of 
Scots  hath  an  Army  at  the  Water  Side,  ready  to  be 
ihipp'd  for  England.  I  have  it  from  thofe  who  have 
been  Eye-Witnefles  of  it :  And,  while  it  is  doing, 
there  are  Endeavours  from  fome,  who  are  not  far 
from  this  Place,  to  ftir  up  the  People  of  this  Town 
into  aTumulting:  What  if  Ifajd  into  a  Rebellion? 
And  I  hope  I  (hall  make  it  appear  to  be  no  better, 
if  God  affift  me :  It  hath  been  not  only  your  En- 
deavour to  pervert  the  Army,  while  you  have  been 
fitting,  and  to  draw  them  to  ftate  the  Queftion 
about  a  Commonwealth,  but  fome  of  you  have  been 
lifting  of  Perfons,  by  Commiflion  of  Charles  Stuart , 
to  join  with  any  Infurreclion  that  may  be  made : 
And  what  is  like  to  come  upon  this,  the  Enemy  be- 
ing ready  to  invade  us,  but  even  prefent  Blood  and 
Confufion  ?  And  if  this  be  fo,  I  do  aflign  to  this 
Caufe  your  not  A/Tenting  to  what  you  did  invite  me 
to  by  the  Petition  and  Advice^  as  that  which  might 

be 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       203 

he  the  Settlement  of  the  Nation  ;  and  if  this  be  the  lour 
End  of  your  Sitting,  and  this  be   your  Carriage,  I        l657« 
think  it  high  Time  that  an  End  be  put  unto  your    '^TT*""""" 
Sitting;  and  I  do  diflblve  this  Parliament  :  And  let 
God  judge  between  me  and  you.' 

At  this  many  of  the  Commons  cried  out,  Amen. 


By  the  fudden  Diflblution  of  this  Parliament,  allufcful  Bills  d«- 
the  Bills  then  depending  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  JJf™^"8  *c  thi* 
were  rendered  abortive.  We  have  extracted,  from 
their  Journals,  the  following  Catalogue  of  them,  to 
(hew  how  many  Projects  were  then  on  Foot  for  the 
Public  Service  ;  and  that  the  Qucftioning  the  Pro- 
tector's Title,  and  Affronting  his  Other  Houfe,  was 
not  the  fole  Employment  of  the  Commons  :  The 
Bills,  at  this  Time  under  their  Confideration,  were, 
For  uniting  Scotland  and  Ireland  into  one  Common- 
wealth with  England  :  For  eftablifh  ing  County  Re- 
gifters  :  For  regulating  Ale-Houfes  :  For  afcertain- 
ing  of  Fines  upon  Defccnt  and  Alienations  of  Copy- 
holds of  Inheritance  :  For  providing  for  Orphans, 
and  Prefervation  of  their  Eftates  and  Defcents  :  For 
Probate  of  Wills,  and  granting  Adminiftrations  : 
For  compelling  Priibnefs,  who  have  Eftates,  to  pay 
their  Debts,  and  for  Relief  of  fuch  as  are  not  able: 
For  fettling  of  Marriages,  and  for  the  regiftering  of 
them,  as  alfo  Births  and  Burials  :  To  prevent  Abufes 
in  granting  Certiorates  :  For  the  Increafe  and  Pre- 
fervation of  Timber  :  To  redrefs  the  Abufes  in  wear- 
ing of  Gold  and  Silver  Lace,  Silks,  fine  Linen,  and 
Excefs  in  Apparel,  and  alfo  to  reform  indecent  Fa- 
fliions:  To  regulate  the  great  Inconveniences  arifing 
from  the  Diverfity  of  Weights  and  Meafures  :  To 
amend  the  feveral  Statutes  concerning  Baftardy,  For- 
nication, and  Adultery,  and  reduce  them  into  one 
Law  :  For  fuppreffing  Cuftomary  Oaths  :  For  re- 
ftraining  the  exceflive  Wages  of  Artificers  and  .La- 
bourers, and  to  prevent  Exorbitancy  in  the  Apparel 
of  Servants  :  For  the  better  t)iftributton  of  the  Re- 
venues of  Hofpitals  :  To  reform  the  Abufes  com- 
mitted by  Attornies,  Soliicitors,  Stewards  and  Bai- 

liffs 


204  Ybe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 
Inter-regnum.  ^ffs  Qf  Liberties,  and  Under- Sheriffs :  To  reftrain 
unnecefTary  Suits  upon  Bonds  or  Bills :  For  Reco- 
very  of  fmall  Debts;  and  relieving  Perfons,  in  cafe 
of  fmall  Trefpafles,  within  their  refpedlive  Counties: 
For  impowering,  and  requiring,  Pariflies  to  raife  a 
Stock  for  fetting  the  Poor  at  Work:  For  preventing 
the  Inhabitants  of  the  Sea-Coafts  from  plundering 
fuch  as  have  the  Misfortune  to  be  wreck'd  there  : 
For  prohibiting  the  Making  of  Malt  in  the  Heat  of 
Summer:  For  Regulation  of  the  Woollen  Manufac- 
tury :  For  the  farther  Encouragement  of  Trade  and 
Navigation :  For  erecting  a  Court  of  Law,  and  an- 
other of  Equity,  at  Tork^ior  the  Relief  of  the  Inha- 
bitants of  Tork/bire,  Northumberland,  Cumberland, 
and  We (Imor eland :  To  prevent  the  Non-refidence 
of  Mafters,  Provofts,  Prefidents,  Wardens,  and 
Heads  of  Colleges  and  Halls  in  the  two  Univerfi- 
ties:  For  enabling  Truftees  to  purchafe  in  Impro- 
priations :  And  for  repairing  of  the  Highways,  and 
improving  the  Public  Roads. 

It  is  obvious,  from  the  foregoing  Speech,  that  the 
Commons  refufing  to  own  the  Protector's  Other 
Houfe  as  a  Houfe  of  Lords,  and  confequently  a 
Court  of  Judicature,  was  one  principal  Reafon  of 
his  refentful  Manner  of  diffolving  this  Parliament. 
But  Cromweirs  other  Motives  for  this  hafty  Diflb- 
Jution,  are  more  particularly  pointed  out  in  the 
following  Letter  from  Mr.  Hartlib  p,  Milton's  in- 
timate Friend,  to  Dr.  Pellq,  the  learned  Mathe- 
matician; who  was,  at  this  Time,  Cromwell's  Refi- 
dent  with  the  Swifs  Cantons. 

SIR, 

P  From  the  Original  in  the  valuable  Collections  of  the  Rev.  Dr. 
Birch,  Secretary  to  the  Royal  Society.  This  Letter  correfponds  with* 
one  from  Mr.  Payne  to  M.  Nieuport,  the  Dutch  Ambaflador,  in 
Tburloe's  State  Papers. 

Mr.  Hartlib  was  a  Native  of  Poland,  but  bad  refided  many  Years 
in  England,  where  he  was  refpedled  by  the  Learned  of  all  Profeflions  ; 
and  was  principally  concerned  in  the  firft  projecting  of  thofe  Meet- 
ings of  the  Virtuofi  at  Gre/kam  College,  which  have  fince  been  ho- 
noured with  the  Name  of  the  Royal  Society. 

1  Dr.  Pell,  after  the  Reftoration,  took  Orders,  and  became  Chap- 
lain to  Archbilhop  Sheldon.  The  Reformation  of  the  Calendar  was 
his  Work,  affifted  by  Mr.  Stncreft,  afterwards  Archbkhop  of  Can- 
terbury. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       205 

SIR,  London,  Feb.  II,  1657.      Inter-regnum. 

f\N  Thurfday  lajl  I  fent  away  my  Letter  to  Mr.    ^jf5!^ 
^  Moreland s,  about  Twelve, o'Clock.   Half  an  Hour     February. 
after ,  /  received  the  News  of  the  Parliament's  being 
dijfotvcd.     I  durft  not  make  another  Letter  to  fegnify  Mr-  Ifanli&'t 
the  fame,  hoping  alfo  that  fome  of  the  public  P<fa$££2£w. 
would  acquaint  you  with  jo  fudden  and  great  a  Mat-  foiving  the  Par- 
tcr  ;  but,  believe  me,  it  was  of  fuch  Necejffity,  that,  liaraent. 
if  their  Sfjfion  had  continued  but  two  or  three  Days 
longer,  all  had  been  in  Blood,  both  in  City  and  Coun- 
try, upon  Charles  Stuart'j  Account. 

An  Army  of  10,000  Men  might  have  appeared 
with  an  ugly  Petition  to  tht  Parliament  for  the  re- 
ejlablijhing  of  Charles  Stuart,  prefuming*they  Jhould 
find  a  Party  amongft  them  ;  whiljt  another  Army  of 
1 0,000  Men  was  landing  in  England,  by  the  Juggling* 
to  fay  no  vjorfe,  of  our  good  Neighbours.  Bejides* 
there  was  another  Petition  Jet  on  Foot  in  the  City, 
for  a  Commonwealth,  which  would  have  gathered 
like  a  Snow- Ball,  but,  by  the  refoiute  and  fudden 
Dijfolving  of  the  Parliament,  both  thcfe  dangerous 
Dejigns  were  mercifully  prevented. 

Whether  we  Jhall  have  another  Parliament  fl)ortiyy 
•r  a  Grand  Council  only  of  Optimates  in.  the  mean 
Time,  we  cannot  tell. 

All  the  Officers  of  the  Army  attended  his  Highnefs, 
en  Saturday  lajl,  in  the  Banquetting-Houfe,  where 
they  were  entertained  with  a  Speech  of  two  Hours 
long  ;  which  made  them,  afrejh,  refolve  to  jland  and. 
fall,  live  and  die,  with  my  Lord  Protector.  Here 
you  have  his  Highnefs's  two  lajl  Speeches  to  both 
Houfes,  as  they  wire  taken  at  his  Elbow.  There  is 
much  Nonjenfe,  especially  in  the  laft ;  but  there  are 
very  few  Men  yet  that  have  any  Copy  at  all  of  them. 

Yours  affe&ionately, 

S.  HARTLIB. 

Im- 

•  Mr.' Mtrtland  was  one  of  Ttmrhet  Under. Secretaries;  and,  at  ' 
this  Time,  Cromwtirt  Refulent  at  Geneva  :  But  in  the  Beginning  of 
May,  1660,  having  waited  upon  King  Charles  at  BreJj,  and  made 
feveral  important  Difcoveries,    be  received  theie  the  Honour  of 
Knighthood  from  hit  Majefty. 


1657. 
—- v— 

March. 


206     *The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  Immediately  after  the  Parliament  was  dillblved, 
Orders  were  ifliied  by  the  Council,  for  preventing 
all  private  Aflemblies  under  the  Pretence  of  Prayers 
or  Preaching  :  And  fo  jealous  was  Cromwell  of  fuch 
Part  of  the  Army  as  was,  at  this  Time,  quarter'd 
about  St.  James's,  that  he  took  the  Infpection  of 
the  Watch  at  Whitehall,  for  feveral  Nights  fuccef- 
fively,  in  his  own  Perfon.  And  having  now  got  rid 
of  his  Parliament,  and  thereby  become  once  more 
an  Abfolute  Sovereign,  he  made  Ufe  of  his  Power 
to  new-model  the  Army,  by  removing  fuch  Offi- 
cers as  he  fufpecled  would  obftrucr.  hislDefign.  In 
order  thereunto  he  had  difmifled  Major- General 
Lambert  fipm  his  Service,  for  refufing  to  take  the 
Oath  of  Fidelity  to  him,  as  required  by  the  Humble 
Petition  and  Advice  ;  but,  at  the  fame  Time,  not 
thinking  it  fafe  intirely  to  difguft  a  Man  of  fo  great 
Intereft  among;  the  Soldiery,  he  allowed  him  a  Pen- 
fion  of  2000  /.  per  Annurn^  to  keep  him  from  any 
defperate  Undertaking. 

The  Protector  alfo  made  it  his  Bufmefs  fo  to  ba- 
lance the  Intereft  of  all  Parties,  that  they  fhould 
pot  dare  to  oppofe  his  arbitrary  Meafures,  for  fear 
of  reducing  themfelves  to  a  worfe  Condition  than 
they  were  in.  Yet,  notwithftanding  all  thefe  Arti- 
fices and  Precautions,  he  was  not  without  continual 
Apprehenfions.  Some  Machinations  were  form'd 
againft  him  by  the  Fifth -Monarchy  Men-,  of  whom 
Major -General  Harrifon  was  the  Chief:  Of  this 
Plot  the  Protector  had  early  Intelligence,  and  quickly 
fupprefs'd  it,  by  imprifoning  the  principal  Confpi- 
rators.  But  the  repeated  Information  he  daily  re- 
ceived, from  his  Spies  in  the  exil'd  King  Charles's 
forms  the  City  c  Bntflels,  of  an  intended  Invafion  in  Favour 

of  London,  and       r    \         -n  •  \  •    \     n  T--/I 

the  Officers  of  of  that  Punce,  which  ftruck  at  his  own  very  Exift- 
the  Army,  of  aence,  fo  highly  alarm'd  him,  that,  on  the  I2th  of 
he  fe"nt  for  the  Lord  Mayor,  Aldermen,  and 
Common  Council  of  London,  and  alfo  the  principal 
Officers  of  the  Army,  to  attend  him  that  Day  at 
Whitehall.     What  pafs'd  at  this  Meeting  we  (hall 
exhibit   from   the  Narrative  thereof  publi&ed  by 
Authority* 


Cromwell    in- 


Plot  in  favour  of 
the  King} 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       207 

<  The  Company  being  all  admitted  to  the  Lord  Inter-regnum. 
Protestor's  Prefence,  his  Highnefs  reprefented  to  'j^l  ^ 
them  the  Danger  wherein  that  City,  and  the  whole  March. 
Nation,  were  involv'd  at  prefcnt,  by  reafon  of  the 
new  Defigns  of  the  old  Enemy,  Charles  Stuart  and 
his  Confederates  abroad,  and  his  Party  here  at  home; 
who  had  been  at  Work  fecretly  t6  imbroil  the  Nation 
again  in  Blood,  as  foon  as  he  Ihould  be  able  to  make 
his  intended  Invafion.  His  Highnefs  told  them,  that 
he  knew  this  to  be  true  ;  that  he  knew  it  by  Letters 
of  theirs  intercepted  ;  by  certain  Intelligence,  from 
abroacj,  of  their  Proceedings ;  and  by  Information 
from  the  Mouths  of  fuch  Perfons  as  h,ad  been  en- 
gaged to  act  with  them.  He  acquainted  them  like- 
wife,  that  the  Lord  of  Ormond,  in  Perfon,  had  been 
Jately  in  England  for  three  Weeks  together  b,  being 
come  over  on  purpofe  to  promote  the  Defign,  by 

encou- 

*  Mr.  Morrice,  in  his  Memoirs  of  Lord  BrogbiH,  gives  us  the  fol- 
lowing Inftance  of  Cromwell's  great  Generofity  towards  the  Marquis 
of  Qrmond,  when  he  had  him  in  his  Power  :  — The  Proteftor,  being 
informed  that  the  Marquis  was  in  London,  told  Lord  Brogbill  of  it, 
and  acquainted  him  with  the  Time  of  his  coming  there.  Lord  Brag- 
bill  declaring  hi;  Ignorance  of  that  Matter,  Cromwell  bid  him  give 
Lord  Qrmond  Notice  that  he  knew  of  his  being  in  Town ;  which  be- 
ing done,  accordingly,  the  Marquis  inflantly  haftened  out  of  England, 
Lord  Clarendon  charges  Sir  Richard  ff'iiits  with  having  given  Cr«m- 
•zvfll  this  Intelligence. 

The  Motives  that  induced  the  Marquis  of  Orrnond  to  come  over  in- 
to England,  at  this  Time,  and  his  Tranfaftions  here  with  the  King's 
Friends,  are  given  in  the  Life  of  that  Nobleman,  written  by  Mr. 
Carte,  Vol.  II.  p.  175.  And,  in  that  Gentleman's  Collection  of 
Letters,  &c.  found  amongft  the  Marquis's  Papers,  (Vgl.  11.  p.  nS. 
etfeo.J  is  a  particular  Detail  of  his  Lordmip's  Proceedings  in  England, 
in  Jan.  1657,  drawn  up  by  himfelf,  and  font  to  Sir  Ediaard  Hydtt 
afterwards  Earl  of  Clarendon  j  with  a  Series  of  Letters  on  that  Sub- 
ject, between  the  Chancellor,  the  Marquis  ofOrmond,  the  Earl  of  Brt- 
fiol,  and  Cardinal  DtRelx :  It  appears  by  theft  Authoritej,  that  a  Ne- 
gotiation was  actually  on  Foot,  to  engage  the  Pope,  through  the  Inter - 
pontion  of  that  Cardinal,  to  lend  a  helping  Hand  to  the  Reftoration 
of  King  Cbarlet  11.  and  that  hit  Eminence  exprefled  the  higheft  Sa- 
tisfaction at  the  good  Dilpofition  of  the  Engltjh  towards  the  Hoi/ 
See. 

Lord  Clanndtn  tlfo  gives  an  Account  of  the  Occafion  of  the  Mar- 
quis of  OrmWs  coming  into  Eng'an4,  and  the  Temper  in  which  h« 
found  the  King's  Friends ;  but  takes  no  Notice  of  the  Correspondence 
that  was  carried  on  between  the  Marquis  of  Onnond  and  Cardinal  D« 
Ret*. — That  there  was  fuch  a  Negotiation,  is  evident  by  Mr.  Carte  t 
Collections  above-cited  j  but,  it  is  highly  probable,  from  the  Nobl* 
Hiftorian's  Silence,  in  this  Particular,  that  he  was  known  to  be  to« 
good  an  Engltjbman  to  ba  truAeU  with  fuch  a  Secret. 


208  'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 
encouraging  and  engaging  as  many  as  he  could  in 
and  about  the  City  ;  and  that  he  went  away  again 
only  three  Days  before  :  That,  in  order  to  this  In- 
vafion,  Charles  Stuart  was  waiting  in  Flanders,  ha- 
ving about  8000  Men  quarter'd  in  feveral  Places 
near  the  Water  Side  ;  as  at  Bruges,  EruJJels^  Ojlend^ 
&c.  and  that  22  hired  Ships  were  in  Readinefs  to 
tranfport  them,  waiting  only  for  the  Opportunity  of 
fome  dark  Night  to  flip  by  the  Erigiijh  Fleet  ;  which 
they  might  the  more  eafily  perform,  our  Ships  being 
of  great  Burden,  drawing  much  Water,  and  fo  not 
able  to  ride  upon  the  Flats  ;  and  therefore  feeing  a 
real  Danger  fo  near  at  Hand,  and  that  the  Peace 
and  Safety  of  the  City,  and  the  whole  Nation,  was 
highly  concern'd  in  it,  he  defired  the  Citizens  might 
be  made  fenfible  of  it,  and  how  much  it  behoved 
them  to  provide  for  their  own  and  the  Nation's  Se- 
curity. To  that  End  his  Highnefs  recommended 
to  the  Lord  Mayor  and  the  Body  of  the  City,  the 
fettling  their  Militia  ;  and  that  it  might  be  placed 
in  the  Hands  of  pious  and  fober  Men,  well-affected 
to  the  prefent  Government,  and  fuch  as  were  free 
from  Difcontent  and  Faction  ;  Perfons  that  might 
carry  on  the  Work  with  Alacrity  and  Difcretion  ; 
to  put  the  City  in  a  Pofture  of  Defence,  that  they 
might  be  in  a  Condition  to  fupprefs  all  Tumults  and 
Infurrections,  defign'd  by  the  Enemies  of  the  Na- 
tion's Peace  and  Profperity. The  Citizens,  adds 

our  Gazetteer*  exprefs'd  much  Chearfulnefs  in  the 
Prefence  of  the  Lord  Protector,  departed  highly  fa- 
tisfied,  and  immediately  fet  about  putting  his  High- 
nefs's  Direction,  into  effectual  Execution.' 

Who  thereupon'     A  few  Days  after  this  an.Addrefs  was  prefented 
refolve  to fupport to  the   Protector    by  'the  Lord   Fleetiuood^  in   the 
theProteflor.    Name  ofthe  Officers  of  the  Army,  declaring,  '  That 
they  not  only  freely  and   heartily  engaged  to  ftand 
by   his  Highnefs  with  their  Lives,  but  alfo  to  im- 
prove their  Intereft  with  the  LORD  GOD,  for  his 
gracious  and  mighty  Afliftance  of  Cromwell  in  the 
further  Profecution  of  the  great  Work  which  the 
Divine  Majefty  had  called  him  unto  ! 

The 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       209 

The  above-mentioned  Attempt  in  Favour  of  the 
ICing's  Rcftoration  proving  abortive,  Cromwell  re- 
folved  to  make  an  Example  of  fome  of  thofe  in  his 
Power;  and,  without  admitting  them  to  their  Tri-         ™ 
als  by  a  Jury,  revived  the  High  Court  of  Jufticc;  by  PC  fons  executed 
xvhich  Sir  Henry  Sling/by,  Dr.  Hewit,  and  others,0"  ««'>';»'  of 
fell  a  Sacrifice  to  his  Revenge.  > 

On  the  8th  of  April  the  Protector  received  Ad- 
vice of  a  Victory  his  Forces  had   obtained  againft^ucJ*fsaSainft 
thofe  of  the  King  of  Spain,  in  'Jamaica,  with  a  Re- 
lation of  the  Spaniards  lofmg  their  Plate-Fleet. 

About  Midfummer  the  Town  of  Dunkirk,  which  ~  ...  ^rr 
at  this  Time  belonged  to  the  Spaniards,  having  fuf  dere.t 
tained  a  Siege  of  fome  Weeks  againft  the  united  •»*/'• 
Forces  of  England  and  France,  furrendered  upon 
Articles  ;  and  Loikhart,  Cromwell's  Ambaflador, 
was  put  into  the  Pofleflion  of  it,  (by  the  French  King 
in  Perfon,  and  in  the  Prefente  of  Cardinal  Maza- 
rin)  in  the  Name  of  his  Mafter;  to  whom  the  Inha- 
bitants were  obliged  to  take  an  Oath  of  Allegiance 
as  Lord  Protector  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland.* 
The  Dukes  of  "Xork  and  Glouccjhr  were  prefent  in 
the  Spanijh  Army  under  the  Command  of  Don  Juan^ 
which  was  fent  to  relieve  the  Town,  and  charged 
the  Engli/h  on  Horfeback  feveral  Times  fo  gallantly, 
that  it  was  with  great  Difficulty  they  efcapcd  being 
either  killed  or  taken. 

VOL.  XXI.  O  It 

*  The  Proceedings  againft  thefe  Gentlemen  may  be  feen  in  the 
Statt  Tri  ah,  Vol.  IJ 

c  Dr.  H>'el<u.<o!>d  gives  us  the  following  Anecdote,  relating  to  the 
Affair  of  Dunkirk; 

1  The  e  was  an  Article  in  theTieatv  betwixt  f  ranee  and  the  Pro- 
teftor,  That  if  Dunkirk  ome  to  be  t.  ken,  it  ft'. old  be  immediately 
delivered  up  to  the  Englijh  j  and  his  Ambaflador,  Lotkbart,  had  Or- 
ders to  take  Pofleflion  or  it  accordingly.  When  the  I r,-ncb  Army, 
being  joined  by  the  Englifi  Auxiliaries,  was  on  it"  n-arch  to  inveft 
the  Town,  Crcimutll  Arnt,  onr  iM orninc ,  for  the  French  Ambafl"  dor 
to  Wb'.ntall ;  and  upbraided  him,  publickly,  for  his  Mailer'*  defined 
Breach  ot  Promife,  in  fivinp  fecret  Orders  to  the  I-rencb  Gen*i-l  to 
keep  PoflVflion  of  Dunkirk,  in  cafe  it  wa*  taken,  conTiar\  to  rhe 
Treaty  between  them.  The  Ambaflador  protefhd  he  knew  nothing 
of  the  Matter,  as  indeed  hr  did  not  ;  ^nd  bcgg'd  Leave  to  allure  him, 
"hut  there  was  no  fuch  Thing  thought  of. 

Upon. 


2  j  o     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  It  was  not  long  after  all  thde  important  Succeffes, 
J_6S8>  that  Cromwell  himfelf  was  called  upon  to  give  an 
""^T"""^  Account  of  his  Conduct  to  the  Supreme  Diipofer  cf 

September,         n   t-  T-*  r     /> 

all  Events:  Por,  on  the   I2th  ot  Auguft^  he  was 

His  Sicknefs  and  taken   iil  at  Hampton-Court^  and  died  on  the  3d  of 

Death.  September  following,  being  the   fame  Day  of  the 

fame  Month  on  which  he  had  gained  the  two  great 

Victories  of  D unbar ,  and  Worcefler-\  and  which  had, 

during  his  whole  Protectorate,  been  annually  obfer- 

ved  as  a  General  Thankfgiving. 

Remarks  on  his  It  is  not  within  the  Compafs  of  thefe  Enquiries, 
JJJjJjJV'r  wh'c'a  are  confined  to  the  Proceedings  of  Varlia- 
ments.  "  ^^'went^  to  attempt  the  General  Character  of  this 

Ufurper 

«  Upon  this  Cromwell,  pulling  a  Paper  out  cf  his  Pocket,  Here,  fay 4 
he,  is  the  Copy  of  Cardinal  Mazarin's  Order  :  And  I  d-f.re  you  ia 
difpatcb  immediately  an  Exprefs  to  let  him  know  that  I  am  r.ct  to  be 
impcfcd  upon;  and  that  if  he  deliver  not  up  the  Keys  of  the  Tuivn  cf 
Dunkirk,  to  Lockhart,  within,  one  Hour  after  it  jhall  be  taL-n,  tnl 
him,  V II  come  in  Perfon,  and  dtm.ind  tbim  at  the  Gates  of  Paris. 
There  \vcre  but  four  Perfons  Did  to  be  privy  to  this  Order,  tht 
Queen-Mother,  the  Cardinal,  the  Marihal  De  "Turenne,  and  a  Secre- 
tary. The  Cardinal,  for  a  long  Time,  blamed  tire  Queen,  as  it"  /he 
might  pofiibly  have  bl&bb'd  it  out  to  fome  of  her  Women  ;  whereas 
it  was  found,  after  the  Secretary's  Death,  that  he  had  kept  a  fecret 
Correfpondencs  with  Crew-well  for  feveral  Years  j  and  therefoie  it 
•was  not  doubted  but  he  had  fent  him  the  Copy  of  the  Order  above- 
mentioned. 

'  The  Mcfl'ige  hud  its  Effect ;  for  Dunkirk  was  put  into  the  Pofleflion 
of  the  Englijb  ;  and,  to  palliate  the  Matter,  the  Duke  DC  Crejuy  was 
difpatchrd  into  England  Ambaflador  Extraordinary,  to  compliment 
Cromwell,  attended  with  a  numerous  and  fplendid  Train  of  Perfons 
of  Quality  5  among  whom  was  a  Prince  of  the  Blood,  and  Mancini, 
Maxarins  Nephew,  who  brought  a  Letter  from  his  Uncle  to  the 
Protestor,  full  of  the  higheft  Expreffions  of  Refpeft ;  and  affuring  his 
Uighnefs,  That,  being  Within  View  of  the  Englijh  Shore,  nothing 
but  the  King's  Indifpofition  (who  then  lay  ill  of  the  Small-Pox  at 
Calais)  could  have  hindered  him  from  coming  over  to  England,  that 
he  might  enjoy  the  Honour  of  waiting  upon  one  of  the  greateft  Men 
that  ever  was  j  and  whom,  next  to  his  Mafter,  his  utmoft  Ambi- 
tion was  to  ferve :  But,  being  deprived  of  fo  great  a  Happinefs,  lie 
Jiad  fent  the  Perfon  that  was  neareft  to  him  in  Blood,  to  afl'ure  him 
of  the  profound  Veneration  he  had  for  his  Perfon;  and  how  much, 
he  was  icfolved,  to  the  utmoft  of  his  Power,  to  cultivate  a  perpe- 
tual Amity  and  Friend/hip  betwixt  his  Mafter  and  him. 

Welnvood' 's  Memoirs,  p.  112. 

'  Crumivell,  not  to  be  behind-hand  with  the  Cardinal  in  point  of 
Politenefs,  Jent  his  Son-in-Law,  the  Lofd  Fauccnl>erg,to  Calais,  t» 
congratulate  with  the  French  King  for  their  joint  Profpeiity ;  anjt 
mutual  Profefiions  were  then  renewed  between  them,  with  new  Obli- 
Never  to  make  Peace  without  each  other's  Confent. 

Tin  f.-i-ffa  Ptlnifati,  f.  336, 


Of   ENGLAND.       211 

Ufurper  of  Sovereign  Power;  who,  under  the  Title  Inter- 
of  Lord  Protector,  excrcifed  a  much  greater  Autho-  ^_^ 
rity  than  any  King  of  England  was  ever  pofiefled  of.  September. 
We  lhall  therefore  content  ourfelves  with  oblerving, 
That  though  Cromwell  fupported  the  Honour  and 
Dignity  of  the  Nation  abroad,  with  a  Spirit  and  Re- 
folution  equal  to  many,  and  fuperior  to  moft,  of 
our  Kings  :  Tho',  during  his  Adminiftration,  many 
excellent  Laws,  worthy  of  better  Times,  were  en- 
acted for  the  Benefit  of  the  Subject  at  home ;  and 
the  Benches  of  Juitiee  filled,  by  him,  with  Men  of 
the  greateft  Abilities  at  the  Bar :  Yet  not  one  of 
our  JVlonarchs,  nor  even  all  of  them  together,  fince 
the  Norman  Conqueft,  ever  trampled  upon  the  Li- 
berty and  Privileges  of  Parliament  with  fuch  Info- 
lence  and  Outrage :  For  he  abfolutely  nominated, 
by  his  own  Warrant,  all  thofe  that  conftituted  the 
firft  Aflembly  in  his  Protectorate  :  He  excluded,  by 
an  arm'd  Force,  every  Man  from  his  fecond,  tho' 
elected  by  the  People,  that  would  not  fubfcribe  an 
Engagement  to  fupport  his  lawlefs  Authority  :  And 
as  to  his  third,  after  ufing  all  the  bafeit  and  moft 
unjuftifiable  Means  poffible  to  influence  Elections, 
he  denied  Entrance  into  the  Houfe  to  near  100 
Members,  on  Pretence  of  their  not  being  approved 
by  his  Council,  before  he  could  obtain  even  the 
Appearance  of  a  Parliamentary  Sanction  of  his 
Power. 

At  the  fame  Time  it  muft  be  remembered,  to 
Cromwell's  Honour,  that  his  regulating  the  Manner 
of  Elections,  by  laying  afide  the  leiler  Boroughs, 
iiluing  out  new  Writs  to  Capital  Towns  of  Trade, 
and  increafing  the  Number  of  Knights  of  Shires, 
(thereby  tending  to  make  Members  of  Parliament 
more  really  and  effectually  the  Reprefcntatives  of 
the  People)  was  a  Noble  Work,  and  worthy  the 
Imitation  of  Modern  Times  :  Tho'  we  fear  it  will 
long  remain  among  the  Dtfiderata  of  our  ConfU- 
tution. 

Upon  this  Occafion,  the  Obfervations  of  two  The  Rcafonj 
modern  Authors,  touching  the  Origin  and  Founda-  Juryg|j (£"",1  re. 
tion  of  the  Leifer  Boroughs,  will  be  no  improper  Di-  turned  by.tocon' 

O    2  greffion  :  fidwaUe  T«wn», 


212     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  greffion :  And,  firft,  the  learned  Mr.  Carte  d,  who 

l6S8         accounts  for  it  in  this  Manner : 

September  *  Great  Part  of  the  Lawyers,  fays  this  Hiftorian, 
in  the  Inns  ot  Court,  being  infected  with  Puritanifm, 
in  their  Zeal  for  the  Caufe,  laboured  to  advance  the 
Intereft  of  their  Party  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons; 
and,  in  their  Searches  of  old  Recotds,  finding  feveral 
Towns  of  the  King's  Demefne  had  been  fummoned, 
once  or  twice,  by  Edward  I.  to  fend  their  Deputies  to 
Parliament,  (tho'  this  wife  Prince  did  not  live  above 
twelve  Years  after  his  Institution  of  the  third  Eftate, 
and  varied  the  little  Places  which  fent  Members 
from  Time  to  Time,  only  to  Tighten  a  Charge, 
that,  when  their  Reprefentatives  received  Wages, 
was  too  heavy  for  them  conftantly  to  bear)  yet  on 
this  bare  Pretence  of  their  having  had  one  or  two 
Summons,  they  took  it  into  their  Heads  to  main- 
tain, that  thefe  Demefne  Towns,  many  of  them 
inconfiderable  Villages,  were  Boroughs  by  Pre- 
fcription  ;  and  had  a  Right,  contrary  to  the  Inten- 
tion of  the  King  who  firft  fummoned  them,  to  fend 
Deputies  to  Parliament  in  all  future  Ages. 

'  Thus  the  Earl  of  Leicefter's  Town  of  Andover^ 
and  near  thirty  others,  in  which  the  Great  Men 
about  Court  had  an  Influence,  re-aflumed  the  Pri- 
vilege ;  and  increafed  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  in 
Queen  Elizabeth's  Time,  by  about  flxty  Members. 
This  feems  to  have  been  done,  during  her  Reign, 
only  by  the  Sheriffs  of  Counties  fending  Precepts  to 
fuch  Places  ;  probably  by  the  Direction  of  powerful 
Courtiers,  who  had  Intereft  enough  in  the  Houfe 
of  Commons,  (when  a  Debate  arofe,  in  the  i3th 
Year  of  that  Reign,  on  the  Introduction  of  eighteen 
Members  for  Towns  never  known  to  fend  any  be- 
fore) to  protect  them,  and  keep  the  Practice  from 
being  cenfured  ;  but,  in  the  fucceeding  Reigns,  the 
Commons  themfelves  made  ufe  of  the  fame  Pre- 
tence to  increafe  their  Members.  Thus  the  Puri- 
tans got  the  Afcendant  in  that  Houfe:  And  thus- 

was 

d  Hi/lay  of  England,  Vol.  IV.  p.  4. 


Of   ENGLAND.     213 

jr/as  an  unreasonable  Difproportion  in  the  Repre-  inter-regnum . 
fentation  of  the  Kingdom  introduced,  to  the  inn"- 
nite  Prejudice  of  the  Confli  ution. 

4  When Edwardl.  in  the  23d  Year  of  his  Reign, 
firft  fummoncd  the  Cities  and  Towns,  which  either 
held  of  him  in  Fee-farm,  or  were  Part  of  his  Royal 
Demefnes,  to  Parliament,  in  order  to  agree  for 
themlelves,  and  others  of  the  like  Tenure,  upon 
the  Rate  of  the  Talliages  due  from  them,  which 
had  before  been  fixed  either  by  the  Privy  Council, 
or  the  itinerant  Judges,  there  were  not  above  106 
Places  admitted  to  this  Privilege  Of  thefe,  fifty- 
five  were  either  Cities  or  the  principal  Towns  of 
Counties,  lummoncd  conftantly  ever  fince ;  the 
other  fifty-one  were  fmall  inconfiderable  Towns, 
Parcels  of  his  Demefne,  without  any  continued  Suc- 
ceffion  ;  the  Places  varying,  whilft  the  Number  was 
generally  preferved.  There  was  no  ill  Proportion 
in  this  Representation,  efpecially  at  a  Time  when 
the  &epre(entatives  of  thele  Cities  and  Towns  were 
folely  concerned  in  rating  their  own  Talliages,  and 
had  no  Suffrage  in  the  Taxation  of  the  Gentlemen 
and  Freeholders  of  Counties,  which  was  fettled  by 
the  Knights  of  Shires  alone,  aflembled  a-part  by 
themfelves.  But  the  Cafe  is  now  vaftly  altered  ; 
there  is  no  longer  any  juit  or  reasonable  Proportion 
in  the  Reprefemation  ;  for,  whiHt  all  the  Landed 
Intereft  is  rep-refented  by  ninety  two  Members,  and 
the  Trading  cr  Monied  Intereft  by  about  an  hun- 
dred Deputies  of  Cities  and  great  Towns,  there  are 
above  300  Reprefentatives  of  fmall,  inconfiderable, 
and  many  of  thefe,  bepgarly  Boroughs;  who,  by  a 
Majority  of  three  to  two,  are  able  to  difpofe  of  the 
Property  of  all  the  landed  and  opulent  Men  in  the 
Kingdom,  in  Defpite  of  their  unanimous  Difient. 
Thefe  have  been  long  confidcrcd  as  the  rotten  Part 
of  our  Conftitution  ;  and,  being  venal  as  well  as 
poor,  they  h;we  been  the  chief  Source  of  the  Cor- 
ruption complained  of  in  modern  Parliaments. 

*  Foreigners,    that  know  and  reflect  on  this  Ine- 
quality in  the  Reprefentation,  which  they  cannot 
ils  to  common  Senfe,  ftand  amazed  at  heaiv 
O  3  ing 


2 1 4.     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  ing  us  brag  of  the  Excellency  of  our  Conftitutution, 
when  it  labours  under  fo  Fundamental  a  Defect  j  and 
are  apt  to  doubt,  whether  the  Senfe  of  Parlia- 
ment be  really  the  Senfe  of  the  Nation.  The  Evils 
of  this  Inequality  are  great  and  notorious  ;  frequent 
Complaints  have  been  made  on  the  Subject,  and  va- 
rious Expedients  fuggjefted  for  Redrefs  j  but,  whe- 
ther thefe  gave  Diftafte  by  a  too  fudden  and  remark- 
able Alteration  of  the  Forms  and  Cuftoms  to  which 
the  Nation  had  been  long  inured,  none  of  them 
have  been  yet  adopted,  and  Room  is  left  to  offer 
another  to  the  Confideration  of  the  Public. 

'  Machiavel,  obferving  that  all  Constitutions  alter 
in  a  Courfe  of  Time,  and,  in  confequence  thereof, 
become  fabject  to  Corruptions  which  threaten  their 
utter  Subverfion,  thinks  no  Method  fo  likely  to 
prevent  the  impendent  Ruin,  as  by  refolving  them 
into  their  firll  Principles  ;  and  bringing  them  back,, 
as  near  as  poffible,  to  their  original  Condition. 
Were  this  Method  thought  proper  to  be  followed, 
and  Parliaments  reduced  nearer  to  their  original 
Conftitution,  which,  neither  in  this,  nor  in  any 
other  European  Country,  admitted  any  other  Re- 
prefentatives  than  of  the  Gentry  and  Freeholders, 
it  may  be  done  by  giving  the  Landed  Intereft  a 
greater  Power  and  Influence  in  Parliament,  than  they 
have  at  prefent ;  by  conferring  on  all  Freeholders, 
pofFefied  of  Eftates  of  40  or  $ol.  a  Year,  (who 
ought  certainly  to  have  a  better  Share  in  the  Repre- 
fentation,  than  a  Man  of  forty  Shillings)  within 
the  Hundreds  in  which  fitch  fmall  poor  Boroughs 
are  fituated,  a  Right  of  Voting,  equally  with  the 
Freemen  and  Inhabitants,  for  the  Election  of  Mem- 
bers to  reprefent  the  Boroughs  ;  and  by  making  the 
Steward,  or  Judge  of  the  Hundred-Court,  a  joint 
returning  Officer,  with  the  Reeve,  Conftable,  or 
other  Chief  Magiftrate  of  the  Borough.  As  Free- 
holders of  that  Subftance  retain  more  of  the  old 
Englijh  Spirit  than  any  other  Set  of  Men  in  the 
Nation,  and  are  the  leaft  corruptible,  this  would 
cut  off  at  once  all  the  fcandalous  Bargains  now  made 
by  Brokers  for  Boroughs  :  Nor  will  it  be  an  eafy 

Matter 


Of   ENGLAND.       215 

Matter  to  find  another  Method  for  putting  a  Stop 
to  Corruption  grown  fo  genera),  and  to  the  Vcnali- 
ty  of  Elections,  leis  exceptionable  than  this,  which 
hath  the  Advantage  of  being  agreeable  to  the  Spirit 
of"  our  Conftitution  ;  and  will,  without  any  (hock- 
ing or  glaring  Breach  of  Forms,  rectify  the  unhap- 
py Difproportion  which  reigns  at  prefent.  When 
the  infamous  Bribery  of  the  Inhabitants  of  StacJc- 
bridge  and  Hindon  provoked  an  Houfe  of  Commons 
fo  bring  in  Bills  for  disfranchising  them  e,  had  this 
Expedient  of  letting  in  the  neighbouring  fubftantial 
Freeholders  to  vote  with  them  in  Elections  been 
thought  of,  the  Remedy  would  have  appeared  lefs 
extreme,  and  it  might  have  effectually  flopped  a 
Corruption,  which  hath  not  been  lefTencd  by  the 
Danger  thofe  Boroughs  ran  of  being  disfranchifed. 
This  likewife  may  be  done  gradually,  and  almoft 
imperceptibly,  by  a  general  Refolution  of  punching 
the  Bribery  of  Boroughs,  in  fuch  a  Manner,  when- 
ever Occasions  fhould  offer:  And  it  would,  in  Time, 
reform  an  Evil,  which,  if  continued,  mu(l  prove 
the  utter  Ruin  of  the  Conftitution.' 

That  ingenious  Antiquary  and  Naturalift,  Mr. 
Borlafe,  accounts,  very  judicioufly,  for  the  great 
Difproportion  of  BurgeiTcs  elected  in  Cornwall f. 
*  As  this  County,  fays  he,  has  a  fo  much  greater 
Number  of  Boroughs  than  any  in  Great- Britain, 
and  fends  as  many  almoft  as  the  Kingdom  of 
Scotland  itfelf  g,  it  will  not  be  foreign  to  our  Pur- 
pofe,  to  inquire  into  the  Original  of  this  fo  much- 
envied  Privilege,  offending  To  great  a  Number  of 
Reprefentatives  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  from  fo 
fmall  a  County,  and  from  Boroughs  moftly  fo  in- 
confiderable  as  to  Trade,  Inhabitants,  and  every 
thing  that  can  intitle  Places  to  Diftinction  j  whilit 

feveral 

e  In  the  Year  1702.  See  Biihop  Eurncfs  Hillary  of  bit  own 
limei,  Vol.  II. 

f  Tbt  Natural  Hijlory  of  Corn-Mali,  printed  at  Oxford,  Anno  1758, 
p.  309,  et  fey. 

This  Gentleman  alfo  publiflied,  Anna  1754,  Obfervatiom  on  tb 
Antiquities,  Hiftorical  and  Monumental,  of  the  County  of  Cornwall. 

9  Cormvai/  fends  44  Members  to  Parliament;  and  Sutljnd  4 j, 


216     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY* 

Inter-regnum.  feveral  Towns  in  England^  much  fuperior  in  all 
^*  ^  refpedts x,  huve  never  been  ad  itied  to  the  fame 
Honour. 

4  This  Pre-eminence  of  Cornwall  is  not  antient : 
From  the  23d  of  Edward  I.  five  Boroughs  only, 
(viz.  Lance/ion,  Lifkerd^  Truro,  B  dman,  and  Hel- 
fton)  fent  two  Members  each,  and  the  County  two. 
Lojlwythyel  has  held  the  fame  Privilege  from  the  4th 
of  Edward  II.  and  fent  two  Members  once  before, 
viz.  in  the  33d  of  Edward  I.  *  Thefe  are  the  only 
fix  antient  Boroughs,  and  the  Number  was  neither 
diminifhed  nor  increafed,  till  the  6th  of  Edward  VI. 
excepting  only  in  one  Inftance,  which  fhall  be  ta- 
ken Notice  of. 

'  At  this  Time  (viz.  in  the  latter  End  of  the 
Reign  of  Edward  VI.)  feven  other  Boroughs,  viz. 
Saltajh,  Camelfordy  Weft-Loo,  Granpont,  Tindagel9 
Michel^  and  Newport ,  were  permitted  to  fend  up 
two  Members  each. 

*  In  the  ift  of  Mary,  Penryn,  and  in  the  4th  and 
5th  of  the  fame  Reign,  St.  Ivfs,  had  the  like  Pri- 
vilege. 

*  In  the  ift  of  Elizabeth^  Tregeny  was  admitted ;  in 
the  5th,  St.  German's  and  St.  Maw's ;  in  the  I3th, 
EaJl-LoQ  and  Fawy ;  and,  in  the  2yth  of  that  Reign, 
Callington,  making  up  the  Number  of  twenty- one 
Boroughs  ;  which,  with  the  County,  return  to  Par- 
liament forty  four  Members. 

'  The  Reafon  of  this  modern  Addition  to  the  Bo- 
roughs of  this  County,  may  (our  Author  thinks)  beft 
appear  from  confidering  that  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall 
(then  in  the  Crown,  and  oftener  fo  than  feparated 
from  it  z)  yields,  in  Tin  and  Lands,  an  hereditary 
Revenue,,  much  fuperior  to  what  the  Crown  has  in 
any  County  in  England;  and  that  eight  of  thefe  Bo- 
roughs a  had  either  an  immediate  or  remote  Con- 
nection with  the  Demefne  Lands  of  this  Duchy;  a 

Link 

x  Sberberxe,  Manchefter,  Birmingham,  Ely,  Burton  upon  Trent, 
Leeds  and  others. 

y  Notitia  Parliament  aria,   by  Dr.  Will's,  Vol.  II.    p.  37,  &c. 

z  Whenever  the  Sovereign  has  no  Son,  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall  is 
in  the  Crown. 

a  Xa.'tofi,  Camelford,  Weft-Ley,  Gratpont,  Tindagel,  Tregeny, 
St.  Maw's,  and  Eaft-Leo, 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      217 

formerly  of  much  ftridcr  Union  and  higher 
Command  than  at  prefenc.  Four  other  Boroughs 
depended  on,  or  wholly  belonged  to,  Religious 
Houfcs,  which  fell  to  the  Crown  at  the  DiiTolution  ScPtcrnbef» 
of  Monafteries  in  the  Reign  of  Henry  V11I.  For 
Inltancc,  Newport  rofe  with  Launcejion  Priory  b,  and 
with  it  tell  to  the  Crown.  Penryn  depended  much 
on  the  rich  College  of  Glafney,  and  iti  Lands;  the 
Manor  alfo  was  alienated  by  Ed-ward  VI.  c  but  re- 
ftored  by  Queen  Mary^  and  the  Town  privileged 
by  her.  St.  German's  was,  after  Bodrnan,  the  chief 
Priory  in  Cornwall ;  and  the  Borough  of  Fawy  fell 
to  the  Crown,  wich  the  Priory  of  Trewardralthy  to 
which  it  belonged. 

4  The  other  Boroughs  remain  to  be  taken  Notice 
of.  Michel  belonged  to  the  rich  and  highly  allied 
Family  of  the  Arundth  of  Lanhearne\  and  St.  I-ves 
and  Callington  to  the  Family  of  Pauulet^  (Marquis 
of  tiPincbtfttr.  now  Duke  of  Boston)  by  marrying 
the  Heirefs  of  Willoughby  Lord  Brook,  fometime  of 
Newton-  Ferrers^  in  this  County.  Now  thele  fe- 
veral  Connections  of  the  additional  Boroughs,  may 
point  out  to  us  the  Rile  of  this  Privilege. 

4  Henry  VII.  reduced  the  Power  of  the  ancient 
Lords ;  and,  consequently,  advanced  that  of  the 
Commons.  Henry  VIII.  enriched  many  of  the 
Commons  with  Church-Lands ;  and,  in  the  latter 
End  of  the  Reign  of  Edward  VI.  the  Duke  of 
Northumberland  could  not  but  perceive  of"  what 
Confequence  it  was  to  his  ambitious  Schemes,  to 
have  a  Majority  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons;  and 
Cornwall  Teems  to  have  been  pitched  upon  as  the 
mod. proper  Scene  for  this  Stretch  of  the  Preroga- 
tive, becaufe  of  the  large  Property  d;  and,  confe- 

quently 

b  The  Religiou«  of  Sit  Stephen's  Collegiate  ('hutch  being  removed 
from  the  Brow  of  the  Hill  into  »  lower  Situation,  contiguous  to  the 
"Walls  of Lavncefton,  about  300  Years  before,  the  Town  of  Ne-wfort 
wai  built  on  the  Ground  adjoining. 

«   Netitia  Parliamenttin  i,   Vol.  II.   p.  109. 

d  In  the  i  5¥hof//?»ry  VIII.  the  Revenue  of  the  Duchy  of  Corn- 
•wall,  with  its  dependent  Rights  and  Manors,  was  reckoned,  fays 
Sir  j.  Dodder. d^e,  at  10,095  A  * I  '•  9^'  which  i'roperty  became 
incre.ife.1  by  the  Fiil'.jf  Religious  Ho.:U:s  in  the  End  of  tht 


218     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  <juent!y,  Influence  of  the  Duchy:  Six  Towns  there- 
1658.  fore  depending  on  the  Duchy  and  Church-Lands, 
^  ~v~ '— '  and  one  Borough  of  a  powerful  Family,  were  in- 
(  Septem  er.  jujgej  to  fencj  j^  j\,jernberSi  The  Miniftry  of  thofe 
Days  were  not  fo  defective  in  Artifice,  as  not  to 
oblige  powerful  Lords,  now  and  then,  with  the 
fame  Indulgence  which  they  granted  to  thefe  Bo- 
roughs ;  thereby  endeavouring  either  to  reconcile 
them  to  their  Adminiftration,  or  to  make  this  guilty 
Increafe  of  the  Prerogative  lefs  invidious.  Queen 
Mary,  in  her  fhort  Reign,  (probably  from  the  fame 
Motives)  admitted  two  more;  and  Queen  Elizabeth^ 
who  never  rejected  any  Political  Precedent  which 
might  confirm  her  Power,  (though  always,  it  muft 
be  owned,  exerting  that  Power  for  the  Profperity  of 
her  People,  as  well  as  her  own  Glory)  admitted  fix 
other  Boroughs. 

'  The  only  Inflances  which  could  give  the  leaft 
Colour  of  Juftice  to  thefe  Proceedings,  were  few 
and  weak.  The  Borough  of  Tregeny  fent  BurgefTes, 
indeed,  twice,  viz.  in  the  23d  and  35th  ofE&udrdl, 
but  no  more  till  the  ift  of  Elizabeth.  EaJl-Loo  and 
Fawy  fent  one  and  the  fame  Merchant,  then  called 
a  Ship- Owner,  to  a  Council  at  Weftminfler  (not  to 
Parliament)  in  the  I4th  of  Edward  III.  c.  Of 
thefe,  however,  Queen  Elizabeth  laid  hold,  for  the 
more  fpecious  promoting  her  Defigns  :  In  her  firft 
Year,  (he  revived  the  Claims  of  Tregeny,  in  the 
fifth  of  her  Reign  f,  BurgeiFes  being  returned  for 
St.  German's  and  St.  Maw's,  in  Cornwall,  the 
Speaker  declared  in  the  Houfe,  That  the  Lord- 
Steward  agreed  they  (hould  refort  unto  the  Houfe, 
and  with  convenient  Speed,  to  {hew  their  Letters- 
Patents  why  they  be  returned  in  this  Parliament  :* 
But  they  were  no  farther  queftioned,  the  Queen's 
Inclinations  being  well  underftood.  % 

4  In  the  1 3th  of  Elizabeth,  both  EaJl-Loo  and 

Fawy 

e  See  the   original  Writ,  Prynnes  Bri-v.  Parliament,  Vol.  IV. 
ji.  186,  187,  where  J.  Shake/ok  was  returned  at  the  fame  Time  for 
Fclrtian  only  ;  and  thefe  Members  allowed,   for  forty-four  Days,  in 
going  to,  Maying,  and  returning  from  Wcflminjltr^  4/,   I2i. 
•f  Prynnis  Brrv.  Par!.  Vol.  IV.  p.  JI7&, 

S  WMit,  Vol.  II,  p.  1 68. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       219 

Fawy  elected  two  Members ;  which  being  taken 
Notice  of  and  examined  into,  *  Report  was  made 
by  the  Houfe  of  the  Validity  of  the  JJurgefles  ;  and 
it  was  oio'.Tcd,  by  the  Attorney-General's  Aflent, 
That  the  Burgefles  (hall  remain  according  to  their 
Returns;  for  that  the  Validity  of  the  Charters  is 
elfewhere  to  be  examined,  if  Caufe  be  V  «  By 
•which  Means  little  or  no  Difptite  being  made  againft 
the  Queen's  Power,  the  Houfe  became  greatly  in- 
;  with  Reprefenratives,  especially  by  the  feud- 
ing of  Burgefles  from  thofe  Boroughs.  * 

*  Nor  was  it  any  Objection,  adds  this  judicious 
Antiquary,  to  their  fending  up  Members,  that  thefe 
Boroughs  had  little  Trade,  few  Inhabitants,  and 
thofe  poor  and  of  no  Eminence  :  Thefe  Circum- 
frances,  in  all  Likelihood,  did  rather  promote  than 
prevent  their  being  privileged,  as  rendering  them 
more  tradtable  and  dependent,  than  if  they  had  been 
Jarge  and  opulent  Towns,  inhabited  by  Peifons  of 
Trade,  Rank,  and  Difcernment. 

'  It  is  true,  indeed,  thefe  Places,  fo  fummoned, 
were  old  Boroughs,  in  the  legal  Acceptation  of  the 
Word  ;  that  is,  had  Immunities  granted  them  by 
their  Princes  or  Lords,  Exemptions  from  Services 
in  other  Courts,  Privileges  of  exercifmg  Trades,  of 
electing  Officers  within  their  own  Diftri6r,  and  in- 
vefted  with  the  Property  of  Lands,  Mills,  Fairs,  &c. 
paying  annually  a  certain  Chief  or  Fee-P'arm  Rent; 
molt  of  them  alfo  were  Parts  of  the  antient  Demefnes 
of  the  Crown,  and  had  been  either  in  the  Crown,  or 
in  the  Royal  Blood,  from  the  Norman  Conqueftk, 
and  by  paffing  to  and  from  the  Crown  often,  and 
their  Privileges  conftantly  referved  and  confirmed  at 
every  Transfer,  thefe  Towns  had  acquired  a  Kind 
of  nominal  Dignity ;  but  were,  in  every  other  Light, 
inconfiderable,  and  no  ways  intitled  to  the  Power  of 
lending  Members  to  Parliament  j  much  lefs  in  Pre- 
ference to  fo  many  more  populous  Communities  in 
the  other  Parts  of  England. 

Thus 

h  Prime's  Part.  Re^ifltr,  Part   IV.  p.   H7q. 
i  Jf'/.'AV,  Vol.   II.  p.  102. 

k  Once  only  exempted,  when  Pierce  Gaveflon  was,  by  the  F*vouf 
Of  r.d"jvar,i  II,  Earl  of  Corn-watt  for  a  fliott  Time, 


220     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Thus  much  by  way  of  Digreflion  : Return 

we  now  to  our  Hiftory  of  Crom well 's  Protectorate  ; 
which  we  (hall  conclude  with  a  Catalogue  of  thofe 
who  thought  it  no  Difgrace  to  receive  Titles  of  Ho- 
nour from  that  Ufurper,  (befides  his  New  Houfe  of 
Lords,  and  the  Judges  appointed  by  him  in  the  fe- 
veral  Courts  at  Wejlmmfter,  whofe  Names  have  been 
already  mentioned  in  the  Courfe  of  our  Hillory,)  viz. 

VISCOUNT    and   BARON. 

Honours  eonf«f«  1657,   July  20.  Col.Charles  Howard,  of  Gillejland, 
c5J2^//TiriB  in  Cumberiand^  created  Baron  of 

jjs  F^otcftoraTe!  Gillejland*  and  V  ifcount  Howard 

of  Morpetb.  k 

2658,  April  26.  Edmund  bunch,  Efq;  created  Ba- 
ron Burnel,  of  Eaji  Wittenham, 
in  Berkjhire. 

BARONETS. 

1656,  June  25.   John  Read,    of  Brocket- Hall,  in 

Hertfordjhire,  Efq; 
^657,  July  16.  JohnCleypole,  of  Northampton/hire, 

Efq; 
Off.  6.  Thorns*  Chamberlain^  of  Wickham^  in 

Buckinghamjhire^  Efq; 
Thomas  Beaumont ',  of  St ought on- 

Grange,  in  Leicefterjh'ire^  Efq; 
24.  y^»    Twijleton^    of    Horfeman 's- 
Place,    in  Dartford,    in   ^«/3 
Efq;   ' 

Col.  /&I0JI  Ingoldjby. 
Henry  Wright^   of  Dagenham,  in 

£/^,  Efq; 
28.  Griffith  Williams t  of  Carnarvon- 

Jhire,  E^q; 

^/wg1.  13.  Edmund  Prideaux,  of  Padftow,  in 
Cornwall,  Attorney- General  to 
his  Highnefs. 

1658, 

k  Mr.  Wbithcke  had  an  Offer  of  a  Vifcount's  Patent,  but  did  not 
think  proper  to  accept  it.  Memorials,  p.  675. 

1  The  Original  Patent,  granted  by  Cromwell  to  this  Gentleman,  is 
now  in  the  Poffeflion  of  his  Dependents,  at  Ravtcli/t,  in  the  County 
' 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      221 

BARONETS.  Inter-regnun, 

1658,  Aug.  13.  William   Ellis,    of   Grantham,   in 
Lincoln/hire.  Sollicitor  General. 
28.  William   Wyndham,    of    Orcha*d- 
in  Somerjetjbire,  Efqj 


KNIGHTS. 
1653,     Feb.   8.  Thomas    Finer,    Lord    Mayor    of 
London. 

1655,  June   x.  John  Copleflon,E^  Sheriff  of  Dt- 

vonjhire. 
1  1  .  John  Reynolds,  Commiflary-Genc- 

r.:l  in  Ireland. 
Sept.  20.  Chrijiopher  Pack>  Lord  Mayor  of 

London. 
Jan.  17.  Col.  Thomas  Pride. 

19.  John  Bark/lead,  Lieutenant  of  the 
Tower  of  London. 

1656,  May   3.  M.  De  Coyte*  Relident  from  the 

Court  of  Sweden 
Augujl.   Richard  Combe,  of  Combt,  in  Hert- 

ford/hire, Efq; 
Sept.  15.  John  Dethick)  Lord    Mayor  of 

London. 
Geirpe  Fleetwood,  of  Buckingham- 

/hire,  Efq; 

Dec.  10.  Col.  William  Lockhart,  his  High- 
nefs's  Refident  at  the  Court  of 
France. 
James  Calthorpe,  Efq;  Sheriff  of 

Suffolk. 
15.   Robert  Titchburn^  Lord  Mayor  of 

London. 

Lijlebone  Long,  Recorder  of  London. 
Jan.  6.  Col.  James  Whitlo  he,  Son  of  the 

Lord  Commiflioner. 
March  3.  Thomas  Dicktnfon,  Alderman  of 

t#*. 
1657,  June  xi.  Richard  Stainer,  Commander  of 

the  Speaker  Frigate. 

Aug.  26.  William  Wheeler*  of  Channel-  Row, 
Wcjlminller,  Efq; 

KNIGHTS, 


T,'he  Parliamentary  Hi  s  T  OR  V 

KNIGHTS. 

Nov.  2.  Edward  Ward,  Efq;    Sheriff  of 
Norfolk. 

1  4.  Thomas  Andrews^  1    .  ,  , 
r*  0-7.  r  *  f   Aldermen   of 

ZJjr.  c.   Thomas  Foot,          >        r      , 

cri  *  L-  London. 

Thomas  Atkins.       } 

Col.  y0/;«  Hewfon. 
Jan.  6.  7<wx«  Dr/st*-,  Efq; 
//^.  ii.  Henry  Pickering,  of  Cambridge- 

/hire,  Efq; 

Col.  P/;;7/>  Tiu'ijteton. 
March  9.  7«/?«  Lenthall,  Efq-,  Son  of  7F/7- 
//tfw  Lentball,   Maftcr  of  the 
Rolls. 

Ireton,  Alderfhan  of  London. 


To  thefe  may,  not  improperly,  be  adued  the 
Names  of  the  feveral  Barriflers  called  to  the  Degree 
of  Serjeants  at  Law,  during  Crorreuiell'*  Protecto- 
rate ;  many  of  whom,  after  the  Reiteration,  be- 
came the  great  Ornaments  of  the  Bench. 

1653,  Jan.  25.  Richard  Pepys^    Thomas  Fletcher, 

and  Matthew  Hale,  Efqrs. 
Ftb.  9.  William  Steel,  Efq;  Recorder  of 
London,  afterwards  Lord  Chief 
Baron  of  the  Exchequer;  and, 
fince,  Lord  Chancellor  of  Ire- 
land. 

John  Maynard,  Richard  Newdi- 
gate,ThomasTwifden,  and  Hugh 
frFyndham,  Efqrs. 

^654,  June  21.  Union  Crake    and   John   Parker, 
Efqrs. 

,j655,  -  28.    Rc^er  Hill,  Efq; 

1656,  Off.   25.  William  Shephard*  Efq; 

Nov.  17.  John  Fountain  and.£Ww&ytf,  Efqrs* 

Befides  the  Honours  conferred  by  Oliver  Crom- 
well,  his  Son  Henry,  when  Lord-Deputy  of  Ireland, 
knighted  the  following  Perfons,  viz.  Col.  Matthew 
Tomlinfan,  Col.  Robert  Goodwin^  and  Henry  Jones, 
Efq;  a  Volunteer  at  Dunkirk. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       223 

Immediately  upon  the  News  of  Cromwell's  being  Inter- regminu 
dead,  the  following  Account  thereof  was  publifhed 
by  Authority : 

Wliiteball*  Sept.  3,   1658. 
6  TTTIS  moft  Serene  and  Renowned  Highnefs  Oli- 

JL  JL  ver  Lord  Protector,  being,  after  a  Sickncfs 
of  about  fourteen  Days  (which  appeared  an  Ague 
in  the  Beginning)  reduced  to  a  very  low  Condition 
of  Body,  began  early  this  Morning  to  draw  near  the 
Gate  of  Death  ;  and  it  pleafed  God,  about  Three 
o'Ciock  in  the  Afternoon,  to  put  a  Period  to'  his 
Life. 

*  We  would  willingly  exprefs,  upon  this  fad  Occa- The  Privy  Coun- 
fion,  the  deep  Sorrow  which  hath  poflefled  the cil  declare  his  el- 
Minds  of  his  moft  Noble  Son  and  Succeflbr,  w4 
other  deareft  Relations,  had  we  Language  fuffici-for. 
ent :  But  all  that  we  can  ufe,  will  fall  fliort  of  the 
Merits  of  that  moft  excellent  Prince.  » 

4  His 

a  In  a  Letter  from  Richard  Cromwell,  to  a  Relation  of  his,  he 
exprefles  himfelf  in  this  Manner  concerning  his  Father's  Sicknefs  j 
from  whence  may  be  formed  feme  Idea  ot"  his  own  Dilution  and 
Abilities. 

Whitehall,  Auguft  28,  1658. 

For  my  worthy  Friend  Captain  John  Dunche,  at  Peufey,  near 
Abington,  in  Berk/hire. 

SIR, 

T  Intended  to  have  written  to  you  by  the  fuft  Return,  but  fine* 
'  J.  his  Highnefs  has  been  fo  ill,  that  I  have  not  had  either  Oppor- 
'  tunity  or  Delirc  to  fet  Pen  to  Paper  j  we  have  not  been  without 
'  very  great  Fears  j  for  his  Highnefs's  Illnefs  hath  been  fuch  as  hath 

*  put  the  Phyficians  to  a  Nonplus.  Our  Hopes  are  fomewhat  incrcafed 
'  by  this  Fit  of  an  Ague  ;  and  fliall  it  pleafe  God  to  go  on  with  his 

*  gentle  Hand,  and  bring  him  temperately  out  of  this  Fit,  and  not 
'  renew  it,  at  the  Time  his  former  Fit  began,  or  vifit  us  with  * 
'  Quartan,  we  mall  have  fome  reviving  Comfort,  and  Caufe  to  mag- 
'  niry  his  Goodnefs  j  it  being  a  new  Life  to  his  Higlmefs  and  the  Af- 
'  fairs,  as  they  now  ftand,  of  this  Nation,  with  the  Proteflant  In- 

*  tereft  of  Chriftendom.    J  believe  the  Rumours  of  this  dangerous 
'  Illnefs  hath  flown  into  all  Parts  of  thi«  Nation,  and  hath  caufcd 
'  feveral  Perfonsof  ill  Affeclions  to  prick  up  their  Ears,  which  will 
'  caufe  Friends  to  be  vigilant,  for  they  will  hope  they  have  a  Game 
'  to  play  :  It  is  a  Time  that  will  difcover  all  Colours,  and  much  of 
'  the  Difpofition  of  the  Nation  may  now  be  gathered.     I  heard  that 

*  thofe  who  have  been  Enemies,  others  that  have  been  no  Friends, 
'  fome  of  both,  are  ftartled  ;  fearing  their  PolTeflions,  and  worjfe 
'  Conditions,  not  confidering  their  Affeclion,  in  this  Hazard  his 

J:  mud  be  tke  Gesdpcfs  of  God  t,)ut  fhall  fave 


Inter-regnum. 
1658. 

September. 


224     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

«  His  firft  Undertakings  for  the  Publick  Intereft, 
his  working  Things  all  along,  as  it  were,  out  of 
the  Rock;  his  founding  a  Military  Difcipline  in. 
thefe  Nations,  fuch  as  is  not  to  be  found  in  any 
Example  of  preceding  Times  ;  and  whereby  th£ 
Noble  Soldiery  of  thefe  Nations  may,  without  Flat- 
tery 

'  him,  and  his  Knowledge  of  the  State  of  England  and  Chriftendom  j 

*  the  Spirit  of  Prayer  which  is  poured  out  for  him,  and  the  Faith 

*  which  is  ac"red  on  Behalf  of  him,  gives  us  the  beft  Comfort  and 
'  Hopes  :  Mine  and  my  Wife's  Refpecls  to  your  Father  and  Mother.* 


/  reft  yours, 


R.  CROMWELL. 


For  the  above  Letter,  and  feveral  others  of  Oliver  and  Richard 
Cromwell,  we  are  obliged  to  the  Hon.  Horace  Walpole,  Efq;  Member 
of  Parliament  for  Lynn,  who  tranfcribed  them  from  the  Originals 
found  at  Peufey,  the  Scat  of  the  Duncbes  Family,  in  Berkjkire. 

Sir  Philip  Warwick  and  Mr.  Ludtoi-j  inform  us,  That  during 
Cromwell's  Illnefs,  Goodivyn,  his  Chaplain,  ufed  this  Expreffion  in  his 
Prayer,  Lord,  -we  leg  r.ot  for  bit  Ren-very,  for  that  tbou  baft  already 
granted  and  afjured  us  of$  but  for  bit  ffeedy  Recovery,  becaufe  there 
are  divers  Things  of  great  Moment  to  be  difpafcbed  by  him 

Another  Contemporary,  (in  a  Pamphlet,  infilled,  A  Second  Nar- 
rative of  the  (ate  Parliament,  printed  in  the  ffth  Tear  of  England's 
Slavery,  under  its  new  Monarchy ,  16158  )  writes,  That  when  the  News 
of  Cromvueirs  Death  wa ;  brought  to  the  Minifte-s  and  others  who  were 
praying  for  him,  iri  the  Chapel  at  Whitehall,  Peter  &terry,  one  of  his 
Chaplains,  flood  up  and  defiied  the  Company  not  fo  be  troubled  : 
For,  faid  he,  This  is  good  News  :  Then  holdin  forth  his  Bible,  he 
ipoke  to  this  Purpofe  :  That  if  that  -were  the  Word  of  God,  then  at 
certainly  that  bleJJ'ed  holy  Spirit  (mean;ng  the  late  Pro'cdlor)  ivas 
•with  Cbrift  at  tbe  Right  Hand  of  the  Father  :  And  if  he  were  tbert, 
vjhat  might  not  his  family,  and  tbe  People  of  God,  novj  expflJ  from 
him  ?  For  if  b;  taere  Jo  ufeful  and  helpful,  and  fo  much  Good  was  in- 
fluenced, from  him  to  them,  •whin  be  ivas  here  in  a  mortal  State,  boio 
much  more  Influence  would  ccme  frim  him  novj  be  isas  in  Heaven  f  Tbe 
Father,  Son,  and  Spirit,  th>o  him,  bejlo<wing  Gifts  and  Gracat  upon 
them  — With  a  great  deal  more  to  the  f>me  blafphemous  Purpofe. 

But  thefe  EnthufiafticRhapfodies  were  not  confined  to  Cromweirs 
Chaplains  j  for  Fleetivood,  Henry  Cromwell,  Lord  Fauconberg,  Tbur- 
loe,  and  others,  fall  very  lirtle  fhort  of  them  j  as  may  be  fcen  in  their 
Letters  on  Occ^fion  of  the  P  o  eclor's  Sirknefs  and  Death  5  of  which 
the  following  Extracts  are  a  fufficient  Specin.en,  vix. 

THURLOE'S  Letter  to  HENRY  CROMWELL,  Lord  Deputy  of  Ire- 
land, Avgxfi  24,   1658. 

'  Your  Excellency  will  eafily  imagine.  h»w  much  Trouble  we  are 
'  all  under  here,  on  Occafron  of  his  Highr.cfs's  Illnefs  :  And  though 
«  it  laall  pieafe  the  Lord  to  recorer  him  again,  yet  certainly  confider- 
•  ing  the  Time  that  this  Vifiuticn  is  in,  and  other  Ckcumftanccs 

«  rela' 


Of    ENGLAND.       225 

tery,    be  commended  for  Piety,    Moderation,   and  inter- rc^num. 
Obedience,  as  a  Pattern  to  be  imitated,  but  hardly        1658. 
to  be  equalled,    by  fucceeding  Generations :    His  *—  ~^" 
Wifdom  and  Piety  in  Things  Divine  j  his  Prudence    S*Pteml>er' 
in  Management  of  Civil  Affairs,    and  Conduct  of 
Military,  and  admirable  SuceefTes  in  all,  made  him 
a  Prince  indeed  among  the  People  of  God ;  by  whofe 
Prayers  being  lifted  up  (o  the  Supreme  Dignity,  he 
became  more  highly  feated  in  their  Hearts,  becaufe, 
in  all  his  Aclings,  it  was  evident  that  the  main  De- 
VOL.  XXI.  P  fign 

'  relating  thereunto,  it  cannot  but  greatly  afTecl  us  all  towards  Ged  j 
'  and  make  us  deeply  fenfible  how  much  our  Dependance  is  upon 

•  him,  in  whofc  Hands  is  the  Life  and  Breath  of  this  his  old  Servant  j 
'  and  if  he  ftiould  take  him  away   from  amongft  us,  how  terrible  a 
'  Blow  it  would  be  to  all   the  good  People  of  the  Land  ;  and  that 
'  therefore  we  fiiould  be  careful  how  \ve  walk  towards  God,  left  ws 
'  provoke  him  to  depart  from  us,  and  bring  upon  us  this  great  Evil. 

•  The  People  of  God,  here,  pray  much  for  his  Recovery,  and  I  hope; 
'  thofe  in  Ireland  will  do  the  fame  j   for  to  have  his  Life  fpared,  and 
«  his  Health  reftored,  by  Prayer,  will  be  a  great  Addition  to  r.hp 
«  Mercy.' 

General  FLEITWOOD  to  HENRY  CROMWELL  of  the  fame  Date  tvitk 

the  abwe. 

'  There  arc  none  but  what  are  deeply  concerned  in  this  Difpenfa- 
'  tion  of  the  Lord  towards  his  Highnefs,  that  have  a  true  Love  to 
'  the  blcffed  Caufe  :  For  the  further  carrying  on  of  the  fame,  the 
'  Lord  will  bring  him  forth  with  more  Vigour,  Life,  and  Zeal,  his 
'  Highnefs  having  had  very  great  Difcpveries  of  the  Lord  to  him  in 
'  his  Sicknefs ;  and  hath  had  fome  Afluiances  of  his  being  reftorcd, 
'  and  made  further  fervicr.able  in  this  Work  :  This  latter  is  fecretly 
'  kept,  and  therefore  I  ihall  dtfire  it  may  not  go  further  than  ycup 
'  own  Breaft  ;  but  I  think  there  is  that  in  this  Experience,  which, 
'  may  truly  be  worthy  of  your  further  Knowledge.' 

THURLOI  to  HENRY  CROMWELL,  Stft.  4,  1658. 
«  The  Lord  Proteftor  died  Yefterday,  about  Four  of  the  Clock  in 
'  the  Afternoon.     I  am  not  able  to  fpeak  or  write,  this  Stroke  is  fy 
'  fore,  fo  unexpected  ;  the  Providence  of  God  in  it  fo  ftupcnduous, 

<  confidtring  the  Perfon  that  is  fallen,  the  Time  and  Seafon  wherein 
'  God  took  him  away,  with  other  Circumftances,  that  I  can  do  no- 

•  thing  but  put  my  Mouth  in  theDuft,  and  fjy,  It  :t  the  Lord-,  an4 

•  though  his  Ways  be  not  always  known,  yet  they  are  always  rigrxe- 
'  ous ;  and  we  muft  fubmit  to  his  Will,  and  xefign  up  ourfelvcs  to 
'  him  with  all  our  Concernments. 

'  It  is  not  to  be  fdid  what  Affliction  the  Army  and  all  People 
'  fiiew  to  Lis  late  Highnefs ;  his  Name  is  already  precious.  Never 

•  was  there  any  Man  fo  prayed  for  as  he  was  during  his  Sicknefs ; 

<  fulemn  Afll-mblies  meeting,  every  Day,  to  befccch  the  Lord  for 
'  th:  Continuance  of  l.is  Life  ;  fo  that  he  is  gone  to  Hea\en,  em- 

•  balmed  with  the  Tears  of  his  People,  and  upon  the  Wings  of  th« 
»'  ?ra.yers  of  the  Saints,'       b-.attPaftrt,  Vol.  VII.  p.  355,  tt  ftj, 


226     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 
fjgn  was  to  make  his  own  Intereft  one  and  the  fame 
with  theirs,  that  it  might  be  fubfervient  to  the  ereat 
Ititer&ofJefusChrt/t. 

'  And  in  the  promoting  of  this,  his  Spirit  knew 
no  Bounds ;  his  Affeclion  could  not  be  confined  at 
home,  but  broke  forth  into  foreign  Parts,  where 
he  was,  by  good  Men,  univerfaily  r.dmired  as  an 
Extraordinary  Perfon  raifed  up  of  God,  and  by  them 
owned  as  the  great  Proteclor  and  Patron  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Profeffion.  This  being  faid,  and  the  World 
itfelf  witnefs  of  it,  we  can  only  add,  That  God 
gave  him  Bleffings  proportionable  to  all  thefe  Vir- 
tues; and  made  him  a  Bleffing  to  us,  by  his  Wif- 
dom  and  Valour,  to  fecure  our  Peace  and  Liberty, 
and  to  revive  the  antient  Renown  and  Reputation  of 
our  Native  Country. 

*  After  all  this,  it  is  remarkable,  how  it  pleafed 
the  Lord,  on  this  Day,  to  take  him  to  reft,  it  having 
formerly  been  a  Day  of  Labours  to  him  ;  for  which 
both  himfelf  and  the  Day  (Sept.    3.)  will  be  mod 
renowned  to  Pofterity ;  it  having  been  to  him  a  Day 
of  Triumphs  and  Thankfgiving  for  the  memorable 
Victories  of  Dunlar  and  Woreefter:  A  Day  which, 
after  fo  many  ftrange  Revolutions  of  Providence, 
high   Contradictions   and    wicked  Confpiracies    of 
unreafonable  Men,  he  lived  once  again  to  fee  ;  and 
then  to  die,  with  great  Afiurances  and  Serenity  of 
Mind,  peaceably  in  his  Bed. 

*  Thus  it  hath  proved  to  him  to  be  a  Day  of  Tri- 
umph indeed  j    there  being  much  of  Providence  in 
it,  that,  after  fo  glorious  Crowns  of  Victory  placed 
on  his  Head  by  God,  on  this  Day,  having  neglect- 
ed an  Earthly  Crown,  he  fhould  now  go  to  receive 
the  Crown  of  Everlafting  Life. 

*  Being  gone,  to  the  unfpeakable  Grief  of  all  good 
Men,    the  Privy  Council  immediately  afiembled  ; 
and  being  fatisfied  that  the  Lord  Protector  was  dead, 
and  upon  fure  and  certain  Knowledge  that  his  late 
Highnefs  did,    in  his  Life-time,    according  to  the 
Humble  Petition  and  Advice,    declare  and  appoint 
the  molt  Noble  and  Illuftrious  Lord  the  Lord  Rich- 
ard, JDldeft  Sou  of  his  &id  Highnefs,    to  fucceed 

him 


Of    ENGLAND.      227 

him  in  the  Government  as  Lord  Protector,  it  was  inter-regnum. 
fo  rcfolved  at  the  Council  b  •>  which  being  made 
known  to  the  Officers  of  the  Army,  it  was  pleafant 
to  behold,  with  how  much  Content  and  Satis- 
fa6tion  they  received  the  Notice  of  it,  and  unani- 
moufly  concurred  therewith;  being  reiblved,  to 
their  utmoft,  to  maintain  the  SucceiTion,  according 
to  Law  :  Which  worthy  Refolution  of  theirs,  as  it 
fpeaks  them  Men  of  Honour,  Prudence,  and  Fideli- 
ty, mindjjul  of  the  Merits  of  their  late  great  Leader, 
and  Common  Father,  and  of  the  grand  Intereft  of 
Eftablifhment,  after  all  our  Shakings  ;  fo  it  is  but 
anfwerable  to  the  Worth  and  Noblencfs  of  his  Son, 
who,  in  all  Refpe&s,  appears  the  lively  Image  of 
his  Father,  the  true  Inheritor  of  his  Chriftian  Vir- 
tues ;  a  Perfon,  who  by  his  Piety,  Humanity,  and 
other  Noble  Inclinations,  hath  obliged  the  Hearts 
of  all ;  and  thereby  filled  this  People  with  Hopes  of 
much  Felicity,  through  God's  Bleffingupon  his  Go- 
vernment. 

'  The  Council  having  waited  upon  the  New  Lord 
Protector,  the  Prefident  acquainted  him  with  their 
Proceedings,  to  which  his  Highnefs  made  a  fuitable 
Return,  in  Countenance  and  Language,  exprefling 
a  very  deep  Senfe,  as  well  of  his  own  Sorrow  for 
the  Lois  of  his  rnoft  dear  Father,  as  of  the  Faith- 
fulnefs  and  fmgular  good  Affection  manifefled  by 
the  Council  toward  his  deceafed  Father  and  himfelf, 
in  the  prefent  Occasion,  and  of  the  great  Weight  of 
P  2  Govern- 

*  Sir  Philip  War-wick,  in  his  Memoirs,  fays,  '  He  was  aCuted  by 
one  of  Cromwell' 's  Phyficians,  with  whom  he  was  intimately  ac- 
quainted, that  the  Protector,  during  his  whole  Sicknefs,  was  never 
Matter  of  fo  niuch  Rcafon  as  to  determine  any  thing  concerning  his  "* 
Succeflbr,  or  Matters  of  State  ;  altlio'  it  was  pretended,  by  Secretaiy 
1 'burke,  and  Gt'.dinln  his  Chaplain,  that  he  appointed  his  Son  Rich- 
ard to  furceed  him  5  and  that  the  Council  duift  not  proclaim  him 
as  Protector  ontill  fleeiiowd,  his  Brother-in-Law,  and  Deftaraxgi, 
his  Uncle,  had  given  their  Confent  j  betaufe  it  was  well  known  that 
Oliver  had  figned  an  Inftrument,  by  which  the  Protedoifhip  was  to 
devolve  upon  FltefwooJ. 

Mr.  Mcliett  in  Iiis  Life  of  Lord  Brogblll,  confirms  the  Account 
ofCiwwtir*  Intentions  Ln  Favour  of  bi^nvcodi  adding,  That  when 
Crewel!  was  a/ked,  Who  fhould  fucceed  him  ?  he  aalwered,  Th  »r 
in  fuch  a  Drawer  in  a  Cabinet  of  his  Clofer,  they  ffiould  find  his  W,ll } 
but  that  one  cf  his  Daughters  had  taken  it  awvy,  and  burnt  it, 


228     'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 


September 


Inter-regnum.  Government,  by  God's  Providence,  now  laid  up- 
1  °  on  k's  Shoulders  ;  and  which  he  could  not  hope  to 

^u^am  anv  other  Way,  than  by  being  borne  up  by 
their  Prayers,  and  by  the  Prayers  of  the  reft  of 
God's  People,  whofe  Peace  and  Profpeiity  he 
would,  to  the  utmoft  of  his  Power,  endeavour  to 
promote  in  the  Government  of  thefe  Nations,  &c. 

'  The  next  Morning,  about  Nine,  the  Lords  of 
the  Council  meeting  in  the  Council  -Charffber,  gave 
Command  for  the  proclaiming  of  the  Lord  Protec- 
tor ;  and  all  Things  being  in  Readinefs,  with  divers 
Troops  of  Horfe  and  Companies  of  Foot  attending, 
betwixt  the  Hours  of  Ten  and  Eleven,  the  Trum- 
pets founded  ;  the  Trumpeters  went  before  the 
Heralds  and  Officers  at  Arms  in  their  Formalities, 
and  three  Serjeants  at  Arms  with  their  Maces  fol- 
lowed. As  they  pafied  along  the  Court,  they  did 
Obeifance,  three  Times,  to  their  Lordfhips  of  the 
Council,  who  (hewed  themfelves,  out  at  the  Coun- 
cil-Chamber-Window, Witneffes  of  this  high  and 
happy  Solemnity  before  a  numerous  Concourfe  of 
People.  Then  the  Officers  drawing  near  under  the 
Window,  a  Trumpet  founded  ;  after  which  one  of 
the  Clerks,  attending  the  Council,  produced  the  Pro- 
clamation, which  was  read  aloud  by  Norroy  King  at 
Arms,  in  the  following  Words  : 

er  of  TfcrHEREAS  it  hath  pleafcd  the  rmji  Wife  GW, 

r°"  7*  his  Prov'ldence->    to  take  out  °f  this  World) 

the  mo  ft  Serene  and  the  moft  Renowned  Oliver,  late 
Lord  Proteflor  of  this  Commonwealth  ;  and  his  fold 
*  Highnefs  having,  in  his  Life-time  ,  according  to  the 
Humble  Petition  and  Advice,  declared  and  appointed 
the  mcft  Noble  and  Illuftrious  toe  Lord  Richard, 
eldeft  Son  of  his  faid  late  Highnefs,  to  fucceed  him 
in  the  Government  of  thefe  Nations  :  We  therefore  of 
the  Privy  Council,  together  with  the  Lord  Mayor^ 
Aldermen,  and  the  Citizens  cf  London,  the  Officers 
of  the  Army,  and  Numbers  of  other  principal  Gentle  - 
da  now  hereby,  with  one  full  Voice  and  Con- 

fent 


The  Mann 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       229 

fent  of  Tongue  and  Heart,  publijh  and  declare  the 
faid  Noble  and  IlluJIrious  Let  a  Richard  to  be  right- 
fully  Protector  ef  this  CwimomueaUh  of  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and  the  Dominions  and  Ter- 
ritorics  thereto  belonging  ;  to  whom  we  do  acknowledge 
all  Fi.'Ielitv  and  conjlant  Obedience,  according  to  Law, 
and  the  faid  Humble  Petition  and  Advice,  with  all 
hearty  and  humble  Affections  ;  befeeching  the  Lord, 
by  whcm  Princes  rule,  to  blefs  him  with  long  Life* 
and  thefe  Nations  with  Peace  and  Happinejs  under 
his  Government. 

RlCHARoCHIVERTON,       PHILIP  JoNES. 

Mayor.  Jo.  THURLOE. 

HENRY      LAWRENCE,  FAUCONBERG. 

Prejidcnt.  EDWARD  WHALLEY. 

NATHANIEL  FIENNES,  W.  GOFFE. 

C.  5.  THO.  COOPER. 

JOHN  LISLE,  C.  S.  OLIVER  FLEMING. 

C.  FLEETWOOD.  JOHN  CLERK. 

P.  LISLE.  THOMAS  PRIDE. 

Jo.  DESBROWE.  EDMUND  PRIDEAUX. 

E.  MONTAGU.  TOBIAS  BRIDGE. 

GIL.  PICKERING.  ED.  SALMON. 

CHA.  WOLSELEY.  J.  BISCOE. 

PHILIP  SKIPPON.  WALDINE  LAGOE. 

WILLIAM  SYDENHAM.  JOHN  MILLS. 

WAL.  STRICKLAND.  E.  GROSVENOR,  bV, 
God  fave  His  Highnefi  RICHARD  Lord  Protestor. 

*  This  was  follow'd  with  loud  Acclamations  ot" 
the  People,  God  fave  the  Lord  Protector. 

'  Then  the  Heralds,  Serjeant  at  Arms,  and  other 
Officers,  mounting  on  Horfebaclc  at  the  Court- 
Gate,  departed  towards  Weftminjhr\  and  the  Lords 
of  the  Council,  in  their  Coaches,  accompanied 
them,  together  with  the  Lords  Commiffioners  of  the 
Great  Seal  and  other  high  Officers  of  State,  with 
the  Officers  of  the  Army,  attended  by  his  Highnefs's 
Gentlemen  of  his  Life-guard,  the  Gentlemen  of 
his  Houfhold,  and  a  large  Train  of  Perfons  of  Ho- 
nour and  Quality  mounted  on  Horfeback,  as  alfo 
by  feveral  Troops  and  Companies  of  Horfe  and 
P  3  Foot; 


230     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  Foot  j  who  being  arrived  in  the  Palace-Yard  at 
1658.        Weftminfter^  Proclamation  was  made,  as  before,  by 
~v~~'— f    Sound  of  Trumoet,  and  feconded  bv  the  Rejoicings 
September.      of  the  peop}e. 

'  From  thence  they  proceeded  along  the  Strand 
towards  Temple-Bar^  where  the  Lords  of  the  Coun- 
cil and  the  whole  Company  being  received  by  the 
Lord  Mayor  of  London,  in  his  Purple  Velvet  Gown, 
with  the  Aldermen  his  Brethren,  in  State,  on  Horfe- 
back,  their  Attendant  Officers,  and  the  Committee 
of  the  Militia  of  London,  they  proceeded  to  Chancery 
Lane  End,  and  thence  to  the  End  of  Wood-Street^  ia 
Cbeapjide ;  at  both  which  Places  Proclamation  was 
made  again,  and  the  good  Affections  of  the  City 
abundantly  teftified  by  their  joyful  Acclamations. 

'  From  thence  the  whole  Company  went  to  the 
Royal  Exchange,  in  Cornhill^  where  they  arrived  at 
high  Exchange-Time  ;  and,  in  the  Audience  of  an 
innumerable  Concourfe  of  People,  his  Highnefs  our 
moft  Serene  Prince,  RICHARD  Lord  Protector, 
was,  the  laft  Time,  proclaimed  j  after  which,  the 
largeft  Demonftrations  of  Love  and  Loyalty  were 
lively  fet  forth  in  the  Tongues  and  Countenances 
of  the  Citizens  of  that  renowned  City,  whofe  Wel- 
fare and  Profperity  was  much  in  the  Eye  and  upon 
the  Heart  of  his  Princely  Father ;  and  their  Senfe 
of  it  was  manifefted  by  their  reiterated  Shouts  and 
Acclamations,  upon  this  great  Occafion ;  many 
Vollies  of  Shot  alfo  were  given  by  the  Soldiery, 
drawn  up  there  to  attend  the  Ceremony. 

*  About  Four  in  the  Afternoon,  the  Lord  Mayor 
and  Aldermen,  in  their  Formalities,  went  to  White- 
hally  to  make  their  dutiful  Acknowledgements,  in 
the  Name  of  the  City,  to  the  New  Lord  Protestor, 
as  well  to  condole  with  him  for  the  Death  of  his 
late  Highnefs,  as  to  congratulate  him  touching  his 
own  Pofleflion  of  the  Prote&oral  Dignity,  and  to 
/urrender  up  the  Sword  of  the  City  ;  who  being  in- 
troduced into  a  Room  of  Attendance,  the  Council 
in  the  mean  Time  met  together ;  and,  after  a  while, 
their  Lordfhips,  together  with  the  Lord  Mayor  and 
Aldermen,  being  admitted  to  his  Highnefs's  Prefence 

in 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       231 

in  a  large  Room,  the  Lord  Mayor  presented  the 
City  Sword  to  him,  which  he  receiving,  immedi- 
ately  returned  it  into  the  Hands  of  the  Lord  Mayor, 
After  fome  other  Ceremonies  pafled,  Dr.  Thomas 
Goodwin  flood  forth  and  prayed  unto  the  Lord  for 
a  Bleiling  upon  his  Highnefs's  Perfon,  his  Govern- 
ment, his  Forces,  by  Sea  and  Land,  and  upon  all 
the  People  of  tliefe  Nations,  &c.  which  being  ended, 
the  moil  Noble  Nathaniel  Lord  Plenties,  one  of  the 
Lords  Commiffioners  of  the  Great  Seal,  and  one  of 
his  Highnefs. 's  moft  Honourable  Privy  Council,  ad- 
miniftercd  the  Oath  to  his  Highnefs,  as  prefcribed 
by  the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice.  a 

*  This  being  done,  his  Highnefs  addrefled  him- 
felf  to  the  Lord  Mayor,  exprcfling  his  high  Appre- 
henfions,  touching  the  good  Affections  and  Fidelity 
of. the  City  toward  his  own  Perfon  and  Government; 
his  Lordfhip  and  his  Brethren  thereupon  humbly 
took  their  Leave  and  departed  ;  and    his  Highnefs, 
with  his  Privy  Council,  retiring  into  another  Room, 
a  Proclamation,  pafled  by  the  Council,  was  there 
prcfented  and  read  to  him,  and  confented  to  by  him, 
iignifying  his  Highnefs's  Pleafure,  That  all  Perfona 
who  were  in  Office  under  the  Government,  at  the 
Deceafe  of  his  late  Highnefs,  (hould  fo  Continue  till 
further  Directions. 

*  Then  the  Council  departing,  the  Officers  of  the 
Army  went  in,  and  made  their  perfonal  Addrefles  to 
his  Highnefs,  by  whom  they  were  gracioufly  receiv'd. 

*  The  Ceremony  of  the  Day  being  over,   the 
Evening  concluded  with  the  Report  of  an  hundred 
Pieces  of  Ordnance  planted  upon  the  Tower. 

Our  Gazetteer  clofes  his  Narrative  with   the 
following  Prayer,  May  all  the  Days  of  his  High- 
neffs  Life  be  crowned  with  the  Blejfings  of  the  moft 
High  God,  and  the  high  eft-  Affeftions  of  bis  People.' 
Thus  was  Richard  Cromwell  proclaimed  Oliver's 
lawful  Succcflbr ;  and  became  poflefled  of  all  his 
Father's  Greatnefs,  and  all  his  Glory,  without  the 
public  Hate  that  vifibly  attended  the  other;  in  Ho- 
ziour  of  whofe  Character,  fome  of  the  greateft  Ge- 
nius' 
»  The  Form  of  this  Oath  if  already  given,  at  p,  148, 


"Parliamentary  HISTO&V 

Intcr-regnum.  nius'  of  the  Age,  as  Waller  *   Dryden,  Sprat,  and 
5s8>        others,  facrificed  their  own.    Both  the  Universities, 
September.    a^°»  exerc^e^  tneir  Wits  upon  this  Occafion,  iii 
poetical  Condolences  and  Congratulations. 

Lieutenant- General  Fleet-wood ',  in  the  Name  of 
HiVluittfsAccef-the  Officers  of  the  Army  in  England;  Monk>  for 
feTbyth?  Three thofe  of  Scotland>  Sir  Charles  Coote,  for  Ireland;  and 
Kingdoms.         Lockhart^  from  Dunkirk ;  all  congratulated  Richard's 
Acceffion,   and  renewed  their  Vows  of  Fidelity  to 
him  ;   Admiral  Montague,  in  Behalf  of  the  Navy, 
did  the  fame ;  the  City  of  London  appeared  more 
Unanimous  for  his  Service,  than  they  were  for  his 
Father's  ;    and  moft  Counties,  Cities,  and  capital 
Towns  in  the  Three  Nations,  and  even  the  Planta- 
tions, by  Addreffes  under  their  Hands,  teftified  their 
Obedience  to  their  New  Sovereign. 

In  many  of  thefe  folemn  Congratulations  the 
young  Protector  was  highly  magnified  for  his  Wif- 
dom,  Noblenefs  of  Mind,  and  lovely  Compofition 
of  Body;  his  Father  Oliver  was  compared  to  Mo- 
fes9  'Lerubbabel^  Jojhua,  Gideon,  and  Elijah ;  to 
David,  Solomon,  and  Hlzekiah  ;  to  Conftantine  the 
Great,  and  to  whomfoever  elfe  that  either  the  Sa- 
cred Scriptures,  or  any  other  Hiftory,  had  celebra- 
ted for  their  Piety  or  their  Goodnefs,  their  Wifdoni 
or  their  Valour,  with  all  the  mod  fulfome  Comple- 
ments the  bafeft  Flattery  could  fuggeft.  —  Of  thefe 
•we  fhall  give  one  only  as  a  Specimen,  which  feems 
to  have  been  the  Model  of  all  the  reft  ;  and  this  the 
rather,  as  it  is  a  direcl:  Contraft  to  what  was  pre- 
fented  from  the  fame  Body  of  Men,  a  few  Months 
after.  The  Curiofity  of  this  Piece  will  attone  for 
the  Prolixity  of  it.  *  „- 

g  From  a  Pamphlet,  intitlcd,  d  true  Catalogue,  or  an  Account  of 
the  feveral  Places,  and  weft  eminent  Perfons  in  the  Three  Nations,  and 
etfeivbere,  ivbere,  and  by  lobom,  Richard  Cromwell  tvas  proclaimed 
Lord  Protefhr  oftbeCommor.'wealtbof^.n^&n^,  Scotland,  and  Ire- 
land :  As  a'fo  a  Col/efiion  of  the  moj}  material  PaJJ'ages  in  the  J'rveral 
blafpbemous,  lying,  faltering  AddreJJ'es,  being  94  in  Number,  -wbicb 
lucre  fent  to  the  afirefaid  Pcrfon,  with  the  Places  from  ivher.ci,  and 
rnojl  eminent  Perfons  from,  and  by  <wbom  they  came,  and  •were  pre- 

fented. Printed  in  the  f.rfl  Tear  of  the  Englifli  Armies  final/,  or 

Jcarce  beginning  to  return  from  their  dlmoft  fix  Years  great  Apflacy. 

The  Author  of  this  Performance  appears  to  have  been  a  zealous 
Fifth-  Monarchy-  Man, 


Of    ENGLAND.       233 

To  his  Higbncfi  the  Lord  Protettor  of  the  Common-  inter-regmim. 
wealth   of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and        1658. 

the  Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  belonging^  *--*     v~  — 

September. 

The  HUMBLE  ADDRESS  of  the  Officers  of  your 
Highnefs's  jinnies  in  England,  Scotland,  and 
Ireland/ 

May  it  pleafe  your  Highnefs, 
c  "T  T  THEN  we  call  to  Mind  how  God,  the  great  A  remarkable 

«     W     and  wife  Difpofer  of  all  Things,  hath,  by  Akddrf  fro!n 

to-          f-rt        •  i  .    ,     '  the  Army  on 

'  a  Ions;  continued  benes  of  Providence,  carried  on  that  Qccafian. 

*  his  Work  in  thefe  Nations  by  the  Hands  of  feve- 
'  ral  Inftruments,  making  it  manifeftly  to  profper  in 
'  the  Hands  of  a!!  thofe  that  did  heartily  own  his 

*  Caufe    and    People ;    but    inoft    remarkably   and 
4  eminently,    in  the  Hands  of  that  Man  whom  he 

*  had  chofen,  your  deceafed  Father,  whofe  Memo- 
'  ry  (hall  be  bleft,  and  will  be  had  in  perpetual  Re- 
'  membrance  amongft  good  Men,  as  having  been 

*  the  great  Aflertor  of  the  Liberties  of  God's  People, 
'  an  Inftrument  to  reftbre  thefe  Nations  to  Peace,  a 

*  Lover  of  their  Civil  Rights,  and  fo  indefatigable  in 

*  his  Endeavours  after  Reformation  ;  the  mention- 
'  ing  of  whom  may  well  ftrike  our  Hearts  with 
'  unconceiveable  Sorrow  and  Abafement,  to  think 
«  that  we,  by  our  Sins,  have  provoked  the  God  of 

*  all  our  Mercies  to  give  us  fuch  a  Stroke,  by  taking 
'  from  us  the  Delight  of  our  Eyes,  and,  under  God, 

*  the  Captain  of  his  People,  upon  whom  the  Eyes 
c  of  Foreign  Princes  were  fixed  with  Reverence  and 
'  Expectation. 

4  Oh !  how  glorioufly  did  the  Lord  appear  for  and 
'  with  him  in  the  midft  of  his  People,  making  the 
'  Mountains  to  become  a  Plain  before  him,  and 

*  carrying  him  upon  the  Wuigs  of  Faith  and  Prayer, 
'  above  all  Difficulties  and  Oppofitions.     How  did 

*  the  Graces  of  God's  Spirit  evidently  fliine  forth  in 
'  him  !   In  his  Armies   he  reckoned  the  choiceft 
'  Saints  his  chicfcft  Worthies  j  in  his  Family,  thofe 
'  that  were  near  and  dear  to  God,  were  near  and 

dear 


234       ^oe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  '  dear  to  him.  His  Eyes  were  upon  the  Faithful  ia 
«  the  Land,  to  relieve  many,  to  advance  fome,  to 
'  protect  and  countenance  all.  In  the  Things  of 

<  God  he  had  a  tender  and  large  Heart,  to  love  all 
'  the  Saints  though  of  different  Judgments.  He  had 
c  great  Acquaintance  with   the  Lord,    mighty  in 

*  Faith  and  Prayer,  which  made  him  fo  conilant 

*  and  glorious  a  Victor. 

'  Your  Highnefs,  your  Armies  and  People,  reap 
«  the  Benefit  of  his  Prayers  and  SuccefTes  ;  but,  alas  ! 
«  this  our  Mofes  (your  dear  and  bleffed  Father)  the 
e  Servant  of  the  Lord  is  dead,  and  fhall  we  not 

*  weep  ?  Though  we  weep  not  for  him,  yet  we  can- 

*  not  but  weep  for  ourfelves.     We  cannot  but  look 

<  after  him  crying,    Our  Father,,   our  Father,  tke 

*  Chariots  of  Ifrael  and  the  Horfemen  thereof  ! 

'  When  we  confider  thefe  Things,    we  cannot 

*  but  reverence  the  fame  Providence,    in  bringing 

*  your  Highnefs  to  fucceed  him  in  the  Government, 

*  with  fo  much  Serenity  and  general  Confent  and 

*  Approbation  of  the  People,  when  the  Enemy  fo 

*  ftrenuoufly  endeavours  to  promote  Diffractions  and 

*  Divifions  ;    and  we  cannot  but  hope,    though  it 

*  hath  pleafed  the  Lord  fliarply  to  rebuke  us,  yet  he 

*  will  not  caft  us  off,  nor  withdraw  his  fatherly  Af- 

*  fedlions  from  us  ;  but,  in  our  Returnings,  he  will 

*  give  us  Reft,    and  will  enable  your  Highnefs  to 

*  carry  on  that  good  old  Caufe    and    Intereft   of 
'  God  and  his  People  upon  your  Heart  continually, 

*  and  then  he  will  carry  you  as  upon  Eagles  Wing?, 

*  above  all  the  Malice  and  wicked  Machinations  of 

*  ungodly  Men,    to  do  valiantly  in  Ifrael,  in  the 
'  further  enlarging  of  the  Kingdom  of  'Jefus  Chrift, 

in  maintaining  the  Chriftian  Liberty  of  all  fober 
dly  Men,  though  of  different  Opinions  in  fonie 
hings  ;  the  defending  of  the  Civil  Rights  of  the 
'  whole  People  of  thefe  Nations  j  and  the  Reform  a- 
*•  tion  of  all  Abufes  ; 

*  And  more  particularly,  that  we  may  open  our 
'  Hearts  before  you,  we  hope  and  pray  that  God 

*  will  enable  your  Highnefs  to  endeavour,  that  the 

*  Army  which  fhall  bethought  fit  to  be  kept  up  in  the 

Three 


'  godl 
'  Thi 


Of   ENGLAND.        335 

<  Three  Nations,  may  be  continued,  and  kept  un- 
'  der  the  Command  of  fuch  Officers  as  are  of  ho- 
'  neft  and  godly  Principles,    free  to  adv&nture  all 

<  that  is  dear  to  them,    by  all   lawful  Ways  and      ScPUmk<:;- 

*  Means  to  maintain  an  equal  and  juft  Liberty  to  all 

*  Perfons  that  profefs  Godlinefs,  that  are  not  of  tur- 

*  bulent  Spirits  as  to  the  Peace  of  thefe  Nations,  nor 
'  Difturbers  of  other?,    though  different  in  fome 

*  Things  from  themfclves,  according  to  the  true  In- 
'  tent  of  the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice. 

'  That  the  Vacancies  in  your  Highnefs  Council, 

*  and  other  Places  of  Public  Truft,  be,  from  Time 

*  to  Time,  fupplied  and  filled  up  with  Men  ot  known 
'  Godlinefs  and  fober  Principles,    that  they,  with, 

*  your  Highnefs  and  your  Armies,  may  make  it  their 
'  Work  to  carry  on  the  Concernments  of  the  Godly 
'  in   thefc  Nations,   and   the  Civil  Rights   of  the 
'  People  thereof,  upon  their  Hearts,  with  full  Pur- 

*  pofe  to  maintain  the  fame  ;    and  that  a  Work  of 
'  Reformation,  tending  to  good  Life  and  Manners* 
'  may  be  vigoroufly  carried  on  by  the  Hands  of  good 

*  Magiftrates,  and  thofe  Things  that  are  vexatious 
'  and  oppreffive  to  the  People  may  be  fupprefled. 

'  That  the  Provifion  made  for  the  eje&ing  fcan- 

*  dalous,  ignorant,  and  infufficient  Minifters ;  and 

*  that  for  the  Approbation  of  Minifters,  tending  to 
'  the  bringing  in  of  godly  and  able  Preachers  into 
'  the  feveral  Places  of  thefe  Nations  (whereby  poor 
'  and  ignorant  Souls  may  be  brought  to  the  Knoif  - 

*  ledge  of  the  Truth)  may  be  own'd  and  maintain'd 

*  in  their  Power,  according  to  the  Afts  of  Parliament ; 
'  and  that  any  who  (hall  difcourage  or  difcotmte- 
'  nance  good  Minifters  in  thefe  Nations,  by  encou- 
c  ra£mg  loofe  and  profane  Perfons  to  orppofe  and  flight 
'  them  for  not  admitting  fuch  as  are  loofe  and  profane 
'  to  the  Sacrament,  may  be  difcountenanced  and  pu- 
4  nifhed. 

*  In  your  Profccution  whereof,  we  hope  that  God 
c  will  affift  us  to  make  it  known  to  your  Highnefs* 
<•  and  all  the  World,  that  we  aim  not  at  any  private 

*  Intereft  or  End  of  our  own  ;  but  that  we  (hall  be 
'  heartily  and  faithfully  with  you,  as  we  have  been 

with 


236 


The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum,     wt     your  Father,  to  adventure  our  Lives  and  all 
1658.        *  that  is  dear  unto  us  to  ftand  by  you.    Thefe  being 
*—  —  v—*  J    '  the  Principles  upon  whieh  we  engaged  with  your 
September.     <  bleffed  jrather,  and  were  blefied  of  God  in,  and 
'  we  truft  God  will  direct  your  Heart  to  be  fixed 
4  and  bottomed  upon  the  fame  Principles,  which  we 

*  are  perfuaded  God  will  own  you  in,  and  blefs  us 

*  in  {landing  by  you  againft  all  that  {hall  oppofe  you 
'  therein,  or  make  it  their  Defign  to  change  or  al- 
'  ter  the  prefent  Government  eftablifh'd  in  a  fingJe 
'  Perfon  and  two  Houfes  of  Parliament,  according 

*  to  the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice,  or  fhall  en- 

*  deavour  the  Subverfion  thereof,  or  the  Difturbance 
«  of  the  Peace  of  thefe  Nations. 

6  And  we  are  confident  you  will  have  the  concur- 
<  rent  Helps  of  the  Prayers  and  Endeavours  of  the 
'  People  of  God,  whereby  your  Heart  and  Hand 

*  will  be  ftrengthened  to  ride  on  profper-oufly,  to  the 
'  Joy  and  Rejoicing  of  all  good  Men,  and  to  the 
'  Terror  and  Difappointment  of  all  your  Adverfa- 
'  ries,  when  they  {hall  perceive  you  inherit,    not 
'  only  your  Father's  Glory  and  Authority,  but  alfo 

*  the  Hearts   of  his  old   faithful   Followers  ;    and 
'  (which  crowns  all)  the  Blefling  of  the  God  of  youu 

*  Father  ;  which  that  it  may  be  continued  unto  you, 
'  and  profper  you,  in  all  that  you  put  your  Hand  un- 

*  to,  is  and  fhall  be  the  continual  Prayer  of 

Tour  Higbnefs's  mojl  bumble  and  loyal  Servants. 

The  foregoing  Addrefs,  which  was  prefented  to 
the  Protector  by  Lieutenant-General  Fleetwood  and 
the  Officers,  then  in  and  about  the  Head  Quarters, 
we  are  told  h,  was  drawn  up  at  Court,  and  Copies 
thereof  fent  to  the  feveral  Regiments  of  the  Three 
Nations,  to  be  fubfcribed.  —  This  is  highly  probable, 
when  we  confider  how  nearly  related  Flcctivocd  was 
to  Richard  Cromwell.  The  prefenting  one  General 
Addrefs  from  the  Three  Armies  was  the  Contrivance 
of  Henry  Cromwell^  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  in 

order 

l>  On  the  Authority  of  the  laft-  cited  Writer,  who  gives  feveral 
good  Reafons  for  his  Aflertion. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       237 

order  to  difplay  the  great  Unanimity  of  the  Soldiery  intcr-regnum. 
in  Support  of  his  Brother's  Succeflion.  *     But  1658. 

The  Refpect  paid  to  the  young  Lord  Protector  *—  v—~  ' 
was  not  confined  to  his  own  Subjects.  Foreign  SePtembcr« 
Princes  and  States  addrefled  their  Condolences  to 
him,  and  fought  a  Renewal  of  their  Alliances  :  On  ^he  Foreign 
this  Occafion  M.  de  Bourdeavx,  the  Ambaffa-^S?  JJ! 
dor  from  France  (with  which  Court  Oliver  hadvoirs  to  his 
eftablifhed  the  moft  intimate  Connections  and  Pro-  Highnefs. 
feflions  of  Friendfliip)  diftinguiflied  himfelf  before 
all  others  k  ;  for,  at  an  Audience  he  had  of  Richard* 
to  which  he  was  introduced  by  Sir  Oliver  Fleming^ 
Mafter  of  the  Ceremonies,  he  prefented  to  his  High- 
nefs two  Letters  ;  one  from  his  Majefty  of  France^ 
the  other  from  his  Eminency  Cardinal  Mazarin^  as 
Chief  Minifter  of  State  ;  and  delivered  himfelf,  in 
a  Speech,  to  this  Effect  :  *  That  his  Mafter,  the 
King  of  France^  having  heard  of  the  Death  of  his 
late  Highnefs,  of  glorious  Memory,  did  very  much 
take  to  Heart  the  Lofs  of  fo  great  a  Captain,  and 
fo  good  an  Ally  of  his  Crown  :  That  his  Majefty 
rejoiced  at  being  informed  that,  in  order  to  the  re- 
pairing fo  great  a  Lofs,  it  had  pleafed  God  to  eftablilh 
his  Highnefs,  as  his  Father's  undoubted  SuccefTor  : 
That  it  was  the  Defire  of  his  moft  Chriftian  Ma- 
jefty, by  all  Means,  to  maintain  that  Alliance  and 
Amity,  which  had  hitherto  been  of  fo  great  Advan- 
tage to  both  Nations  :  And  that  his  Majefty,  to 
manifeft  the  Sincerity  of  his  Friendfliip,  would  be 
ready  upon  any  Occafion,  either  with  his  Councils 
or  Forces,  to  aflift  the  Lord  Protector  againft  any 
of  his  Enemies  or  Oppofers  whatfoever.'1  To  which 
the  Ambaflador  added,  on  his  own  Behalf,  '  That 
as  he  himfelf  had  a  great  Affection  for  the  Englijb 
Nation,  having  now  many  Years  refided  here,  and 
a  particular  Regard  for  the  Perfon  of  his  late  High- 


i WmrlH,   Vol.  VII. 

k  Nouvelltt  Orjinaires  dt  Londres. 

1  Although  Maxann  proftficd  fo  great  Regard  for  Cromwell,  yet  as 
foon  as  that  Cardinal  heard,  at  Purii,  of  Oliver's  Death,  he  pcrfo. 
nally  waited  upon  the  Queen-Mother  of  England,  to  congratulate  her 
thereupon,  as  the  moft  probable  Accident  that  could  have  happened 
to  advance  her  Soa's  Re/Uration, 


238     jT/6f  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  nefs  the  Lord  Protestor,  to  whom  he  always  bore  a 
l658«  Profound  Reverence  on  account  of  his  Princely 

September  ^  *rtues  >  f°  ne  &ould  at  all  Times  be  ready  to  give 
his  moft  Noble  Son  and  Succeffor  a  Teftimony  how 
joyful  he  was  to  fee  his  Highnefs  thus  happily  efta- 
bliftied  in  the  Government,  and  how  ueurous  he 
was  to  render  him  every  pofiible  Proof  of  his  Kfteem 
and  Devotion.' 


A  general  Faft       ^ne  10[h  of  this  Month  was  obferved,  by  his 

on  account  or     Tr.    .        r  .  ,,,  .,  ...  r   T>   n- 

the  Death  of  Highnefs  and  the  Council,  as  a  Day  of  fairing 
Oliver  Crotewell.yoA  Humiliation,  in  a  Senfe  of  the  Hand  of  God 
for  taking  away  the  late  Lord  Protector,  and  to 
ieek  for  a  Bleffing  on  his  Highnefs,  the  New  Lord 
Protector,  and  his  Government.  The  lame  was 
afterwards  folerruiized  throughout  the  Three  Na- 


Before  we  make  any  further  Progrcfs  into  the 
Protectorate  of  Richard  Cromwell^  it  may,  perhaps, 
be  no  incurious  Digreffion  to  take  Notice  of  the 
RefpeiSt  he  (hewed  to  his  Father's  Memory  ;  by 
cauimg  his  .Body  to  be  interred  in  the  Sepulchre  of 
the  Kings  of  England,  with  all  the  Obfequies  due 
to  Royalty. — The  Ceremonial  thereof  was  publifh- 
ed,  at  this  Time,  by  Authority,  in  the  following 
Terms  : 

The  Manner  of  '  ®n  t^ie  2^n  °^  ^ePtem^er  tne  Corpfe  of  his  late 
tiis  lying  in  State  Highnefs  Oliver  Lord  Protector,  having  been  em- 
at  Somerfet-  balmed  the  Day  after  his  Death,  was  removed  from 
Hmfe>  Whitehall,  attended  by  the  Lord  Chamberlain,  and 

the  Comptroller  of  his  Highnefs  Houihold,  the 
Gentlemen  of  the  Life-Guard,  the  Guard  of  Hal- 
berdiers, and  many  other  Officers  and  Servants  of 
his  Highnefs.  Two  Heralds,  or  Officers  of  Arms, 
went  next  before  the  JBody,  which,  being  put  into  a 
Herfe  drawn  by  fix  Horfes,  was  conveyed  to  Somer- 
fet-Hoiife,  where  it  refted  fomeDays  privately;  but 
afterwards  was  expofed  to  publick  View,  in  the  fol- 
lowing Manner : 

«  The  firft  Room  the  People  entered,  was  for- 
merly the  Prefenee  Chamber,  which  was  hung 

com.7 


LAND.       239 

and  at  the  upper  End  a  inter.regnui». 


Of    E  N  G 

compleatly  with  Black  ; 

Cloth  of  iState,  with  a  Chair  of  State  ftanding  up- 
on the  Haut-pas,  under  the  Cloth  of  State. 

4  From  thence  they  pafled  to  a  fecond  large 
Room,  which  was  the  Privy-Chamber,  all  com- 
pleatly huno-  with  Black,  and  a  Cloth  of  State  at 
the  upper  End  j  having  alfo  a  Chair  of  State  upon 
the  Haut-pas,  under  the  Cloth  of  Sate. 

'  The  third  Room  was  a  large  Withdrawing 
Chamber,  compleatly  hung  as  the  other  with  black 
Cloth,  and  a  Cloth  of  State  at  the  upper  End  ;  ha- 
ving alfo  a  Chair  of  State,  as  in  the  other  Rooms. 

4  All  thefe  three  large  Rooms  were  compleatly 
furnifhed  with  Efcutcheons  of  his  Highnefs  Arms, 
crowned  with  the  Imperial  Crown  ;  and  upon  the 
Head  of  each  Cloth  of  State,  was  fixed  a  large  Ma- 
iefty-Efcutcheon  fairly  painted,  and  gilt,  upon  Taf- 
rity. 

'  The  fourth  Room,  where  both  the  Body  and 
the  Effigies  lay,  was  compleatly  hung  with  black 
Velvet  j  the  Roof  of  the  faid  Room  cieled  alfo  with 
Velvet,  and  a  large  Canopy  or  Cloth  of  State  or 
black  Velvet  fringed,  over  the  Effigies,  which  was 
made  to  the  Life  in  Wax,  and  appareled  in  a  rich 
Suit  of  uncut  Velvet,  being  robed  firft  in  a  Kirtle- 
Robe  of  Purple  Velvet,  laced  with  a  rich  Gold  Lace, 
and  furr'd  with  Ermins  ;  upon  the  Kirtle  was  a  Royal 
large  Robe  of  the  like  Purple  Velvet,  laced  and  furr'd 
with  Ermins,  with  rich  Strings  and  Taflels  of  Gold ; 
the  Kirtle  was  girt  with  a  rich  embroidered  Belt,  in 
which  was  a  fair  Sword  richly  gilt,  and  hatcht  with 
Gold,  hanging  by  the  Side  of  the  Effigies  ;  in  the 
Right  Hand  the  Golden  Scepter,  repreienting  Go- 
vernment; in  the  Left  Hand  a  Globe,  reprefenting 
Principality;  upon  the  Head,  the  Cap  of  Regality  ot" 
Purple  Velvet,  furr'd  with  Ermins ;  behind  the  Head, 
a  rich  Chair  of  State  of  Cloth  of  Gold  tiflued ;  upon 
the  Cufhion  of  the  Chair  flood  the  Imperial  Crown 
fet  with  precious  Stones. 

'  The  whole  Effigies  lay  upon  a  Bed  of  State  co- 
ver'd  with  a  large  Pall  of  black  Velvet,  under  which 

was 


1658. 
< <~~i 

September. 


240     'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum,  was  fpread  a  fine  Holland  Sheet,  upon  fix  Stools  of 
1658.        Cloth  of  Gold  tiflued  ;  on  the  Sides  of  the  Bed  of 
State  lay  a  rich  Suit  of  complete  Armour,  reprefent- 
em  er.    ^  ^;s  late  Highnefs's  Command  as  General;  at 
the  Feet  of  the  Effigies   flood  the  Royal  Creft  of 
Arms,  as  ufual  in  all  antient  Monuments;  and  over 
all  the  following  Inscription  : 

OLIVER    CROMWELL, 

Lord  Proteftor  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 

Born  ut  Huntingdon, 
Of  the  Name  of  Williams,  of  G;«.tnorgan,  and  ly 

King  Henry  VIII.  changed  into  Cromwell  ; 
Wai  educated  in  Cambridge,  afterwards  of  Lincoln's 

Inn. 
At  the  Beginning  of  the  Wars,  Captain  of  a  Troop  of 

Horfc  raifed  at  his  own  Charge ; 
And  by  the  Parliament  made  Commander  In  Chief. 

He  reduced  Ireland  and  South-Wales  ; 
Overthrew  Duke  Hamilton'*  Army^  the  Kir&'s  Army, 

at  Dunbiir  ; 

Reduced  all  Scotland  ; 

Defeated  Charles  Stuart'*  Army  at  Worcefter. 

tie  had  two  Sons, 

Lord  Richard,  Proteffor  in  his  Father'1 's  room  j 
Lord  Henry,  now  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland  ; 

And  four  Daughters, 
Lady  Bridget,  firft  married  Lord  Ireton,  afterwards 

Lieutenant -General  Fleet  wood  ; 

Lady  Elizabeth,  married  Lord  Cleypole  ; 

Lady  Mary,  married  Lord  Fifcount  Fauconberg  ; 

Lady  Frances,  married    the    Hon.   Robert    Rich, 

Grand-Child  to  the  Rt.  Hen.  the  Earl  of  Warwick. 

He  was   declared  Lord  Pruie-ftor  of  England, 

Scotland,  and  Ireland,  Dec.  16,  1653. 

Died  Sept.  3,  1658,  after  fourteen  Days  Sicknefs>  of 

an  Ague ',  with  great njjitrancs  and  Serenity  cfMmdi 

Peaceably  in  his  Bed. 
Natus,    Ap.    15,     1599. 

Dunkirk,  in  Flanders,  furrendered  to  him,  June  20S 
1658. 

' 


Of    ENGLAND.       241 

«  The  Bed  of  State,  upon  which  the  Effigies  Jay, 
was  afcended  to  by  two  Steps,  cover'd  with  the  t 
aforefaid  Pall  of  Velvet ;  and  the  whole  Work  in-  September. 
compafll-cl  about  with  Rails  covered  with  Velvet; 
at  each  Corner  was  erected  a  fquare  Pillar,  cover- 
ed with  Velvet,  upon  the  Tops  whereof  were  the 
Supporters  of  the  Imperial  Arms,  bearing  Banners, 
or  Streamers,  crowned  ;  the  Pillars  were  decorated 
with  Trophies  of  Military  Honour,  carved  and  gilt; 
the  Pedeftals  of  the  Pillars  had  Shields  and  Crowns 
gilt,  which  made  the  whole  Work  noble  and  com- 
pleat;  within  the  Rails  Hood  eight  great  Standards, 
or  Candlefticks  of  Silver,  being  almoft  five  Feet 
in  Height,  with  great  Tapers  in  them  of  Virgin's 
Wax,  three  Feet  in  Length. 

*  Next  to  the  Candlefticks,  were  fet  upright  in 
Sockets,  the  four  great  Standards  of  his  Highnefs's 
Arms,  the  Guidons,  the  great  Banners  and  Ban- 
Rolls  of  War,  all  of  Taffity,  richly  gilt  and  painted; 
the  Cloth  of  State  had  a  Majefty-Efcutcheon  fixed 
at  the  Head ;  and  upon  the  Velvet  Hangings  on  each 
Side  of  the  Effigies,  was  a  Majefty-Efcutcheon ;  and 
the  whole  Room  fully,  and  compleatly,  furnifhed 
with  Taffity-Efcutcheoos ;  feveral  of  his  Highnefs's 
Gentlemen  attending  bare-headed  round  about  the  ^ 

Bed  of  State  in  Mourning;  and  fome  of  his  inferior 
Servants  waiting  in  the  other  Room*,  to  give  Direc- 
tions to  the  Spectators,,  and  to  prevent  Diforders. 

4  The  Effigies  ftood  upon  an  Afcent,  under  a  Of  his  landing 
rich  Cloth  of  State,  vefted   with  Royal  Robes;  ain  State  Aere» 
Scepter  in  one  Hand,  a  Globe  in  the  other,  and  a 
Crown  on  the  Head  ;  a  little  diftant  beneath  lay  his 
Armour,  and  round  about  were  fixed  the  Banners, 
Ban-Rolls,  and  Standards,  with  other  Enfigns  of 
Honour ;  and  the  whole  Room  being  fpacious,  was 
adorned  in  a  Princely  Manner.  * 

VOL.  XXI  Q  <The 

a  In  a  little  Piece,  intituled,  J  true  Portraiture  of  bit  ROYAL 
HIGHNESS  Oliver,  late  Lcrd  Prcteftor,  in  bis  Life  and  Death,  ivltb 
a  Jbort  yitvo  of  bi*G*9trnwent,  there  is,  by  way  of  Frcntifpiece, 
very  neatly  engraved,  an  exa&  Repiefentauon  of  Cnir.wc.Ts  Effigies, 
as  above  vlefcribed. 

Mr.  Ludiow,  whcXe  Refentmeat  againft  Croxnuttt,  after  Jiis  be. 
H»g  nude  Protedw,  was  equal  to  that  of  tke  »oft  injured  Cavalier, 

give* 


2 "  2     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-remum.  The  2^d  of  November^  being  the  Day  ap- 
poinr-  '  for  rhe  \\,}>  nn  Funeral  of  the  moft  ferene 
November  and  ren<owned  Oliver  Lord  Protector,  and  all  Things 
being  ready  prepared,  the  Effigies  of  his  Hi.  hnefs, 
{landing  under  ;\  rich  Cloth  of  State,  was  remov'd, 
and  plated  on  a  Heife,  richly  <idon:ed  and  fet  forth 
with  Efcutcheons  and  other  Ornaments,  the  Effi- 
gies itielf  being  vefted  with  Royal  Robes,  a  Scepter 
in  one  Hand,  a  Globe  in  the  other,  and  a  Crown 
on  the  Head.  After  it  had  been  a  while  thus 
placed  in  the  Middle  of  the  Room  ;  when  the  Time 
came  that  it  was  to  be  removed  into  the  Carriage, 
it  was  carried  on  the  Herfe  by  ten  of  his  Highnefs's 
Gentlemen  into  the  Court,  where  a  Canopy  of 
State,  very  rich,  was  borne  nver  it,  by  fix  other  of 
his  Highnefs's  Gentlemen,  till  it  was  brought  and 
placed  in  an  open  Chariot ;  at  evich  End  whereof 
was  a  Seat,  wherein  fat  two  of  the  Gentlemen  of  his 
Highnefs's  Bed-Chamber,  the  one  at  the  Head,  the 
other  at  the  Feet  of  the  Effigies.  The  Pall,  being 
rhade  of  Velvet  and  fine  Linen,  was  very  large,  ex- 
tending on  each  Side  of  the  Chariot,  to  be  borne 
by  Perfons  of  Honour,  appointed  for  that  Purpofe  ; 
the  Chariot  itielf  was  adorned  with  Plumes  and 
Efcutcheons,  drawn  by  fix  Horfes,  covered  with 

black 

gives  the  following  farcaitical  Account  of  this  Piece  of  Pageantry : 
'  The  Council  having  refolved  that  the  Funeral  of  the  late  Ufurper 
Ihould  be  very  magnificent,  the  Care  of  it  was  referred  to  a  Commit- 
tee of  them,  who  fending  for  Mr.  Kir.nerjly,  Matter  «f  the  Wardrobe, 
defired  him  to  find  out  fome  Precedent  by  which  they  might  govern 
themfelves  in  this  important  Affair.  After  Examination  of  his  Books 
and  Papers,  Mr.  Kinnerjly,  who  was  fufpefted  to  be  inclined  to 
Popery,  recommended  to  them  the  Solemnities  ufed  upon  the  like 
Occafion  far  Philip  the  Second,  King  of  Sfnin,  who  had  been  iepre» 
fented  to  be  in  Purgatory  for  about  two  Months.  In  the  like  Man- 
jier  was  the  Body  of  this  Great  Reformer  laid  in  Sowerfet-Houfe. 
The  Apartment  was  hung  with  Black,  the  Day-light  was  excluded, 
and  no  other  but  that  of  Wax  Tapers  to  be  feen.  This  Scene  of  Pur- 
gatory continued  till  the  ifi  of  Ne-vemter,  which  being  the  Day  pre- 
ceding that  commonly  called  All  Souls,  he  was  removed  into  the 
great  Hall  of  the  .fad  Houfe,  and  reprefented  in  Effigy. 

'  Four  or  five  hundred  Candles  fet  in  flat  fhining  Candlefticks  wer« 
fo  placed  round,  near  the  Roof  of  the  Hall,  that  the  Light  they  gave 
feemed  like  the  Rays  ot  the  Sun  :  By  all  which  he  was  reprefented  » 
be  now  in  a  State  ot  Glory.  This  Folly  and  Profufion,  fays  our 
Aftmcriati/},  fo  far  provoked  the  People,  that  they  threw  Diit  in  the 
Night  on  his  Efcutcibeen  that  w«s  placed  over  the  great  Gate  of  S.t- 
*!r*f«-amt[eS  Minv'rs,  Vol.  li.  p.  615, 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       243 

black  Velvet,  each  of  them  like  wife  adorned  with  inter- regnum. 
Plumes  of  Feathers.  sjS^J 

'  The  Manner  of  the  Proceffion  to  the  Interment 
was  briefly  thus : 

'  From  Somerfet-Houff  to  Weftminfter^  the  Streets  And  the  Solemn 
were  railed  in,  and  ftrawed  with  Sand;  the  So^'6 
cloathed  in  new  red  Coats  with  black  Buttons,  be- 
ing  placed  on  each  Side  of  the  Streets  without  the 
Rails,   and   their  Enftgns  wrapp'd  up  in  Cyprus 
Mourning  Veils. 

«  Firft  went  a  Knight  Marflial  on  Horfeback, 
with  his  black  Truncheon  tipt  at  both  Ends  with 
Gold,  attended  by  his  Deputy,  and  thirteen  Men 
on  Horfeback,  to  clear  the  Way. 

'  After  the  Knight  Marflial  went  the  poor  Men 
of  Weftminjler^  two  and  two,  in  Mourning  Gowns 
and  Hoods. 

•  Then  the  Servants  to  Perfons  of  all  Qualities; 
alfo  all  the  Servants  of  his  Highnefs,  as  well  inferior 
as  fuperior,  as  well  thofe  within  his  Houfhold  as 
without ;  likewife  all  his  Highnefs's  Bargemen  and 
Watermen  ;  next  went  the  Servants  and  Officers  of 
the  Lord  Mayor  of  London ;  Gentlemen  Attend- 
ants on  public  Minifters  and  Ambafladors  ;  poor 
Knights  of  Wmdfor'i  Secretaries,  Clerks,  and  other 
Officers  belonging  to  the  Army,  the  Admiralty,  the 
Treafury,  the  Navy,  and  the  Exchequer ;  Officers 
of  the  Fleet  and  Army;  Commiffioners  of  the  Ex- 
cife,  and  of  the  Army  ;  Committee  of  the  Navy  ; 
Commiffioners  for  Approbation  of  Preachers ;  Of- 
ficers and  Clerks  belonging  to  the  Privy-Council ; 
Clerks  of  both  Houfes  of  Parliament;  his  High- 
nefs's Phyficians ;  Head  Officers  of  the  Army  ; 
the  Aldermen  and  Chief  Officers  of  London  ;  Ma- 
flers  in  Chancery  ;  his  Highnefs's  learned  Council 
at  Law ;  Judges  of  the  Admiralty ;  Mailers  of  Re- 
quefts;  Judges  \K  Wales  \  Barons  of  the  Exchequer ; 
Judges  of  both  Benches ;  Lord  Mayor  of  London  ; 
Perfons  allied  in  Blood  to  his  late  Highnefs;  the 
Members  of  the  Lords  Houfe ;  Public  Minifters 
and  Ambafladors  of  foreign  States  and  Princes  j  the 


244      yh*  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Holland  AmbaiTador  alone,  whofe  Train  was  borne 
j6S8-        up  by  four  Gentlemen;  next  to  him  the  Portugal 
~x'T""*'     Ambaflador  alone,  whofe Train  was  held  up  by  four 
'    Knights  of  the  Order  of  Ckrtf ;  and  then  the  French 
Ambafiador  alone,  whofe  Train  was  held  up  by  four 
Perfons  of  Quality ;  the  Lords  Commiiiioners  of  the 
Great  Seal;  the  Lords  Commi.Tioners  of  the  Trea- 
fury;  and  the  Lords  of  his  Highnefs's  Privy-Council. 
'  A  great  Part  of  the  nobler  Sort  were  in  clofe 
Mourning,  the  reft  in  ordinary.    They  were  divers 
Hours  in  pafling  ;  and,  in  their  railage,  difpofed  in- 
to fever.al  Divifions,  each  Dividon  being  diftiiigu idl- 
ed by  Drums  and  Trumpets,  a  Standard  or  Banner* 
borne  by  a  Perfon  of  Honour  and   his   Ailii'tant, 
and  eleven  Led-Horfes,    four  of  which  were  co- 
vered with  black  Cloth,  and   feven   with  Velvet  ; 
thefe,  being  pafled  in  their  Order,  were  followed  by 
the   Chariot   with  the  Effigies  ;    on  each   Side  of 
which  were  borne  the  Banner- Rolls,  being  twelve 
in  Number,  by  twelve  Perfons   of  Honour;  and 
feveral  Pieces  of  his  Highnefs's  Armour  were  borne 
by  Honourable  Perfons,  Officers  of  the  Army,  eight 
in  Number.     After  thofe  Noble  Perfons  that  fup- 
ported  the  Pall,  followed  Garter  Principal  King  at 
Arms,  attended  by  a  Gentleman  on  each  Side  bare- 
headed ;  next  him  the  Chief  Mourner,  and  thofe 
Lords  and  Noble  Perfons  that  were  Supporters  and 
Afiiilunts  to  him,  and  bore  up  his  Train  ;  next  fol- 
lowed the  Horfe  of  Honour  in  very  rich  Trappings, 
embroidered   upon  Crimfon  Velvet,    and   adorned 
•with  white,  red,  and  yellow  Plumes,  led  in  a  long 
Rein  by  the  Lord  Cleypole,  Mafter  of  tbe  Horfe ;  in 
the  Clofe  followed  his  Highnefs's  Guard  of  Hal- 
bardiers,  the  Warders  of  the  Tower,  and  a  Troop  of 
Horfe. 

*  The  whole  Ceremony  was  managed,  with  very 
great  State,  \.QWejiminJhr,  many  thousands  of  People 
being  Spectators.  At  the  Weft-Gate  of  the  Abbey 
Church,  the  Herfe,  with  the  Effigies  thereon,  was 
taken  off  the  Chariot  by  thofe  ten  Gentlemen 
who  removed  it  before ;  who  paffing  on  to  enter 
the  Church,  the  Canopy  of  State  was  by  the  fame 


Of    ENGLAND.       245 

Perfons  borne  over  it  again ;  and,  in  this  magnificent  inter-regnum. 
Manner,   they  carried  it  into  King  Henry  the  Se-         lf">&- 
venth's  Chapel,  at  the  Eaft-End  of  the  Abbey,  and         " 
placed  it  in  a  ftiperb  Structure,  raifed  there  on  pur- 
pofe  to  receive  it,  buili.  in  the  fame  Form  as  one  be- 
fore had  been,  on  the  like  Occafion,  for  King  Jawes, 
but  much  more  (lately,  wh?re  it  remained,  for  fome 
Time,  expofed  to  public  View.  b 

The  Narrative  concludes  with  thefollowingCom- 
pliment  to  Oliver  Cromwell :  'This  was  the  lafl 
Ceremony  of  Honour,  ar.d  lefs  could  not  be  per- 
formed to  the  Memrry  of  him,  to  whom  Pofterity 
will  pay  (when  Envy  is  laid  afleep  by  Time)  more 
Honour  than  we  are  able  to  exprefs.' 

Having  thus  conducted  Oliver  Crdmwell  to  his 
Grave,  return  we  now  to  Richard  his  Succeflor. 

Hitherto  was  nothing  heard  of  in  England,  but  thcfl/V£W  Cre 

Voice  of  Jov  and  larze  Encomiums  on  their  New  So-  ™u  calls  a  Par- 

11  -J i       j          j    i  •  r        i>     r     o       -i     liament. 

veicign,  Ritoara;  and  this  promifmg  rrofpecl  might 

probably  have  continued  much  longer  than  it  did,  had 
not  the  Neceflities  of  the  State  required  the  Calling 
of  a  Parliament :  For  it  is  to  be  remembred.  That 
the  late  Alliance  made  by  Oliver  with  the  Crown 
of  Sweden,  and  of  which  he  was  fonder  than  of  all 
the  reft  of  his  Engagements,  obliged  him,  in  the 
Spring,  to  ferrd  a  ftrong  Fleet  into  the  Sound,  to 
nflift  that  King  againft  Denmark  ;  or  at  leaft,  by 
way  of  Mediator,  to  induce  the  latter  to  accept  of 
fuch  Conditions  as  the  other  fhould  be  willingr  to 
propofe.  And  this  could  hardly  be  done  without 
the  Afliftance  of  Parliament ;  the  New  Protedtor, 
therefore,  by  the  Advice  of  his  Council,  iflued  out 
Writs,  about  the  Middle  of  December,  to  call  a  Par- 
liament to  meet  on  the  twenty- feventh  of  January  ; 
till  which  Day,  for  near  five  Months,  Richard  re- 
mained as  great  a  Prince  as  ever  his  Father  had 
been  before  him. 

We  have  already  obferv'd,  to  the  Honour  of  O//- 

<uer  Cromwell,  that,  in  his  two  lail  Parliaments,  no 

Q.3  Writs 

b  TheExpence  ofCrom-wtirt  Funeral  is  f«id  to  have  been  not  Icfg 
than  60,000  /.     King  Jama  the  Firft's  coft  only  about  30,000  /.    ' 


246     ¥%e  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-reenum,  Writs  for  Elections  were  iflued  out  to  the  meaner 
l_  ^f—  t  Boroughs,  but  only  to  Capital  Towns ;  and  that, 
January.  'n  ^'cu  thereof,  he  had  increafed  the  Number  of 
Knights  of  Shires,  in  Proportion  to  the  Afleflrnents 
paid  by  each  County  to  the  public  Service.  This 
popular  and  equitable  Scheme  had  filled  the  Houfe 
of  Commons  with  fo  great  a  Number  of  indepen- 
dent Gentlemen  of  the  beflr  Families  and  Eftates  in 
the  Kingdom.,  that  he  had  no  way  to  manage 
them  but  by  excluding,  either  by  Fraud  or  Force, 
thofe  who  were  the  true  Friends  of  the  Conftitution. 
His  Son,  Richard,  therefore,  to  avoid  fplitting  upon 
the  fame  Rock,  and  not  having  Courage  or  Capa- 
city fufficient  to  rule  without  a  Parliament,  deter- 
mined to  call  his  upon  the  Old  Model.  Accord- 
ingly, only  two  Knights  of  Shires  were  elected  for 
each  County,  and  all  the  petty  Boroughs  were  re- 
ftored  to  their  antient  Ufages  and  Returns,  under 
Pretence  of  ingratiating  himfelf  wkh  the  People ; 
but  really  to  make  Way  for  his  own  Creatures  and 
Dependents.  This  will  appear  by  the  following 
Catalogue  of  the  Members  which  compofed  the 
Lower  Houfe,  the  Upper  beinsi;  all  fufficiently  at- 
tached to  the  Protector's  fntereft  by  his  Father's  or 
or  his  own  Choice  and  Election. 

A  LIST  of  the  KNIGHTS,  CITIZENS,  BUR- 
GESSES, and  BARONS  of  the  CINQUE-PORTS, 
returned  to  ferve  in  the  Parliament  of  the  Com- 
monwealth of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
bolden  at  Weftminfler,  January  27,  1658.  c 

The  Nanws  of  BEDFORDSHIRE.    Col.  John  Okey. 

theSe^  MaJ°r  Richard  Wagftaffe. 

Commons, cleft-  Bedford  T.  Samuel  Brown,  Serjeant  at  Law. 

ed  to  ferve  there-  Thomas  Margets,  Efq;  Judge - 

Advocate  of  the  Army. 
BERKSHIRE.          Capt.  John  Dunch,  of  Eaft  Wit- 

tenham. 
Sir  Robert  Pye,  Knt. 

New- 

c  This  Lift  is  taken  from  the  Diaries  of  the  Times,  compared 
with  Dr.  Willis's  Nttitia  Parliamentaria,  and  correfted  by  t>c 
Journals  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons. 


Of    ENGLAND.  247 

New-Windfor  B.    George  Starkey,  Efq; 

Chiiitopher  Whichcote,  Efq; 
Reading  B.  Henry  Nevile,  Efq; 

Daniel  Blagrave,   Efq; 
jy«llingfwd  B.       William  Cook,   Efq; 

Walter  Bigg,   Efq; 

Abingdon  B.  Sir  John  Lenthall,   Knt.  and  Bart. 

BUCKINGHAM-     Francis  Drake,   of  Amerfham,  Efq; 

SHIRE.  Richard  Grenville,   Efq; 

Buckingham  T.      Col.  Francis  Ingoldfby. 

Sir  Richard  Temple,  Bart. 
IPicombe  B.  Thomas  Scot,  of  Lambeth-Houfe,  Efq; 

Major-General    Tobias   Bridge,    made   his 

Eledtion  for  Newcaftle  under  Line. 
Aylejbury  B.  Sir  James  Whitelocke,   Knt. 

Thomas  Terrill,   Efq; 

Amerjham  B.          Francis  Drake,   Efq-,  made  his  Election  for 
the  County  of  Buckingham.     In  his  Place, 
William  Bowyer,  Efq; 
Col.  John  Bifcoe. 
JVtndwer  B.  William  Hampden,  Efq; 

John  Baldwin,  Efq; 

Mar  low  B.  Peregrine  Hobby,  Efq; 

William  Borlace,  Efq; 
CAMBRIDGE-        Sir  Thomas  Willis,  Bart. 
.SHIRE.  Sir  Henry  Pickering,  Knt. 

Cambridge  Univ.    Rt.  Hon.  John  Thurloe,  Principal  Secretary 

of  State,  and  Poft-Maftcr  of  England. 
Thomas  Slater,  M.  D. 
Cambridge  T.         John  Lowrye  Efq; 

Richard  Timbs,  Efq;  Alderman. 

JPiJbecb.  Rt.   Hon.   John  Thurloe,    Efq;    made  his 

Election  for  the  Univerfity  of  Cambridge. 
CHESHIRE.  John  Bradfhaw,  Serjeant  at  Law,  Chief  Ju< 

ftice  of  Chefter,    and   Chancellor  of  the. 
Duchy  of  Lancafter. 
Richard  Legh,  of  Lyme,  Efq; 
Chffter  C,  Jonathan  Ridge,  Efq;   Alderman. 

John  Griffith,  Efq;  Alderman. 

CORNWALL.  Hugh  Bofcawen,  of  Tregothan,   Efq; 

Francis  Buller,  jun.  Efqj 

Duncbevit 


248  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Dunchevit,  alias    Thomas  Gewen,  of  Bradridge, 

Launcejlon  B.     Robert  Bennet,  Efq; 
Lejkard  B.  Thomas  Noell,  Efq; 

Hunt  Greenwood,  Efq; 
Lcftvritbiel'B.         Walter  Moyle,  of  St.  Germains,  Efq; 

John  Clayton,  of  the  Jnner  Temple,  Efq; 
¥ruro  B.  Charles  Bofcawen,  Efq; 

Walter  Vincent,  Efq; 
Bodmyn  B.  John  Ceely,  of  St.  Wen,    Efq; 

William  Turner,  LL.  D. 
Helfton  B.  Robert  Roufe,  of  Wooton,  Efq; 

Thomas  Juxon,  Efq; 
Saltajb  B.  John  Buller,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Efq; 

made  his  Election  for  Ea/lhw. 
Edmund  Prideaux,  of  Padftow,  Efq;. 

Camelfordl&,  John  Maynard,  Serjeant  at  Law,  made  his 

Election  for  Newton,  in  the  Ifle  of  Wight* 
Capt.  William  Bradden. 

Portplgbam^  alias  William  Whitelocke,  of  the  Middle  Tem- 
Wejllow  B.  pie,  Efq; 

William  Petty,  of  London,  M.  D. 
Grampound  B.        Thomas  Herle,  Efq; 
Robert  Scawen,  Efq; 
EaftLow  B.  John  Buller,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Efq; 

John  Kendall,  Efq; 
Penryn  B.  John  Fox,  Efq;  Recorder  of  this  Borough. 

Thomas  Ceeley,  of  Trevimam,  Efq; 
Tregony  B.  John  Thomas,  Efq; 

Edward  Bofcawen,  Merchant. 
J&JJiney  B.  Anthony  Nicholl,  of  Penrofe,  Efq;  deceafed. 

In  his  Place, 
Thomas  Povey,   Efq; 
Samuel  Trelawney,  of  Ham,  in  Devonfhire, 

Efq; 
St.  Ives  B.  John  St.  Awbyne,  of  Clowance,  Efq; 

Peter  Ceeley,  Efq; 
Fowey  B.  Edward  Herle,  of  Prideaux,   Efq; 

John  Barton,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Efq; 
St.  Germains  B.     John  Glanville,  Serjeant  at  Law. 

John  St.  Awbyne,  of  Clowance,  Efq;  made 
his  Election  for  St,  Ives, 

MM 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.    .         249 

Miclcl  B.  James  Launce,  of  Pennare,  Efq~, 

Richard  Lobb,  Efq; 

Newport  B.  William  Morrice,  of  Werrington,  in  Devon- 

(hire,  Efq; 

Sir  John  Glanville,  Knt. 
St.  Afaiues  B.        John  Lampen,  jun.  Efq; 

William  Tredenham,  Efq; 
Kcllington  B.  James  Carew,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Efq; 

Anthony  Duller,  of  Shillingham,  Eftjj 
CUMBERLAND.     Sir  Wilfrid  Lawfon,  Knt. 

Col.  William  Brifcoe. 
Carlijle  C.  Col.  George  Downing. 

Thomas  Craifter,  Efq; 
Cockermoutb  B.       John  Stapleton,  Efq; 

Wilfrid  Lawfon,  Efq; 
DERBYSHIRE.        John  Cell,  Efq; 

Thomas  Sanders,  Efq; 
Derby  T.  Gervafe  Bcnnet,  Efq;   Alderman. 

John  Dalton,  Efq;   Alderman. 
DEVONSHIRE-       Sir  John  Northcote,  Bart. 

Robert  Rolle,  of  Heanton,   Efq; 

Exeter  C.  Thomas  Bampfield,  Recorder  of  this  City  5 

the  Third  SPEAKER  of  this  Parliament. 

Major  Thomas  Gibbon. 
Honyton  B.  Walter  Young,  of  Eitcot,   Efq; 

Samuel  Searle,  Efq; 
Totnefs  B.  Capt.  John  Pleydell. 

Gilbert  Evelyn,   Efq; 
jijhburton  B.  Thomas  Rcynell,   Efq; 

John  Fowell,   Efq; 
Plymouth  B.  Chrtftopher  Ceely,  Merchant. 

Timothy  Alfop,    Merchant. 
Okekampton  B.        Robert   Everland,    Efq; 

Edward  Wife,  Efq; 
Earnftaple  B.          Sir  John  Copleftone,  Knt. 

George  Walters,  Efq; 
Plympton  B.  Capt."Henry  Hatfell. 

Chriftopher  Martin,  Efq; 
Taviftokt  B.  Edmund  Fowell,  Efq; 

Capt.  Henry  Hatfell,  made  his  Efe&ion  for 
Plympton. 

Clifltn, 


250 

Clifton,  Dart- 
mouth^ Hard- 
ntfs  B. 

Beralftoni  B. 


The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

\ 


Thomas  Boon,   of  Mount  Boon,  Efq; 
Col.  John  Clark,  of  Weftminfter. 


John  Maynard,  Serjeant  at  Law,  made  his 
Election  for  Newton  in  the  Ifle  of  Wight. 

Elizeus  Crynes,  Eiq; 
Tiverton  B.  Sir  Copleftone  Bampfield,  of  Poltemore,  Bart. 

Francis  Warner,  Alderman  of  London* 
DORSETSHIRE.      Sir  Walter  Erie,  Knt. 

Col.  John  Bingham,  Governor  of  Guernfey. 
Poqle  T.  Sir  Anthony  Afhley  Cooper,  Bart,  made  his 

Election  for  the  County  of  Wilts. 

Samuel  Bond,  Efq; 
Dorcbefter  B.         James  Gould,  Efq;        / 

John  Bulftrode,  Alderman. 

Lyme-Regis  B.       Sir  Edmund  Prideaux,  Bart.  Attorney- Gene- 
ral to  his  Highnefs. 

Henry  Henley,  Efq; 
Weymoutb  B.          John  Trenchard,  Efq; 

Col.  Walden  Lagoe. 
Melcomb-Regis  B.  Col.  John  Clark. 

Peter  Middleton,  Merchant. 
jBridport  B.  Edward  Cheek,  of  Gabriels,  Efq; 

John  Lee,  Efq; 
Sbaftflury  B,         Henry  Whitaker,  Efqj 

James  Baker,  Efq; 
Wareham  B.  Elias  Bond,  LL.  D. 

James  Dewey,  Efq; 
Cerfe-Caflle  B.       Ralph  Banks,  Efq; 

John  Tregojiwell,  Efq; 

ESSEX.  Hon.  Charles  Rich,  Brother  to  the  Earl  of 

Warwick. 

Edward  Turner,  of  Gray's  Inn,  Efq; 
Colchejler  B.  John  Shaw,  of  this  Borough,  Efq 

Abraham  Johnfon,  of  London,  Merchant. 
Maiden  B.  Col.  Henry  Mildmay,  of  Grays. 

Joachim  Matthews,  Recorder. 
Harwich  B.  John  Sicklemore,  Efq; 

Thomas  Kiog,  Efq; 

GLOUCESTER-      John  Grubham  Howe,  Efqj 
SHIRE.  John  Stephens,  JLfqj 

Ghtt- 


Of    ENGLAND. 


251 


Glcucefter  C.          James  Stephens,  Efq;  Alderman. 

Laurence  Singleton,  Efq;  Alderman. 
Cirencefter  B.          John  Stone,  of  Weftminfter,  Efq; 

Richard  Southby,  Efq; 
Teivkefiury  B.         Edward  Cook,  Efq; 

Robert  Long,  of  Draycot,  Efq; 
HEREFORDSHIRE. Col.  Wroth  Rogers. 

Bonnet  Hofkins,  Efq; 
HtrefordC.  Nathan  Rogers,   Efqj 

Roger  Bofworth,  M.  D. 
Leominjltr.  Col.  John  Birch. 

Edward  Freeman,  Efq; 
Weolly  B.  Herbert  Perrot,  Efq; 

Robert  Andrews,   Efq; 
HERTFORD-          Rowland  Litton,  of  Knebworth,  Efq; 

SHIRE.  Richard  Gulfton,  of  Widdiall,  Efq; 

S/.  Allans  B.  Richard  Jenyns,  Efq; 

Col.  Alban  Cox, 
Hertford  T.  Ifaac  Puller,  Efq; 

Major-General   William  Packer,    not  duly 
elected.     In  his  Place, 

James  Cooper,  Efq; 
HUNTINGDON-     Col.  Henry  Cromwell,  of  Ramfey. 

SHIRE.  Nicholas  Peclley,  Efq; 

Huntingdon  T.  Rt.  Hon.  John  Thurloe,  Efq;  Principal  Secre- 
tary of  State,  made  his  Election  for  the 
Univerfity  of  Cambridge. 

John  Barnard,  of  Brampton,  Efq; 
KENT.  William  James,  Efq; 

Sir  Thomas  Style,  Bart. 
Canterbury  C.        Thomas  St.  Nicholas,  Efq; 

Col.  Robert  Gibbon. 

Rocht/ter  C.  Richard  Hutchinfon,   Efq;  Treafurer  of  the 

Navy. 

Peter  Pett,  Efq;  Commiflioncr  of  the  Navy. 
Maidflone  B.  Andrew  Broughton,  Efq; 

John  Banks,  Efq; 

£>uecnborougk  B.  Hon.  James  Herbert,  Brother  to  the  Earl  of 
Pembroke. 

Thomas  Baylcs,  Efq; 
LANCASHIRE.       Sir  George  Booth,  Bart. 

Alexander  Rigby,  Efqj 

Lancafler 


252  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Lancajler  T,          Col.  William  Weft. 

Henry  Porter,  jun.  Efq; 
Prefton  B.  Col.  Richard  Shut  tie  worth. 

Col.  Richard  Standifh,  of  J3uckfbury, 
Wigan  B.  Hugh  Forth,  of'  London,  Merchant. 

Robert  Markland,  Efq; 
Col.  Gilbert  Ireland. 
Alderman  Blackmore. 
Newton  B.  William  Brereton,  Efq; 

Peter  Legh,  of  Lyme,  Efq; 

LEICESTER-          Sir  Thomas  Beaumont,   of    Stoughtpn- 
SHIRE.  Grainge,  Bart. 

Col.  Francis  Hacker,  ofQakham. 
Leicefter  T.  Sir  Arthur  Hafilrigge,  of  Nofeley,  Bart. 

William  Stanley,  Efq;  Alderman. 
LINCOLNSHIRE.  Edward  Rcffiter,  of  Somerby,  Efq; 

Thomas  Hatcher,  of  Carleton,  Efq; 
JLincoln  C.  Robert  Marfiial,  Alderman. 

Thomas  Meres,  Efq; 
J&ofton  T.  Sir  Anthony  Irby,  Knt. 

Francis  Muflenden,  Efq; 
Great  Grlmjby  B.  William  Wray,  Efq; 

Edward  Afcough,  Efq; 
Stamford  B.  Chriftopher  Clapham,  Efqj 

John  Weaver,  Efq; 

Grantham  B.  Sir  William  Ellis,  Bart,  his  Highnefs's  Soli- 

citor-General. 

Thomas  Skipwith,  of  this  Borough,  Efq; 
MIDDLESEX.        Chaloner  Chute,  Efq;  the  Firft  SPEAKER,  of 

this  Parliament. 
Francis  Gerrard,  Efq; 
Weftmin/ler  C.       Richard  Sherwyn,  Efq; 

Edward  Grofvenor,  Efq; 

London  C.  William  Thompfon,  Efq;  Alderman. 

Theophilus  Biddulph,  Efq; 
Capt.  John  Jones. 

Major-General. Richard  Browne,  Alderman* 
MOJCMOUTIJ-        William  Morgan,  of  Mahurne,  Efq; 

SHIRE.  Col.  John  Nicholas,  of  Llanmellan,  Efqj 

Monmwth  T.         Nath.  Waterhoufe,  Efq; 
NORFOLK.  Sir  Horatio  Townfhend,  Bart-, 

Sir  Wiiliam  D'Oyly,  Km. 

Nor" 


Of   ENGLAND. 

Norwich  C.  William  Barnham,  Efq; 

John  Hobart,  Efq; 
Lynn-Regis  T.       Thomas  Toll,  Alderman. 

Capt.  Griffith  Lloyd. 
Yarmouth  T.  Charles  George  Cook,  Efqs 

William  Burton,  Efq; 
ThttfordB.  William  Stene,   M.  D. 

Robert  Steward,  Efq; 
GflJik-Rifmg  B.     John  Fielder,  Efq; 

Guybon  Goddard,  of  King's- Lynn,  Efq;  Re- 
corder of  this  Borough. 
NORTHAMPTON-  Richard  Knightley,  of  Fawefley,  Efq; 

SHIRE.  Philip  Holman,  Efq; 

Peterborough  C.      Francis  St.  John,  Efq; 
Col.  Alexander  Beake. 

Northampton  T.    Francis  Hervey,  of  Wefton-Favel,  Elq; 
James  Langham,  of  Cottefbrook,  Efq; 
Brackley  B.  Thomas  Crew,  of  Stene,  Efq; 

William  Lifle,  of  the  Middle-Temple,  Efq; 
JHigham-FfrrersB.Jzmts  Nutley,  Efq; 
NORTHUMBER-    William  Fenwick,  of  Wellington,  Efq; 

LAND.  Ralph  Delavall,  Efq; 

Newcaftle  upon       Mark  Shaftoe,  of  this  Town,  Efq; 

Tyne  T.  Thomas  Lilburn,  Efq; 

Morpeth  B.  Robert  Delavall,  Efq; 

Robert  Mitford,  Efq; 

Berwick  upon         John  Rufti worth,  of  Lincoln's-Inn,  Efq; 
Tweed  T.  George  Payler,  Efq;  one  of  the  Commiffion- 

ers  of  the  Navy. 
NOTTINGHAM-    Edward  Nevil,  Efq; 

SHIRE.  Thomas  Briftow, 

Nottingham  T.       John  Whaley,  Efq; 

John  Parker,  Efq;  Alderman. 
Eaft  Retford  B.      Clifford  Clifton,  Efq; 

William  Cartwight,  Efq; 

OXFORDSHIRE.    Henry  Carey,  Vifcount  Fauikiand,  in  Scot- 
land. 

Robert  Jenkinfon,  Efq; 
Oxford  Univerfoy.  Matthew  Hale,  Serjeant  at  Lavr. 

John  Mills,  LL.D. 

Oxford  C.  Richard  Croke,  Efq;  Recorder. 

Major  Unton  Croke. 


254  *&&  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

WGodftoc'k  B.  Sir  Jerome  Sankey,  Knt. 

Miles  Fleetwood,  Efq; 
'Banlury  B.  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  jun.  Efq;  Son  of  the  Lord 

Comtniifioner  Fiennes. 
RUTLANDSHIRE.  William  Shield,  Efq; 

Edward  Horfeman,  Efq; 
SHROPSHIRE.        Thomas  Mackworth,  of  Betton,  Efq; 

Philip  Young,  of  Keintcn,  Efq; 
Shrew/bury  T.        Wiiliam  Jones,  Efq;  Recorder. 

Humphrey  Mackworth,  Efq;  Town-Clerk. 
Bridgenortb  B.        Edmund  Warynge,  Efq; 

John  Humphrys,   Efq; 
Ludlow  B.  Job  Charlton,   of  Lincolns  Inn,  Efq; 

Samuel  Baldwin,  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Efqj 
Great  Wenlock  B.  Thomas  Whitmore,  of  Luditon,  Efq; 

Sir  Francis  Lawley,  Knt. 
BlJbops-Caftle  T.    Samuel  More,  Efq; 

Will::  -.-:  Oakeley,  Efq; 
SOMERSETSHIRE.  John  Buckland,  Efq; 

Robert  Hunt,  of  Compton  Paunce/oot,  Efqj 
friflol  C.  Robert  Aldvvorth,   Efq; 

Jofeph  Jackfon,  Efq; 
fatly  C.  James  A(h,  Efq;  Recorder  of  the  City. 

John  Harrington,   Efq; 

Welh  C.  Sir  Lifkbone  Long,  K:.  Recorder  of  London ; 

the  Second  SPEAKER  of  this  Parliament. 

Thomas  White,   Efq; 
^aunton  B.  Sir  William  Wyndham,  Bart. 

Col.  Thomas  Gorges. 
Bridgeruater  B.      Sir  Thomas  Wroth,   Knt, 

John  Wroth,  Efq; 
Mynnead  B.  C.;l.  Alexander  Popham,  of  Honiflreet. 

Richard  Hutchinfon,  Eiq;    made  his  Elec- 
tion for  Rocbe/ier. 
Hche/ter  B.  Richard  Jones,  Efq; 

John  Barker,  Efq> 
Milborn^Port  B.    William  Carent,   Efq; 

R.obert  Hmt,  of  Compton -Pauncefoot,  Efq; 
made  his  Election  for  the  County  of  So- 
merjet. 

SouTHAMPTONr  Richard  Norton,  of  Southwick,  Efq; 
SHIRE.  Robert  Wallop,  of  Fair- Wallop,  J£fq; 


255 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D. 

Winchefler  C.         John  Hilddly,  of  Hinton,  Efq; 

Nicholas  Love,  ot  Wolvefey  in  the  Soake,  Efq; 
Southampton  T.      Thomas  Knollys,  Efq; 

Roger  Gallop,  Efq; 
Portfmoutb  T.        Francis  Willoughby,  Efq; 

John  Child,   Efq; 
Yarmouth  B.  John  Sadler,  Efq; 

Richard  Lucy,  Efq;  made  his  Election  for 

the  County  of  Warwick. 
Petcnfifld  B.          Sir  Henry  Norton,  Bart. 

Jofiah  Child,  Efq; 
Newport  B.  Thomas  Boreman,  of  Broke,  Efq; 

Robert  Dillington,  of  Motesfont,  Efq; 
Stockbridgc  B.         Francis  Rivet,  of  King's  Somborne,  Efq; 

Richard  Whitehead,  jun.  Efq; 
Newton  B.  William  Laurence,  Efq; 

John  Maynard,  Serjeant  at  Law. 
Chrifl-Churcb  B.    John  Bulkeley,  of  Over-Burgate,  Efq; 

Henry  Tulfe,  of  Hinton,  Efq; 
Wbitchurcb  B.        Sir  Henry  Vane,  Knt. 

Robert  Reynolds,  Efq; 
Lymington  B.          John  Button,  jun.  Efq; 

Richard  Whitehead,  jun.  Efq; 
Andover  B.  Col.  Gabriel  Beck. 

Robert  Gough,  of  Dean,  Efq; 
STAFFORDSHIRE.  Sir  Thomas  Whitgrave,  Knt. 

Col.  Thomas  Crompton. 
Litchfald  C.  Capt.  Daniel  Watfon. 

Thomas  Mynors,  Efq; 
Stafford  T.  Martin  Noell,  of  London,  Scrivener. 

William  Jeflbp,  Efq;  Clerk  of  the  Council. 
Newcajlle  under     Major  General  Tobias  Bridge 

Line.  Edward  Keeling,  Efqj 

Tarn-worth.  John  Swinfen,  Efq;     , 

Capt.  Thomas  Fox. 
SUFFOLK.  Sir  Henry  Felton,  of  Playford,  Bart. 

Sir  Thomas  Barnardifton,   of  Keddington, 

Knt. 
.Ipfwicb  T.  Nath.  Bacon,  Efq;  1  Matters   of  the   Re- 

Francis  Bacon,  Efq;  }  quefts  to  his  Highnefs. 
f)unwich  B.  Robert  Brewfter,  of  Wrentham,  Efq; 

John  Barrington,  of  Weftrainitcr,  Kfq; 

frford 


256  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Qrford  B.  Thomas  Edgar,  Efq; 

Jeremy  Copping,  Efq; 
Aldborough  B.         Laurence  Oxburgh,  Efq; 

John  Bence,  Merchant. 
Sudbury  B.  Samuel  Haflel,  Efq; 

Col.  John  Fothergiil. 
St.Edmond/bury'B.Col.  John  Clarke. 


£yeB. 


SURREY. 
South-work  B. 
Bhchingley  B. 
B. 


Guildford  B. 
Gattsn  B. 
Hafelmere  B. 


SUSSEX. 
Chicbejier  C. 
Horjham  B. 
Midhurft  B. 
Lewes  B. 

Sborebam  B. 


Bramber  B. 


Thomas  Chaplin,  Efq; 

Edward  Dendy,  Efq; 

Jofeph  Blifiet,  Efq; 

Arthur  Onflow,  Efq; 

Francis  Drake,  Efq; 

George  Thompfon,  Efq; 

Andrew  Brewer,  Efq; 

John  Goodwin,  Efq; 

Edmund  Hofkins,  Efq; 

John  Hek    Efq;  7      f  fe     ^        h 

Edward  Thurland;  Efq;  } 

Carew  Raleigh,  Efq; 

Robert  Parkhurft,  Efq; 

Thomas  Sturges,  Efq; 

Edward  Biihe,  Efq; 

John  Hooke,   of   Bramfhot,    Southampton- 

fliire,  Efq;  not  duly  elected.    In  his  Place, 
John  Weftbrook,  Efq; 
Henry  Fitz-  James,  of  Weftminfter,  Efq; 
Col.  Herbert  Morley,  of  Glyne. 
John  Fagge,  of  Wifton,  Efq; 
Henry  Pelham,  Efq;  Recorder. 
William  Cawley,  jun.  Efq; 
\Villiam  Freeman,   Efq; 
Henry  Chowne,  Efq; 
William  Yalden,  jun.  Efq; 
Benjamin  Wefton,  Efq; 
Col.  Herbert  Morley,  made  his  Election  for 

the  County  of  Suffix. 
Richard  Boughton,  Efq; 
Edward  Blake,  Efq; 
John  Whaley,   Efq;   made  his  Election  for 

Nottingham. 
John  Fagge.  of  Wifton,  Efq;  made  his  Elec- 

tion for  the  County  of  Suffex. 
Jokn  Byne,  of  Washington,  £fq; 

Steyn- 


Of   ENGLAND. 

Sleynlng  B.  Sir  John  Trevor,  Knt. 

Anthony  Shirley,  of  Prcfton,  Efqj 
Ea/l-GrinJIead  B.  Sir  Robert  Goodwin,  Knt. 

George  Courthorpe,  of  Tyfehurft,  Ef(j; 
Arundel  B.  Henry  Onflow,  of  Slinfojd,  £f<ij 

Richard  Marriot,  Efq; 
WARWICK-          Richard  Lucy,  Efq; 

SHIRE.  Col  Jof.  Hawkefworth. 

Coventry  C.  Major  Robert  Beakc. 

Col.  William  Purefoy. 
Warwick  B.  Foulk  Lucy,  Efq; 

Thomas  Archer,  Efq; 
WESTMORE-        Thomas  Burton,  Efq; 

LAND.  Thomas  Wharton,  Efq; 

Jppleby  T.  Adam  Baines,  Efq; 

Nathaniel  Redding,  Efq; 
WILTSHIRE.         Sir  Walter  St.  John,  Bart. 

Sir  Anthony  Afliley  Cooper,  of  Wimborne 

St.  Giles,  Bart. 
New  SarumC.       Henry  Eyre,  Efq;  Recarder. 

Humphrey  Ditton,  Efq;  Alderman. 
Wilton  B.  Hon.  John  Herbert,  Brother  to  the  Earl  of 

Pembroke. 

Richard  Grubham  Howe,  Efq; 
Dounton  B.  Thomas  Fitz-James,  of  Hurflcy,  Southamp- 

tonfhire,  Efq; 

William  Coles,  of  Woodfalls,  Efq; 
Hindon  B.  Major  General  Edmund  Ludlow. 

Edward  Tooker,  of  New  Sarum,  Efq; 
Heijlbury  B.  John  Afhe,  Efq; 

Samuel  Afhe,  Efq; 
Wejlbury  B.  Robert  Villiers,  alias  Danvers,  of  Baffetbury, 

Bucks,  Efq; 

William  Eyre,  of  Wefton  Ef<j; 
Calne  B.  Edward  Baynton,  Efq; 

William  Ducket,  Efq; 
Devizes  B.  Chaloner  Chute,  jun.  Efq; 

Capt-  Edward  Scotton. 
Chippeaham  B.       Sir  Edward  Hungerford,  of  Farleigh-Caftle, 

Somerretmire,  Knight  of  the  Bath. 
James  Stedman,  of  LincolnVInn,  Efq; 
VOL.  XXI.  R  Malmf- 


Malmfbury  B. 


Cricklade  B. 
Bedivin  B. 
Ludgerjhallfy. 
OldSarum 
Wwton-BaJJet  B. 

Marlborougb  B, 

WORCESTER- 
SHIRE. 

Worcejler  C. 
Droitwicb  B. 


Evejbam  B. 

Eewdley  B. 
YORKSHIRE. 


York  C. 

King/Ion  upon 

Hull  T. 
KnareJbrougb'St. 

S(arbrougb  B. 
Richmond  B. 


The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Sir  Henry  Lees  of  Ditchley,  in  Oxfordfhire, 

Bart. 
Thomas  Eliggons,  of  Grewel,  Southamptori"- 

fhire,  Efq; 

Edward  Pool,  of  Kcmbill,  Efq; 
John  Hawkins,  of  Afhton-Keynes,  Efq; 
Henry  Hungerford,  Efq; 
Thomas  Manley,  Efq; 
James  Davy,  of  the  Middle-Temple,  Efq; 
Richaru  Sherwyn,   Efq; 
Richard  Hill,  of  Stratford,   Efq; 
Major  William  Ludlow,  of  Clarendon-Park. 
Hen.  St.  John,  of  Lydiard  Tregoze,  Efq; 
Robert  Stevens,  of  the  Middle-Temple,  Efq; 

Recorder  of  this  Borough. 
Thomas  Grove,  of  Bury-Court,    Efq; 
James  Hayes,  Efq;  Recorder. 
Nicholas  Lechmere,  Efq;  Attorney  of   the 

Duchy  of  Lancafter. 
Thomas  Foley,  Efq; 
William  Collins,  Efq; 
Thomas  Streete,  Efq; 
John  Wylde,  Efq;  late  Lord  Chief  Baron  of 

the  Public  Exchequer. 
Edward  Salway,  of  Stanford,  Efq; 
Theophilus  Andrews,  Efq;  Alderman. 
Robert  Atkins,  Efq;  Recorder. 
Edward  Pytts,  of  Kier-Park,  Efq; 
Thomas  Lord  Fairfax,  Baron  of  Cameron, 

in  Scotland. 

Thomas  Harrifon,  Efq; 
Sir  Thomas  Dickenfon,  Knt.  Alderman. 
Chriftopher  Topham,  Efq; 
John  Ramfden,  Efq; 
Andrew  Marvel,  Efq; 
SHngfby  Bethel,  Efq; 
Robert  Walters,   Efq; 
Thomas  Chaloner,  Efq; 
Edward  Salmon,  of  Havering,  in  Eflex,  Efq; 
Sir  Chrifcopher  Wyvil,  Bart. 
John  Bathurft,  M.  D. 

Jieydon 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.  259 

Heydon  6.  Thomas  Strickland,  Efq;  made  his  Eledion 

for  B  ever  ley. 

Matthew  Allured,  Efq; 
BcrougUridge  B.    Robert  Stapylton,  of  My  ton,  Efq; 

Laurence  Parfons,  Elq; 
MaltonK.  Philip  Howard,  Efq;    '  •) 

George  Marwood,  Efq;  (  Double 

Luke  Robinfon,  of  Pickering,  Efq;  \  Return b 

Major-General  Robert  Lilburn.    J 
Ripon  B.  Edward  Jennings,  Efq; 

Jonathan  Jennings,  Efq; 
Thirjk  B.  Col.  Thomas  Talbot. 

Major-General  Goodrick,  of  Ribftan. 

Aldborough  B.         John  Lord  Lambert,  made  his  Election  for 
Pontefraft. 

Francis  Goodrick,  Efq; 
Allerton  B.  Major  George  Smithfon,  of  Stanwick. 

James  Danby,  of  Swinton,  Efq; 
Severity  B.  Thomas  Strickland,  Efq; 

John  Anlaby,  of  Etton,  Efq; 
Pontefraft  B.         John  Lord  Lambert. 

John  Hewley,  Efq; 


CINQUE        PORTS. 

Ha/lings  Samuel  Gott,  Efq; 

Nicholas  Delves,  Efq; 
•  Romney.  Sir  Robert  Honey  wood,  Knt. 

Lambert  Godfrey,   Efq; 
Hythe.  Sir  Robert  Hales,  Knt.  and  Bar;. 

William  Kenrick,  Efq; 
Dover.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  Kelfey. 

John  Dixwell,  Efq; 
Sandwich.  Richard  Meredith,  Efq; 

James  Thurbarnc,  Efq; 
R  2 


Wn- 


b  The  Queftion  before  the  Hotifc  was  this :  Wher.'icr  Ken  Ma'.ten  alone,  or  Old 
Malton  and  New  Malton  together,  ought  to  eleft  Burgefles.  When  a  Record  of 
26  Edward  I,  and  an  Order  of  the  Houle  of  D'-cnnber  n,  1640,  and  divers  other 
Records  and  Evidences  being  examined,  it  was  refolved  that  Old  Malton  had  a  joint 
Right  with  Ntto  Malton  to  eledt  and  fend  Members  to  Parliamcat  for  Jdahon  ;  and 
confequcntly  Mr.  Howard  and  Mr.  Marivwd  were  duly  eledlti),  Col.  Lilburn  and 
Mr.  Rsbinfon  being  chofen  by  New  Malttn  only. 

Commim  Journalt,  Mta^cbj,  1658. 


260  TT^e  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Winchelfea.  John  Bufbridge,  Efq; 

Robert  Fowle,  Efq; 
Rye.  William  Hay,  of  Glynbourn,  Efq; 

Mark  Thomas,  Efq; 
Seaford*  Nicholas  Meredith,  Efq; 

James  Thurbarne,  Efq; 

WALES. 

ANGLESEY.  Col.  George  Twifleton. 

Beaumauris  B.  Griffith  Bodville,  Efq; 

BRECON.  Edmund  Jones,  Efq;  his  Highnefs's  Attorney- 
General  for  South-Wales. 

JBrecon  T.  Samuel  WJghtwick,  Efq; 

CARDIGAN.  Col.  James  Philips. 

Cardigan  T.  Col.  Roland  Dawkin?. 

CARMARTHEN.  Thomas  Hughes,  Efq; 

Carmarthen  T.  David  Morgan,  Efq; 

CARNARVON.  William  Glynn,  Efq; 

Carnarvon  T.  Robert  Williams,  of  Conway,  Efq; 

DENBIGH.  Sir  John  Carter,  of  Kinmell. 

Denbigh  T.  John  Manley,  of  Brynchurne,  Efq; 

FLINT.  John  Trevor,  Efq; 

GLAMORGAN.  Evan  Seys,  of  Boverton,  Serjeant  at  Law. 

Cardiff"  T.  John  Price,  of  Newtown,  Efq; 

Swanzey.  William  Foxwift,  Efq; 

MERIONETH.  Lewis  Owen,  Efq; 

MONTGOMERY.  Edward  Vaughan,  of  Lloydiarth,  Efq; 

Montgomery  T.  Charles  Lloyd,  of  Garth,  Efq; 

PEMBROKE.  Sir  E.rafmus  Philips,  of  Pi&on-Caftle,  Bart. 

Pembroke  T.  Sampfon  Lort,  Efq; 

Arthur  Owen,  of  Newmoate,  Efq; 

Haverford-WeJl.  John  Upton,  Efq; 

RADNOR.  Henry  Williams,  Efq; 

Radnor  T.  Robert  Weaver,  Efq; 

SCOTLAND. 

SHIRES. 

Aberdeen^  Archibald  Marquis  of  Argyle. 
Fife  and  Kinrofe,  Sir  Alexander  Gibfon,  Knt. 
Perth,  Sir  Edward  Rhodes,  one  of  his  Highnefs's  Council  in 
Scotland, 

In* 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.  261 

Inverness,  Col.  Thomas  Fitch. 

Linlithgaw,  SLirliug^  ami  Clackmannan ,  Col.  Adrian  Scropc,  one 

of  his  Highnefs's  Council. 
Dumbarton,  Argyle,  and  Bute,  William  Stene,  M.  D.  made 

his  Election  for  Thetford,  in  Norfolk. 
Lanerk,  Col.  George  Lockhart,  his  Highnefs's  Advocate. 
Mid-Lothian,  Samuel  Difbrowe,  Efq;  Chancellor  and  Keeper 

of  the  Great  Seal  of  Scotland. 
Selkirk  and  Peebles,  Archibald  Murray,  Efq; 
Merce,  John  Swinton,  of  Swinton,  Eiq;  one  of  his  Highnefs's 

Council. 

Roxborougb,  Sir  Andrew  Ker,  Knt. 
Wigton,  Sir  James  MacDowel,  of  Garthland,  Knt. 
Ea/l-Lothian,  John  Earl  of  Tweedale. 

CITIES    and    BOROUGHS. 

Edinburgh,  John  Thompfon,  Efq;  Auditor-General  of  the  Re- 
venues of  Scotland. 

Bamjf,  Cullen,  and  Aberdeen,  Dr.  Thomas  Clarges,  of  Weft- 
min/icr. 

Linlitbgow,  £>iieen>s  Ferry,  Perth,  Culrofs,  and  Stirling,  Tho- 
mas Waller,  of  Grey's -Inn,  Efq; 

St.  dndrews,  Dyfart,  Kirkaldy,  Coupar,  Anftrutker-EaJler,  &c. 
Col.  Nathaniel  Whetham,  one  of  his  Highnefs's 
Council. 

Laneri,  Glafgow,  Rutberglen,  Rotbfay,  Renfrew,  Aire,  Irvin, 
and  Dumbarton,  Capt.  John  Lockhart. 

Dumfries,  Sanquhar,  Lcchmaben,  Annan,  Wigton,  Kirkcudbright, 
Whitehorn,  and  Galloway,  Major  Jeremy  Tolhurft, 
Burgefs  of  Dumfries. 

Peebles,  Selkirk,  "Jedburgh,  Louder,  North-Berwick,  Dunbar, 
and  Haddington,  Dr.  Thomas  Clarges,  of  Wejlminjler* 

Forfar,  Dundee,  Aberbrothock,  Montrefe,  and  Brechin,  Laurence 
Oxburgh,  Efq; 

IRELAND. 

COUNTIES. 

Dublin,  Sir  Theophilus  Jones,  Knt.  Major  of  Horfc^ 
Meath  and  Loiuth,  Major  Anthony  Morgan. 
Major  William  Afhton, 

R  3  Kit- 


2-62  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Kildair  and  Wicklow,  Dudley  Loftus,  LL.  D. 

Col.  Henry  Markham. 
Catberlough,    Wexford,    Kilkenny,    and   Queen's  County,  Major 

Daniel  Redman. 

Lieutenant- Colonel  John  Brett. 
WeJl-Meatb,  Longford,  and  King's  County,  Francis  Lord  Aungier, 

Sir  Henry  Peirce. 
Downe,  Antrim,  and  Armagh,  Sir  John  Skeffington. 

Major  George  Rawden. 
Deny,  Donegal,  and  Tyrone,  Col.  John  Gorges. 

Major  Alexander  Staples. 

Cavan,  Fermannagh,  and  Monoghan,  Col.  Thomas  Coote. 
Kerry,  Limerick,  and  Clare,  Col.  Sir  Henry  Ingoldfby,  Bart. 

Sir  Hardrefs  Waller,.  Knt. 
Cork,   Sir  Maurice  Fenton. 

lipperary  and  IVaterford,  Sir  Jerome  Sankey,  Knt.  made  his 
Election  for  Woodjhck,  Oxfordfmre. 

Thomas  Stanley,  Efq; 
Sl'igo,  Rofcommon,  and  Letrim,  Robert  Parke,  Efq; 

Thomas  Waller,  Efq; 

Galway  and  Mayo,  Sir  Charles  Coote,  Bart.  Lord  Prefident  of 
Connaugbt. 

Col  Thomas  Sadler,  Governor  of  Galway. 

CITIES     and     TOWNS. 

Dublin,  Arthur  Annefley  Efq; 

Carickfergus  and  Belfaft,  Lieutenant  -Colonel  John  Duckenfield, 

Derry  and  Colerane,  Ralph  King,   of  Londonderry,  Efq; 

Limerick  and  Kilmallock,  Capt.  George  Ingoldfby. 

Cork  and  Yougbal,  Col.  Francis  Fowke,  Governor  of  Drogheda. 

Randon  and  Kingfale,  Vincent  Gookyn,  Efq;  Surveyor-General.. 

Waterford  and  Clonmell,  Capt.  William  Halfey. 

But,  before  the  Parliament  met,  a  Day  of  folemn  Failing  and 
Humiliation  was  appointed  by  the  Lord  Protector,  to  be  obferved 
throughout  the  Three  Nations,  to  feek  the  Lord  for  his  Blefling 
upon  the  Proceedings  qf  both  Houfes,  and  the  other  Affairs  of 
State. 

On  the  2yth  of  January,  according  to  Appointment,  the 
Ke\v  Lord  Prote&or  came  to  Weftminfter  with  the  fame  State 

and 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       263 

and  Solemnity  that  his  Father  had  done.     The  inter- r 
Commons  met  in  their  ufual  Place;  and  the  New        1658. 
Lords,  who  had  alfo  been  fummoned  by  Writ  to  V*"«"V"* 
attend  according  to  the  Humble  Petition  and  Ad-      January- 
vice,  to.ok  their  Places  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords,  not- 
withftanding  the  Commons,  in  the  laft  Parliament, The  Parliament 
had  refufed  to  acknowledge  their  Lordfhips'  Autho-™-^  *?l&**' 
rity,  which  had  been  one  principal  Means  of  their 
own  hafty  Difiblution. 

During  the  late  Recefs,  the  Earls  of  Warwick^™  "°«fe  of 
and  Mulgrave,  who  had  been  fummoned  to  the  laftj  *" 

Parliament,  died  ;  the  other  Peers,  who  had  recei- 
ved Writs  of  Summons  from  Oliver,  (the  Lords 
Eure  and  Fauconbcrg  only  -excepted)  had  paid  no 
Regard  to  his  Call,  and  now  treated  that  of  his  Son 
v/ith  equal  Neglect,  as  did  alfo  the  Lord  Chief 
Juitice  6V.  John,  Sir  Gilbert  Gerrard,  Mr.  John 
Crew,  Mr.  Alexander  PQpham,  and  Mr.  William 
Pierepoint,  Sir  Arthur  Hafilrisge,  being  elected  for 
the  Town  of  Leice/ler,  continued  to  fit  in  the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  as  he  had  done  in  the  laft  Par- 
liament. Some  of  the  New  Peers  were  at  their  re- 
fpeclive  Commands  at  home  and  abroad,  fo  that  not 
above  44  of  the  whole  Houfe  ever  made  their  Ap- 
pearance at  all,  and  moft  of  thofe  that  attended 
were  either  the  Protector's  near  Relations,  or  his 
immediate  Dependents :  And  there  are  no  Records 
left  us  of  their  Proceedings,  except  what  the  Jour- 
nals of  the  Commons  fupply. 

The  firft  Thing  we  find  entered  in  thofe  Autho- 
rities, is  a  Commiffion  from  his  Highnefs  the  Lofd 
Protector  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England^  Scot- 
land, and  Ireland,  &c.  under  the  Broad  Seal,  and 
dated  at  IVejlminfler,  January  26,  directed  to  the 
Rt.  Hon.  John  Tburtoe,  Efq;  Principal  Secretary  of 
State,  and  many  other  Perfons,  authorizing  them 
to  adminifter  the  Oath  appointed  by  the  Humble 
Additional  Explanatory  Petition  and  Advice  to  every 
Member,  before  they  took  their  Seats.  After 
all  the  Members  that  appeared  were  fworn,  and 
fcated  in  the  Houfe,  Sir  Walter  Erie  rofe  up,  and 

put 


264     efbe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regmwn.  put  them  in  Mind  that  their  firft  Work  was  to  chufe 

1658.        a  Speaker ;  and  that  there  was,  amongft  them,  a 

^*      *~  -1  worthy  Gentleman  of  the  Long  Robe,  whom  he 

January.      conceived  was  very  fitly  qualified  for  that  Service. 

He  therefore  propofed  Chaloner  Chute,  Efq;  who 

was  fully  approved  of  by  a  general  Call  to  the 

Chair. 

The  Commons  ^r*  C^ute^  flanding  up  in  his  Place,  excufed 
chufe  Chaloner  himfelf  by  reafon  of  Weaknefs  of  Body,  and  great 
Chute,  E(q;  for  Indifpofition  of  Health,  which  rendered  him  unable 
their  Speaker.  to  djfcharge  the  Duties  incumbent  upon  the  Office 
of  Speaker ;  but  efpecially  his  Inexperience  of  the 
Orders  and  Proceedings  of  the  Houfe;  and  this  Par- 
liament being  an  AfTembly  in  which,  in  all  Proba- 
bility, fo  much  would  depend,  he  befought  the 
Members  to  think  of  fome  other  Perforj,  more  wor- 
thy, and  of  better  Health  and  Ability,  to  fupply 
that  Place  :  But,  being  generally  called  on  by  the 
Houfe,  he  was,  by  SirfFeluf  Erie  and  Mr.  Charles. 
Rich,  Brother  to  the  Earl  of  Warwick^  brought 
qnd  placed  in  the  Chair ;  where  being  fet,  and  the 
Mace  brought  in  by  the  Serjeant  and  laid  on  the 
Table,  the  Speaker  again  reprefented  to  the  Houfe 
his  Inability  for  that  Office ;  yet  acknowledging,  with 
great  Thankfulnefs,  the  Regard  {hewn  him  by  the 
Houfe,  he  prayed,  That  as  it  was  their  Favour  which 
call'd  him,  and  their  Command  only  that  had  brought 
him  to  that  Place,  if  he  (hould  err  therein,  through 
Inadvertency  or  want  of  Experience,  as  he  might 
be  apt  to  do,  the  fame  Favour  and  Affection  in 
them  would  pardon  fuch  Error.  After  this  a  Billa 
left  unfinifhed  by  the  preceding  Parliament,  was, 
according  to  Cuftom,  read  ;  the  Serjeant  at  Arms 
and  the  Clerks  appointed;  and  then  the  Houfe  ad- 

.   fourned  to  the  next  Day,  but  the  Speaker  was  not 
Not  preiented  toJ  .      r>         n       r      L-     A  i      •  i  • 

the  Proteftor,  as  prefented  to  the  Proteaor  for  his  Approbation  ;  his 
ufual.  Father,  as  before  obferved,  paving  never  aflumed 

that  Circumftance  of  Royalty. 

There  is  no  Mention  at  all  in  the  Journals  of  any 
Speech  made  to  both  Houfes  by  the  Protector  at  this 

Time  3, 


Of    ENGLAND.       265 

*Time  ;  but  we  are  told,  by  a  Member  of  this  Par-   Inter- repmai. 

liament c,  that  his  Highnefs  fent  the  Ufher  of  the, 

Black  Rod  to  fummon  the  Commons  to  attend  him     VT""V~'**^ 

in  the  Other  Houfe,  for  he  had  fomewhat  to  fpeak 

to  them  there:  That,  at  this  Call,  not  above  12 

or    15   Members  went  out  of  the  Houfe,  though 

there   were  fome  more  that  joined  them   on  the 

Way,    and    appeared   before    him :     And    that   he 

made,  beyond  Expectation,  a  very  handfome  Speech 

to   them,   exceeding  that  which    followed   by  his 

Keeper  of  the  Great  Seal.     Our  Colleflions  fupply 

us  with  both  thefc  Sp.eecb.es,  which  properly  follow 

in  this  Place.  d 

My  Lords  and  Gentlemen^ 
'  T  Believe  there  are  fcarce  any  of  you  here,  who-The  Protestor** 

|_  expected,  fome  Months  fince,  to  have  feen  this  Speech  at  opea- 
gieat  Afiembly,  at  this  Time,  in  this  Place,  inp 
Peace ;  confulering  the  great  and  unexpected  Change 
which  it  hath  pleafed  the  All-difpofing  Hand  of  God 
to  make  iu  the  midft  of  us  :  I  can  allure  you,  that 
if  Things  had  been  according  to  our  own  Fears,  and 
the  Hopes  of  our  Enemies,  it  had  not  been  thus  with 
us  :  And  therefore  it  will  become  both  you  and  me, 
in  the  firft  Place,  (as  to  reverence  and  adore  the 
great  God,  Poflefibr  of  Heaven  and  Earth,  in  whofe 
Hands  our  Brqath  is,  and  whofe  are  all  our  Ways, 
bccaufe  of  his  Judgments)  fo  to  acknowledge  him 
in  his  Goodnefo  to  thefeLand?,  in  that  he  hath  not 
added  Sorrow  to  Sorrow,  and  made  the  Period  of 
his  late  HighnetVs  Life,  and  that  of  the  Nation's 
Peace,  to  have  been  in  one  Day, 

«  Peace 

c  Ii\  a  Pamphlet,  called  A  tmt  and  impartial  Narrative  of  the 
r:iji  material  Dtbaus  andPaffagti  in  (be  late  Parliament,  together  -with 
the  Rift  and  DiJ/olution  of  it,  publifhcd  for  the  SatisfafJion  of  tbofe 
that  dtfire  to  know  toio  they  ffcat  their  Time.  By  a  Member  of  that 
Parh'amtft,  wkit't  none  of  the  prefent  Parliament. — London,  printtd 
far  Thomas  Btevvfler,  and  are  to  be  fold  at  bit  Shop,  at  the  Sign 
of  the  Three  Bibles  in  Paul'*  Cturcb-TarJ,  16150 

When  this  Piece  fii  it  appeared  in  public,  it  had  not  the  Name  of  tlm 
Author,  but  Mr.  Bitkcll  aftcrwauis  owned  it,  and  reprinted  it  at  the 
End  of  a  Book,  intituled,  The  Jnterefl  of  the  Prints  and  States  cf 
Europe,  ice.  By  Slingfby  Bethel),  Efy\  8vo,  Landen,  1694. 

<1  Fiorn  the  original  Edition,  printed  by  Henry  Hill\  and  John  Firil, 
Printers  to  the  Lord  Protector.  Published  by  his  HighntlVa 


266     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Joter-regtmm.      '  Peace  was  one  of  the  Bleffings  of  my  Father's 

1658.        Government  j  a  Mercy  after  fo  long  a  Civil  War, 

v— - y—~~t    and  in  the  midft  of  fo  great  Divifion  which  that 

January.      War  bred,  is  not  ufually  afforded,  by  God,  unto  a 

People  in  fo  great  a  Meafure. 

'  The  Caufe  of  God,  and  thefe  Nations,  which 
he  was  engaged  in,  met  in  all  the  Parts  of  it,  as  you 
well  know,  with  many  Enemies  and  great  Oppofi- 
tion ;  the  Archers,  privily  and  openly,  forely  grie- 
ved him,  and  fhot  at  him,  yet  his  Bow  abode  in 
Strength,  and  the  Arms  of  his  Hands  were  made 
ftrong  by  the  Hands  of  the  mighty  God  of  Jacob. 

'  As  to  himfelf;  he  died  full  of  Days,  fpent  in 
great  and  fore  Travail ;  yet  his  Eyes  were  not  wax- 
ed dim,  neither  was  his  natural  Strength  abated ;  as 
it  was  faid  of  Mofes*  He  was  ferviceable  even  to  ths 
laft. 

'  As  to  thefe  Nations  ;  he  left  them  in  great  Ho- 
nour abroad,  and  in  full  Peace  at  home  :  All  Eng- 
land^ Scotland,  and  Ireland  dwelling  fafely,  every 
Man  under  his  Vine,  and  under  his  Fig-Tree,  from 
Dan  even  to  Beerjheba. 

'  He  is  gone  to  Reft,  and  we  are  entered  into  his 
Labours  ;  and  if  the  Lord  hath  ftill  a  Bleffing  for 
thefe  Lands,  (as  I  truft  he  hath)  as  our  Peace  hath 
been  lengthened  out  to  this  Day,  fo  fhall  we  go  on 
to  reap  the  Fruit,  and  gather  the  Harveft  of  what 
his  late  Highnefs  hath  fown,  and  laid  the  Founda- 
tion of. 

'  For  my  own  Part,  being,  by  the  Providence  of 
God  and  the  Difpofition  of  the  Law,  my  Father's 
Succefibr,  and  bearing  that  Place  in  the  Govern- 
ment that  I  do,  I  thought  it  for  the  Public  Good  to 
call  a  Parliament  of  the  Three  Nations,  now  uni- 
ted, and  conjoin'd  together  into  one  Commonwealth, 
under  one  Government. 

*  It  is  agreeable  not  only  to  my  Truft,  but  to  my 
Principles,  to  govern  thefe  Nations  by  the  Advice 
of  my  two  Houfes  of  Parliament :  I  find  it  aflerted 
in  the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice,  (which  is  the 
Corner-ftone  of  this  Building,  and  that  which  I  fhall 
adhere  to)  That  Parliaments  art  the  great  Council  of 

the 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      267 

tbe  Chief  Aliigijl  rate  y  in  whofe  Advice  Loth  he  and  Inter-regnuAi. 

theft  Nirtions  may  be  mojl  faje  and  happy.     I  can  af- 

Jure  you  I  have    that  EUeem  of  them  ;  and  as  I 

have  made  it  the  firit  Ad  of  my  Government  to  call 

you  together,  fo  I  (hall  further  let  you  fee  the  Value 

I  have  of  you,  by  the  Anfwers  that  I  fhall  return 

to  the  Advice  that  fhall  be  given  me  by  you,  for  the 

Good  of  thefc  Nations. 

*  You  are  corne  up  from  your  fetferal  Countries, 
as  the  Heads  of  your  Tribes,  and  with  Hearts  (I 
perfuadc  mylelf)  to  confuk  together  for  their  Good; 
I  can  (ay  I  meet  you  with  the  fame  Defires,  having 
nothing  in  my  Dcfign,  but  the  Maintenance  of  the 
Peace,  Laws,  Liberties,  both  Civil  and  Chriilian, 
of  thefe  Nations-;  which  I  fhall  always  make  the 
Meafure  and  Rule  of  my  Government,  and  be  rea- 
dy to  fpcnd  my  Life  for. 

'  We  have  fummoned  you  up  at  this  Time  to  let 
you  know  the  State  of  our  Affairs,  and  to  have  your 
Advice  in  them  :  And  I  believe  a  Parliament  was 
never  fummoned  upon  a  more  important  Occafion. 

*  It  is  true,  as  I  have  told  you,  we  are,  thro'  the 
Goodnefs  of  God,  at  this  Time  in  Peace ;  but  it  is 
not  thus  with  us-  becaufe  we  have  no  Enemies  :  No, 
there  are  enough  both  within  us  and  without  us, 
who  would  foon  put  an  End  to  our  Peace,    were  it 
in  their  Power,  or  fhould  it  at  any  Time  come  in- 
to their  Power. 

c  It  will  be  becoming  your  Wifdom  to  ccmfider 
of  the  fecuring  of  our  Peace  againft  thofe,  who,  we 
all  know,  are,  and  ever  will  be,  our  implacable 
Enemies  ;  what  the  Means  of  doing  this  are,  I 
fhall  refer  unto  you. 

*  This  I  can  afiure  you,  That  the  Armies  of 
England^  Scotland,  and  Ireland^  arc  true  and  faith- 
ful to  the  Peace  and  gqod  Intereft  of  thefe  Nations; 
and  it  will  be  found  fo,  and  that  they  are  a  confid- 
ent Body,  and  iifeful  for  any  good  Ends;  and  if 
they  were  not  the  beft  Army  in  the  World,  you 
would  have  heard  of  many  Inconveniences,  by  rca- 
icm  of  the  great  Arrear  of  Pay  which  is  now  due  un- 

td 


.     268     'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

m.  to  them,  whereby  fome  of  them  are-  reduced  to 
great  Neceffities :  But  you  {hall  have  a  particular 
Account  of  their  Arrears,  and  I  doubt  not  but  Con- 
f1(jeratjon  will  be  had  thereupon,  in  fome  fpeedy 
and  effectual  Way.  And  this  being  Matter  of  Mo- 
ney, I  recommend  it  particularly  to  the  Houfe  of 
Commons. 

*  You  have,  you  know,  a  War  with  Spain,  car- 
ried on  by  the  Advice  of  Parliament ;  he  is  an  old 
Enemy,  and  a  potent  one,  and  therefore  it  will  be 
jieceflary,   both  for  the  Honour  and  Safety  of  thefe 
Nations,  that  that  War  be  vigoroufly  profecuted. 

4  Furthermore,  the  Conftitution  of  Affairs  in  all 
our  neighbour  Countries,  and  round  about  us,  (as 
•well  Friends  as  Enemies)  is  very  confiderable ; 
and  calls  upon  us  to  be  upon  our  Guard  both  at  Land 
and  Sea,  and  to  be  in  a  Pofture  able  to  maintain 
and  conferve  our  own  State  and  Intereft. 

'  Great  and  powerful  Fleets  are  preparing  to  be 
fet  forth  into  thefe  Seas,  and  confiderable  Armies  of 
feveral  Nations  and  Kings  are  now  difputing  for  the 
Maftery  of  the  Sound.,  with  the  adjacent  Iflands  and 
Countries  ;  among  which  is  the  Emperor  of  Ger- 
many,, with  other  Popifli  States.  I  need  not  tell  you 
of  what  Confequencfe  thefe  Things  are  to  this  State. 

'  We  have  already  interpofed  in  thefe  Affairs,  in 
fuch  Manner  as  we  found  it  neceflary  for  the  Intereft 
of  England ;  and  Matters  are  yet  in  fuch  a  Condi- 
tion in  thofe  Parts,  that  the  State  may,  with  the 
Afliftance  of  God,  provide  that  their  Differences 
may  not  prejudice  us. 

'  The  other  Things  that  are  to  be  faid  I  (hall  re- 
fer to  my  Lord-Keeper  Fiennes  ;  and  clofe  up  what 
I  have  to  fay,  with  only  adding  two  or  three  Parti- 
culars to  what  I  have  already  faid. 

*  And,y?r/?,  I  recommend  to  your  Care  the  People 
of  God  in  thefe  Nations,  with  their  Concernments  : 
The  more  they  are  divided  among  themfelves,  the 
greater  Prudence  Ihould  be  ufed  to  cement  them. 

4  Secondly,  The  good  and  neceffary  Work  of  Re-^ 
formation,  both  in  Mar/nejs  and  in  the  Ajdminiftra- 

tion 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       269 

tion  of  Juftice,  that  Profanenefs  may  be  difcounte-  Inter-regmua, 
nanccd  and  fuppreffed,  and  that  Righteoufnefs  and        l6s8- 
Juftice  may  be  executed  in  the  Land.  l^»~/— «*«J 

*  Thirdly,  I  recommend  unto  you  the  Proteftant 
Caufe  abroad,  which  feems  at  this  Time  to  be  in 
feme  Danger,  having  great  and  powerful  Enemies, 
and  very  few  Friends  ;  and  I  hope  and  believe  that 
the  old  Engllfo  Zeal  to  that  Caufe  is  ftill  amongft 
us. 

*  Lajlly,  My  Lords,  and  you  Gentlemen  of  the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  That  you  will,  in  all  your  De- 
bates, maintain  and  confcrveLove  and  Unity  among 
yourfelves,   that  therein  you  may  be  fhe  Pattern  of 
the  Nation,  who  have  fent  you  up  in  Peace,  and 
with  their  Prayers,  that  the  Spirit  of  Wifdom  atul 
Peace  may  be  among  you  :  And  this  (hall  alfo  be  my 
Prayer  for  you  ;  and  to  this  let  us  all  add  our  utmoli 
Endeavours  for  the  making  this  an  happy  Parlia- 
ment.' 

The  Lord  Commiflioner  Fiennes's  Speech,  on  this 
Occafion,  was  exprefled  in  thefe  Terms  :  c 

My  Lsrds  and  Gentlemen, 

*  A  •  ^H  E  Wife  Man  having  propofed  this  Que-^nj  ti,at  Of 

fUon,  IVhat  can  the  Man  do  that  cometb  af~  CommjiSoner 

ter  thtKing?  tfe  anfwereth  himfelf  thus,  Even  fjfe 

/•;;;/  /       j     ,  r\      r\ 

which  hath  been  already  done.   And  to  the  like  Que- 

ftion  at  this  Time,  *  What  can  he  fay  that  fpeaketh 

*  after  his  Highnefs?'    The  like  Anfwer  may  not 
be  unfitly  returned,    '  Even  that  which  hath  been 
'  already  fpoken.'    Let  me  therefore  crave  your  Pa- 
tience, while  I  eccho  back  again  unto  you  the  fame 
Things,  which  even  now  you  have  heard  from  his 
Highnefs  :    Things,  which  cannot  found  too  often 
in  your  Ears,  becaufe  they  cannot  fink  too  deep  into 
your  Hearts ;  nor  be  too  much  upon  your  Thoughts. 

4  You  fee  how  the  moft  Wife  God,  the  Supreme 
Moderator  and  Governor  of  all  Things,  in  the  pre- 
fcnt  Difpenfation  of  his  Providence,  which  we  be- 
hold 

c  Publifhed,  by  1m  Hishuefs's  CoraTnanA,  for  lltnry  Twr/ 


270     cThe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  hold  before  our  Eyes,  doth,  as  it  were,  checquer 
l658-  out  his  Work  unto  us,  and  leemcth  to  pave  his  Way 
^-  ~v~  — *  amongft  us  in  Black  and  White.  That  which  re- 
jaauary.  prefents  itfelf  unto  us  in  a  fad  and  black  Colour,  is 
the  Death  of  his  late  Highncfs,  of  famous  and  of 
blcfled  Memory  :  That  which  appeareth  unto  us, 
Wtth  a  fair  and  promiiing  Afpecl,  is  the  Succeffion 
of  his  prefent  Highnefs  to  the  Government  of  thefe 
Nations,  by  the  Appointment  and  Declaration  of  his 
Father,  in  purfuance  of  the  Advice  of  Parliament; 
and  this  with  the  general  and  joyful  Acceptation  of 
the  People,  teftified  by  fo  many  inoft  affectionate 
Addrefies;  and  that  from  moft,  if  not  all,  Counties, 
Cities,  Boroughs,  and  other  Societies  of  Men,  of 
all  Sorts,  Profefftons,  and  Conditions:  Whereby  it 
doth  moft  manifeftly  appear,  That  what  God  fpake 
unto  them  in  that  Difpenfation,  at  fuch  Time  as 
their  Hearts  were  full  of  Doubt,  Fear,  and  Trouble, 
upon  his  late  Highnefs 's  Death,  was  a  Word  fitly 
fpoken^  like  Apples  of  Geld  in  Pifiures  of  Silver* 
And  now,  that  his  Highnefs  hath  called  this  Parlia- 
ment of  the  Three  Nations,  he  ftandeth  at  the  Head 
jof  this  Great  and  Mod  Honourable  Aflembly,  the 
Jleprefer.tative  of  the  Three  Nations ;  and  is  held 
forth  to  the  World  as  a  Noble  Piece,  befet  on  the 
one  Side,  and  on  the  other,  with  moft  rich  and  pre- 
cious Stones,  whereby  much  of  Price,  and  much  of 
Luftre,  is  added  to  it. 

4  It  is  not  my  Bufmefs  to  praife  the  Dead,  much 
lefs  to  flatter  the  Living ;  but  the  Things  which  I  (hall 
reprefent  unto  you,  in  relation  to  this  Alteration, 
which,  of  late,  the  Providence  of  God  hqth  wrought 
amongft  us,  fhall  be  only  fuch  Confiderations  as 
have  been  remembered  unto  you  by  his  Highnefs, 
and  fuch  asmayminifterfitMatterforyourThoughts 
to  be  cxercifed  about,  in  order  to  the  great  Conful- 
tations  for  which,  at  this  Time,  you  are  called  to- 
gether. 

'  His  late  Highnefs,  you  know,  and  the  whole 
World  knows,  was  a  Man  of  War ;  yet  he  died  ia 
Peace,  and  left  thefe  Nations  in  Peace  at  home, 

and 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  £.       271 

and  Victorious  abroad ;  and  they  are  ftill,  God's  inter-recmm;, 
Name  be  praifed  for  it,  in  Peace,  and  in  Peace  they  j658- 
are  brought  to  your  Hands  ;  wherein  his  Highnefs  <— -v— ' 
and  the  Nations  have  placed  great  Confidence,  and  Jam 
have  great  Hopes  and  Expeditions  that  they  fhall 
be  fafe,  and  preferved  in  Peace  :  A  Thing  fo  well 
pleafing  to  God,  who  is  the  God  of  Peace,  and  fo 
acceptable  to  thefe  Nations,  who  have  fufficiently 
teftified  their  Love  to  Peace,  and  their  Longing  af- 
ter Settlement.  But  that  is  not  all  j  his  late  High- 
nefs not  only  left  thefe  Three  Nations  in  Peace, 
with,  in,  and  betwixt  themfelves,  but  alfo  in  Uni- 
ty: And  as  it  was  his  and  the  late  Parliament's  wor- 
thy Work  and  Care  to  unite  thefe  Three  Nations 
into  one  Commonwealth,  that  they  might  be  no 
longer  Thorns  in  the  Eyes,  and  Goads  in  the  Sides 
of  each  other,  as  fometimes  they  have  been  (and 
as  Wales  formerly  was,  and  as  other  Provinces  in 
our  neighbour  Nations  were,  unto  them,  till  they 
found  Means  to  incorporate  them  into  one  Body  and 
Government)  ;  fo  his  Highnefs  held  it  incumbent 
upon  him  to  bring  them  united  to  and  in  this  Par- 
liament, according  to  the  Practice  of  the  late  Parlia- 
ments whilft  they  fat,  and  the  exprefs  Declaration 
of  their  Intention,  That  all  Parliaments,  for  the 
future,  fhould  be  Parliaments  of  the  Three  Nations  ; 
and  that  there  fliould  be  fome  Members  to  ferve  in 
them  from  and  for  the  Three  Nations  ;  which 
Unity  in  the  Supreme  Legiflative  Power  doth  not 
only  ferve,  at  prefent,  to  prevent  Mifchief  and  Di- 
ftraction,  but  may  aifo,  by  the  Bleffing  of  God,  for 
the  future,  procure  a  full  and  perfect  Coalition  -, 
whereby  the  Breaches  and  Sufferings  of  many  for- 
mer Ages  will  be  avoided,  their  Delires  and  Endea- 
vours attained,  and  the  Fears  of  many  fucceedinj 
Generations  fecured;  and  fo,  at  length,  a  ftrong 
treble  Cord  twifted  together,  which  cannot  be  eafily 
brokeji  ;  I  fay,  which  cannot  be  eafily  broken  while 
it  remains  twifted  together:  But,  if  untwifted,  it 
may  not  only  be  foon  and  eafily  broken  itfelf ;  but, 
afterward,  each  Part  wHl  ferve  and  help  to  break 
£Ue  other. 


272     ^e  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-reenum.       '  In  the  next  Place,  that  which  I  (hall  offer  to 

1658.        your  Thoughts,  upon  this  Subject,  is,  That  his 

*--— v—->    late  Highnels  had  it  much  in  his  He.art  to  build  the 

^aouary,      j^oufe  of  God,  with  the  Courts  thereof,  and  made 

great  Preparations  for  it.      By  the  Houfe  of  God,  I 

mean  the  Church  of  God  \  by  the  Courts  thereof, 

the  true  and  pure  \Votihip  of  God,  and  Juftice  and 

Judgment  amongft  Men  :  This  makes  the  outward, 

that  the  inward,  Court  of  God'.s  Houfe  ;  and  to  all 

thefe  his  late  Highnefs  had  made  very  confiderabte 

Preparations. 

'  As,  firft,  David?  that  fwect  Singer  of  Ifrael^  was 
net  more  fkilfull  to  he^et  Confort  in  Diicord,  and 
in  tuning  the  feveral  and  different  Strings  of  his  Harp 
to  a  melodious  Harmony,  than  his  late  Highnefs  was 
4extrous  and  wonderfully  fuccefsful  in  keeping  Love 
between  diflenting  Brethren,  and  preferving  a  Chri- 
ftian  Unity  in  a  Chriftian  and  warrantable  Variety  ; 
which  Thing  is  a  great  Preparation  towards  the 
building  of  that  Spiritual  Houfe,  whereof  we  fpoke. 

'  Another  g;reat  Preparative  was,  the  Care  he  con- 
ilantly  took,  that  godly  and  able  Preachers  and  Mi- 
jiifters  {hould  be  fent  forth  into  all  Parts  ;  and  before 
they  were  fent  out,  that  they  fnould  pafs  the  Tef]: 
and  Examination  of  prudent,  learned,  and  pious  Ap- 
provers. 

'  A  third  Preparative  was,  The  Care  heconftantiy 
took  of  the  Univerfities  and  Schools  of  good  Learn- 
ing, that  thofe  Fountains  might  always  be  kept 
clear;  and  that  from  thence  there  might  continu- 
ally iilue  a  pure  River  of  Water  of  Life,  as  clear  as 
Chryftal,  proceeding  from  the  Throne  of  God  and 
of  the  Lamb. 

'  A  fourth  Preparative  was,  The  putting  of  fuch 
Perfons  in  Places  of  Truft  and  Power,  who  would 
be  a  Countenance  to  godly  Men  and  Godlinefs,  and 
difcountenance  Atheifm  and  Profanenefs. 

*  And,  laftly,  As  to  the  outward  Court  of  God's 
Houfe,  the  Admimftration  of  Judgment  and  Juftice 
amongft  Men,  what  were  his  Defires  and  Endea- 
vours, and  what  his  Care,  from  Time  to  Time,  to 

fill 


Of   ENGLAND.      273 

fill  the  Benches  with  able  and  learned  Judges,  we 
all  know. 

'  All  thefe  Preparations,  and  many  more,  did  his 
Highnefs  make  for  this  Houfe ;  and  all  the  Mate- 
rials thereof  arc  fo  fitted  and  fquared  before-hand,  by 
the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice,  and  other  good 
Laws  made  by  the  late  Parliament,  that,  by  the 
HeJp  of  God,  there  will  be  no  Need  of  any  new 
Hammering,  nor  that  there  fhall  be  heard  the  Noife 
of  any  Hammer,  or  Axe,  much  lefs  of  Spear  or 
Sword,  or  any  Tool  of  Iron,  for  what  is  to  be  fur- 
ther done  in  the  building  of  this  Houfe. 

'  Such,  indeed,  that  look  upon  the  Petition  and 
Advice  with  a  partial  and  prejudicate  Eye ;  of,  as 
it  may  be  diflorted  on  the  one  Side  or  the  other  in 
the  Execution  thereof,  may  think  there  hath  not 
been  a  right  Meafure  taken  of  many  Things,  and 
that  there  is  great  Need  of  running  them  over 
again :  But  whofoever  {hall  well  weigh  the  fame,  and 
look  into  it  with  a  fingle  Eye,  will  find,  that  both 
our  Spiritual  and  CivifLiberties  have  been  fquared, 
ftated,  and  defined  therein,  with  a  great  deal  of  Care 
and  Exactnefs  ;  and  that,  according  to  the  true 
Nature  of  a  Definition,  it  is  neither  too  narrow, 
nor  too  broad  ;  neither  too  long,  nor  too  fhort : 
That  it  hath  not  taken  in  any  thing  that  fhould  have 
been  left  out,  nor  left  out  any  thing  that  is  eilential. 

'  I  fay  this,  as  to  the  main,  That  no  truly  Godly 
Men  need  to  fear  Perfecution,  nor  any  wilful  Sin- 
ners, of  any  Sort,  either  in  Faith  or  Practice,  hope 
for  Impunity  :  That  no  Freemen  need  fear  to  be 
made  Slaves,  nor  that  any  Men's  lawlefs  Liberty, 
under  Pretence  of  making  all  free,  fhould,  indeed, 
make  all  Men  Slaves  :  But  the  I/egiflative  and  Ex- 
ecutive Powers  are  fo  ftated  therein,  in  relation  to 
one  another,  and  to  their  own  Parts  within  them- 
felves,  that  neither  may  hinder,  but  each  Part  help, 
the  other ;  and  that  none  in  either  might  have  more 
or  lefs  Power  than  is  neceffary  for  the  Good  of  the 
whole  :  And  yet  is  there  ftill  behind  a  great  and  a 
glorious  Work,  in  the  Location  and  Compofure  of 

VOL.  XXI.  thefc 


2  74     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  thefe  Parts,  though  never  fo  well  fitted.     The  Ex- 
1658^        ecution  of  the  Law  is  the  Life,  the  Completion, 

U- "•PV"»'«J  the  Perfection  thereof. 

Januaiy.  c  rp,^  Application  of  Things  to  Perfons,  and  of 

Per'fons  to  Things  ;  and  the  right  jointing  and  ce- 
menting of  one  Part  to  the  other,  by  a  Spirit  of 
Love  within,  and  Eftablifhment  of  due  and  neccf- 
.  fary  Order  without,  will  make  this  Houfe  to  rife" 
up  into  a  ftrong,.  a  perfect,  and  a  beautiful  Structure 
and  Fabric  amongit  us  ;  to  which  much  of  Care, 
and  many  Proyifions,  will  be  necefFary.  What 
then  remains,  but  that  his  Highn'efs,  and  both 
Houfes  of  Parliament,  fhould  fet  about  this  noble 
Wqrk,  till  they  have  brought,  it  to  Perfection. 
That  as  it  is  frem  in  your  Memories,  and  as  you 
even  now  heard  from  that  Reverend  Perion  f,  who 
was  the  M.outh  of  God  unto  you,  Mercy  and  Truth 
may  meet  together,  and  Pence  and  Rigbieoiijnefs  kifr 
each  other;  that  Chriftian  Liberty  may  be'pie- 
ierved,  without  Unchriftian  Licentioufnefs ;  that 
Miniftry  and  Magiftracy  niay  be  maintained  and 
refined  ;  and  Learning  and  the  Schools  thereof  fo 
ordered,  that  they  may  continually  fupply  the 
fame,  and  not  be,  as  Abbies  and  Monaftetics  Ibrne- 
times  were,  either  Nurferies  of  Vice  and  Idlenefs, 
or  of.  Faction  and  Contention  ;  that  Godlinefs'  may 
be  fet  on  the  Throne,  and  Profanenefs  thrown 
out  on  the  Dunghill  ;  that  Law  and  Juftice  may 
be  executed  with  Equity  and  Mercy  ;  that  neither 
Craft  nor  Cruelty  may  take  Advantage  of  the 
Rigour  of  the  Law,  or  of  the  Hands  of  God,  to 
turn  Judgment  into  Wormwood,  and  Juftice  into 
Gall  :  That  Judgment  and  Juftice  may  run  down 
with  a  clear  and  fwift  Stream  ;  and  if  any  Rubbifh, 
Mud,  or  Weeds,  through  Length  of  Time,  be  got 
into  the  Channel,  it  may  be  cleared  by  fuch  careful 
Hands,  as,  in  fcouring  the  Channel,  will  take  Heed 
not  to  dig  down  the  Banks,  left  thereby  an  Inunda- 
tion of  Arbitrary  Power  and  Jurifdiclion  ihall  be 
let  in  upon  the  Nations. 

'In 

f  Dr.  Goodivin,  who  took  thefe  Words  for  hi;  Text  to  hii  Sermon 
preached  before  the  Parliament. 


Of    ENGLAND.       275 

e  In  the  laft  Place ;  that  which  I  fhal)  offer  to  inter-regmu 
your  Confidcration,  is,  That,  if  this  Government,  »658- 
when  it  firft  fprang  up  in  the  Hands  of  his  late  *— — v*"» • 
Highnefs,  out  of  thofe  dreadful  Confufions  which  January« 
had  covered  the  Face  of  thefe  Three  Nations,  was 
readily  embraced  by  them  as  a  choice  and  hopeful 
Plant,  tho'  as  yet  but  a  tender  one,  and  fuch  as 
had  but  newly  taken  to  the  Soil,  with  how  much 
more  Reafon  may  we  now  expect,  that  it  ihould 
be  enabled  to  encounter  the  foreft  Storms  and  Tem- 
pefts  that  may  arife  ?  Being  fbpported  partly  by  its 
own  proper  Firmnefs,  through  the  Good  will  and 
Liking  of  the  People,  out  of  the  Experience  they 
have  had  of  the  Benefit  they  have  received  from  it, 
and  the  Peace  and  Tranquility  they  have  enjoyed 
under  the  Shadow  thereof ;  and  partly  by  the  Ao 
ceffion  of  Parliamentary  Authority,  both  paft  and 
to  come,  which  it  cannot  but  much  expect  and 
rely  upon,  from  Time  to  Time,  and  at  all  Times, 
confidering  the  great  Obligations  that  their  Wif- 
dom  and  good  Affection  to  the  Welfare  of  thefe 
Nations,  and  the  Law,  by  their  Oaths,  and  other- 
wife,  hath  laid  upon  them  in  this  Behalf:  So  that 
it  being  fo  well  rooted  downwards,  and  fo  well 
grown  upwards,  though  poifibly  the  Boughs  and 
Branches  thereof  may  be  a  little  fliaken  fometimes, 
and  moved  one  while  this  Way,  and  another  while 
that  Way ;  yet  there  will  be  no  Danger  of  theTree's 
fallino;,  by  God's  Grace,  unlefs  we  have  fo  far  pro- 
voked his  Juftice  by  our  Ingratitude  in  general,  and 
in  particular  for  the  Mercy  we  have  and  may  ftill 
further  enjoy,  if  it  be  not  our  own  Faults,  under  this 
Government,  that  he  fhall  fuffer  a  Spirit  of  Divifion 
to  run  through  the  principal  Parts  thereof,  that  they 
fall  one  from  another ;  and  fe,  at  length,  fall  one 
upon  another;  and  fo,  at  laft,  fall  down  all  together, 
and  then  be  trodden  Under-foot,  and  that  on  all 
Hands,  and  on  every  Side;  and  with  them  the  Peace 
of  thefe  Nations  which  they  enjoy  at  home,  and  the 
Honour  and  Renown  which  they  have  gain'd  abroad, 
than  which  they  had  never  more  than  at  this  Day, 
both  far  and  near.  But  why  fpeak  I  of  the  Honour 
S  ?.  of 


276     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Interregnum,  of  Men;  when  as  the  Honour  of  God,  and  the  Safety 
1658.  antj  Profperity  of  his  Churches  and  People,  both  here 
^~v~**~*  and  throughout  all  Chriftendom,  doth  fix  much  de- 
pend upon  the  Peace  and  Confiftency  of  thefe  Nations 
at  this  Time,  as  in  Truth  they  do,  as  much,  if  not 
more,  than  on  all  the  Nations  in  the  World  befides. 
'  This  is  a  great  Word  which  I  have  faid,  but  it 
is  a  true  one;  and  if  the  prefent  State  and  Pofture  of 
Affairs  throughout  the  whole  Chriftian  World  be 
well  weighed  and  confidered,  it  will  be  found  that 
this  is  no  fwelling  Vaunt,  but  a  well-meafured 
Truth  :  And,  becaufe  it  is  fo,  no  doubt  the  grand 
Enemy  of  our  Peace,  becaufe  he  is  the  grand  Enemy 
of  God  and  his  Church,  will  be  very  bufy  at  this 
Time  with  all  his  Inftruments,  and  will  caft  many 
Mifts  before  our  Eyes.  He  is  a  Spirit  of  Darknefs, 
of  Error,  and  Miftakes,  that  he  may  become  a  Spirit 
of  Mifunderflanding  and  Divifion;  and  he  is  a  Spirit 
of  Divifion,  becaufe  he  delights  in  War  and  Blood- 
Ihed,  the  natural  Confequences  thereof,  for  he  was 
a  Murderer  from  the  Beginning:  But  we  are  not  ig- 
norant of  his  Arts  and  Wiles  ;  and  whatever  fair 
and  beautiful  Shapes  he  appears  in  at  the  firft,  yet,  if 
we  examine  him  to  the  Bottom,  from  Top  to  Toe, 
we  fhall  at  length  difcover  him  by  his  divided  and 
dividing  Foot  3  and  thence  take  Warning  to  avoid 
;him. 

*  We  have  alfo  a  wholefome  and  divine  Council 
to  preferve  us  from  falling  into  his  Snare;  that  is,  to 
hold  the  Unity  of  the  Spirit  in  the  Bond  of  Peace. 
What  is  that  Bond  of  Peace  ?  In  a  moral  Senfe,  it 
is  that  treble  Knot  of  true  Love  and  good  Under- 
Handing  between  his  Highnefs  and  the  two  Houfes 
of  Parliament.  In  a  politic  Confideration,  it  is  the 
Conftitution  of  our  Government,  whereby  we  have 
another  treble  Cord,  befides  that  of  the  Three  Nati- 
ons united  into  one  Commonwealth,  viz.  The  Con- 
ftitution of  their  Supreme  Legiflative  Power,  con- 
fifting  of  a  Single  Perfon  and  Two  Houfes  of  Parlia- 
ment ;  which  Cord,  while  it  is  kept  well  twifted  to- 
gether, will  -be  a  great  Strength  to  itfelf,  to  the  Na- 
tions, and  to  the  People  of  God,  in  thefe  and  all  our 

jieigh- 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       277 

neighbouring  Nations  round  about  us :  But  if  once  it  Inter-regnui 
begin  to  unravel,  and  the  two  Ends  fall  one  from  .Jf*!!^ 
another,  and  from  the  Middle,  all  will  run  to  Ruin :      jauuai> 
Therefore  be  very  careful  to  hold  fail  the  Bond,  and 
beware  of  all  iuch  as  (hall  be  picking  at  the  Knot, 
under  what  Colour  or  Pretence  foever  ;  yea,  though 
they  promife  never  fo  much,  and  undertake  to  bind 
it  up  as  faft,  and  in  a  better  Fafliion  than  it  was 
before.     This  tying  and  untying  of  the  Bond,  and 
continual  feeking  after  new-fafhioned  Knots,  hath 
put  thefe  Nations  to  much  Trouble,  and  into  more 
Danger. 

*  It  is  good  to  hold  what  we  have,  till  we  arc  fure 
to  meet  with  that  which  is  better ;  and,  of  all  fa- 
fhioned  Knots,  the  Nations  will  be  worft  fatisfied 
with  a  Bow-Knot,  a  Hiding,  a  Slip- Knot,  which 
will  be  always  faft  and  loofe ;  which  every  Touch, 
at  either  End,  will  dillblve,  and  leave  the  Nations 
always  at  Uncertainty,  always  in  Unfettlement:  But 
the  Knot  which  takes  in  both  Ends,  the  Top  and 
the  Bottom,  and  joins  them  faft  together,  and  to  the 
Middle,  with  a  treble  Knot;  and  wherein  each  Part 
helps  to  faftcn  the  other,  and  the  drawing  of  either 
End  draws  all  nearer  and  clofer  together ;  this  will 
make  a  faft  Knot ;  a  Knot,  by  God's  Bleffing,  like 
to  hold,  and  to  continue.  And,  furely,  were  there 
no  other  Confideration  but  this,  (give  me  Leave  to 
repeat  it,  though  I  have  faid  it  once  before)  this  alone 
were  tufficient  to  make  us  keep  clofe  together,  at 
this  Time,  becaufe  we  cannot  fall  in  Pieces  as  Things 
now  ftand  abroad,  but  the  whole  Proteftant  Inte- 
reft,  throughout  the  whole  World,  is  like  to  fall 
afunder  alfo  with  us. 

'  For  if  we  well  confider  how  the  Princes  and 
States  in  Germany,  both  the  Upper  and  the  Lower, 
and  in  the  Northern  Parts  of  Europe,  begin  to  ftate 
their  Intereft  otherwife,  and  to  take  a  different  Mea- 
fure  of  their  Confederacies  and  Alliances  than  for- 
merly they  have  done,  we  ftiall  find,  upon  the  Mat- 
ter, but  one  ftngle  Bar,  that  is  confiderable,  to  check 
the  growing  Power  of  the  Aujlrian  Family  in  thofe 
Parts  j  vvhereunto  it  cannot  long  make  Head,  with- 
S  3  out 


278     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  out  Support  and  Help  from  others ;  and  from  whence 
^  J.^J^j  only  any  that  is  considerable  can  be  expected,  \%  not 
January.      hard  to  judge. 

*  I  {hall  not  need  to  mind  you  of  that  which  more 
nearly  concemeth  you,  for  it  fo  nearly  concerns  you 
that  you  cannot  but  be  fenfible  of  it :  I  mean  the 
prefent  Condition  of  Affairs,  in  relation  to  the  Sound 
and  Baltic  Sea,  and  the  great  Forces,  both  by  Sea 
and  Land,  that  look  that  Way  :  And  how  far,  and 
how  foon,  this  may  bring  to  the  Stake  all  the  Ma- 
terials wherewith  your  Walls  muft  be  upheld,  (I  fay, 
your  beft  Walls,  and  the  beft  in  the  World,  though 
Wooden  ones)  I  leave  to  your  Confideration  ;  and 
how  critical  this  very  Spring  may  prove  to  the  faving 
or  lofing  of  your  Stake.  Only  this  I  (hall  fay,  fhould 
your  Wings  be  once  clipp'd  in  that  Kind,  when  you 
fhall  get  up  again  to  the  Pitch  where  now  you  are, 
none  but  he  only,  who  only  (and  that  too  in  an  ex- 
traordinary Way)  can  help  you  up  again,  he  only 
can  tell. 

'  On  the  other  Side  ;  for  the  other  Branch  of  the 
Houfe  of  Auftria,  which  fometimes  hath  been,  and 
may  foon  be  again,  the  Terror  and  Jealoufy  of  the 
whole  World,  you  know  what  Balance  it  only  hath, 
and  upon  what  ticklim  Terms  it  now  ftands  ;  and 
what  Friends  he  hath  made,  and  what  he  further 
hopes  to  make,  of  old  Enemies ;  and  what  Advan- 
tages he  hath,  and  ftill  further  hopes  to  make  of 
them;  not  only  to  your  Prejudice,  and  the  endan- 
gering of  your  Ruin,  but  of  thole  themfelves  alfo,  in 
the  end,  whofe  helping  Hands,  by  Inticements  of 
prefent  Advantages,   he  endeavours  to  draw  to  his 
Affiftance,  in  the  pulling  down  of  their  own  Out- 
works and  beft  Supports.     It  is  true  he  hath  fuf- 
fered  fome  Breaches,  and  received  fome  Wounds  pf 
late ;  but  how  foon,  by  the  help  of  that  vaft  Trea- 
fure  which  he  draws    continually  from  the  Indies^ 
if  he  may  bring  it  ftill  quietly  home,  he  may  repair 
thofe  Breaches,  and  heal  up  thofe  Wounds  again, 
who  doth  not  fee  ? 

*  Some  Things  are  fitter  for  your  Thoughts  than 
your  Ears;  therefore  this  I  (hall  only  fay  in  general, 

That 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       279 

That  the  Opportunities  which  you  -have  had,  and 
yet,  in  Part,  have,  to  put  your  Intereft,  and  that  of 
your  bcft  Friends,  in  feme  Meafure,  in  Safety,  nruy 
loon  be  loft,  if  they  be  not  already  upon  the  Wing, 
and  then  it  may  never  be  in  your  Power  to  recover 
them  again :  Therefore  his  Highnefs  maketh  no 
Quefiiou,  but  that  you  will  take  thefe  Things  into 
your  fpeedy  and  lerioui,  Conflderation;  and  that  you 
will  think  timely  of  the  Means  of  Defence  and  Of- 
fence iw  order  thereunto. 

*  The  late  Parliament,  having  engaged  'in  tbis 
War,  very  honourably  made  fome  conllderablePro- 
vifions  to  carry  on  the  fame  ;  1  /ay,  confiderable, 
with  refpcci  to  our  little  World.,  out  of  which  they 
were  to  be  ruifod  j  though  not  proportionable  to  that 
great  World,  and  thofe  vaft  Territories  and  Damu- 
nions,  whereof  our  Enemy. is  pofleiled,  anil  where  - 
upon  they  vaunt  themiclves  that  the  Sun  doth  never 
fet.  But  our  Comfort  alfo,  on  the  other  Side,  io, 
That  he  that  fs  our  Sun  doth  never  fet)  and  he  that 
is  our  Shield  will  never  fail  us. 

'  You  will  receive  a  particular  Account,  frqm 
thole  under  whofe  Survey  and  Care  thofe  Things, 
are,  of  the  State  of  the  Public  Revenue,  and  of  the 
Farces  both  by  Sea  and  Land;  your  inward  and 
outward  Walls,  under  God,  and  as  good  as  any  in 
the  World  :  But  as  all  Things  which  are  good-  arc 
aifo  coftly,  fo  can  it  not  be  expected  but  that  the 
Charge  of  them  fhould  be  great. 

'  His  Highnefs  hath  aflured  you,  That  the  Army 
(I  fpcak  of  the  Forces  both  by  Sea  and  Land  in  the 
Three  Nations)  is  a  good  and  faithful  Army,  and 
will  be  ready  to  engage  in  every  good  Thing  ami 
A&ion,  whereof  no  Man  either  ought,  or  need/JxT 
make  Qucftion.  His  Highnefs  hath  further  told  you, 
That  they  are  a  patient  Army ;  and,  when  you  feu. 
the  Account  of  their  Arrears,  that  will  \-c  °Mt  of. 
Queftion;  and,  without  all  Qucftion,  God  hath  ufed 
them  as  fmgular  Inftrumcnts  of  his  Honour,  and  of 
the. Honour  of  thefe  Nations  :  And  as  'England^  by 
God's  Mercy,  is  now  enlightned  in  the  Knowledge;' 
of  Truth,  it  would  well  near  venture  a  Starving 

(though: 


280     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnam.  (though,  God,  be  praifed,  that  is  not  its  Cafe)  than 
it  would  ftarve  fuch  an  Army  in  fuch  a  Caufe ; 
wherein  the  Honour  of  God,  and  of  the  Nation,  fhall 
be  concern'd.  This,  I  think,  I  may  adventure  to 
fay,  in  general,  That  our  Preparations  are  not  greater 
than  our  Neighbours,  tho'  our  Concern  is  every  way 
as  much,  or  more,  than  theirs  ;  neither  are  our  Debts 
greater  than  theirs,  though  we  have  had  more  Oc- 
cafion  of  Expence,  or  fuJl  as  much  every  way :  And 
if  our  Income  had  anfwered  the  Foot  of  Account, 
which  the  laft  Parliament  went  upon  in  their  in- 
tended Supplies,  we  had  not  increafed  much,  if  at 
all,  the  Debt  of  the  Commonwealth  ;  neither  had 
we  exceeded  our  Bounds,  or  not  fo  much,  by  God's 
Blefling  on  our  Defigns,  as  we  have  enlarged  its 
Bounds  and  Territories ;  and  that  alfo  fo  advan- 
tageoufly,  as  not  only  the  Danger  of  hoftile  Inva- 
iion  and  Trade-deftroying  Piracy  is  fet  at  a  further 
Diftance  from  us,  but  alfo  much  Honour  abroad, 
together  with  Safety  and  Advantage  at  home,  has 
thereby  accrued  unto  thefe  Nations. 

'  Before  I  conclude,  I  muft  again  reiterate  that 
which  runs  fo  much  in  my  Mind,  becaufe  it  lies  fo 
much  upon  my  Heart ;  that  upon  the  IfTue  of  your 
Councils,  and  the  Peace  and  Confiftency  of  thefe 
Nations  at  this  Time,  doth  very  much,  if  not 
wholly,  depend  the  Life  and  Breath  of  all  the 
Hopes,  of  all  the  Expectations,  of  the  Churches  of 
Cbrift  throughout  the  World.  Since  then  there  is 
fo  great  a  Truft  repofed  in  you,  fo  great  a  Price  put 
into  your  Hands,  lay  your  Hands  upon  your  Hearts, 
3nd  lift  your  Hearts  up  to  Heaven,  where  your 
Help,  where  our  Hope  lies. 

'  His  Highnefs  hath  fully  exprefled  his  high 
Efteem  of  Parliaments,  and  his  Judgment  of  them, 
that  they  are  the  moft  adequate  and  commenfurate 
Councils  to  Matters  of  fo  great  and  fo  high  Import- 
ance \  and  he  doth  as  firmly  refolve,  that  they  (hall 
enjoy  all  thofe  great  Freedoms  and  Privileges  which 
have  been  granted  unto  them,  in  order  to  thofe  great 
Ends  ;  and  his  Hope  and  Prayer  to  Almighty  God, 
is.  That  they  may  be  made  ufe  of  by  you  to  thofe. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       281 

great  and  blefled  Ends,  that  all  the  Three  Nations,  later- regn 
yea,  that  all  the  People  of  God,  every  where,  may 
rife  up,  ill  together,  and  blefs  you  ;  and  that  you        " 
may  be  blefled,  and  your  Names  be  a  Blefling  to 
this  and  all  fucceeding  Generations. 

*  This  is  all  that  I  have  in  Charge  from  his  High- 
nefs  to  fay  unto  you ;  faving  what  particularly  re- 
lates to  the  Members  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
That  they  fhould  repair  to  their  Houfe  to  chufe 
their  Speaker.' 

The  next  Day,  January  28,  began  with  appoint- Another  Seek, 
ing  a  Day  for  a  folemn  Humiliation  and  Seeking  of'ne°f  G 
God,  for  his  fpecia!  Afliftance  and  Blefling  upon  thet>0"lted* 
Endeavours   of  that  Houfe.     Dr.   Reynolds^    Mr. 
Manton^  Dr.  Owen,  and  Mr.  Calarny,  were  ordered 
to  aflift  in  carrying  on  the  Woik  of  Prayer  and 
Preaching. 

A  large  Committee  for  Privileges  and  Elections 
was  appointed,  with  the  ufual  Refolutions  of  the 
Houfe  for  their  Conduct.  Except  that,  in  all  Cafes 
where  there  are  double  Returns  for  one  Place,  no 
Perfon  or  Perfons  fo  returned  fhall  fit  in  the  Houfe, 
untill  it  be  firft  determined  concerning  the  faid  Re- 
turn, or  Election. 

Jan.  31.   On  this  Day  there  was  a  very  ftri&A  Call  of  the 
Call  of  the  Houfe,  and  all  Defaulters  marked  in  aHoufe- 
Book  for  that  Purpofe.     Some  Members,  chofe  for 
two  or  more  Places,  made  their  Eleclion  for  which 
they  would  ferve;  which  is  all  that  is  entered  for 
this  Day, 

February  i.  A  Bill,  intituled,  An  Aft  of  Recogni- 
tion of  his  Highnejs's  Right  and  Title  to  be  Proteftor 
and  Chief  Magijlrate  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Eng- 
land, Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and  the  Dominions  and 
Territories  thereunto  bclinging,  was  this  Day  read 
the  firft  Time,  and  ordeied  to  be  read  a  fecond 
Time  on  the  yth. 

This  Bill,  being  thought  of  the  utmoft  Confe- 
ciucnce,  met  with  great  Oppofition  at  this  Time ; 

it 


282     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  it  will  be  neceflary,  therefore,  before  we  proceed 

1658.       \yith  the  "Journals,  to  inquire  into  the  Hiftorians  of 

Fb"*ar        t^efe  Times,  to  find  what  they  have  left  us  about 

rvary*     it ;  for  upon  pafiing,  or  rejecting,  this  Bill,  turned 

all  the  Hinges  of  Richard's  Government. 

The  laft  quoted  Author,  who  was  a  moft  noted 
Republican,  is  extremely  circumftantial  and  exact, 
as  appears  by  Comparifon  with  the  Commons  Jour- 
nals, about  the  Debates  on  this  Bill ;  and  tells  us, 
'  That  on  the  ift  of  Februry  a  Bill  was  brought  in  by 
Mr.  Secretary  Tkurloe^  under  Pretence  only  of  ac- 
knowledging the  pretended  Prote&or,  but  under  fuch 
Terms  as  had  no  lefs  in  them  than  the  Admittance 
of  the  Chief  Magiftrate,  and  the  Perfons  then  fitting 
in  the  Other  Houfe,  unto  the  full  Power,  Privileges, 
and  Prerogative  of  the  antient  Kings  and  antient 
Houfe  of  Lprds,  which  the  Court  Party  defigncd 
to  have  carried  undifcovered,  and  fo  have  left  the 
Nation  either  to  have  fought  the  late  Quarrel  over 
again,  or  elfe  to  be  content  with  a  bad  Change  of 
Perfons,  where  there  was  none  of  Things. 

'  The  Bill  was  that  Day,  without  much  Diffi- 
culty, read  the  firft  Time  j  which  encouraged 
thofe  of  the  Long  Robe,  related  to  the  Single  Per- 
fon,  to  prefs  for  the  reading  of  it  again  the  fame 
Day ;  to  the  end  that,  it  being  the  next  Day  read 
the  third  Time,  as  they  defigned  it,  it  might  have 
patted  into  an  A£;  but,  in  Oppofition  to  that,  fome 
who  were  more  careful  of  the  Liberties  of  the 
People  than  thofe  of  the  Long  Robe  ordinarily  are, 
moved,  that,  according  tp  Rule  in  Cafes  of  fuch 
Weight,  it  might  be  referred  to  a  Grand  Committee 
of  the  whole  Houfe ;  and  when  that  would  not  be 
granted,  that  the  fecond  Reading  of  it  might  at  leaft 
be  put  off  for  fome  Days,  and  Liberty  given  to  the 
Members  to  take  Copies,  that,  considering  of  the 
Bufmefs,  they  might  be  the  more  fitting  for  the  De- 
bate j  which  was  at  length  yielded  unto,  and  the 
7th  of  February  appointed  for  the  fecond  Reading.' 

• 

Feb.  4.  This  being  the  Day  of  Humiliation,  it 
was  kept  by  both  Houfcs.  The  Preachers  had  the 

Thanks 


Of    ENGLAND.       283 

Thanks  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  ordered  them  for  Jnter-reenum. 
their  great  I'aiiij-taking  in  carrying  on  the  Work  of        l6>8' 
the  Day,  and  west-  deiircd  to  piint  their  Sermons.    *T7y^"'*J 
The  Mon-:y  collated  for  Charity,  at  this  Faft,  was  i» 

ordered  to  he  diuSibvr:cd  anr-r^,  th.-  Toor  of  the  two 
Pariih^s  of  Margaret's  r/fj}mlvjlcry  and  Martin's 
in  the  Fields. 

Some  Elections  being  next  adjufled,  the  Houfe, 
according  to  Order,  proceeded  on  the  Act  of  Re-  TheRccognition 
cognition;  and,  firft,  refolved,  That  the  Serjeant13111  debated' 
at  Arms  do  go  with  his  Mace  into  WejlminJ^cr-Hall^ 
and  fummon  all  thc'Membeis  to  give  their  Attend- 
ance, forthwith,  in  the  Houfe :  When  the  Bill,  iW 
tituled,  An  Afl  of  Recognition  of  his  Higlmcfis  'Title 
to  be  Protestor  and  Chief  Ma gijlr ate  'of  the  Common- 
wealth  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  and  the 
Dominions  and  Territories  thtreunto  belonging^  be  thia 
Day  read  the  fecond  Time.  Then  it  was  ordered, 
That  the  Debate  upon  this  Bill  be  adjourned  till 
To-morrow  Morning  at  Nine  of  the  Clock  j  to  be 
then  proceeded  in,  and  nothing  elfe  to  intervene. 

The  five  fucceeding  Days  were  wholly  taken  up 
in  debating  this  grand  Point  of  Government,  with- 
out coming  to  any  Conclufion  about  it :  And  on 
Monday  the  I4th  the  Bill  was  not  yet  fo  far  carried 
through,  as  to  come  to  a  Commitment.  We  fhall, 
therefore,  give  the  whole  of  this  Day's  Proceedings 
in  the  very  Words  of  the  'Journal;  and  then  confult 
the  Hiftorians  and  Memorialifts  of  thefc  Times,  for 
a  further  and  clearer  Explanation  of  it. 

Monday,  February  14,   1658. 
PRAYERS. 

4  The  Houfe,  according  to  the  Order  made  on 
Saturday^  took  into  Confederation  a  previous  Vote? 
upon  the  Matter  of  the  Debate  of  the  Houfe,  before 
the  Commitment  of  the  Bill,  intituled,  An  ,#?  pf 
Recognition* 

*  The  Qucflion  being  propounded,  That  it  be 
Part  of  this  Bill,  to  recognize  and  declare  his  High- 

nefs 


284     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  nefs  RICHARD  Lord  Protector,  to  be  the  un- 
1  **—  _f  dou^te^  kord  Pi"ote&or  and  Chief  Magiftrate  of  the 
F  "bruarv  Commonwealth  of  England^  Scotland^  and  Ireland^ 
and  the  Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  be- 
longing :  The  Queftion  was  put,  That  the  Word 
recognize  fliould  ftand  in  the  Queftion,  which  was 
carried  in  the  Affirmative  by  191  againft  168.  Then 
a  Motion  being  made,  That  the  Word  undoubted 
Ihould  ftand  in  the  Queftion,  it  pafled  in  the  Negative 
without  a  Divifion.  The  Queftion  then  being  pro- 
pounded, That  it  be  Part  of  this  Bill  to  recognize  and 
declare  his  Highnefs  Richard  Lord  Protector,  to  be 
Lord  Protector  and  Chief  Magiftrate  of  the  Com- 
monwealth of  England^  Scotland,  and  Ireland^  and 
the  Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  belonging; 
it  was  agreed  to  without  Oppofi tion ;  and  then  it  was 
farther  refolved,That,  before  this  Bill  be  committed, 
this  Houfe  do  declare  fuch  additional  Claufes  to  be 
Part  of  the  Bill,  as  may  bound  the  Power  of  the  Chief 
Magiftrate,  and  fully  fecure  the  Rights  and  Privi- 
leges of  Parliament,  and  the  Liberties  and  Rights 
of  the  People  ;  and  that  neither  this,  nor  any  other 
previous  Vote,  that  is  or  (hall  be  pafs'd,  in  order  to 
this  Bill,  ftiall  be  of  Force,  or  binding  to  the 
People,  untill  the  whole  Bill  be  pafs'd.' 

This  great  Conteft  about  Government  lay  be- 
tween the  Republican  Party  and  the  Court  Party,  as 
they  were  now  called  ;  who,  like  Men  of  the  fame 
Appellation  of  a  later  Date,  were  always  ready  to 
fupport  fuchMeafures  as  contributed  to  their  own  pri- 
vate Ends ;  and  Richard's  known Weaknefs  gave  them 
great  Hopes  of  much  Emolument  under  his  Reign. 

Mr.  Ludlow^  one  of  the  moft  zealous  Republi- 
cans that  was  now  alive  of  the  old  Stamp,  tells  us, 
*  That  he  was  elected  a  Member  of  this  Aflembly, 
or  Parliament ;  but  was  very  cautious  of  fitting  in 
it,  becaufe  he  would  not  take  the  Oath  prefcribed  at 
the  Beginning  of  the  Seflion.  However,  that  he 
and  fome  others,  having  got  that  Matter  over-ruled 
in  the  Houfe,  they  did  fit,  and  were  the  principal 
Opponents  to  the  Court  Party  in  this  Affair.' 

The 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       285 

The  fame  Memoriallft  goes  on  and  acquaints  us,  Inter-return. 
*  That  it  was  Mr.  Thurhe*  Secretary  to  the  late  and 
prefent  Protestor,  and  a  Member  of  that  Aflembly, 
who  prefented  the  Bill,  or  Declaration,  ready  drawn ; 
wherein  was  contained  an  Acknowledgment  of  the 
faid  Richard  Cromwell  to  be  Proteclor,  and  the  Pe- 
tition and  Advice  to  be  the  Rule  of  Government  for 
thefe  Nations  :  That  this  Action  was  erteemed  to 
be  a  great  Injury  to  this  Aflembly  by  all  impartial 
Menj  but  he  had  fufficient  Strength  in  the  Houfe  to 
carry  him  thro*  whatfoever  he  thought  fit  to  under- 
take, and  therefore  he  was  not  only  defended  in  what 
he  had  done,  but  was  refolved  that  the  Bill  fliould  be 
received  and  debated.'  But  hear  what  our  Author 
further  fpeaks  in  his  own  Words  :  * 

'  Hereupon  it  was  moved  that  the  Inflrument 
might  be  produced  ;  wherein,  according  to  the  Pe- 
tition and  Advice,  the  Succeflbr  ought  to  be  nomi- 
nated, and  the  Great  Seal  affix'd  j  but  they,  having 
no  fuch  Thing  to  (hew,  over- ruled  that  Motion, 
Not  being  able  to  obtain  this,  and  being  extreme!-, 
defirous  to  place  the  Militia  in  the  Parliament,  and 
to  make  void  any  Pretence  to  a  Negative  Voice  ia 
a  Single  Pcrfon,  as  well  as  to  do  fome  other  Things 
for  the  People's  Safety  and  Welfare,  the  Court 
Party  refufed  to  confent  to  any  thing  of  that  Naturp 
for  the  prefent,  craftily  infmuating  and  making  large 
Promifes,  that  fuch  Things  as  were  neceflary  (hould 
be  done  hereafter  at  a  more  convenient  Seafon.  Jn 
the  next  Place  it  was  defired,  that  faice  it  appeared 
the  prefent  Power  had  no  legal  Foundation,  and 
that  it  would  be  moft  fafe  for  the  Protector  to  derive 
his  Authority  from  a  right  Source,  the  Words  jrj 
the  Declaration  of  recognizing  him  might  be  alter'si 
for  agnizing  him  ;  that  fo  his  Right  might  appear 
to  be  founded  upon  the  Confent  of  the  People  reprr  - 
fented  in  this  Aflembly:  But  this  Proportion,  tin 
inforced  with  many  weighty  Reafons,  was  rejected, 
as  the  former  had  been,  tho'  it  was  thought  xronve- 
Jiient  to  divide  the  Houfe  upon  it. 

<  Upoa 
*  Mryiairt,  Vol.  II.  p.  624,  tt  f'j. 


286     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.       '  Upon  this  Succefs  the  Court,  prefuming  to  carry 
1658.        all  before  them,  grew  unmeafurably  infolent,  and 
*— -v— — '     all  that  could  be  done  was  only  to  lengthen  out  their 
February.      Debates,  and  to  hang  on  the"  Wheels  of  the  Cha- 
riot, that  they  might  net  be  able  to  drive  fo  furi- 
oufly.     By  this  Means  Time  was  gained  to  infufe 

food  Principles  into  divers  younu;  Gentlemen,  who 
efore  had  never  been  in  any  public  Affembly,  in 
hopes  that  though,  for  the  preiert,  their  previous 
.Engagements  (hould  carry  them  againft  us,  yet, 
upon  mature  Deliberation,  they  might  difcover 
where  their  true  Intereit  lay.  Neither  were  our 
Endeavours  without  Succefs  ;  for  having  frequently 
held  the  Houfe  nine  or  ten  Days  in  .Debate  before 
they  could  come  to  a  Queftion,  many  Gentlemen 
who  came  to  IVeJlminfter^  prepoftefied  in  Favour  of 
the  Court,  confeiTed  that  the  Reafoni.  of  the  Com- 
monwealth Party  were  fo  cogent,  that  they  were 
jiot  able  to  refift  them.  And  becauft  ail  Parties  had 
confederated  againft  us,  we,  in  order  to  Icilen  their 
Numbers,  impeached  divers  of  them  for  having 
been  of  the  King's  Party;  by  which  Means  we  pro- 
cured fome  of  them  to  be  expelled,  and  frighted 
away  fome  others,  who  knew  themfelves  to  be  in 
the  fame  Condition.  The  Court,  to  requite  us, 
brought  Mr.  Marvin  Touchet,  a  Papiit,  and  Brother 
to  the  Lord  of  Cajtlehavnn^  to  accuie  Mr.  Pillars^ 
who  had  voted  with  us,  of  ferving  in  the  King's 
Army  ;  and  though  it  appeared  that  he  was  forced 
fo  to  do  by  thofe  who  hud  the  Government  of  him, 
he  being  then  but  fixteen  Years  of  Age,  and  that 
he  came  into  the  Parliament's  Quarters  as  foon  as 
he  had  an  Opportunity ;  yet  all  that  could  be  faid 
proving  not  fufficient  to  excufe  him,  he  was  like- 
^yife  voted  out  from  the  Houfe.'  d 

Mr.  Wlnthcke  is  very  mort,  now,  in  his  Account 
of  every  Matter  that  occurs  to  the  End  of  his  Me- 
mortals.  He  had  been  complimented  by  Richard^ 
in  giving  him  the  Cuftody  of  the  Great  Seal,  along 

with 

d  Along  with  Mr.  Pillar t  were  expelled  Edtntmd  Jones,  Efq;  for 
tjie  County  of  fert(cn,  and  Join  G/aji'viile,  Serjeant  at  Law,  for 
St,  Germans,  Ctm,  Journ. 


Of    ENGLAND.       287 

with  Li/le  and  Fienncs  ;  and  the  greateft  Part  of  the  Inter-regnuna. 
Bufmefs  lying  upon  him,  as  he  tells  us,  allowed  him  *°- 
frriall  Leifure  to  attend  to  other  Matters.  His  Re- 
mark  on  thefe  Affairs  being  only  this,  «  February  8, 
The  Houfe  of  Commons  debated  the  Bill  of  Recog- 
nition of  his  Highnefs  to  be  Lord  Protector,  and 
fome  were  very  crofs  in  that  Bufmefs,  which  caufed 
Doubts  of  the  good  IfTue  of  this  Parliament :'  But 
ns  the  Narrative  of  this  Parliament,  before  quoted, 
is  more  open  and  clear  than  can  be  expected  from 
a  Perfon  concerned  in  every  evil  Machination  and 
Change  of  Government  fince  the  Diflblution  of  Mo- 
narchy to  this  Time,  we  fhall  give  this  alfo  in  its 
own  Words  : 

*  Upon  the  yth  of  February  being  the  Day  ap- 
pointed, the  Bill  for  recognizing  the  Protestor  was 
read  a  fecond  Time,  and  a  great  Debate  enfuecf. 
The  Petition  and  Advice  was  pleaded,  by  the 
Court  Party,  as  the  Foundation  of  big  Title,  but 
by  thofe  that  ftood  for  the  Commonv.Tulth  it  wais 
denied  to  be  a  Law ;  nnd  that  riot  only  from  th. 
Inconfiftency,  Lamenefs,  and  InfuiKcicricy  of  it,  but 
alfo  from  the  corrupt  Mann'er  of  if  Pr  ^curement , 
that  Aflembly  that  made  it  being 'no  Parliament,  but 
a  Faction,  in  that  the  Members  were  never  fuf- 
fered  to  meet,  but  fo  many  of  them  kept  out,  even 
by  him  who  called  them,  as  he  judged  would  hin- 
der the  Execution  of  his  Will ;  befides,  that  at  the 
Creation  of  that  Monfter,  there  were,  of  460  cftofen, 
but  104  in  the  Houfe  ;  whereof  51  'Were  afjninft  it, 
and  it  was  carried  mecrly  by  the  Strength  of  Scots  arii 
Irijh  Members,  who  had  no  Right  to  fit,  but  \\\ 
Ufurpers  in  the  making  Laws  for  England,  ft  teas 
further  (hewn,  that  if  Ceefar  Burgia,  Pope  Alexan- 
der VI.  and  Machiavely  had  all  laid  theirHeads  to- 
gether, they  could  not  have  framed  a  Thing  in 
deftru£tive  to  the  Liberties  6f  the  People,  and  for 
abfolute  Tyranny,  giving  away  all  that  our  Ancef- 
tors  had  fought  for  ever  lince  the  Conqueft,  than  the 
Petition  and  Advice  ;  as  the  Negative  Vote,  the 
Power  of  diflblving  Parliaments,  the  Purfe  of  the 
People,  and  in  tha$  ail  the  Security  they  had  for 

their 


288     *Tke  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnunj.  their  Rights  and  Liberties  ;  for  give  the  Single  Per- 
5  fon  your  Purle,  and  you  give  him  the  Militia;  and 
February  ^  ne  nave  l^at»  a^  Soundings  of  him  by  Laws  fig- 
nify  no  more  than  binding  of  a  Lion  with  Paper 
Chains.  But  the  Courtiers  being  refolved  of  no- 
thing lefs  than  a  Turki/h  Power,  would  fuffer  no 
Strength  of  Reafon  to  prevail  with  them,  to  the 
making  of  the  Petition  and  Advice  unauthentic,  but 
would  by  Force  have  it  allowed  for  a  good  Law; 
V/hich  provoked  the  demanding  the  Purfuance  of  that 
Law  to  be  proved,  and  that  the  Pretender's*  Defigna- 
tion  was  according  as  it  is  there  directed  ;  but  tho* 
this  was  prefied  by  divers  Perfons  of  cieat  Abilities, 
never  any  Anfwer  was  given  unto  it ;  thofe  of  that 
Party  knowing  that,  by  the  Strength  oi  their  Mem- 
bers, they  could  over-rule  the  Strength  of  Reafon : 
It  was,  from  fuch  Silence  in  the  Point  of  Defigna- 
tion,  argued,  that  if  Providence  had  prevented  the 
Ufurper  from  keeping  to  the  Rules  of  the  Petition 
and  Advice,  and  that  it  was  thereby  fallen  to  the 
Ground,  all  Government  was  reverted  to  its  Original, 
the  People ;  and  ought  by  them,  affembled  in  Par- 
liament, to  be  derived  whenever  it  fhould  be  fought ; 
which  would  readily  have  been  done  to  the  Gentle- 
man in  Pofleffion,  if  he  and  his  Party  would,  upon 
thofe  Terms,  have  accepted  of  it. 

'  This  Debate,  no  Man  fpeaking  twice  to  the 
Matter,  held  eight  Days,  in  which  Time  fuperla- 
tive  Excellency,  and  good  Affedtions  to  the  Public, 
appeared  in  feveral  Gentlemen ;  yet  the  beft  End 
they  could  bring  this  Debate  unto,  was  to  conclude 
with  the  two  following  Votes,  as  previous  to  the 
Commitment  of  the  Bill : 

Feb.  14.  Refolved,  as  before,  «  That  it  be  Part 
of  this  Bill  to  recognize  and  declare  his  Highnefs 
Richard  Lord  Protestor,  to  be  Lord  Protector  and 
Chief  Magiftrate  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England 'f 
Scotland^  and  Ireland^  and  the  Dominions  and  Ter- 
ritories thereunto  belonging.' 

«  Re- 

e  This  is  the  fi.-ft  Time  that  we  have  met  with  this  Titlt  for  King 
Charles  II,  t/hish  proves  it  t*  be  older  tbac  m«ft  may  thjipk, 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       289 

Refolved,  *  That,  before  this  Bill  be  committed,  inter-regnum. 
this  Houfe  do  declare  fuch  additional  CJaufes  to  be        l658- 
Part  of  this  Bill,  as  may  bound  the  Power  of  the    v-"-V""J 
Chief  Magiftrate,  and  fully  fecure  the  Rights  and 
Privileges  of  the  Parliament,  and  the  Liberties  and 
Rights  of  the  People  ;  and  that  neither  this  nor  any 
other  previous  Vote  that  is,  or  (hall  be,  parted,  in 
order  to  this  Bill,  is,  or  {hall  be,  of  Force,  or  bind- 
ing, unto  the  People,  untill  the  whole  Bill  be  pafs'd.' 

*  This  laft  previous  Vote  parted  the  Houfe  with- 
out one  Negative  more  than  the  Secretary;    but 
when  the  Courtiers  knew  the  Senfe  of  JWitehall 
upon  it,  from  that  Time  forward  they  owned  them- 
felves  fuch  flavim  Executioners  of  a  Pretender's  Will 
and  Luft,  that  they  never  appeared  in  the  leaft  for 
the  making  good  one  Word  of  it. 

*  During  this  Debate,  feveral  Complaints  were 
made,  reflecting  upon  the  Court's  Defigns,  as  that 
the  Affixes  (without  Precedent,  upon  no  greater  Oc- 
caiion)  were  put  off,  to  the  common  Wrong  of  the 
whole  Nation ;  defiring,  therefore,  that,  to  the  end 
that  the  People  might  receive  no  Prejudice  by  the 
Sitting  of  Parliament,   nor  have  Caufe  to  be  out 
of  Love  with  Parliaments,  the  Protector  might  be 
moved  to  command  the  carrying  on  of  the  Affixes ; 
but  the  Courtiers  being  refolved  not  to  lofe  fo  con- 
fiderable  a  Part  of  their  Strength  as  the  Lawyers, 
they  would  have  the  whole  Nation  to  fufifer  in  the 
Want  cf  Juftice,  rather  than  they  would  Want  one 
of  their  Members. 

*  That  Whitehall  had  wrote  eighty  Letters  for  the 
making  Members  of  Parliament,  moft  of  which  had 
their  Effea  :  That  Mr.  Howard,  a  Papift,  and  Bro- 
ther to  the  Earl  of  Antndel^  boafted  that,  at  the  In- 
ftance  of  the  Protector  and  Secretaiy,  he  had  fent  24 
Members  to  Parliament :  That  feveral  Tables  were 
kept  at  Whitehall^  at  the  vaft  Charge  of  the  Public, 
on  purpofe  to  corrupt  and  deboift  Members  by  great 
Entertainments ;  all  which  was  acknowledged  to  be 
againft  the  Orders  of  the  Houfe,  and  particularly  for 
any  Members,  not  menial  Servants,  to  go  to  Wl. 
£ff//during  the  Sittine  of  thcParliame: 

VOL,  XXI.  T  To 


290     The  Parliamentary  HISTCXRY 

Inter-regnum.  To  proceed  with  the  "Journals. 

—  —  i  The  Houfe  continued  to  debate  the  additional 
Claufes  to  the  Recognition  Bill  for  fome  Days  more, 
without  coming  to  a  Commitment  of  it.  In  the  In- 
terim, this  Day,  Feb.  17,  the  Houfe  had  all  the 
public  Accounts  of  the  National  Receipts  and  Debts 
laid  before  them  from  the  feveral  Offices,  and  ordered 
thefe  Accounts  and  Papers  to  be  audited  by  a  Com- 
mittee of  twelve  Members. 

We  have  yet  met  with  no  Mention  of  the  Other 
Houfe,  in  the  'Journals  of  the  Commons,  till  this 
Day,  Feb.  18,  when  a  Queftion  was  propofed  in 
that  Houfe,  That  they  fhould  proceed  to  determine 
the  Power  of  the  Negative  Voice,  in  the  Chief 
Magiftrate,  in  the  paffing  of  Laws,  before  the  Con- 
ftitution  of  the  Parliament,  as  to  two  Houfes,  be 
firft  refolved  on.  On  this  Queftion  the  Houfe 
divided,  when  the  Numbers  were  found  to  be  86 
Yeas,  and  217  Noes;  whereupon  it  was  refolved, 
That  the  Houfe  do  take  into  Confideration  the 
Conftitution  of  the  Parliament  as  to  two  Houfes, 
the  firft  Bufinefs  the  next  Morning,  and  nothing 
elfe  to  intervene. 

Accordingly  this  Day,  Feb.  19,  the  Houfe  went 
upon  that  Affair ;  and,  after  much  Debate,  they 
came  to  two  Refolutions :  i.  That  it  fhall  be  Part 
of  this  Bill  to  declare  the  Parliament  to  confift  of 
two  Houfes.  2.  That  the  Bounds  and  Power  of 
another  Houfe,  in  relation  to  the  former  Vote,  (hall 
be  taken  into  Confideration,  the  firft  Bufinefs,  on 
the  22d  Inftant. 

Feb.  21.  According  to  an  Order  of  this  Houfe, 
Mr.  Secretary  Thurloe  made  a  Narrative,  and  gave 
the  Houfe  an  Account  of  the  State  of  the  War,  and 
of  the  Affairs  of  the  Kings  of  Sweden  and  Denmark, 
in  relation  to  the  Baltic  Sea  and  to  the  Command 
of  the  Sound;  and  how  far,  and  in  what  Manner, 
as  well  his  late  Highnefs  the  Lord  Protector,  de- 
ceafed,  and  alfo  his  now  Highnefs  the  Lord  Pro- 
tector, 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       291 

tedtor,  had  feverally  intercfted  thcmfelvcs  in  their 
refpeclive  Differences  by  way  of  Mediation.  He 
farther  gave  the  Houfe  an  Account  of  the  Shipping 
and  Forces  of  the  States  General  of  the  United  Pro-  February- 
vinces,  now  in  the  Sound \  and  what  further  Prepa- 
rations, as  is  informed,  they  are  now  making:  And 
that  his  now  Highnefs,  and  his  Council,  had  di- 
rected fuch  Shipping  and  Forces  to  be  prepared  here, 
as,  he  apprehends,  may  be  for  the  Security  of  this 
Commonwealth,  in  thefe  Times  of  fo  great  Action.' 

The  next  Day,  Feb.  22,  the  Houfe  went  into  a 
Debate,  according  to  Order,  of  the  Bounds  and 
Power  of  another  Houfe,  and  continued  in  it  all  that 
Day,  without  coming  to  any  other  Refolution,  than 
to  order  the  Debate  to  be  adjourned  to  the  24th. 

Feb.  23.  A  Petition  having  been  prefented  to  the 
Houfe,  two  Days  before,  from  George  Duke  of 
Buckingham^  then  Prifoner  in  Windfor-Callle^  pray- 
ing an  Enlargement;  and,  this  Day,  the  Houfe  be- 
ing informed  that,  in  purfuance  of  the  Order  of  this 
Houfe  of  Monday  laft,  the  Duke  of  Buckingham 
attended,  to  make  his  Engagement  to  this  Houfe ; 
he  was  called  in,  and  was  brought  to  the  Bar  by 
the  Serjeant  at  Arms,  (landing  by  him  without  the 
Bar;  and  by  his  Keeper,  a  Servant  to  the  Governor 
of  IVindfcr-Caftle,  coming  with  him  into  the  Houfe. 

4  Mr.  Speaker  acquainted  the  Duke,  That  a  Peti- 
tion having  been  delivered  from  him  to  this  Houfe  on 
Monday  laft,  by  aPerfon  of  Honour,  one  of  the  Mem- 
bers thereof,  and  nearly  related  to  him  j  the  Houfe 
had  taken  into  a  due  Confideration  the  Duke's  De- 
meritSy  which  had  been  very  great  to  this  Common- 
wealth ;  but  had  over  balanced  them  with  the  high 
Merit  of  his  Relations ;  and,  of  their  Goodnefs, 
had  ordered,  That,  upon  his  own  Engagement  upoi: 
his  Honour,  and  of  the  Lord  Fairfax  in  2O,ooo/. 
that  he  mould  not  abet  any  the  Enemies  of  this 
Commonwealth,  either  at  home  or  abroad ,  he 
(hould  have  his  Enlargement  j  which  Engagement 
they  now  expected  from  him. 

T    >  -  The 


292     The  Parti  amc?itary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  4  The  Duke,  ftanding  at  the  Bar,  faid,  He  ac- 
counted  it  his  great  Happinefs  to  come  before  this 
Aflembly ;  and  that,  in  purfuance,  and  according 
to  the  Order  of  this  Houfe,  he  did  now  here  engage 
himfelf  to  this  Houfe,  upon  his  Honour,  to  demean 
himfelf  peaceably  and  quietly,  and  not  to  join  with, 
or  abet,  or  have  any  Correfpondence  with,  any  the 
Enemies  of  this  Commonwealth,  either  at  home  or 
abroad,  for  the  future:  And,  further,  gave  the 
Houfe  his  moft  humble  Thanks  for  their  high  Fa- 
vour towards  him ;  and  profeffed,  he  fhould  be 
ready  to  lay  down  his  Life  and  Fortune  for  their 
Service. 

'  After  the  Duke's  Engagement,  made  as  before, 
he  was  commanded  to  withdraw  j  and  withdrew 
accordingly. 

«  Refolved,  &c.  That  George  Duke  of  Bucking- 
ham^ upon  this  his  Engagement  upon  his  Honour, 
made  to  this  Houfe  this  Day  at  the  Bar,  be  forth- 
with freed  and  difcharged  from  the  Imprifonment 
and  Reftraint  he  is  now  under.' 

The  Debate  on  Secretary  Tbur/oe's  Report,  on 
the  State  of  foreign  Affairs,  was  entered  into,  and 
this  Refolution  made  upon  it,  *  That  a  very  confi- 
derable  Navy  be  forthwith  provided  and  put  to  Sea, 
for  the  Safety  of  this  Commonwealth,  and  the  Pre- 
fervation  of  the  Trade  and  Commerce  thereof.' 
The  further  Debate  of  this  adjourned  to  the  next 
Morning. 

The  next  Day,  Feb.  24,  it  was  again  entered 
into,  but  referred  to  the  Afternoon  of  the  fame  Day; 
when,  after  aDivifion  of  177  againft  119,  Whether 
Candles  or  no  Candles  I  the  main  Queftion  was 
put,  after  another  Divifion  of  176  againft  98,  and 
carried,  That  it  be  referred  to  his  Highnefs  the 
Lord  Protector  to  put  the  Vote  of  this  Houfe,  con- 
cerning the  preparing  and  putting  to  Sea  a  confider- 
able  Navy,  for  the  Safety  of  this  Commonwealth, 
and  the  Prefervation  of  the  Trade  and  Commerce 
thereof,  in  Execution ;  faying  the  Jntereft  of  this 

Houfe 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       293 

Houfe  in  the  Militia,  and  in  making  Peace  and  Interregnum. 
War.    Ordered,  alfo,  4  That  Mr.  Secretary  Thurloe 
be  defired  to  carry  this  Vote  to  his  Highnefs.' 

The  two  lafl  Days  of  this  Month  were  again 
employed  in  debating  the  Power  and  Bounds  of  the 
Other  Houfe,  without  coming  to  any  Refolution,  hut 
to  adjourn  it  to  the  Day  following;  and  there  being 
nothing  elfe  to  be  met  with  in  the  Journals,  (except 
we  mention  that  the  Houfe  releafed  two  Prifoners, 
Mr.  Robert  Overton  and  Mr.Jo/mPortfmany  com- 
mitted by  the  late  Prote&or,  one  to  the  Ifland  of 
"Jerfey,  and  the  other  to  the  Tower,  and  voted  their 
Imprifonments  illegal  and  unjuft)  we  fliall  conclude 
the  Affairs  of  this  Month. 

March  i.  The  Bufmefs  relating  to  the  Other 
Houfe  was  again  entered  into;  and,  after  fomc 
Time  fpent  therein,  a  Queftion  was  propounded, 
Whether  it  (hould  be  the  Matter  of  Debate  on  the 
next  Morning,  that  this  Houfe  will  tranfa£t  with 
the  Perfons  now  fitting  in  the  Other  Houfe,  as  an 
Houfe  of  Parliament?  the  Houfe  divided,  and  it 
was  carried  in  the  Affirmative,  by  177  againft  113. 

The  Houfe  continued  in  this  Debate  every  Day 
they  fat,  to  the  8th  Inftant  j  when  a  further  Que- 
ftion was  propofed,  by  way  of  Addition  to  the  other, 
viz.  '  And  that  it  is  not  hereby  intended  to  exclude 
fuch  Peers  as  have  been  faithful  to  the -Parliament, 
from  their  Privilege  of  being  duly  fummoned  to  be 
Members  of  that  Houfe;'  another  Divifionhappen'd 
on  this,  and  was  carried,  affirmatively,  by  195 
againft  188  j  the  greateft  Number,  and  the  neareit 
Divifion,  we  have  yet  met  with  in  this  Parliament.. 

Immediately  after  Prayers  the  next  Day,  March  9, 
Mr.  Speaker,  being  in  the  Chair,  and  very  much 
indifpofed  in  his  Health,  acquainted  the  Houfe, 
That  he  came  to  the  Chair  with  a  great  Defire  to 
ferve  the  Houfe ;  but  their  Sittings  had  been  fo 
extraordinary,  and  their  Bufmefs  fuch,  and  fo 
T  3  requiring 


294     ttff  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Interregnum,  requiring  it,  that  he  was  utterly  difabled  to  ferve 
1658.        them,  as  he  would,  for  the  prefent :  That  it  was  a 

C^'--vp~  *J  great  Grief  of  Mind  to  him  to  retard  the  Public 
Ma;c  .  Bufinefs,  though  but  for  one  Half  Hour,  or  more, 
as  it  had  been  this  Morning :  That  he  found  him- 
felf  grow  weaker  and  weaker,  and  therefore  humbly 
prayed  he  might  be  totally  difcharged  ;  or  otherwife 
that  he  might  have  fo  much  Refpite,  at  lead,  granted 
to  him,  as  that,  by  the  Bleffing  of  God,  he  might 
recover  fome  better  Meafure  of  Health,  and  be 
enabled  to  return  again  to  their  Service :  Where- 
upon, by  the  Leave  of  the  Houfe,  he  left  the 
Chair,  and  went  home  to  his  own  Houfe ;  and  the 
,  Serjeant  attended  him,  with  the  Mace,  out  of  the 

Houfe,  to  his  Coach ;  and  afterwards  brought  the 
Mace  back,  and  placed  it  below,  under  the  Table, 
The  Members  of  the  Houfe,  fitting  in  their 
Places,  confidering  of  appointing  another  of  their 
Members  to  take  the  Chair,  and  fupply  the  Speaker's 
Place  during  his  Abfence,  by  reafon  of  his  Indifpo- 
fition  of  Health ;  and  Sir  LiJIebone  Long,  Knt. 
Recorder  of  London,  being  firft  named,  by  the 
general  Confent  of  the  Houfe  was  called,  and 
brought  to  the  Chair  by  Sir  Walter  St.  John  and 
Mr.  Francis  Gerard-,  and  being  there  placed,  and 
let  in  the  Chair,  and  the  Mace  placed  on  the  Table 
by  the  Serjeant,  as  is  ufual,  it  was  ordered,  *  That, 
in  refpect  of  Mr.  Speaker's  prefent  Indifpofition  of 
Body,  and  at  his  earneft  Requeft,  Sir  Lijlelone  Long 
be  defired  to  fupply  the  Speaker's  Place  during  his 
Abfence,  occafioned  by  his  prefent  Indifpofition  of 
Health,  and  no  longer.' 

In  the  Interval  of  the  other  Debate,  another  Caufe 
came  on  to  be  tried,  concerning  the  Sitting  of  the 
Members,  return'd  for  Scotland,  in  the  Houfe.  It  was 
begun  on  this  Day,  March  10,  and  continued  to  the 
2 1 ft,  without  coming  to  any  conclufive  Refolution, 
or  any  Divifion,  except  one  or  two  about  Candles  or 
no  Candles ;  but,  on  the  Day  laft  mentioned,  a  Que  - 
(lion  was  propofed,  That  the  Members,  return'd  to 
ferve  for  Scotland,  fhould  continue  to  fit  as  Members 

duringr 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      295 

during  the  prefent  Parliament;  and  the  Queftion  Inter-rcgnum. 
being  put,  That  this  Queftion  be  now  put,  the  ^^ 

Houle  divided,  and  it  was  carried  in  the  Affirmative,       Mitch 
2ii  againft  120 ;  fo,  the  main  Queftion  being  put, 
the  Houfe  divided  again ;  but  the  Yeas,  going  forth, 

i    r  11       VT  •  The  Scots  Mciti- 

appeared  fo  numerous,  that  the  Noes  gave  it  up,  bcrs  vote(j  to  fa 
and  the  Scots  were  allowed  to  fit  and  vote  duringia  the  Houfe, 
this  prefent  Parliament. 

But,  whilft  this  Affair  was  debating  in  the  Houfe, 
two  Things  happened  befide  worth  Notice ;  the 
tirft  was,  That  their  Speaker,  Mr.  Chute,  continu- 
ing ftill  fo  indifpofed  that  he  was  unable  to  ferve, 
the  Houfe  fent  a  Deputation  a  of  their  Members  to 
viflt  him  ;  which,  Mr.  IVhitlocke  fays,  was  a  very 

¥eat  Honour  to  him.  The  Anfwer  return'd  was, 
hat  Mr.  Chute  was  ftill  fo  infirm,  that  he  could 
not  attend  the  Serving  of  the  Houfe  ;  and  Sir  Lijle- 
bone  Long  b,  who  was  chofen  to  execute  the  Office 
for  him,  being  actually  dead,  the  Houfe  was  obliged 
to  go  to  another  Election,  when  Thomai  Bampfield, 
Efq;  was  unanimoufly  agreed  upon  to  fucceed  him; 
and  Chaliner  Chute^  Efq;  dying  alfo  foon  after,  the 
other  continued  Speaker  to  the  End  of  this  Parlia- 
ment. 

We  have  before  (lightly  mentioned  the  Releafe- 
ment  of  Mr.  Robert  Overton^  committed  Prifoner 
to  the  Ifland  of  Jerfey,  by  Warrant  from  the  late 
Lord  Protector :  But  the  Houfe  did  not  only  vote 
his  Difcharge,  but  ordered  him  to  be  brought  up 
from  thence  to  their  Bar,  and  the  Deputy  Governor 
with  him.  Accordingly,  on  the  i6th  Inftant,  they 
both  appeared  before  the  Houfe  ;  when  the  Speaker 
afked  him  by  what  Authority  he  detained  Major- 
General  Ovcrton  his  Prifoner  ?  He  anfwered,  It  was 
by  Warrant  from  his  late  Highnefs.  Being  com- 
manded to  produce  the  Warrant,  he  did  fo,  and  it 
was  delivered  to  the  Speaker.  Then  the  Major- 
General  being  afked  if  he  had  any  thing  to  fay  con- 
cerning his  Imprifonment,  anfwered,  '  That  he  did 

acknowledge; 

a  The  Lord  Fairfax,  Slr.Jnttorj  Ajhlcy  Cooftr,  Dr.  Batburft, 
and  Mr.  Wea-vtr. 

i>  Mr.  fVbithcke  call*  this  Man  a  very  fober  difcreet  Gentleman^ 
and  a  good  Lawyer, 


296     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  acknowledge  it  the  great  Mercy  of  God,  that,  after 
l659«     t  four  Years  Imprifonment,  he  was  now  brought  to 

*•— "M~*7  this  Bar  :  That,  as  he  had  been  in  a  fuffering  Con- 
dition for  four  Years,  fo  he  defired  to  be  paflive  ftill : 
And  that,  when  any  Charge  (hall  be  brought  in 
againft  him,  he  hopes  he  fball  give  fuch  Anfwer  to 
it  as  fhall  fatisfy,  and  clear  him  from  any  former 
Miftakes  and  Mifapprehenfions  concerning  him  : 
That  he  hoped  he  had  not  done  any  thing  contrary 
to  what  he  had  at  firft  engaged  and  fought  for : 
That  he  defires  not  to  live  or  die,  but  by  the  diftri- 
butive  Juftice  of  this  Houfe :  And  tho'  he  knows 
nothing  by  himfelf,  and  that  he  hopes  he  hath  done 
nothing  worthy  of  Death,  or  of  Bonds,  yet  he  will 
not  juftify  himfelf ;  but  moft  humbly  leaves  himfelf, 
his  Caufe,  and  his  Condition,  to  this  Houfe.'  And 
then,  by  the  Command  of  the  Houfe,  the  Deputy- 
Governor  and  Major- General  Overton  withdrew  > 
the  Houfe  ordering  him  to  be  difcharged  without 
paying  any  Fees. 

We  chofe  to  give  this  whole  Affair,  at  Length,, 
from  the  Authority  of  the  Journals,  to  fhew  the 
arbitrary  Proceedings  of  the  late  upftart  Tyrant, 
over  thofe  that  he  but  barely  fufpe&ed  to  have  any  ill 
Defign  againft  him. 

March  23.  The  Houfe  was  now  emplqyed,  for 
two  or  three  Days,  in  hearing  Reports  from  their 
Committee,  and  regulating  of  Elections.  The  next 
Thing  they  went  upon  was  to  try  the  Merits  of  the 
As  arc  the/7//^./r/^>,  in  regard  to  the  Ria;ht  to  fit  in  the  Houfe: 
But  this  was  ended  the  very  Day  it  was  begun ;  for, 
after  fome  Debate,  the  Queftion  being  called  for, 
it  was  carried  for  their  Sitting,  156  againft  106. 

This  Day,  March  28,  the  Houfe  refumed  the 
Debate  on  the  Queftion  of  tran fading  with  the  Per- 
fons  now  fitting  in  the  Other  Houfe,  and  the  Addi- 
tions to  that  Queftion.  This  Debate  lafted  the 
whole  Day,  and  two  Divifions  of  the  Houfe  were 
made  before  the  main  Queftion  was  put ;  one  was, 
That,  after  the  Word  Parliament,  thefe  Words, 

when 


Of    ENGLAND.       297 

tvhen  they  /hall  be  approved  by  this  Houfe >  might  be  Inter-regnumf 
added;  which  was  carried  negatively,   183  to  146.  .     j_5^  ^ 
Another  Queftion  was  to  alter  the  Word  approved  ^M«ch. 
to  bounden ;  but  this  went  alib  in  the  Negative,  with- 
out a  Divifion.     Then  the  Houfe  being  informed 
that  divers  of  the   Members,    who  had  attended 
the  Debate  on  the  main  Queftion,  were   in  the 
Speaker's  Chamber,  the  Serjeant  was  commanded 
to  call  them  down ;  and  a  Queftion  was  put,  To 
adjourn  the  Debate  for  an  Hour;  which,  on  another 
Divifion,  169  againft  89,  was  rejected.     After  this 
one  more  Queftion  was  put,  which  was,  That, 
after  the  Word  Parliament  in  the  main  Queftion, 
during  this  prefent  Parliament  ftiould  be  added,  it 
went  in  the  Affirmative.     Then  the  main  Queftion  The  Bill  for 
being  at  laft  put,  the  Houfe  divided  upon  it;  when tranfafting Ba- 
it was  carried  for  the  Queftion,   198  to  125  :  So  itj.n«ft  "ith  th« 
was  refolved,  ^Y.  <  That  this  Houfe  will  tranfaa" 
•with  the  Perfons  now  fitting  in  the  Other  Houfe, 
as  an  Houfe  of  Parliament,  during  this  prefent  Par- 
liament j   and    that  it  is  not  hereby  intended  to 
exclude  fuch  Peers,  as  have  been  faithful  to  the 
Parliament,    from    their   Privilege   of  being  duly 
fummoned  to  be  Members  of  that  Houfe.' 

But  before  we  difmifs  this  Affair,  in  which  the 
true  Republican  Party  were  the  greateft  Sticklers 
againft  recognizing  the  Other  Houfe,  we  think  it 
not  amifs  to  give  our  Readers  a  Speech,  faid  to  be 
ipoken  on  the  fame  Occafion.  We  do  not  warrant 
the  Authenticknefs  of  it,  for  we  think  it  too  bold 
for  the  Time;  but  that  it  is  as  old,  is  clear  from  all 
Appearances.  We  fhall  therefore  give  it  a  Place 
here,  without  any  further  Ceremony.  c 

Mr.  Speaker, 
'  rTlHIS  Day's  Debate  is  but  too  clear  a  Proof  A  Speech  againft 

1  that  we  Rnzlijhmen  are  right  Wanders,  va-  t 
riable  and  mutable  like  the  Air  we  live  in  :  For,  Sir, 
if  that  were  not  our  Temper,  we  (hould  not  be  now 

difputing, 

c  The  Title  of  this  Pamphlet,  is,  A  feafonable  Speech,  made  by  a 
•worthy  Member  of  P&rliament  in  the  Houfe  of  Ctmmstit,  nr.cermng 
•the  Other  Hovf;,  March  1659. 


298       The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

tnter-regnum.  difputing,  whether,  after  all  thofe  Hazards  we  have 
™n,  that  Blood  we  have  fpilt,  that  Treafnre  we  have 
exhaufted,  we  mould  not  now  fit  down  juft  where 
we  did  begin  >  and,  of  our  own  Accords,  fubmit  our- 
felves  to  that  Slavery,  which  we  have  not  only  ven- 
tured our  Eftates  and  Lives,  but,  I  wifh  I  could  not 
fay,  our  Souls  and  Confciences,  to  throw  off.  What 
others,  Sir,  think  of  this  Levity,  I  cannot  tell ;  I 
mean  thofe  that  fleer  their  Confciences  by  Occafions, 
and  cannot  lofe  the  Honour  they  never  had  :  But, 
truly,  Sir,  for  my  own  Part,  I  dare  as  little  not  declare 
it  to  be  my  Opinion,  as  others,  more  prudential,  dare 
avow  it  to  be  theirs,  that  we  are  this  Day  making 
good  all  the  Reproaches  of  our  Enemies,  owning  of 
ourfelves  Oppreflbrs,  Murderers,  Regicides,  Sub- 
verters  of  that  which  now  we  do  not  only  acknow- 
ledge to  have  been  a  lawful  Government;  but,  by 
recalling  it,  confefs  it  now  to  be  the  beft  :  Which, 
Sir,  if  it  be  true,  and  that  we  now  begin  to  fee  aright, 
I  heartily  wifh  our  Eyes  had  been  fooner  open ;  and, 
for  Three  Nations  Sake,  that  we  had  purchafed  our 
Conviction  at  a  cheaper  Rate.  We  might,  Sir,  in 
1642,  have  been  what  we  thus  contend  to  be  in 
1659;  anc^  our  Confciences  have  had  much  lefs  to 
anfwer  for  to  God,  and  our  Reputations  to  the 
World. 

'  But,  Mr.  Speaker,  I  wifh,  with  all  my  Soul,  I 
did  ftate  our  Cafe  to  you  amifs ;  and  that  it  were 
the  Queftion  only,  Whether  we  would  voluntarily 
relapfe  into  the  Difeafe  we  were  formerly  poffefied 
with,  and,  of  our  own  Accords,  take  up  our  old 
Yoke,  that  we,  with  Wearing  and  Cuftom,  had 
made  habitual  and  eafy  >  and  which,  it  may  be,  it 
was  more  our  Wantonnefs  than  our  PrefTure,  that 
made  us  throw  off.  But  this,  Sir,  is  not  now  the 
Queftion ;  that  which  we  deliberate,  is  not,  Whe- 
ther we  will  fay  we  do  not  care  to  be  free,  we  like 
our  old  Matters,  and  will  now  be  content  to  have 
our  Ears  bored  at  the  Door-Pofts  of  their  Houfe, 
and  fo  ferve  them  for  ever :  But,  Sir,  as  if  we  were 
contending  for  Shame  as  well  as  Servitude,  we  are 

carryir. 


Of   ENGLAND.       299 

carrying  our  Ears  to  be  bored  at  the  Doors  of  ano-  Inter-r«gnum. 
ther  Houfc ;  u  Houfc,  Sir,  without  Name,  and  there-         l65j? 
tore  it  is  but  congruous  it  fliould  coniift  of  Members  *""»?*  T 
without  Family  j  a  Houfe  that  inverts  the  Order  of 
Slavery,  and  fubjects  it  to  our  Servants  ;  and  yet, 
in  Contradiction  to  Scripture,  we  do  not  only  not 
think  that  Subjection  intolerable,  but  are  now  plead- 
ing for  it.     In  a  Word,  Sir,  it  is  a  Houfe  of  fo  in- 
congruous and  odious  a  Compofition  and  Mixture, 
that  certainly  the  grand  Architect  would  never  have 
fo  framed  it,  had  it  not  been  his  Dciign  as  well  to 
fhew  the  World  the  Contempt  he  had  of  us,  as  to 
demonftrate  the  Power  he  had  over  us. 

*  Sir,  that  it  may  appear  that  I  intend  not  to  be 
fo  prudent,  as  far  as  my  Part  is  concerned,  as  to 
make  a  voluntary  Refignation  of  my  Liberty  and 
Honour  to  this  excellent  Part  of  his  late  Highnefs's 
Laft  Will  and  Teftament,  I  (hall  crave,  Sir,  the 
Leave  to  declare,  in  a  few  Particulars,  my  Opi- 
nion of  this  Other  Houfe  ;  wherein  I  cannot  but 
promife  myfelf  to  be  favourably  heard  by  fome,  but 
patiently  heard  by  all :  For  thofe  Englishmen  that 
are  againft  this  Houfe  will  certainly,  with  Content, 
hear  the  Reafons  why  others  are  fo  too ;  thofe 
Courtiers,  that  arc  for  it,  give  me  Evidence  enough 
to  think  that  there  is  nothing  in  Nature  which 
they  cannot  willingly  endure. 

4  Firft,  Sir,  As  to  the  Author  and  Framcr  of  this 
Houfc  of  Peers :  Let  me  put  you  in  Mind,  it  was 
he,  that,  with  reiterated  Oaths,  had  often  fworn  to 
be  true  and  faithful  to  the  Government  without  it  ; 
and  not  only  fworn  fo  himfelf,  but  had  been  the 
chief  Inftrument  both  to  draw  and  compel  others  to 
fwear  fo  too.  So,  Sir,  that  the  Foundation  of  this 
noble  Fabric  was  laid  in  Perjury,  and  was  begun 
with  the  Violation  and  Contempt,  as  well  of  the 
Laws  of  God  as  of  the  Nation.  He,  Sir,  that  cal- 
led Monarchy  Anticbrtftian  in  another,  and,  indeed, 
made  it  fo  in  himfelf:  He  that  voted  a  Houfe  of 
Lords  dangerous  and  unneceflary,  and  too  truly 
made  it  fo  in  his  Partifans :  He  that,  with  Fraud 
and  Force,  deprived  you  of  your  Liberty  when  he 

was 


3 oo     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Uiter-regnum.  was  living,  and  entailed  Slavery  upon  you  at  his 
l6S9-        Death  ;  'tis  he,  Sir,  that  hath  left  you  thefe  worthy 

*~j~^~>  Overfeers  of  that  his  Laft  Will  and  Teftamait ; 
who,  however  they  have  behaved  themfelves  in 
other  Trufts,  we  may  be  confident  they  will  en- 
deavour faithfully  to  difcharge  themfelves  in  this.  In 
a  Word,  Sir,  had  this  Other  Houfe  no  other  Fault 
but  its  Inftitution  and  Author,  I  mould  think  that 
original  Sin  enough  for  its  Condemnation :  For  I  am 
of  "their  Opinion  that  think  that,  for  the  Good  of 
Example,  all  A&s  and  Monuments  of  Tyrants  are 
to  be  expunged  and  erafed,  that,  if  poflible,  their 
Memory  might  be  no  longer  liv'd  than  their  Car- 
caffes.  And  the  Truth  is,  their  good  Laws  are  of 
the  Number  of  their  Snares,  and  but  bafe  Brokage 
for  our  Liberty. 

'  But,  Sir,  to  impute  to  this  Other  Houfe  no  other 
Faults  but  its  own,  you  may  pleafe,  in  the  firft 
Place,  to  confider  of  the  Power  which  his  Highnefs 
hath  left  it,  according  to  that  Humble  Petition  and 
Advice,  which  he  was  pleafed  to  give  Order  to  the 
Parliament  to  prefent  unto  him.  For,  Sir,  as  the 
Romans  had  Kings,  fo  had  his  Highnefs  Parliaments 
amongft  his  Inftruments  of  Slavery  :  And  I  hope, 
Sir,  it  will  be  no  Offence  for  me  to  pray  that  his 
Son  may  not  have  them  fo  too.  But,  Sir,  they 
have  a  Negative  Voice,  and  all  other  Circumftances 
of  that  Arbitrary  Power,  which  made  the  former 
Houfe  intolerable  ;  only  the  Dignity  and  Quality  of 
the  Perfons  themfelves  is  wanting,  that  our  Slavery 
may  be  accompanied  with  Ignominy  and  Affront. 
And  now,  Mr.  Speaker,  have  we  not  glorioufly 
vindicated  the  Nation's  Liberty  ?  Have  we  not 
worthily  employed  our  Blood  and  Treafure  to  abo- 
lifli  that  Power  that  was  fet  over  us  by  the  Law,  to 
have  the  fame  impofed  upon  us  without  a  Law  ? 
And  after  all  that  Sound  and  Noife  we  have  made 
in  the  World,  of  the  People's  Legiflative  Power, 
and  of  the  Supremacy  and  Omnipotency  of  their 
Reprefentatives  ;  we  now  fee  there  is  no  more 
Power  left  them,  but  what  is  put  in  the  Balance, 
suid  equalled  by  the  Power  of  a,  few  Retainers  of 

Tyranny, 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       301 

Tyranny,  who  are  fo  far  from  being  of  the  People's 
Choice,  that  the  moft  Part  of  them  are  only  known 
to  the  Nation  by  the  VilJanies  and  Mifchiefs  they 
have  committed  in  it.  March. 

'  In  the  next  Place,  Sir,  you  may  pleafe  to  con- 
fider,  that  the  Perfons  inverted  with  this  Power  are 
all  of  them  nominated  and  defigned  by  the  Lord 
Protestor;  for  to  fay  by  him  and  his  Council  hath, 
in  Effect,  no  more  Diftinclion,  than  if  one  fhould 
fay,  by  Oliver  and  Cromwell.  By  this  Means  the 
Protector  himfelf,  by  his  own  and  his  Peers  Nega- 
tive, becomes,  in  Effect,  two  of  the  three  Eftates  ; 
and,  by  Confequence,  is  poffefied  of  two  Parts  of 
the  Legiflative  Power.  I  think  this  can  be  a  Doubt 
to  no  Man,  that  will  but  take  the  Pains  to  read 
over  that  fair  Catalogue  of  thofe  Noble  Lords  :  For 
certainly  no  Man  that  reads  their  Names,  can  pofli- 
bly  fancy  for  what  other  Virtues  or  good  Qualities 
luch  a  Compofition  fhould  be  made  Choice  of,  but 
only  the  Certainty  of  their  Compliance  with  what- 
foever  Ihould  be  enjoyned  them  by  their  Creator : 
Pardon,  Sir,  that  Name,  for  'tis  properly  applica- 
ble where  Things  are  made  of  nothing.  Now,  Sir, 
if,  in  the  former  Government,  Increafe  of  Nobility 
was  a  Grievance,  becaufe  the  new  Nobility,  having 
frefh  Obligation  to  the  Crown,  were  the  eafier  lead 
to  Compliance  with  it :  And  if  one  of  the  main 
Reafons  for  Exclufion  of  the  Bifhops  out  of  the 
Houfe  of  Lords,  was  becaufe  that  they,  being  of  the 
King's  making,  were,  in  Effect,  fo  many  certain 
Votes  for  whatever  the  King  had  a  Mind  to  carry 
in  that  Houfe  :  How  much  more  affured  will  that 
Inconvenience  now  be,  when  the  Protector,  that 
wants  nothing  of  the  King,  but,  in  every  Senfe,  the 
Title,  (hall  not  only  make  and  nominate  a  Parf. 
but,  of  himfelf,  conftitute  the  whole  Houfe  ?  In  a 
Word,  Sir,  if  our  Liberty  was  endangered  by  the 
former  Houfe,  we  may  give  it  up  for  loft  in  the; 
Other  Houfe.  And  'tis,  in  all  Refpedts,  as  advan- 
tageous and  fecure  for  the  Liberty  of  the  Nation, 
which  we  come  hither  to  redeem,  to  allow  this 
Power  and  Notion  to  his  Highnefs's  Officers,  or 

Council, 


302     'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  Council,  nay,  his  very  Chaplains,  as  to  his  other 
*659-        Creatures  and  Partifans  in  his  Other  Houfe. 

v~irNr""~;  '  Now,  having  confiderecl,  Sir,  their  Author* 
'rc  '  Power,  and  ConlHtution,  give  me  Leave  to  make 
fome  few  Obfervations,  though  but  in  general,  of 
the  Perfons  themfelves  that  are  defigned  to  be  our 
Lords  and  Mailers,  and  let  us  ice  what  either  the 
extraordinary  Quality  or  Qualifications  are  of  thefe 
egregious  Legiflators,  which  may  juftify  their  Choice, 
and  prevail  with  the  People  to  admit  them,  at  leaft, 
into  equal  Authority  with  the  whole  Reprefentative 
Body  of  themfelves.  But  what  I  {hall  fpeak,  Sirj 
of  their  Quality,  or  any  thing  elfe  concerning  them, 
I  would  be  thought  to  fpeak  with  Diftinclion,  and 
to  intend  only  of  the  Major  Part ;  for  I  acknow- 
ledge, Mr.  Speaker,  the  Mixture  of  this  Other 
Hou»re  to  be  like  the  Compofitions  of  Apothecaries, 
who  are  ufed  to  mix  fomething  of  Relifh,  fome- 
thing  grateful  to  the  Tafte,  to  qualify  their  bitter 
Drugs,  which  elfe,  perchance,  would  be  immedi- 
ately fpit  out,  and  never  fwallowed.  So,  Sir,  his 
Highnefs,  of  deplorable  Memory  to  this  Nation, 
to  countenance  as  well  the  "Want  of  Quality  as 
Honefty  in  the  reft,  hath  nominated  fome,  againft 
whom  there  lies  no  other  Reproach,  but  only  that 
Nomination  ;  but  not,  Sir,  out  of  any  Refpe<5t  to 
their  Qualities,  or  Regard  to  their  Virtues,  but  with 
regard  to  the  No-quality,  to  the  No-virtues  of  the 
reft :  Which,  truly,  Mr.  Speaker,  if  he  had  not 
done,  we  could  eafily  have  given  a  more  exprefs 
Name  to  his  Other  Houfe,  than  he  hath  been  plea- 
led  to  do  :  For  we  know  a  Houfe  defigned  only  for 
Beggars  and  Malefactors,  is  a  Houfe  of  Correction, 
and  termed  fo  by  your  Law. 

'  But,  Mr.  Speaker,  fetting  thofe  few  Perfons 
tfide,  who  I  hope  think  the  Nomination  a  Difgrace, 
and  the  ever  coming  to  fit  there  a  much  greater ; 
can  we,  without  Indignation,  think  on  the  reft  ? 
He  that  is  firft  in  their  Roll,  a  condemned  Coward  ; 
one  that,  out  of  Fear  and  Bafenefs,  did  once  what 
he  could  to  betray  your  Liberties,  and  does  now  the 
fame  for  Gain.  The  fecond,  a  Perfon  gf  as  little 

Senfe 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       303 

Scnfe  as  Honefty,  preferred  for  no  other  Reafon  but  Inter-reg num. 
his  No-worth,  his  No-confcience  ;  except  that  his 
cheating  his  Father  of  all  he  had  was  thought  a  Vir- 
tue  by  him,  who,  by  fad  Experience  we  rind,  hath 
done  as  much  for  his  Mother,  his  Country.  The 
third,  a  Cavalier,  a  Prefbyterian,  an  Independent;  for 
a  Republic,  for  a  Prote&or,  for  every  thing,  for  no- 
thing, but  only  that  one  thing,  Money.  'Twerc 
endlefs  to  run  through  them  all,  to  tell  you,  Sir,  of 
their  Lordfhips  of  feventeen  Pound  Land  a  Year  of 
Inheritance  ;  of  their  Farmer  Lordfhips,  Draymen 
Lordfhips,  Cobler  Lordfhips,  without  one  Foot  of 
Land,  but  what  the  Blood  oiEnglifimtn  hath  been 
the  Price  of.  Thefe,  Sir,  are  to  be  our  Rulers, 
thefe  the  Judges  of  our  Lives  and  Fortunes  j  to  thefe 
we  are  to  ftand  bare,  whilft  their  pageant  Stage. 
Lordfhips  deign  to  give  us  a  Conference  upon  their 
Breeches.  Mr.  Speaker,  we  have  already  had  too 
much  Experience,  how  unfupportable  Servants  are, 
when  they  become  our  Mafters.  All  Kind  of  Slave- 
ry is  Mifery  in  the  Account  of  all  generous  Minds  \ 
but  that  which  comes  accompanied  with  Scorn  and 
Contempt,  ftirs  every  Man's  Indignation,  and  is 
endured  by  none,  whom  Nature  does  not  intend  fo^ 
Slaves,  as  well  as  Fortune. 

'  I  fay  not  this,  Mr.  Speaker,  to  revile  any  Man 
with  his  Meannefs  ;  for  I  never  thought  either  the 
Malignity  or  Indulgence  of  Fortune,  to-  be  (with 
wife  or  juft  Men)  the  Grounds  either  of  their  ill  or 
their  eood  Opinion.  Mr.  Speaker,  I  blame  not  in 
thefe  Men  the  Faults  of  their  Fortune,  any  other- 
wife  but  as  they  make  them  their  own  :  I  object  to 
you  their  Poverty,  becaufe  it  is  accompanied  with 
Ambition  ;  I  remind  you  of  their  Quality,  becaufe 
they  themfelves  forget  it.  So  that  it  is  not  the  Men 
I  am  angry  with,  but  with  their  Lordfhips  ;  not 
with  Mr.  Barkjlead^  or  Mr.  Coaler ',  (Tides  I  could 
well  allow  him)  but  with,  The  Right  Honourable, 
our  fmgular  good  Lord  and  Goaler.  'Tis  this  In- 
congruity, Mr.  Speaker,  lam  difpleafed  with. 

'  So,  Sir,  that  tho'  we  eafily  grant  Poverty  and 
Neceflity  to  be  no  Faults,  yet  we  muft  allow  them 

to 


304     The  Parliamentary  HISTORV 

to  be  great  Impediments  in  the  Way  of  Honour, 
and  fuch  as  nothing  but  extraordinary  Virtue  and 
Merit  can  well  remove.  The  Scripture  reckons  it 
among  "Jeroboam's  great  Faults,  that  be  made  Priefls 
of  the  meaneft  of  the  People  :  And  fure  it  was  none 
of  the  Virtues  of  our  "Jeroboam  (who  hath  fet  up 
his  Calves  too,  and  would  have  our  Tribes  come 
up  and  worfhip  them)  that  he  obferved  the  fame 
Method  in  making  of  Lords. 

*  One  of  the  few  Requefts  the  Portitguefe  made 
to  Philip  the  Second  of  Spain,  when  he  got  that 
Kingdom  (as  his  late  Highnefs  did  this)  by  an  Ar- 
my, was,  That  he  would  not  make  Nobility  con- 
temptible, by  advancing  fuch  to  that  Degree,  whofe 
Quality  or  Virtue  could  be  no  way  thought  to  de- 
ferve  it.  Nor  have  we  formerly  been  lefs  appre- 
henfive  of  fuch  Inconveniences  ourfelves :  It  was, 
in  Richard  the  Firft's  Time,  one  of  the  Bilhop  of 
.£Yv's  Accufations,  That  Caflies  and  Forts  of  Truft 
he  did,  obfcuris  6'  ignotis  Hominibns  trader  e>  put 
into  the  Hands  of  obfcure  and  unknown  Men.  But 
we,  Mr.  Speaker,  to  fuch  a  Kind  of  Men  are  deli- 
vering up  the  Power  of  our  Laws,  and,  in  that,  the 
Power  of  all. 

<  In  the  iyth  of  Edward  IV.  there  parted  an  Adi: 
of  Parliament,  for  the  degrading  of  John  Nevil9 
Marquis  Montague,  and  Duke  qf  Bedford:  The 
Reafon  exprefs'd  in  the  Act,  *  Becaufe  he  had  not  a 
'  Revenue  fufficient  for  the  maintaining  of  that 
'  Dignity.'  To  which  is  added,  '  That  when  Men 
'  of  mean  Birth  are  called  to  high  Eftate,  and  have 

*  no  Livelihood  to  fupport  it,   it  induceth  Bribery, 
'  Extortions,  and  all  Kinds  of  Injuftices  that  are  fol- 
'  lowed  by  Gain.'     And  in  the  Parliament  of  2  Ca- 
rol, the  Peers,  in  a  Petition  againft  Scots  and  Irijh 
Titles,  told  the  King,  '  That  'tis  a  -Novelty  with- 

*  out  Prefident,  that  Men  fhould  poffefs  Honours 
'  where  they  pofTefs  nothing  elfe;  and  that  they 
c  fhould   have  a  Vote  in  Parliament,  where  they 
'  have  not  a  Foot  of  Land.'  But  if  it  had  been  added, 
Sir,    Or  have  no  Land  but  what  is  the  Purchafe  of 
their  Villanies,  ^ajnft  how  many  of  our  new  Peers 

had 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D,      305 

had  this  been  an  important  Objection  ?  To  con-  Inter-regnum. 
elude,  Sir,  it  hath  been  a  very  juft  and  reafonable        l659- 
Care,  amongft  all  Nations,  not  to  render  that  de-   *~ "T^^T** 
fpifcd  and  contemptible  to  the  People,  which  is  dc- 
figncd  for  their  Reverence  and  their  Awe;  which, 
Sir,  bare  and  empty  Title,  without  Quality  or  Vir- 
tue, never  procured  any  Man,  any  more  than  the 
Image  in  the  Fable  made  the  Afs  adored  that  car- 
ried it. 

'  After  their  Quality,  give  me  Leave,  Sir,  to 
fpeak  a  Word  or  two  of  their  Qualifications  ;  which 
certainly  ought,  in  Reafon,  to  carry  fome  Propor- 
tion with  the  Employments  they  defign  themfelves. 
The  Houfe  of  Lords,  Sir,  are  our  Kings  Here- 
ditary great  Councils  ;  they  are  the  higheft  Court  of 
Judicature  ;  they  have  their  Part  in  judging  and  de- 
termining of  the  Reafons  of  making  new  Laws,  and 
of  abrogating  old  :  From  amongft  them  we  take  our 
great  Officers  of  State  j  they  are  commonly  cur 
Generals  at  Land,  and  our  Admirals  at  Sea.  In 
Conclufion,  Sir,  they  are  both  of  the  Eflence  and 
Constitution  of  our  old  Government;  and  have,  be- 
fides,  the  greateft  and  nobleft  Share  in  the  Admini- 
ftration.  Now  certainly,  Sir,  to  judge  according 
to  the  Dictates  of  Reafon,  one  would  imagine  fome 
i'mall  Faculties  and  Endowments  to  be  neceflary  for 
the  difcharging  of  fuch  a  Calling;  and  -thofe  fuch 
as  are  not  ufually  acquired  in  Shops  and  Warehoufes, 
nor  found  by  following  the  Plough.  Now,  what 
other  Academies  moft  of  their  Lordftiips  have  been 
bred  in,  but  their  Shops  ;  what  other  Arts  they 
have  been  verfed  in,  but  thofe  which  more  require 
£ood  Arms  and  good  Shoulders  than  good  Heads, 
1  think,  Mr.  Speaker,  we  are  yet  to  be  informed. 
Sir,  we  commit  not  the  Education  of  our  Children 
to  ignorant  and  illiterate  Mafters ;  nay,  we  trulfc 
not  our  very  Horfes  to  unfkilful  Grooms.  I  be- 
feech  you,  Sir,  let  us  think  it  belongs  to  us  to  have 
fome  Care  into.whofe  Hands  we  commit  the  Ma- 
nagement of  the  Commonwealth ;  and  if  we  cannot 
have  Perfons  of  Birth  and  Fortune  to  be  our  li , 
to  whofe  Quality  \vc  would  willincrl'.'  fubrr.it,  I 

VOL.  XXI.  U 


306     'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

befeech  you,  Sir,  for  our  Credit  and  Safety's  Sake, 
l659-  let  us  feek  Men,  at  leaft,  of  Parts  and  Education, 
"r"v7""'*  to  whofe  Abilities  we  may  have  feme  Reaion  to 
give  Way.  If,  Sir,  a  Patient  dies  under  a  Phy- 
fician's  Hand,  the  Law  efteems  that  not  a  Fe- 
lony, but  a  Misfortune  in  the  Phyfician  ;  but  if 
one  that  is  no  Phyfician  undertakes  the  Manage- 
ment of  a  Cure,  and  the  Party  mifcarries,  the  Law 
makes  the  Empiric  a  Felon  ;  and  fure,  in  all  Men's 
Opinion,  the  Patient  a  Fool.  To  conclude,  Sir, 
for  great  Men  to  govern,  it  is  ordinary ;  for  able 
Men,  it  is  natural ;  Knaves  many  Times  come  to 
it  by  Force  and  Neceflity,  and  Fools  fometimes  by 
Chance ;  but  univerfal  Choice  and  Election  of  Fools 
and  Knaves  for  Government,  was  never  yet  made  by 
any  who  were  not  themfelves  like  thofe  they  chofe. 

«  But  methinks,  Mr.  Speaker,  I  fee,  ready  to  rife 
after  me,  fome  Gentleman  that  (hall  tell  you  the 
great  Services  that  their  New  Lordfhips  have  done 
the  Commonwealth  ;  that  fhall  extol  their  Valour, 
their  Godlinefs,  their  Fidelity  to  the  Caufe :  The 
Scripture  too,  no  doubt,  as  it  is  to  all  Purpofes, 
fhall  be  brought  in  to  argue  for  them  j  and  we  (hall 
hear  of  the  Wifdom  of  the  poor  Man  that  faved  tie 
City,  of  the  not  many  wife,  not  many  mighty  :  Attri- 
butes I  can  no  way  deny  to  be  due  to  their  Lord- 
fhips. Mr*.  Speaker,  I  fhall  be  as  forward  as  any 
Man  to  declare  their  Services,  and  acknowldge 
them ;  tho'  I  might  tell  you,  that  the  fame  Honour 
is  not  purchafed  by  the  Blood  of  an  Enemy,  and  of 
a  Citizen ;  that  for  Victories  in  Civil  Wars,  till 
our  Armies  marched  through  the  City,  I  have  not 
read  that  the  Conquerors  have  been  fo  void  of 
Shame  as  to  triumph.  Ctsfar?  not  much  more  in- 
dulgent to  his  Country  than  our  late  Protector,  did 
not  fo  much  as  write  public  Letters  of  his  Victory 
at  Pbarfalia^  much  lefs  had  Days  of  Thankfgiving 
to  his  Gods,  and  Anniverfary  Feafts  for  having 
been  a  profperous  Rebel,  and  given  Juftice  and  his 
Country  the  worft. 

*  But,  Sir,  I  leave  this  Argument,  and,  to  be  as 
good  as  my  Word,  corne  to  put  you  in  Mind  of 

fome 


Of   E  N  C  L  A  N  D.       307 

fome  of  their  Services,  and  the  Obligation  you  owe  Inter- regnum. 
them  for  the  fame.  To  fpeak  nothing,  Sir,  of  one  j659- 
of  my  Lords  Commiffioners  Valour  at  Bri^cl,  nor  of  ^'TT^T^ 
another  Noble  Lord's  brave  Adventure  at  the  Bear- 
Gardcn ;  I  muft  tell  you,  Sir,  that  moft  of  them 
have  had  the  Courage  to  do  Things,  which,  I  may 
boldly  fay,  few  other  Chriftians  durft  have  fo  ad- 
ventured their  Souls  to  have  attempted  :  They  have 
not  only  fubdued  their  Enemies,  but  their  Mailers 
that  railed  and  maintained  them ;  they  have  not 
only  conquered  Scotland  and  Ireland,  but  rebellious 
England  too;  and  there  fupprefs'd  a  malignant  Party 
of  Magiftrates  and  Laws.  And  that  nothing  fhould 
be  wanting  to  make  them  indeed  com  pi  eat  Conque- 
rors, (without  the  Help  of  Philofophy)  they  have 
even  conquered  themfelves.  All  Shame  they  have 
fubdued,  as  perfectly  as  all  Jultice  ;  the  Oaths  they 
have  taken,  they  have  as  eafily  digefted  as  their 
old  General  could  himfelf ;  public  Covenants  and 
Engagements  they  have  trampled  Under-foot:  In 
Conclufion,  fo  intire  a  Victory  they  have  over 
themfelves,  that  their  Confciences  are  as  much  their 
Servants  as,  Mr.  Speaker,  we  are.  But,  Sir,  give 
me  Leave  to  conclude  with  that  which  is  more 
admirable  than  all  this,  and  {hews  the  Confidence 
they  have  of  themfelves  and  us  :  After  having  many 
Times  trampled  on  the  Authority  of  the  Houfe  of 
Commons,  and  no  lefs  than  five  Times  diilblved 
them,  they  hope,  for  thofe  good  Services  to  the 
Houfe  of  Commons,  to  be  made  by  the  Houfe  of 
Commons  a  Houfe  of  Lords. 

'  I  have  been  over  long,  Sir,  for  which  I  crave 
your  Pardon  ;  therefore  in  a  Word  I  conclude.  I 
bcfecch  you  let  us  think  it  our  Duty  to  have  a  Care 
of  two  Things :  Flrjl,  That  Villanies  be  not  encou- 
raged with  the  Rewards  of  Virtue  :  Secondly,  That 
the  Authority  and  Majefty  of  the  Government  of 
this  Nation  be  not  defiled,  and  expofcd  to  Con- 
tempt, by  committing  fo  confiderablc  a  Part  of  it  to 
Pcrfons  of  as  mean  Quality  as  Parts. 

4  The  Tbebans  did  not  admit  Merchants  into  Go- 
vernment, till  they  had  left  their  Traffic  ten  Years  : 
U  ?  '  SIM  • 


308     *The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  Sure  it  would  have  been  long  before  Coblers  and 
1659.  Draymen  would  have  been  allowed.  If,  Sir,  the 

*— -v~— '  Wifdom  of  this  Houfe  {hall  find  it  necefiary  to  be- 
March.  gin  where  we  left,  and  {hall  think  we  have  been 
hitherto  like  the  Prodigal,  and  that  now  when  our 
Neceflities  perfuade  us,  /.  e.  that  we  are  almoft 
brought  to  herd  it  with  Swine,  now  'tis  high  Time 
to  think  of  a  Return  :  Let  us,  without  more  ado, 
without  this  motley  Mixture,  even  take  our  Rulers 
as  at  the  firft,  fo  that  we  can  be  but  reafonably  fe- 
cured  to  avoid  our  Counfellors  as  at  the  Beginning. 
4  Give  me  Leave,  Sir,  to  releafe  your  Patience 
with  a  fliort  Story.  Livy  tells  us,  there  was  a  State  in 
Italy  in  an  Ariftocracy,  where  the  Nobility  ftretch'd 
their  Prerogative  too  high,  and  prefumed  a  little 
too  much  on  the  People's  Liberty  and  Patience  ; 
whereupon  the  Discontents  were  fo  general  and  fo 
great,  that  they  apparently  tended  to  a  DiiTolution 
of  Government,  and  the  turning  of  all  Things  into 
Anarchy  and  Confufion.  At  the  fame  Time,  be- 
fides  thefe  Diftempers  at  home,  there  was  a  potent 
Enemy  ready  to  fall  upon  them  from  abroad,  that 
had  been  an  Over- match  for  them  at  their  beft 
Union ;  but  now,  in  thefe  Diforders,  was  like  to  find 
them  a  very  ready  and  very  eafy  Prey  :  A  wife  Man, 
Sir,  in  the  City,  that  did  not  at  all  approve  of  the 
Infolency  of  the  Nobility,  and  as  little  liked  popu- 
lar Tumults,  bethought  himfelf  of  this  Stratagem, 
to  couzen  his  Country  into  Safety  :  Upon  a  Pre- 
tence of  Counfel,  he  procured  the  Nobility  to  meet 
all  together;  which  when  they  had  done,  he  found 
a  Way  to  lock  all  the  Doors  upon  them,  goes  away 
himfelf,  and  takes  the  Keys  with  him  :  Then  im- 
mediately he  fummons  the  People  ;  tells  them,  that, 
by  a  Contrivance  of  his,  he  had  taken  all  the  Nobi- 
lity in  a  Trap  ;  that  now  was  the  Time  for  them  to 
be  revenged  upon  them  for  all  their  fnfolencies  ;  that 
therefore  they  mould  immediately  go  along  with 
him  and  difpatch  them.  Sir,  the  Officers  of  our 
Army,  after  a  Faft,  could  not  be  more  ready  for  the 
Villany,  than  this  People  were  :  And  accordingly 
they  made  as  much  Hafte  to  the  Slaughter  as  their 

LonJ 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       309 

Lord  Protector  could  defire  them.     But,  Sir,  this  interregnum. 
wife  Man  I  told  you  of,  was  their  Lord  Protestor        1659. 
indeed  :  As  foon  as  he  had  brought  the  People  where  V»*  •%"•••  «J 
the  Parliament  was  fitting,  and  when  they  but  ex-       March, 
peeled  the  Word  to  fall  to  the  Butchery,   and  take 
their  Heads,  *  Gentlemen,  fays  he,  tho'  I  would 
'  not  care  how  foon  this  Work  of  Reformation  were 

*  over,  yet,  in  this  Ship  of  the  Commonwealth,  we 
'  muft  not  throw  the  Steers -men  over  board,  till  we 

*  have  provided  others  for  the  Helm  :  Let  us  confi- 
'  der  before  we  take  thefe  Men  away,  in  what  other 
'  Hands  we  may  more  fccurely  truft  our  Liberty, 

*  and    the    Management  of  the  Commonwealth.' 
And  fo  he  advifed  them,  before  the  putting  down  of 
the  former,  to  bethink  themfelvcs  of  conftituting  an 
Other  Houfe.     He  begins  and  nominates  one,  a 
Man  highly  cried  up  in  the  popular  Fadion,  a  con- 
fiding Man,  one  of  much  Zeal,  little  Senfe,  and  no 
Quality  j  you   may   fuppofe  him,   Sir,  a   zealous 
Cobler.     The  People,  in  Conclufion,   murmured 
at  this,  and  were  loth  their  Fellow- Mutineer,  for 
no  other  Virtue  but  Mutinying,  fhould  come  to  be 
advanced  to  be  their  Matter ;  and,  by  their  Looks 
and  Murmur,  fufficiently  exprefled  the  Diftafte  they 
took  at  fuch  a  Motion.     Then  he  nominates  ano- 
ther, as  mean  a  Mechanic  as  the  former  j  you  may 
imagine  him,  Sir,  a  buftling  rude  Drayman,  or  the 
like  :  He  was  no  fooner  named,  but  fome  burft  out 
a-Jaughing,  others  grew  angry  and  railed  at  him, 
and  all  detefted  and  icorn'd  him.    Upon  this  a  third 
was  named  for  a  Lordfhip,  one  of  the  fame  Batch, 
and  every  way  fit  to  fit  with  the  other  two.     The 
People  then  fell  into  a  confufed  Laugh  and  Noife, 
and  inquired,  If  fuch  were  Lords,  who,  by  all  the 
Gods,  would  be  content  to  be  the  Commons  ? 

*  Sir,  Let  me  be  bold,  by  the  good  Leave  of  the 
Other  Houfe  and  yours,  to  afk  the  fame  Queftion  : 
But,  Sir,  to  conclude  this  Story,  and  with  it  1  hope 
the  Other  Houfe  ;  when  this  wife  Man  I  told  you  of 
perceived  they  were  now  fenfible  of  the  Inconveni- 
ence and  Mifchicf  they  were  running  into,  and  fa\v 
that  the  pulling  down  their  Rulers  would  prove,  in 
U  3  the 


310     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

the  End,  but  the  letting  up  of  their  Servants ;  he 
thought  them  then  prepared  to  hear  Reafon,  and 
told  them,  «  You  fee,  faith  he,  that,  as  bad  as  this 
'  Government  is,  we  cannot,  for  any  thing  I  fee, 
'  agree  upon  a  better :  What  then,  if  after  this 

*  Fright  we  have  put  our  Nobility  in,  and  the  De- 

*  monftration  we  have  given  them  of  our  Power,  we 
'  try  them  once  more,  whether  they  will  mend,  and, 
'  for  the  future,  behave  themfelves  with  more  Mo- 

*  deration  ?'    That  People,  Mr.  Speaker,  were  fq 
wife  as  to  comply  with  that  wife  Proportion,   and 
to  think  it  eafier  to  mend  their  old  Rulers,  than  to 
make  new  :   And  I  wifh,  Mr.  Speaker,  we  may  be 
fo  wife  as  to  think  fo  too.' 

Having  fifted  the  Journals  to  March  28,  1659, 
for  all  they  mention  material  to  our  Defign,  we  (hall 
look  back  a  little,  and  endeavour  to  explain  them 
further  from  the  Hiftories  of  the  Times. 

Mr.  Ludlow  acquaints  us, '  That  the  next  Thing 
that  they,  of  the  Republican  Party,  endeavoured  to 
do,  after  being  worfted  in  the  Affair  of  Recognition, 
was  to  get  rid  of  the  Scots  and  Irijh  Members,  whq 
had  introduced  themfelves  into  the  Houfe.  Thefe 
Men,  no  doubt,  were  Time-Servers,  and  never  pro- 
pofed  to  come  out  of  their  own  to  ferve  this  Coun- 
try for  nothing;  fo,  confequently,  were  due  Voters 
^nd  Penfioners  to  the  Court.*  Our  Author  fays, 

*  The  Way  they  propofed  to  have  them  removed,  was 
to  put  the  Queftion,  firft,  Whether  thofe  Members, 
chofen  by  Scotland  ought,  by  the  Law  of  the  Land, 
to  fit  as  Members  of  this  Parliament.  The  Reafons 
ufed  to  juftify  the  Wording  of  the  Queftion  in  this 
Manner,  were,  i.  That  there  was  no  Colour,  by 
the  antient  Law  of  the  Land,  for  their  fitting  ac 
Members  of  the  Parliament  of  England,  having 
always  been  a  diftincl:  Kingdom  from  it.     2.  That 
there  had  been  no  Diftribution  of  Powers  to  eledt, 
as  was  required  by  the  Humble  Petition  and  Advice. 
The  Court  would  by  no  Means  permit  the  Queftion 
to  be  put  in  the  Manner  before-mentioned ;  but 
moved  that  it  might  be  thus  propofed  in  the  follow- 
ing; 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.     311 

ing  Words  :  Whether  the  Houfe  thought  fit  that  Inter-regmua, 

thofe  returned  for  Scotland  fhould  fit  as  Members 

of  this  Parliament :  By  this  Means  turning  a  Que- 

ftion  of  Right  into  a  Queftion  of  Conveniency. 

However,  bccaufe  our  Queftion  was  firft  propofed, 

we  infifted  that  it  might  alfo  befirft  put;  and  likewife 

moved,  that  thofe  fent  from  Scotland  and  Ireland^ 

being  the  Pcrfons  concerned  in  the  Queftion,  might 

be  ordered  to  withdraw,  and  not  be  permitted  to  fit 

Judges  of  their  own  Cafe:  And  this  we  thought  we 

might  with  more  Reafon  demand,  becaufe  their 

own  Party  had  already  waved  the  Legality  of  their 

Election,  by  the  Form  of  Words  they  had  ufed  in 

the  Queftion  they  propofed :    But  the  pretended 

Members  for   Scotland  and  Ireland,   except   only 

Mr.  Swinton,  who  modeftly  withdrew,  as  they  had 

debated  their  own  Cafe  with  much  Confidence;  fo, 

by  the  Support  of  the  Court,  they  refolved  to  decide 

it  in  their  own  Favour. 

'  When  we  faw  ourfelves  thus  overpowered  by 
Violence  and  Number,  we  had  the  Queftion  put  for 
leaving  out  the  Words,  by  the  Law  of  the  Land-, 
which  being  carried  in  the  Affirmative,  and  there- 
fore to  be  entered  in  the  'Journal,  we  let  fall  Words 
in  the  Houfe  to  infmuate  that  they  were  not  a  legal 
Parliament,  having  no  Countenance  from  the  Au- 
thority by  which  they  acted  :  And  as  to  their  pru- 
dential Way  of  admitting  the  Scots  and  Irijh  on  the 
Account  of  Conveniency,  we  faid  it  would  weaken 
all  that  (hould  be  done  by  this  Aflembly,  whofe 
Actions  would  be  weighed  and  duly  confidcred  by 
thofe  that  fhould  come  into  Power  when  they  were 
gone :  That  the  Laws  of  this  Aflembly,  though  it 
were  granted  that  they  were  a  legal  Parliament, 
would  not  bind  the  People  of  Scotland,  who  are  not 
governed  by  the  common  Law  of  England,  and 
therefore  that  it  was  unreafonable  that  thofe  chofen 
by  that  Nation  {hould  have  any  Part  in  making 
Laws  for  the  People  of  England;  and  that  it  was 
intolerable  that  they,  who  had  fought  againft  a 
Commonwealth,  (hould  be  confulted  with  in  the 
framing  of  our  Conftitution,  and  fo  vote  us  out  of 

that 


312     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jntcr-regmim.  that  with  their  Tongues,  which  they  could  neverfight 
l659-  us  out  of  with  their  Swords.  But  all  our  Arguments 

*~2£^""J  were  anfwered  by  calling  for  the  Queftion,  which 
they  carried  by  a  great  Number  of  Votes,  as  they 
did  alfo  that  for  admitting  thofe  returned  for  Ireland. 
'  The  Court  having  overcome  thefe  Difficulties, 
doubted  not  to  obtain  the  Eftabliftiment  of  their 
Houfe  of  Lords,  which  they  called  the  Other  Houfe, 
and  therefore  moved  for  recognizing  them  alfo. 
The  Commonwealth's-Men  propofed  that  the  Af- 
fembly  would  firft  take  into  their  Conlideration  the 
Powers  wherewith  the  Other  Houle  ihould  be 
veiled,  before  they  proceeded  to  the  Recognition  of 
them,  left  our  qualifying  them  with  the  Title  of 
an  Houfe,  and  our  Approbation  of  the  Perfons  that 
were  to  fill  it,  might  be  a  Means  to  procure  them 
more  Power  than  otherwife  we  fhould  think  fit  to 
give  them  :  But  the  Court  Party  alledged,  That  the 
Other  Houfe  being  already  conftitutcd,  it  was  no 
jnore  in  the  Power  of  the  Commons  to  alter  their 
£ftablifhment,  than  in  the  Power  of  the  New  Houfe 
to  make  any  Change  in  that  of  the  Commons: 
Then  we  endeavoured  to  fhew  them  the  Unreafon- 
ablenefs  of  impofing  fuch  a  Houfe  upon  the  Nation, 
telling  them,  that,  in  antient  Times,  thofe  that  came 
to  Parliament  fat  there  by  virtue  of  the  Lands  they 
poflefled ;  and  that  he  who  had  twenty  Fees,  each 
of  twenty  Pounds  yearly  Rent,  might  demand  his 
Place  in  the  Houfe  as  an  Earl ;  and  that  whofoever 
was  poffeffed  of  thirteen  Fees,  whereof  one  third 
Part  was  Military,  had  a  Right  to  fit  in  the  fame 
Houfe  as  a  Baron  :  That  this  Method  continued 
till  the  greater  Barons,  finding  themfelves  over- 
voted,  withdrew  into  a  diflindt  Houfe.  But  King 
Henrylll.  having  got  a  Victory  againft  the  Barons, 
deprived  them  of  their  antient  Ufages,  and  permitted 
none  of  them  to  come  to  Parliament  without  a  Writ 
of  Summons  from  him.  We  {hewed  them  that  the 
Houfe  of  Lords  antiently  confifted  of  Perfons  on 
whom  the  Commons  had  their  Dependence ;  and 
being,  for  the  moft  Part,  Retainers  to  them,  were 
ploathed  in  their  Liveries :  But  the  Balance  being 

now 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D,       313 

now  altered,  and  the  greateft  Part  of  the  Lands  of  Interregnum, 
England  devolved  upon  the  Commons,  they,  inftead        *      ' 
of  wearing  the  Lords  blue  Coats,  did  now  give       M^^H, 
Wages  to  moil  of  thofe  who  pretended  to  be  Mem- 
bers of  the  Other  Houfe.     But,  notwithftanding  all 
that  could  be  faid,  the  Confederacy  for  them  was 
ftrong  enough  to  carry  all  before  them,  the  Cava- 
lierifh  Party,  who  were  very  numerous,  joining  with 
them,  in  Expectation   that  it  might  prove  a  good 
Step  towards  the  Return  of  the  former  Peerage  :  So 
the  Queftion  was  put,  Whether  this  Houfe  fliould 
tranfa&  with  ths  Other  Houfe,  and  carried  in  the 
Affirmative.' 

The  Author  of  the  Narrative  of  this  Parliament 
is  yet  more  explicit  than  Ludlow,  in  all  the  Affairs 
which  we  have  already  mentioned  from  the  Jour~ 
nah :  We  (hall  therefore  copy  him  throughout ; 
obferving,  That  both  thcfe  laft  quoted  Writers  are 
no  farther  to  be  trufted,  than  as  they  tally  with 
thofe  undoubted  Authorities,  the  Journals. 

The  Narrative  begins  with  telling  us,  '  That 
afterwards  the  Secretary  gave  an  Account  of  foreign 
Affairs,  as  is  already  mentioned,  on  the  2 lit  of  Fe- 
bruary t  acquainting  the  Houfe,  that  a  Million  of  Mo- 
ney was  needful  for  defraying  the  Naval  Expences 
for  this  Summer;  which  brought  on  the  Debate  con- 
cerning the  Navy,  in  behalf  of  the  Public :  That 
as  the  Navy  is  Part  of  the  Militia,  and  the  Militia 
the  Right  of  the  People  aflembled  in  Parliament;  and 
that,  without  the  Militia,  the  Parliament  could  not 
make  good  their  Promifes  to  the  People,  in  bound- 
ing the  Power  of  the  Chief  Magiftrate,  and  fecuring 
their  Rights  and  Liberties,  that  the  Houfe  would 
appoint  certain  Commiflioncrs  for  Management  of 
the  Naval  Forces.  The  Debate  for  fetting  out  a 
very  confiderable  Fleet  to  Sea,  for  Defence  of  the 
Commonwealth  and  Commerce  held  not  long,  the 
Thing  being  readily  and  unanimously  agreed  on :  But 
who  (hould  manage  the  Fleet,  was  a  Debate  of 
feveral  Days ;  and  at  laft  carried  with  a  ftrong 
Hand  by  the  Court  Party,  againft  all  Reafon  and 
Policy,  that  the  Protector  fliould  have  the  Difpofal 

of 


Znter»re§num. 
1659. 


March. 


314     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

of  it ;  only  the  Commonwealth's-Men  got  into  the 
Vote,  That  the  making  Peace  and  War  fliould  be 
referved  unto  the  Parliament. 

'  The  Houfe  was  called  upon  to  make  good  their 
Vote  of  bounding  the  Power  of  the  Chief  Magiftrate, 
and  fecuring  the  Rights,  Privileges,  and  Liberties  of 
the  Parliament  and  People;  and  that,  as  they  had 
filled  the  Hearts  of  all  Men  with  Joy,  in  Expecta- 
tion of  having  their  Rights  afcertained,  they  would 
not  render  themfelves  Jugglers,  in  promifing  what 
they  never  intended  to  perform ;  but  to  take  the 
feveral  Parts  of  the  previous  Vote  into  Confidera- 
tion ;  and  as  bounding  the  Chief  Magiftrate  is  firft 
in  Order,  fo  to  begin  with  it.  Yet  fuch  was  the 
Difingenuity  of  the  Court  Party,  being  made  up  of 
Houfhold  Servants,  Officers  of  Profit,  Suiters  for 
Offices,  Lawyers,  (the  corrupt  Part  of  whofe  Trade 
cannot  be  maintain'd  but  by  a  corrupt  Government) 
Scots  and  Irijb  Members,  chofen  by  the  Pretender's 
Intereft,  that  no  Arguments  of  Honour  or  Honefty 
could  engage  them  to  be  faithful  to  their  Country ; 
fuch  as  were  moft  open  confeffing  plainly,  that  they 
were  fo  far  from  bounding  the  Chief  Magiftrate, 
that  they  defired  to  give  him  as  much,  nay  more 
Power  than  any  King  or  Prince  of  England  ever 
had,  feeming  to  caft  Dirt  upon  the  famous  Long 
Parliament,  (whofe  Succeffes  and  great  Atchieve- 
ments  will,  by  Pofterity,  be  had  in  Admiration)  for 
aflerting  the  Rights  of  the  People  againft  the  King's 
own  Perfon,  not  flicking  to  charge  them  with  Mur- 
der for  that  War ;  and  that  without  Reproof,  but 
rather  Countenance  from  them.  But  others,  more 
prudent,  waved  bounding  of  the  Chief  Magiftrate, 
under  Pretence  of  firft  fettling  the  Conftitution  of 
the  Government  j  and  fo  falling  upon  the  Debate 
of  that,  after  fome  Days  fpent  in  it,  at  laft  voted, 
That  it  fhould  be  Part  of  the  Bill  for  Recognition, 
to  declare  the  Parliament  to  confift  of  two  Houfes. 
After  this  the  Houfe  was  again  put  in  Mind  of  their 
Duties  to  the  People,  and  urged  to  fall  upon  bound- 
ing the  Power  of  the  Chief  Magiftrate ;  which, 
as  it  was  firft  in  Order,  ought  to  have  been  firft 


Of    ENGLAND.      315 

in  Debate.  But  the  Courtiers  commanding  all  by  Tnter-regnum. 
Strength  of  their  Members,  waved  the  Chief  Ma-  j659- 
giftrate,  and  fell  upon  conftituting  the  Other  Houfe,  *—  ^  -^ 
in  which  fome  Days  were  fpent  in  Difputes  betwixt  March» 
the  new  and  old  Royalifts,  the  Commonwealth's- 
Men  remaining  filent,  to  fee  what  the  Strength  of  the 
other's  Brains  would  produce.  The  firft  was  for 
the  new  Creation  of  Lords,  with  the  Mixture  of  the 
old,  upon  fuch  Limitations  as  they  might  not  over- 
top the  new  :  The  other  for  the  old,  with  a  Mix- 
ture of  the  new,  and  for  the  full  Privileges  of  the 
antient  Houfes  of  Peers  :  But  after  it  appeared  that 
they  could  make  nothing  of  the  Debate,  not  daring 
to  truft  one  another,  the  Commonwealth's-Men 
fell  in,  and  (hewed  that,  where  the  Caufe  is  taken 
away,  the  EfFedl  muft  ceafe  :  That  as  the  Houfe  of 
Lords  had  antiently  a  natural  Right  to  a  fuperior 
Jurifdiction,  in  that  their  Property  was  five  Parts  of 
iix  of  the  whole  Nation  ;  fo  is  it  now  more  natural 
for  the  Commons  to  have  that  Superiority,  their 
Proportion  of  Property  being  ninety-nine  Parts,  or 
more,  of  a  hundred  :  And  therefore  moved,  That, 
if  they  would  have  another  Houfe,  it  might  be  fo 
bounded  as  might  fuit  with  the  People's  Intereft : 
Whereupon  they  proceeded  to  the  Debate  of  the 
Bounds  and  Powers  of  the  Members  fitting  in  the 
Other  Houfe  of  Parliament,  in  which  fome  Days 
were  fpent,  they  being  but  for  Life  ;  for  that  it  is 
againft  the  Common  Law  for  any  one  to  be  a  Judge 
for  him  and  his  Heirs  for  ever.  Then  for  their  be- 
ing firft  allowed  and  approved  of  by  the  Parliament: 
Then  upon  their  having  Negatives  only  in  fome 
Matters  :  Yet  ended  none ;  but,  at  laft,  difingenu- 
oufly  laid  all  afidc ;  and,  inftead  of  bounding  and 
approving  them,  a  bare  Queftion  was  brought  on 
Foot,  Whether  the  Members  fitting  in  the  Other 
Houfe,  as  then  conftituted,  fhould  be  tranfaclei 
with  or  no  j  thereby  to  let  them  at  once  into  the 
full  Privileges  of  the  antient  Lords  :  And,  to  make 
it  pafs  the  fmoothlicr,  a^  plaufiblc  Claufe,  to  fave  the 
Rights  of  the  antient  Peers,  was  added  by  the 
Courtiers »  which  \vas  done  only  to  gain  the  Cava- 
liers 


316     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter- regnum.  Hers  in  that  Vote,  and  not  with  any  Intent  to  let  in  the 
1659.  Lords  j  they  confeffing,  occafionally,  that  the  Rights 

*-J  ,7*T  ^  of  the  antient  Peers  could  be  nothing,  fo  long  as 
the  A6t  for  taking  of  them  away  was  in  being,  and 
unrepealed.  Againft  acting  with  the  Members  fit- 
ting in  the  Other  Houfe,  as  then  conftituted,  was 
alledged  the  Inconfiftency  of  it  with  the  Rights  and 
Liberties  of  the  People,  which  they  had  fworn  to 
maintain:  As,/r/?,  in  that  they  were  moft  Depend- 
ents upon  the  Single  Perfon,  by  way  of  Salaries, 
and  fo  likely  to  be  his  Mercenaries.  Secondly^  For 
that  the  Militia,  both  by  Sea  and  Land,  was  in  the 
Hands  of  the  Perfons  then  fitting  in  that  Houfe. 
Thirdly^  That  all  the  Chief  Judges  were  Members ; 
as,  the  three  Keepers  of  the  Seal,  two  Chief  Juftices, 
Mafter  of  the  Rolls ;  and  that  it  might  be  well 
thought  that  the  Lord  Chief  Baron  would  be  ac- 
counted as  worthy  to  be  one  as  the  reft :  And 
then  the  People,  in  all  Cafes  of  Appeals,  could  do  no 
more  than  appeal  from  the  Judges  in  fPeftminfter- 
Hall  to  the  fame  Perfons  fitting  in  Parliament : 
And  that  the  chief  Judicature  being  in  that  Houfe, 
and  having  the  Militia  to  maintain  it,  that  Houfe 
might  wrong  the  Commons  as  they  pleafed,  and 
they  remain  without  Remedy.  Fourthly ,  That  all 
the  Privy  Council,  the  Chief  Judges,  and  General 
Officers,  both  by  Sea  and  Land,  being  Members, 
the  Lawyers  and  Officers  of  Profit  (of  whom  the 
Body  of  the  Houfe  of  Commons  would  be  made  up) 
would  be  the  Creatures  and  Mercenaries  of  one  or 
other  of  them  of  the  Other  Houfe,  and  fo  make  the 
Houfe  of  Commons  to  be  nothing  but  the  Execu- 
tioners of  their  Lords  and  Mafters  Wills.  But, 
notwithftanding  thefe  and  many  more  excellent 
Arguments,  incomparably  prefled  by  Perfons  of 
great  Virtue  and  Abilities,  the  fervile  and  merce- 
nary Court  Party  would  not  be  prevailed  with  to 
bound  and  approve  the  Members  fitting  in  the 
Other  Houfe,  before  they  put  it  to  the  Vote  for 
tranfa£ting  with  them  ;  which  made  the  Common- 
\vealth's-Men  immediately,  as  the  Queftion  was 
coming  on,  to  except  againft  the  Constitution  of  the 

Houfcj 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.        317 

Houfe,  as  having  fixty  Pcrfons  in  it  fent  from  Scot-  inter- 
land  and  Ireland,  who  had  no  Right  nor  Title  to  fit  j        l6S9 
which  they  did,  as  being  afraid  to  venture  the  Que-    UT~^ 
ition  for  the  tranfa&ing  with  the  Other  Houfe,  with-  rt 

out  firft  bounding  and  approving  therewith.  With 
this  new-ftarted  Exception,  which  held  afterwards 
fourteen  Days  Debate,  the  Houfe  rofe.' 

The  Debate  concerning  the  Scots  and  Irijh 
Members  came  on,  and  run  feveral  Ways.  This 
Narrative  Writer  gives  it  in  this  Manner :  '  The 
Courtiers,  after  they  found  the  Want  of  Law,  flew 
to  Prudence  j  arguing,  that,  for  obliging  the  Scots 
and  IriJJj  Nations,  their  Members  ought  to  be  ad- 
mitted :  To  which  was  anfwered,  That  nothing 
could  be  more  provoking  to  thofe  two  Nations,  than 
fraudulently  to  give  them  the  Name  of  having  Mem- 
bers in  Parliament;  when,  in  Truth,  by  the  late 
Elections,  they  had  few  or  none,  mod  of  them  be- 
ing chofen  at  Whitehall^  whereof  fome  had  harufy 
been  ever  nearer  Scotland  than  Grafs-Inn.  But, 
befides  this  Anfwer  to  the  Courtiers  Arguments  of 
Prudence,  the  Commonwealth's-Men  argued  againfl: 
their  fitting,  as  having  no  legal  Right  or  Title  to 
fit,  and  that,  without  keeping  "to  legal  Rules,  Foun- 
dations could  not  be  maintained ;  for,  otherwife, 
they  that  fent  60  now  might  fend  300  next  Time, 
and  fo  make  Parliaments  of  what  Number  and  Tem- 
per they  pleafed ;  and  therefore  defired  that  the 
Members  of  both  Nations  might  withdraw,  and 
be  afterwards  brought  in  upon  legal  and  equal  Feet. 
But  Whitehall  being  refolved  not  to  part  with  any 
of  their  Strength,  (tho%  after  they  had  done  their 
Work,  they  intended  to  have  caft  them  off)  would 
have  nothing  to  do  with  Law  or  Right:  And  there- 
fore, whereas  the  Queftion  {hould  have  been,  Whe- 
ther the  Scots  and  Irijh  Members  had  any  legal 
Right  to  fit,  the  Words  legal  Right  were  thrown 
out,  and  the  bare  Queftion  put,  Whether  the 
and  Irijh  Members  {hould  fit  ?  And,  by  the  Help 
of  the  Scots  and  Irifl)  who  were  fuffered,  contrary 
to  the  Law  of  Nations,  to  vote  in  their  own  Cafe, 
it  was  carried,  That  they  {hould  fit  in  ParJi:: 

In 


3 1 8     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Diter-regnum.  In  which  Vote  the  Parliament  may  be  faid  to  have 
betrayed  their  Truft,  in  taking  in  Strangers,  with- 
out Law,  to  make  Laws  for  the  Engli/h  Nation; 
and  in  not  punifhing  the  Keepers  of  the  Seal,  who 
prefumptuoufly  took  upon  them,  without  and  againft 
Law,  to  fend  60  Strangers  as  Members  to  Parlia- 
ment. 

'  After  this  the  main  Queftion,  for  tranfacling 
with  the  Other  Houfe,  before  bounded  or  appro- 
ved, which  had  been  interrupted  by  the  Debate 
about  the  Scots  and  Iriflj  Members,  came  on  again. 
It  was  endeavoured  to  get  the  Words  bounding  and 
approving  the  Members  into  the  Queftion;  but  they 
were  thrown  out  by  a  Vote,  and  the  bare  Queftion 
put,  Whether  they  fhould  be  tranfacled  with  or  no, 
as  then  conftituted  ;  only  the  Commonwealth's- 
Men  got  the  Words  during  this  prefent  Parliament 
into  the  Queftion :  And  then,  by  the  Help  of  the 
Scots  and  hifn  Votes,  by  whofe  Number  all  Que- 
itions  were  carried  in  Favour  of  the  Court,  it  was 
refolved  to  tranfact  with  the  Perfons  then  fitting  in 
the  Other  Houfe  of  Parliament,  during  this  prefent 
Parliament.' 

Thus  having  cleared  up  thefe  Matters,  as  well  as 
the  "Journals  and  the  Hiftorians  of  thefe  Times  will 
allow,  we  fhall  go  on  with  the  former ;  which  tells 
us,  That  on  this  Day,  March  31,  was  read,  a  fe- 
cond  Time,  A  Bill  for  taking  a^vay  all  Laws,  Sta- 
tutes^ and  Ordinances,  concerning  the  Excife  and 
•new  Impoft,  after  Tears,  and  concerning 

Cujloms,   Tonnage,   and  Poundage,   after 
Months,  after  the  Death  of  his  Higbnefs  the  now 
Lord  Protettor. 

This  Bill  was  debated  in  the  Houfe  for  fomeDays, 
•without  any  Commitments ;  in  the  mean  Time  a 
Declaration  for  a  public  Faft  was  ordered  to  be 
drawn,  by  a  Committee  appointed  for  that  Purpofej 
and  this  Day,  April  2,  it  was  brought  and  read  in 
the  Houfe,  Paragraph  by  Paragraph  ;  which,  with 
fpme  Additions  and  Alterations,  was  corifented  to. 

The 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      319 

The  Narrative  before  quoted  tells  us,  *  That  this 
aft  thro'  the  Three  Nations  was  voted,  and  a  De- 
duration  for  the  fame,  from  the  Commons  and  the 
Protector  only,  was  ordered  to  be  brought  in  :  But  ' ' 

the  Court  Party,  to  the  end  to  engage  the  tranfa&ing 
with  the  Other  Houfe,  brought  in  the  Declaration, 
in  the  Form  of  a  Bill,  to  be  made  an  A&;  which 
caufed  the  Expence  of  fome  Days,  in  debating  in 
what  Manner  and  Form  to  fend  it  to  the  Other  Houfe, 
for  that  the  firft  Tranfaction  would  be  the  Rule  for 
the  future :  It  was,  in  order  thereunto,  voted,  That 
ihe  Commons  would  not  fliew  the  Other  Houfe  any 
other  Refpect  than  they  fhould  {hew  to  them. 
Secondly,  That  they  would  fend  Members  of  their 
own  to  the  Other  Houfe,  and  that  they  would  receive 
no  Meflages  from  them  but  by  Members  of  their 
own  Number.  This  was  all  the  Votes  of  public 
Concernment  that  was  carried  in  the  whole  Time 
of  the  Parliament,  which  was  either  honourable  or 
advantageous  for  the  Commons;  and  yet  the  Cour- 
tiers, after  they  had  confulted  with  Whitehall,  were 
refolved  to  have  unvoted  and  made  it  null  and  void. 
It  was  under  Debate  what  Ceremony  the  Meflengcr 
fhould  ufe  at  his  Approach  into  their  Houfe,  and 
what  Title  to  give  them ;  Mr.  Speaker,  My  Lord 
CvmmiJJioner,  and  My  Lords  and  Gentlemen,  were 
all  feverally  fpoken  of,  but  none  agreed  on  ;  and 
the  Courtiers  Hafte  being  fuch  as  they  could  not 
ftay,  the  MeiTenger  that  carried  the  AcT:  for  the  Fait 
down  to  the  Other  Houfe,  was  advifed  to  give  them 
no  Title  at  all;  which  Directions  he  followed,  and 
fo  left  the  Bill  with  them,  which  was  never  return 'd. 
During  this  Debate,  fome  Exceptions  being  taken, 
at  Mr.  Speaker's  Carriage,  as  unequal,  he  was 
accufed  of  having  had  Conference  at  Whitehall 
with  the  Pretender  ;  which  was  contrary  to  the 
Orders  of  the  Houfe  :  This  Charge  put  the  Houfe 
into  a  great  Heat,  fome  taking  Part  with  him,  a«4 
fome  againft  him ;  and  as  the  Courtiers  were  not 
only  moft  in  Number  but  beft  at  brawling,  fo  they 
made  the  greateft  Neifc,  umill  they  «l>ferve«l  Matte* 


320     *The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  of  Truth  in  the  Thing  ;   and  then,   as  the  Party 
l659«        charging  was  fatisfied  with  giving  the  Reproof,  fo 

*""'TV'T""'    the  Courtiers  were  willing  to  have  it  die. 

*  Some  Deficiency  was  obferved  by  the  Court  in 
the  Acts  for  forcing  the  Payment  of  the  Exciie,  and 
therefore  a  Bill  was  brought  in  by  one  of  that  Party, 
under  a  fpecious  Pretence  of  fettling  it  but  for  a  cer- 
tainNumber  of  Years,  as  thePaiiiamentfhould  agree 
on,  whereas  it  was  fettled  for  ever.  This  Bill,  after 
long  Debate,  was,  by  Means  of  Coinmonwealth's- 
Men,  laid  afide,  and  a  Declaration  brought  in  by 
them  to  enjoin  the  Payment  of  the  Excife  during  the 
Sitting  of  the  Parliament ;  owning  clearly  their  De- 
fjgn  to  be,  That,  if  the  Laws  were  not  good,  the 
afcertaining  the  Excife  no  longer  than  during  the 
Parliament,  would  put  a  Neceffity  upon  the  Chief 
Magiftrate  to  let  the  Parliament  fit  untill  they  had 
done  fome  Good  for  the  poor  People  of  England; 
and,  if  they  were  good,  the  Declaration  did  not 
prejudice  them  :  But  as  the  Commonwealth's  Men 
laid  afide  the  Courtiers  Bill,  fo  they  laid  afide  this 
the  Commonwealth's-Men's  Declaration.' 

After  the  Declaration  for  a  Faft  was  finifhed  and 
agreed  to,  much  Debate,  we  find,  was  had,  what 
Title  to  put  to  it.  A  Queftion  was  propofed,  that 
the  Title  of  this  Declaration  be,  A  Declaration 
of  the  Lord  Protector  and  both  Houjes  of  Parlia- 
ment for  a  Day  of  Jolernn  F aft  ing  and  Humiliation, 
to  be  obferved  in  all  Places  within  the  Common- 
wealth  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  upon  the 
eighteenth  Day  of  May,  1659.  Another  Queftioti 
was  put,  Whether  thefe  Words,  Both  Houfes  of, 
ihould  ftand  in  the  Title  after  the  Word  and,  and 
before  the  Word  Parliament?  The  Houfe  di- 
vided ;  when  the  Yeas  were  found  to  be  135,  and 
the  Noes  96.  But  when  this  Title  was  engroffed  on 
the  Back  of  the  Declaration,  and  was  read  a  third 
Time,y^/>r/75,  twoProvifo's,by  way  of  Salvo's,  were 
offered  to  be  added  to  it.  The  one  was,  '  Provided 
always,  and  this  Houfe  doth  declare,  That  it  is  not 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       321 

Intended  by  this  Declaration,  that  the  Houfe  of  Inter-rtgnum. 
Commons  {hall  be  hereby  precluded  or  debarred  to 
add,  hereafter,  fuch  Bounds  and  Limitations  either 
to  the  Single  Perfon,  or  the  Other  Houfe,  as  may  be 
requifite  for  the  Public  Safety  and  Welfare  of  thefe 
Nations.'  The  other  Provifo  was,  «  Provided  al- 
ways, and  it  is  hereby  declared,  That  the  paffing 
of  this  prefent  Declaration  {hall  not  be  intended, 
nor  conftrued,  to  exclude  the  Houfe  of  Commons, 
in  Parliament  aflembled,  to  fet  fuch  Bounds  to  the 
Powers  and  Authorities  of  the  Chief  Magiftrate,  as 
ihall  confift  with  the  juft  Rights  and  Liberties  of 
the  People,  according  to  the  former  Vote  of  this 
Houfe.' 

Thefc  two  Provifo's,  we  are  told  by  the  Journals, 
were  only  read  by  the  Gentlemen  that  tendered 
them,  {landing  up  in  their  Places,  and  were  after- 
wards brought  up  to  the  Table  and  delivered  :  For 
when  the  Queftion  was  put,  That  the  firft  {hould 
be  read  there,  it  was  carried  in  the  Negative,  on  a 
Divifion,  123  againft  73.  The  other  Provifo  was 
not  fuffer'd  fo  much  as  to  be  put  to  the  Queftion  for 
reading  it ;  but,  inftead  thereof,  the  main  Queftion 
was  called  for,  put,  and  carried  by  a  Majority  of 
94  againft  34,  '  That  this  Houfe  doth  agree  to  the 
Declaration ;  and  that  the  Concurrence  of  the 
Other  Houfe  be  defircd  to  it.'  The  whole,  then, 
of  this  extraordinary  Work  of  Piety  runs  thus : 

A  DECLARATION  of  the  LORD  PROTF.CTOR  and 
both  Houfes  of  Parliament,  fer  a  Day  of  folemn 
fajllng  and  Humiliation,  to  be  obferved  in  all 
Places  within  toe  Commonwealth  of  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland,  upon  the  i8tb  Day  of 
May,  1659. 

WE  look  upon  it  as  a  Duty  incumbent  upon  A  Declaration 
us,  who  are  fet  upon  the  Watch- To wcr/or  a  PublicFail- 
to  declare  what  we  fee ;  and  ferioufly  weighing 
the  Condition  of  thefe  Three  Nations,  by  God's 
Ways  towards  us,  and  our  Ways  towards  him,  and 
the  prefent  Pofture  of  Affairs  among  us,  we  Cir 
not  but  have  fad  Thoughts  and  Apnrehenfions  cf 
VOL.  XXI.  ^X 


322     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

4  the  Tokens  of  God's  juft  Difpleafure  againft  us. 

4  As  for  the  Ways  of  the  Lord  wherein  he  hath 
4  walked  towards  us,  they  have  been  Ways  of  Mul- 
4  titudes  of  Mercies  in  Viciflitudes  of  Dangers :  For, 
4  in  the  faddeft  Difpenfations  of  his  Providence  to- 
4  wards  us,  he  hath,  in  the  midft  of  Judgment,  re- 
4  membered  Mercy  ;  and  hath  feemcd  to  fay  as  of 
4  old  to  Ephraim  and  Ifrael,  How  /hall  I  give  thee 
4  up,  England  !  How  /hall  I  deliver  you,  Scotland 
4  and  Ireland  !  How  foall  1  make  you  as  Admah  ! 
4  How  Jhall  1  fet  you  as  Zeboim  !  My  Heart  is 
4  turned  within  me,  my  Repentings  are  kindled  to- 
4  gether;  yet  we  cannot  fay  his^Wrath  is  turned 
4  away,  but  his  Hand  is  ftretched  out  ftill ;  for  tho' 
4  we  have  been  emptied  from  Veflel  to  Veflel,  yet 
4  we  can  find  no  Reft  or  Settlement ;  we  fee  not  our 
4  Signs,  nor  any  that  can  tell  us  how  long  :  This  is 
4  a  Lamentation  ;  and  if  our  Ways  towards  God  in 
4  all  this  be  confidered,  it  muft  be  for  a  Lamenta- 
4  tion. 

4  For  inftead  of  humbling  ourfelves  under  the 
4  mighty  Hand  of  God,  and  meeting  him  in  the 
4  Way  of  his  Judgments,  we  turn  our  Backs  upon 
4  him,  and  caft  him  out  of  Mind,  vex  his  holy  Ma- 
4  jefty  with  our  Murmurings  and  Complainings  of 
4  Events,  repining  at  the  Mifcarriages  of  Inftru- 
4  ments,  envying,  cenfuring,  and  fretting  againft 
4  one  another ;  no  Man  in  the  mean  Time  laying 
c  his  Hand  upon  his  own  Heart,  faying,  Wbtit  have 
<  1  done? 

4  How  highly  is  God  provoked  by  our  great  Apo- 
4  iracy  and  Backfliding,  arifing  chiefly  from  want  of 
4  receiving  the  Truth  in  the  Love  thereof,  whereby 
4  thefe  Nations  are  overfpread  with  many  Blafphe- 
c  mies  and  damnable  Herefies  againft  God  himfelf, 
4  and  his  glorious  Attributes ;  againft  the  Lord  Je- 
4  Jus  Chrtft,  his  Perfon,  his  Offices,  and  his  Me- 
4  rits  ;  againft  the  Holy  Spirit ;  againft  the  Word 
4  of  God,  the  only  Rule  of  Faith  and  Life,  by  de- 
4  nying  the  Authority  thereof,  and  crying  up  the 
4  Light  in  the  Hearts  of  finful  Men,  as  the  Rule 
4  and  Guide  of  all  their  Adtions  >  befides  many  other 

4  abc- 


Of    ENGLAND.       323 

'  abominable  Errors,   which  have  opened  a  wide  [nter-regi 

*  Door  for  the  letting  in  of  the  mcft  horrible  Con-        l659- 
'  tempt  of  the  Ordinances  and  Inftitutions  of  Jefus    *• — ^" 
c  Cbrift*  of  the  Minifters  and  Miniftry  of  the  glo-        Aprih 

*  rious  Gofpel ;  together  with  the /Growth  of  grofs 

*  Ignorance,  Atheifm,  and  Profancncfs  of  all  Sorts, 

*  fuch  as  vain  Swearing  and  Curling,  Profanation 

*  of  the  Lord's  Day,  Drunkennefs,   Uncleannefs, 
'  and  other  ungodly  Courles,  for  which  the  Land 
c  mourns. 

'  And  befitles  all  this,  that  which  fhould  be  the 
'  Caufe  of  deepeft  Humiliation  to  us,  and  is  of  high 
4  Provocation  to  God,  is  the  great  Scandal  given  by 
'  ProfefTors,  and  the  fad  Divifions  amongft  them', 
'  whereby  Religion  has  been  fo  wounded  in  the 
'  Houfe  of  its  Friends. 

'  And  that  which  makes  thefe  Abominations  the 

*  more  national,  and  gives  us  the  more  Caufe  to  be 
'  humbled  for  them,  is,  the  too- much  RemiiTnefs 
c  and  Connivance  of  the  Civil  Magiftrates,  (to  whom 
'  belongs   the  Care  of  maintaining  God's   public 
'  Worfhip,   Honour,  and   Purity  of  Doctrine,  as 
'  well  as  of  punifhing  all  Sins  of  the  fecond  Table) 

*  in  permitting  the  Growth  of  thefe  Abominations, 

*  by  fuffering  Perfons,  under  the  Abufe  of  Liberty 

*  of  Confcience,    to  difturb  the  public  Ordinances, 
'  and  to  publilh  their  corrupt  Principles  and  Pradti- 

*  ces,  to  the  feducing  and  infecting  others. 

*  And  that  which  makes  all  thefe  Sins  to  be  out 

*  of  Meafure  finful,  is,  that  they  are  againft  fomany 

*  fignal  Deliverances  and  Mercies,   under  fuch  a 
'  glorious  Sun-fhine  of  the  Gofpel,  and  contrary  to 
'  fo  many  Covenants,   Vows,  and  Proteftations, 

*  perfonal  and  national.     ,* 

*  Nor  are  we,  in  this  Day  of  our  Humiliation,  to 

*  forget  the  Judgments  of  God,  (whereby  .he  gives 

*  thefe  Nations  Tokens  of  his  Difpleafure")  that  in 

*  the  midft  of  all  our  Changes  and  Unfettlements, 
.•  he  hath  ftill  left  us  in  the  Dark,   and  hid  Council 

*  from  the  Wife  ;  fo  that  hitherto  we  have  not  at- 
tained unto  that  happy  Settlement  in  Church  and 

j,  which  hath  lain  fo  much  upon  the  Spirits, 
X  ?,  *  and 


324     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Iiiter-iegnum.    «and  hath  been  fo  much  in  the  Prayers  and  Defire: 
^jfeL^j  c  of  all  that  fear  him. 

April.  '  That  there  hath  been  fo  great  a  Mortality  upon 

'  Man  and  Beaft,  in  many  Places  of  this  Nation, 

*  befides  the  Decay  of  Trade,  and  the  great  Dearth 
'  which  is  amongft  us,  which,  if  the  Lord  be  not  fo 
'  merciful    as   to   fend   feafonable   Weather,    may 
'  threaten  a  Famine. 

«  Thefe  Things  ferioufly  confidered,  Is  there  not 
'  a  Caufe  to  fandtify  a  Faft,  to  call  a  folemn  Afiem- 

*  bly,  to  gather  the  Elders,  and  all  the  Inhabitants 

*  of  the  Land  into  the  Houfe  of  the  Lord  our  God, 
'  to  cry  mightily  unto  the  Lord. 

'  For  which  Purpofe,  as  alfo  to  implore  a  Blef- 
'  fmg  from  God  upon  the  Councils  and  Proceedings 
'  of  this  prefent  Parliament,  his  Highnefs  the  Lord 
'  Protector,  and  the  Parliament,  do  appoint,  That  in 

*  all  Places  within  England^  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 

*  and   the   Dominions    thereunto   belonging,    the 
'  Eighteenth  Day  of  May  next  be  fet  apart  and  ob- 

*  ferved  as  a  Day  of  folemn  Fafting  and  Humiliation, 
'  in  all  Churches,     Chapels,    and   Congregations 
1  within  the  fame. 

'  And  we  do  will  and  require  all  Minifters  and 
'  Paftors  of  Congregations  to  read,  or  caufe  to  be 
'  read,  this  Declaration,  in  their  feveral  Churches, 
'  Chapels,  and  Congregations,  on  the  Lord's  Day 
'  next  before  the  faid  Day  of  Public  Fatting,  to  the 
'  end  the  fame  may  be  the  better  taken  Notice  of. 

'  And  we  do  alfo  hereby  will  and  require  all  Jufti* 

*  ce§  of  the  Peace,  and  other  Officers,  to  fee  that  thr- 
'  faid  Day  be  duly  obferved  :  And  we  do  prohibit  alt 

*  Fairs,  Markets,  opening  of  Shops,  and  other  ordi- 
'  nary  Labours  and  Employments,  and  all  Recrea- 
'  tions,  upon  the  faid  Day.' 

The  next  Day  after  this  Declaration  was  agreed 
to,  April  6,  a  Debate  arofe  in  the  Commons., 
about  the  Manner  of  tranfa&ing  Bufmefs  with  the 
Other  Houfe ;  when  they  came  to  a  Refolutioh. 
to  appoint  a  Committee  to  confider  and  report  their 
Opinion  of  this  Matter :  But  the  fame  Day  the 

«  Houfe, 


Of    ENGLAND.      325 

Houfe,  on  the  Queftion,  refolved,  'That,  in  all  interregnum. 
Meflages  unto,  and  Conferences  with,  the  Other 
Houfe,  the  like  Refpcd,  and  no  other,  be  obfervcd 
by  the  Members  of  this  Houfe,  that  is  obferved  by 
the  Perfons  lining  in  the  Other  Houfe  to  them.' 

Mr.  Ludlow,   on  this  Head,  remarks,  c  That 
thofe  of  his  Party  defired,  that  feeing  the  Houfe  of 
Commons  was  undeniably  more  honourable  in  the 
Members  of  it  than  the  Other,  and  much  more  in 
relation  to  thofe  whom  they  reprefented,  that  the 
Members"  of  this  Houfe  might  not  go  to  them  with 
Meflages  as  formerly,  unlcfs  the  Members  of  the 
New  Houfe  would  refpeciively  come  to  us  with  their 
Meflages ;  or  that  the  Matters  in  Chancery,  who 
were  accuftomed  to  be  the  Lords  Mefiengers,  might 
be  divided  between  the  two  Houfes  for  that  Purpofe : 
But  this  alfo  was  denied,  and  we  were  told,  That  a 
Feather  might  hinder  the  Motion  of  a  CJock  as 
well  as  a  Piece  of  Iron.     The  Subject  of  our  firft 
TranfacStion  with  the  Other  Houfe  was  touching  a 
Declaration  for  a  Faft;  which,  by  fome  Expreflkms 
in  it,  of  taking  Shame  to  ourfelves  for  neglefting  to 
fettle  the  Government  of  the  Church,  and  having 
permitted  fo  many  erroneous  and  heretical  Opinions 
to  be  divulged,  with  others  of  a  like  Nature,  dif- 
covered  plainly  in  what  Mint  it  was  forged.     This 
Declaration  being  agreed  to,  it  was  ordered  to  be 
carried  to  the  Other  Houfe,  for  their  Concurrence, 
by  one  Mr.  Grove,  who  was  accompanied  by  divers 
young  Gentlemen,  and  many  of  the  Cavalier  Party, 
all  of  them  attending  like  fo  many  Lackies  at  the 
Bar  of  the  Other  Houfe,  whilft  the  Ceremonies  of 
prefenting  it  were  performed,  which  were  the  fame 
that  had  been  formerly  ufed  to  the  Peers  on  the  like 
Occafion.     Thofe  of  the  Other  Houfe  were  won- 
derfully  pleafed   with   this  Application   to  them, 
having  waited  near  three  Months  for  it,  and,  having 
no  Bufinefs  to  do,  had  confumed  great  Store  of  Fire 
to  keep  them  warm  at  the  Public  Charge :  Yet, 
upon  the  Debate,  they  found  not  fo  great  an  Unani- 
mity as  in  the  receiving  it ;    for  Mr.  Cromwell's 
Party  and  the  Prefbyterians  fell  violently  upon  the 
X  3  In- 


d. 


326  The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Independents  and  fome  of  the  Army,  concerning  fome  Claufes 
therein  inferted,  as  they  faid,  by  thofe  of  their  Party.'  But 
more  of  this  in  the  Sequel. 

The  Public  Accounts  of  the  Kingdom  having  been  referred, 
for  Infpeclion,  to  a  Committee,  as  well  as  the  Public  Revenue, 
this  Day,  April  7,  Mr.  Scawen,  from  the  faid  Committee, 
delivered  in  a  Paper,  wherein  was  ftated  the  whole,  drawn  up 
in  the  following  Manner,  under  this  Title  : 

A  brief  View  of  the  PUBLIC  REVENUE,  both  certain  and  cafual; 
with  the  ordinary  Expence  of  the  Commonwealth  of  England, 
Scotland,  and  Ireland,  refpeftively,  in  the  Three  Nations,  for 
one  Tear  ;  together  with  a  State  of  the  PUBLIC  DEBTS,  as  the 
fame  doth  appear  to  the  Committee  appointed  by  the  Houfe  of 
Commons,  for  the  Infpeclion  into  the  Accompts  and  Public  Re- 
venue as  followeth :  That  is  to  fay, 

The  Income  of  England. 

By  Afleflments  of  35000  /.  a  Month 

By  Cuftoms  and  Subfidies  in  the  Ports 
of  London,  and  the  Out-Ports 

By  the  Cuftom  of  Sea  Coal  exported  out 
of  England  and  Scotland,  in  Farm  to  Mr. 
Noel  at  22000 /.  a  Year;  whereof,  Mr. 
Noel  affirms,  22i6/.   5  .r.  4^.  is  for  the  V 
Coals  of  Scotland,  and  is  hereafter  charged  I 
in  the  Income  of  Scotland,  and  therefore  to  j 
be  here  deducted  ;  and  the  Remain  is 

By  the  Excife  of  Goods  imported  into 
the  Port  of  London  and  the  Out-Ports 

By  the  Excife  of  inland  Commodities  of~j 
England  and  Scotland,  in  Farm  to  Mr.  J 
Noel  at  65000  /.  a  Year ;  whereof,  Mr.  J 
Noel  affirms,  1674 /.  9*.  5  d.  Is  for  the  • 
inland  Commodities  of  Scotland,  and  is  ( 
hereafter  charged  as  Part  of  the  Income 
of  Scotland,  and  is  therefore  here  deducted  j  j 
and  fo  the  Remain  is  J 

By  the  Excife  of  Beer  and  Ale  in  Farm 

J3y  Receivers- General,  arifing  chiefly  by  ) 
and  Delinquents  Eftates 


-    420000     o 

•   391630  17 

O 

7* 

^    1-9783  14 

8 

\       196783    12 

7 

58375  15  7 


329011 
54087 


o  o 
5  9 


By 


Of   ENGLAND. 

By  Probate  of  Wills        

By  Poftage  of  Letters,  in  Farm     - 

By  Fines  for  Alienations         — 

By  the  Hannper  Office       —         

By  the  Duty  of  Sea  Coals,  in  Farm      — 
By  Wine  Licences      —  • 

By  Poft  Fines,  in  Farm      ~  — 

By  the  Iflues  of  Jurors,  in  Farm  — 

By  the  Green  Wax,  befidcs  the  Wages  ) 

of  the  Juftices  of  Peace  ) 

By  Sheriffs  in  the  Pipe,  and  by  Minute  •% 

Rents  vefted  in  Truftees  for  the  Sale  of  / 

Fee-Farm  Rents,  and  for  Lands  extended  j  f 

for  Outlawries,  and  Debts  lett  to  Farm     J 

By  Seizures  in  the  Pipe  . 

By  Sherifts,  for  Debts  of  feveral  Natures 

By  the  Underage,  in  Farm  . 

By  the  Profits  of  Liberties      —  — 

By  the  Foreft  of  Deane,  in  feveral  Sorts  } 

of   Iron   Shot   delivered   into   the   public  > 

Stores  of  the  Office  of  the  Ordnance  3 

By  the  Mint  _ . 

By  theAulnage,  a  Rent  of  997 /.  i  s.  lid.  -j 

is  in  Charge;   but  for  12  Years  laft  paft  / 

it  hath  been  ill  paid,  and  fometimes  very  { 

iittle;  in  the  Year  1657  was  anfwered       J 

The  Tenths  and  Firft-Fi;uits  


327 

/.  s.     d. 

7993  18     3 

14000  o    o 

4883  13     4 

3876  9     2 

1838  12     6 

4131  6  10 

3000  o    o 

IOOO      O      O 

835  18    7* 


1542  14    3 

844    5  ii 

498     i     3 

500    o    o 

81     9     2 

1575  H 
359 

997     i  " 
Nil. 


Note,  That  we  find,  in  a  Report  made  by  a  Grand  Committee 
for  the  Public  Revenue,  in  the  Year  1654,  a  yearly  Income 
fet  upon  the  Particulars  following ;  that  is  to  fay, 

Upon  the  Foreft  of  Deane  -  —  —  4000  o  o 
The  Iflands  of  Guernfey  and  Jerfey  —^  200O  o  O 

The  Coinage  of  Tin  —  —  2000  o  o 

But  nothing  anfwered  for  any  of  thofe,  fave  the  Sum  of 

X575^  *4/»  I  <?•*•  o^  of  the  Foreft  of  Deane,  in  Iron  Shot, 

as  before  is  exprefled. 

Note  alfoy  That,  the  laft  Year,  there  was  anfwered  in  the  Ex- 
chequer the  feVcral  Sums  of  Money  hereafter  mentioned; 
that  is  to  fav, 

For 


328  ¥b?  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

/.      s.    d. 

For  Deans  and  Chapters  Lands,  fold     —  3433  *  *  7 

For  Fee-Farm  Rents,  fold             _  1134  15  4 

For  Compofitions  for  new  Buildings      —  30229  19  y£ 

For  Prize-Goods            —             .  ......  .  377°  °  ° 

For  Fines  of  Delinquents,  at             -  3565  15  9 

For  Fines  in  Star-Chamber            —  -  —  —  o  o  o 

From  the  Commiffioners  of  fequeftered  ?  1  60  o  o 

From  the  Treafurers  at  Drury-Houfe    —  400     o     o 

Foreftalled  Debts          -  603     6     8 

From  the  Colle&ors  of  the  400000  /.  ? 

Subfidy  \  in   19  ioi 

For  the  Duty  of  One  per  Cent.          -         4382     911 
For  Fines  of  Leafes         —  •  26     4     o 

For  Goods  forfeited  for  Treafon  —  215     o     o 

For  Lands  feized  and  extended       •  .....  •  221   16     i 

For  Rent  of  Lands  -  —         1511     I     4 

For  the  Plymouth  Duty       —  •  -  500     o     o 

For  Sale  of  Woods         «  .....  —  58  10     o 

For  the  Duchy  of  Lancafler    —  —  649     8     o^ 

For  the  Torkjbire  Engagement        —  —  —  -  400     o     o 

Thefe  Duties  are  cafual,  and  many  of  them  are  expired,  and  the 
reft  are  declining  ;  and  tho'  fome  Money  may  be  raifed  and  got- 
ten in  upon  them,  towards  the  Payment  of  the  Public  Debts, 
yet  are  not  to  be  reckoned,  or  relied  upon,  as  an  annual  Income. 

J568648  '5    5* 


The  Income  of  Scotland. 

By  AffefTments  of  6000  /.  a  Month       —       72000     o     o 

By  Property  and  conftant  Rent,  pay-  1  0 

able  into  the  Exchequer  53^4  18 

By  Cafualty,  and  uncertain  Rent,  recei-  ~\ 
ved  by  Sheriffs,  and  accounted  for  in  the  >  576     3     5 

Exchequer  3 

By  Compofition  of  Signatories  in  the  1  , 

Exchequer  5 

By  Cuftoms  inward  andoutward,  and  by  ~\ 
the  Excife  of  Goods  imported,  in  Farm  to  >       1  2500     o    o 
Mr.  Nosl  3 


Of   ENGLAND. 

By  the  Cuftoms  of  Sea  Coal,  in  Farm  to^J 
Mr.  Nod,  with  the  Cuftoms  of  Sea  Coal  j 
in  England,  at  the  Rent  of  22OOO/.  a  Year;  1 
and  for  which  Mr.  Noel  affirms,  that  the  I 
Sum  of  22  r  6  /.  5  *.  $d.  is  paid  for  the  Coals  )> 
of  Scotland;  and  is  therefore  deducted  out 
of  that  Rent  in  the  Income  of  England  be- 
fore mentioned  ;  and  is  here  to  be  charged 
as  Part  of  the  Income  of  Scotland 

By  the  Excife  of  Foreign  Salt,  550 /.  a 
Year ;  and,  by  the  Excife  of  Inland  Salt, 
U24/.  9*.  $d.   in  all,   1674 /.  9*.  5^. 
which  Commodities  are  in  Farm  to  Mr. 
Noel,  with  the  Excife  of  the  Inland  Com-  I 
modifies  of  England,  under  the  yearly  Rent  ! 
of  65,0007.     And    is  therefore  deducted  " 
out  of  that  P»ent  in  the  Income  of  England 
before  mentioned,  and  is  here  to  be  charg'd 
as  Part  of  the  Income  of  Scotland 

By  the  Excife  of  Beer,  Ale,  and  Aqua- 
Vita? 

By  Forfeiture  of  Goods  uncuftomed  and 
uncxcifed 

By  the  Intcrcft  of  Money  fet  apart  for 
the  Judges  Salaries 

Anil  fo  the  whole  annual  Income  of 

Scotland  is 

The  Income  of  Ireland* 

By  the  AfiefTments  of  gooo/.  a  Month     - 
By  Cuftoms  and  Excife,  in  Farm         — 

By  Rents  of  Lands,  Houfes,  &V.     

By  Rents  of  Impropriations,  &c.       - 
By  Sheriffs  Accompts  ;  the  Hanaper  Ac 
compt,  with  Fines  and  Amerciaments 

And  fo  the  whole  annual  Income  of 
Ireland  is 


d. 


2216    5    4 


1674    9    5 


47444  13    4 
595  10  n 


1436$*  ii  n  , 


lOjSooo  O 

70000  o 

20679  o 

7611  o 

1500 


0      0 


207790    o    o 


The 


330  %?  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

The  Iflues  of  England. 

In  Pay  of  the  Army  of  England,  at  52867  /.  oj.  10^.  by  the 
Month,  according  to  the  Eftablifhment  hereafter  following  ; 


that  is  to  fay, 

«J  ' 

By  tbe  Month.                 By  the  Year. 

To  the  General  Officers  7 

t                         ^              /.      S.     d. 

of  the  Army                            ) 

639  n     4   1 

To    nine   Regiments    of  ~i 

Horfe,  each  Regiment  con-  / 
fifting  of  fix  Troops,   and  f* 

11709    12      0 

each  Troop  of  48  Soldiers     J 

To  the  Life-Guard  of  1  06  1 

Soldiers                                   \ 

1080  16    o 

To  eight  Regiments  and^) 

>35*743    6    o 

two   Companies    of   Foot;  1 

each  Regiment  confifting  of  ^ 

9415     6     4 

ten   Companies,    and   each  | 

Company  of  80  Soldiers       J 

To  the  Train  of  Artillery 

44  12     6 

To  divers  Garrifons  in  fe-  7 
veral  Places                             J 

6422    o    8 

In  Part  of  the  Pay  of  the  J 

H 

1 

Army  in   Scotland,    out  of  > 
the  Afleflments                        J 

11400    o     o 

•136800    o    o 

In  Part  of  the  Pay  of  the  J 

J 

Army  in  Ireland,  out  of  the  >• 
Afieflments                              3 

8000    o    o  C  96000    o    o 

In  Pay  of  the  Forces  of  ^ 

•J 

Jamaica,  confifting  of  1597  > 
Soldiers,  with  Officers             j 

4153    2    o-C  49837     4    o 

In  the  Pay  of  the  Forces  in  F/anders,  at  61517.  $s.  8d.  by  the 

Month,  according  to  the  E)ftablimment  hereafter  following  ; 

that  is  to  fay, 

By  tbe  Month.                 By  tbe  Ytar. 

To  a  Regiment  of  Horfe,  ^ 

/.       S.      d. 

confifting  of  fix  Troops,  and  £ 

2269     i     o^| 

each  Troop  of  95  Troopers  ) 

To   three  Regiments  of-j 
Foot,  each  Regiment  con-  / 
fifting  of  10  Companies,  and  f 
each  Company  of  90  Soldiers  J 

3357     4    o 

To  two  Majors  ;   one  for  ? 

9    6     8  J 

To 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.  331 

By  ib€  Mintl.  Ej  tbt  T<ar. 

/.        S.      d.  L  S.     J. 

To  the  Train  of  Artillery          266  14    <T| 

For  Contingencies         —  49     o     o  j     73815     8     O 

To  a  Minilter  per  Annum  2OO     o     O  [_ 

The"  whole  Pay  of  the  Ar-  )      Q  Q 

my  and  Forces  for  a  Year     \  "°8195   ' 

Betides  an  Allowance  of  Cloaths  to  the  Non-Coflamiffion  Of- 
ficers and  Foot  Soldiers  in  Flanders. 

In  the  Pay  of  the  ordinary  Guards  and  Fleets  at  Sea,  and  Build- 
ing of  Ships,  by  way  of  Eftimate  yearly,  as  followeth;  tl*t 
is  to  fay, 

E      N      G      LAND. 
For  the  Charge  of  7500  Men,  to  be  em-  J 

ployed  in  50  Ships,  for  a  Summer's  Guard  S-  2JOOOO     o     O 

for  feven  Months,  at  4/.  a  Man  per  Month  J 
For  the  Charge  of  5250  Men,  to  be  em-  1 

ployed  in  35  Ships,  for  a  Winter's  Guard  v  147000     O     O 

for  feven  Months,  at  4/.  a  Man  per  Month  j 

For  Building  of  Ships  yearly  -  4000     o     O 

In  the  Pay  of  the  Commiflioners  of  the  1 

Admiralty,  and  the  Commiffioners  of  the  >       7744     °     ° 

Navy,  and  the  Treafurers  of  the  Navy          3 
In  the  Pay  of  the  Standing  Officers  be-  1 

longing  to  the  Yards,  and  of  Ships  in  Har-  >       3628     6  10 

bours  j 

In  the  Pay  of  the  Officers  and  Seamen  ~) 

employed   in   the  Looking-to  of  Ships  in  >     45613  13     9 

Docks,  and  otherwife  unemployed  J  • 


The  whole  Charge  of  the  Navy  by  the  )    jI7Qg6     o     7 
Year  5 

In  Intcreft  paid  for  2680477.    igt.  6d.  J 
charged  upon  the  Receipt  of  the  Excife  by  S-     20585   13     7 
Acts  and  Ordinances  of  Parliament  for  aYear  3 

In  Expence  of  his  Highnefs's  Houfliold  >   IOOOOO     o     o 

In  Repair  of  his  Highncfs's  Houfes  yearly  5650     O     o 

In  Monies  advanced  to  the  Treafurer  of  I     27     6     6     8 
his  Highnefs's  public  Contingencies  5     -.549 

In 


'The  Parliamentary  HISTORV 

In  Allowances  to  public  Minifters  em-  7 
ployed  abroad  J 

In  Gifts  and  Rewards  —  ••• 

In  Payments  of  fundry  Natures,  as  by  a  1 
Particular  5 

In  Liberaties  of  the  Courts  at  the  Receipt  } 
of  the  Exchequer,  and  for  a  Defalcation  > 
upon  Sea  Coal  3 

In  Allowances,  Fees,  and  Salaries,  paid  3 
out  of  the  Exchequer  j 

In  Penfions  and  Annuities  paid  out  of  the  7 

Exchequer  j 

lln  Salaries  to  Judges  in  England  and  Wales^  ~\ 

and  aPenfion  of  5OO/.  yearly  paid  out  of  the  V 

Cuftoms  to  the  Earl  of  Nottingham  j 

In  Salaries,  Fees,  and  Charges,  incident  1 
and  extraordinary  in  managing  the  Excife  > 
yearly  ) 

In  the  like,  for  managing  the  Cuftoms  ? 
yearly  5 

In  the  like,  for  collecting  the  monthly'] 
y\fleflments  of  350007.  a  Month,  the  Sum  1 
of  7000 /.   and  for  the  Charges  and  Salaries  ^ 
cf  the  Committee  of  the  Army  and  Trea-  I 
furers  at  Wars,  82797.  9*.  id. 

In  the  like,  for  the  Committee  of  Appeals 

In  the  like,  for  the  Judges  and  other  Of-  J 
ficers  employed  in  the  Probate  of  Wills,  C 
and  incident  Charges  j 

In  the  like,  paid  by,  and  allowed  to,  the "» 
Clerk  of  the  Hanaper  in  ordinary,  751 7.  / 
7$.  tfd.  and  of  extraordinary  Payments,  f" 
31237.  19 s.  id.  J 

In  the  like  Fees  and  Allowances  to  the  1 
Receiver,  &ff.  of  the  Office  of  Alienations  > 

In  Fees  to  the  Officers  of  the  Mim,Hvith  7 

their  Diet  and  incident  Charges  5 

In   Officers    Salaries,    Rent,    and    other  1 

Charges  of  the  Office  of  Wine  Licences,  by  > 

Eftimate  3 

In  Fees  and  Allowances  to  the  Auditors  1 

and  Receivers  of  the  Revenue  5 


11089  I]c  2 

2262  12  2 

11734  12  8 

582  16  3- 

24674  7  7 


5897 


16286  13  4 


28178  3  u 


427H  3  5 


15279  9  2 


1800  o 
2584  10 


3875  6  n 


1044  17 
H54  19 


600 


4287  10 


Of    ENGLAND. 

In  Allowances  in  the  Pipe,  upon  Sheriffs'] 
Accompts,  by  Warrant  from  the  Commif-  j 
ftoners  of  the  Treafury,  and  Judgment  of  | 
the  Court  of  Exchequer  j  that  is  to  fay,  V 
for  cafual  Neceflaries  of  feveral  Natures,  ' 
24987.  14*.  lod.  for  apprehending  of  Fe- 
lons, 94.5 /.  and,  in  Fees  in  paffing  of  She- 
riffs Accompts,  2098.     In  all 

The  Sum  is 


533 

d. 


5541  14 


329320        8        6Tr 


The  whole  Iflues  of  England  for  a  Year     1455502     7     ii 

In  Pay  of  the  Army  in  Scotland,  at  208  ig/.  4*.  2.d.  by  the 
Month,  according  to  the  Eftablifhment  hereafter  following; 
that  is  to  fay, 

The  Iffues  of  Scotland, 

By  the  Month.  By  tie  Year. 

To  the  General  Officers  ; 
of  the  Army 

To    five   Regiments   of" 
Horfe,  each  Regiment  con- 
fifting of  fix  Troops,  and  I 
each  Troop  of  48  Soldiers  J 

To   ii  Regiments   and^) 
one  Company  of  Foot,  each  j 
Regiment  confifting  of  10  V  11900 
Companies,  and  each  Com-  j 
pany  of  70  Soldiers 

To  four  Companies  of  1 
Dragoons,  each  Company  > 
confifting  of  48  Dragoons  3 

To  the  Train  of  Artillery 

To  divers  Garrifons  i 
feveral  Places 


343  14 


6505    6    8 


2  .  4 


630  18     8 

50    19      2 

288     3     4 


^24983 


3  10    0 


To  defray  Contingencies  noo  o  o^ 
In  Salaries  to  the  Counfel  and  their  Officers 
In  contingent  Charge*  of  the  Counfel  — 
In  Salaries  to  the  Court  of  Exchequer  — - — 
In  the  contingent  Charges  of  the  Exchequer 

/n  Salaries  to  the  Courts  of  Juftice        

fn  contingent  Charges  of  the  Courts  of  Juftice 


9410 
350 

I883o3 


ii 
o 

4 
10 
4246     4 
4&5  12 


o 
o 
In 


334 


Parliamentary  HISTORY 


In  Salaries  to  the  Commiflioners  of  the  ) 
Cuitoms,  and  of  the  Excife  i        4I?7     ?     ° 

In  the  contingent  Charges   of  the  faid  > 
Commiflioners  \ 

In  Salaries  to  the  Court  of  Admiralty,  \  Q     o 

and  their  Officers  '     $ 

In  the  contingent  Charges  of  the  Admiralty          167   14.     i 

In  Charges  of  an  Hofpital  -         587    10     6 

In  Fire  and  Candles  to  Soldiers  for  Guards,  ) 
&c.  V        5297   19     4 

In  Penfions,  and  other  temporary  Con-  ) 
Agencies  J 

The  whole  Iflues  of  Scotland  for  a  Year        286458  18     6  ^ 


0 
89'5 


In  Pay  of  the  Army  in  Ireland,  at  237997.  us.  4^.  by  the 
Month,  according  to  the  Eftablifhment  hereafter  following  ; 
that  is  to  fay, 

The  liTues  of  Ireland. 

By  the  Msntb.  By  tbt  Tear. 

To  the  General  Offi-  1        , 
ccrsofthe  Army  f       Oj7     ' 

To  ii  Regiments  and  7 
!0  Companies  of  Foot        f  l 

To  fix  Regiments  and  ) 
\ 


three  Troops  of  Horfe 
To  .Regiment  ofDr.- 


o    o 


9293  19    4 


l8 


8     o 

4     Q 


To  a  Foot-Guard     -      155 

To  an  Hofpital     -       279 

To  Reparations  of  Gar-  > 
rifons  J 

In  the  Entertainment  of  the  Lord  Lieu-  1 
tenant  J 

In  Allowances  to  the  Counfel,  and  the  l 
Clerks  of  the  Counfel,  and  their  Clerks  and  £ 
Attendants  J 


l6 


0 
II 


7600     p     p 


In 


Of    ENGLAND. 

In  Allowances  to  the  Lord  Chancellor, 
and  the  Officers  of  the  Chancery 

In  Allowances  to  the  Lord  Chief  Juftice 
of  the  Upper  Bench,  and  two  Judges  and 
Clerks  of  the  Crown 

In  Allowances  to  the  Lord  Chief  Juftice  1 
of  the  Common  Pleas,  and  two  Judges,  and  > 
the  Prothonotary  3 

In  Allowance  to  the  Chancellor,  Chief  T 
Baron,  and  two  Barons  of  the  Exchequer,  ( 
with  other  Officers,  and  Payments  by  Li-  f 
berats  J 

In  Pay  and  Allowances  to  the  Juftices  of 
Affize  in  five  Circuits 

•In  Pay  to  the  Lord  Prefident  of  Connaught, 
and  two  Provoft-Marflials  of  Lemfter  and 
Munfter 

In  Pay  to  the  Overfeers  of  the  Hofpital  oH 
Dublin^  nine  Mufter-M.ifters,  five  Commif-  j 
Varies  of  Stores  to  the  Overfeers  of  the  > 
State's  Houfes;  with  an  Allowance  of  the  j 
Provofts  and  Fellows  of  Trinity  College  J 

In  Pay  of  eight  Receivers  of  the  Revenue 

In  Pay  to  28  Comptrollers  and  Search-  J 
ers  of  the  Cuftoms  5 

In  Penfions  to  maimed  Soldiers,  and  1 
Widows  and  Orphans  of  Soldiers  ) 

In  Allowances  and  Contingencies,  extra-  ) 
ordinary  Gratuities,  and  other  cafual  Iflues  $ 


335 

/.  5.       d. 

2258    o    o 


IO      O 


1007  IO    ° 


1991  15    p 


1000 

1887 


o    o 


o    o 


1807     8    4 


165 

1150 

3000 
8000 


0      P 

o    o 
o     o, 

o     o 


The  whole  Iflues  of  Ireland  for  a  Year         320493     8     3 


The  annual  Income  of  England  is     1568648   15     5^ 

The   annual   lilues   and   Expences   of  J 
England  *K  f    '4555Q2     7     'j 

The  Balance  is        ••  <-     -* 

The  annual  Income  of  Scotland  is 
The   annual  Iflues   and   Expences   of 
Scotland 

The  Balance  is         —         — - 


113146    8     4! 
ii  ii 
18     61 


286458 
142806 


6     7i 
"The" 


336 


'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 


The  annual  Income  of  Ireland  is         —     207790     o     o 
The   annual   liTues    and   Expcnces   of  1  Q 

The  Balance  is  112703  18     3 


The  annual  Income  of  England,  Scst-  1 
land,  and  Ireland,  is  J  'S*00*1  7  4* 

The  annual  JfTues  and  Expenccs  of  7 
England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland,  are  £  2C52454  1 3  Ir 


The  Balance  is 


132363     6 


541465   14     7 


51- 


The  State  of  the  Debts  of  the  Commonwealth  ;  that  is  to  fay, 

To  the  Navy,   to  November  i,   1658,") 
as  the  fame  is  certified  by  the  Commif- 
fioners  of  the  Admiralty  and  of  the  Navy, 
by  way  of  Eftimate  J 

To  the  Army  in  England,  to  March  29,  1 
1659,  as  the  fame  is  certified  by  the  Com-  >      223747     8 
rnittee  of  the  Army  3 

To  the  Army  in  Scotland,  to  March  29,  1 
1659,  as  the  fame  is  certified  by  the  Au-  >        93827.  13 
ditor  of  Scotland  J 

More  for  the  Citadel  of  Leith 

To  the  Army  in  Ireland,  to  Dec.  20, 
!  the  f 
Ireland 


1800    o    o 


ps  the  fame  is  certified  by  the  Council  of  >     299225     5     4 


More  to  pay  up  that  Army  to  March  29,  \ 
1659,  by  Eftimate  i 

To  the  Forces  in  Jamaica,  to  Feb.  I," 
1657,  1 03045 A  iSs.  lid.  as  by  a  Certi- 
ficate from  the  Treafurer  for  that  Service ; 
one  Third  Part  whereof  being  abated  for 
Provifions,  there  is  due  68697  ^  5  *•  J  J^«  i  • 
And  for  the  faid  Forces,  from  the  faid  ift 
of  February,  1657,  to  March  26,  1659, 
at  4I53/.  2  s.  per  Month,  for  15  Months, 
62296?.  18*.  out  of  which  one  Third  Part 
being  abated  for  Provifions,  as  before, 
there  is  due,  in  ths  Whole, 


71903  12 


110228  ti     3} 


Of    ENGLAND. 

To  feveral  Perfons,  for  Pro vi lions  for  } 
the  Forces  in  Flanders,  as  by  a  Certificate  > 
from  the  Commiflioners  of  the  Treafury  ) 

To  feveral  Perfons,  for  Monies  charged  T 
by  A&s  and  Ordinances  of  Parliament,  as  f 
by  the  Accompt  of  the  Commiffioners  of  f 
Excife  appears  *  J 

To  feveral  Perfons,  charged  upon  the  ~l 
Exchequer,  as  the  fame  is  certified  by  the  > 
Lords  Commiffioners  of  the  Treafury  3 

The  whole  Debt  at  prefent  is  

Befides  which  there  is  a  growing  Debt^j 
incurring  for  the  Navy  for  this   prefent  j 
Year's  Service,  determining  November  I, 
1659,  over  and  above  the  Sum  of  1432927. 
19  $.  8d.  ^,  which  is  already  received  to- 
wards   this   Service  j     and    the    Sum    of 
4179867.   os.   7  d.  allowed  for  the  ordi- 
nary Charge  of  the  Fleet,   as  in  the  Iflues 
of  this  Year  appears,  the  Sum  of 

And  further,  whereas  the  Iflues  and  Ex- 
pences  of  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
exceeded  the  Income  of  1323637.  6s.  6d.? 
as  by  the  Balance  of  the  Three  Nations  is  )> 
before  declared,  that  Sum  is  a  growing 
Debt  on  the  Commonwealth,  and  will  be 
due  before  the  End  of  the  Year 

The  whole  Debt  of  the  Public,  at  pre- 
fent, and  before  the  Year  end,  is,  and 
will  be 

That  is  to  fay,  In  the  prefent  Debts 
before-  mentioned 

In  the  growing  Debt  of  the  Navy  for 
this  prefent  Year 

In  the  Iflues  this  Year,  more  than  the 
Income 


337 
/. 


268047  19    .6 


124184  15    6 

1747584      2    10 


393832    8    p 


132363     6 


.   2273830     4 


5  4 


393882  8  o 


132393  6  6£ 

Befides  what  may  be  due  to  the  Forces  in  Flanders;  of  which 
there  is  no  Account  to  be  had. 

*  Mr.  Scaiven  further  reported,  That,  fince  the  ftating  and 

Drawing  up  of  this  Report,  the  Committee  had  received  fome 

VOL.  XXI,  Y  Papers 


338     'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  Papers  from  Flanders,  concerning  the  Arrears  due 

^J     *'        to  the  Forces  there  j  which  the  Committee  conceive, 

April^    upon  what  they  have  feen  of  them,  may  amount  to 

between  8  and  10,000 /.  which  is  to  be  added  to  the 

Debt  depending  upon  the  Foot  of  the  Accompt  now 

reported. 

'  The  Houfe  taking  Notice  of  the  great  Pains 
taken  by  the  Committee  who  brought  in  this  Report, 
and  of  their  Faithfulnefs  and  Exadnefs  in  the  ftating 
of  this  Accompt,  it  was  refolved,  &c.  '  That  the 
Thanks  of  this  Houfe  be  given  to  Mr.  Scawen^  and 
to  the  reft  of  the  Members  of  this  Houfe  of  the  faid 
Committee,  for  their  great  Pains,  Care,  and  Faith- 
fulnefs in  this  Service.' 

«  Mr.  Speaker  gave  the  Thanks  of  the  Houfe  to 
Mr.  Scawen^  and  to  the  reft  of  the  Members  of  the 
Houfe  that  are  of  this  Committee,  they  {landing  up 
in  their  Places  refpe&ively. 

«  Refolved,  &c.  That  the  Debate  upon  this  Re- 
port be  adjourned  untill  Saturday  Morning  next, 
and  then  taken  up  again  j  and  that  nothing  elfe  do 
then  intervene.' 

April  8.  Sir  Walter  Erie  reported  from  the  Com- 
mittee, to  whom  it  was  referred  to  confider  of  the 
Manner  of  transacting  with  the  Other  Houfe,  the 
Refolutions  of  the  faid  Committee.  The  firft  of 
which  was,  *  That  fiich  Meflages  as  lhall  be  fent 
from  this  Houfe  to  the  Other  Houfe,  fhall  be  carried 
by  Members  of  this  Houfe.'  Hereupon  a  Debate 
arofe,  and  it  being  put  to  the  Queftion,  the  Houfe 
divided,  and  it  went  in  the  Affirmative,  I36againft 
1 02.  The  fecond  Vote,  now  reported  from  the 
Committee,  was  in  thefe  Words,  *  That  fuch  Mef- 
fages  as  fhall  be  fent  from  the  Other  Houfe  to  this 
Houfe  fhall  not  be  received,  unlefs  brought  by 
Members  of  their  own  Number.'  This  occafioned 
another  Divifion  on  the  Queftion,  and  was  carried 
alfo  in  the  Affirmative  j  but  on  a  much  nearer  Di- 
vifion than  any  we  have  met  with  in  this  Parliament, 
being  only  by  127  againft  114, 

On 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       339 

On  the  fame  Day  a  Letter  from  his  Highnefs  In:«r. return, 
the  Lord  Protestor,  directed  To  our  Tru/iy  and 
Right  IVell- btlovtd  Thomas  Bampfield,  Efq-, 
Speaker  of  our  Houfe  of  Commons  ;  to  be  communi- 
cated to  the  Houfe.  Signed,  at  the  Head,  Richard  K 
and  dated  April  8,  1659,  was  this  Day  read  in  the 
Houfe.  The  Journals  Only  add,  That,  iff  the  faid 
Letter,  his  Hishnefs  reprefented  to  the  Parliament 
the  Humble  Keprcfentation  and  Petition  of  the 
General  Council  of  the  Officers  of  the  Armies  of 
England,  Scotland^  and  Ireland,  which  was  alfo 
read. 

It  is  necefTary  to  flop  here,  and  explain  the  Na- 
ture of  this  Petition  a  little  further  than  the  Journals 
do  ;  fince,  as  Whitlocke  fays,  it  was  the  Beginning 
<5f  Richard's  Fall.  It  was,  as  the  fame  Author  in- 
forms us,  to  fet  forth,  *  Their  Want  of  Pay,  the 
}nfolencies  of  the  Enemy,  and  their  Defigns,  to- 
gether with  fome  in  Power,  to  ruin  the  Army  and 
the  Good  old  Caufe,  and  to  bring  in  the  Enemies 
thereof;  to  prevent  which,  and  to  provide  againft 
Free  Quarter,  they  defired  his  Highnefs  to  advife 
with  the  Parliament,  and  to  provide  an  effectual 
Remedy.' 

Mr.  VWtlicke  adds,  '  That  this  Beginning  was  fct 
on  foot  by  Richard's  near  Relations,  Defareugbi 
who  married  his  Aunt,  and  FUttwiod,  who  married 
his  Sifter,  with  others  of  their  Party,  whilft  the 
Parliament  was  difputing  with  the  Other  Houfe, 
and  took  no  Care  to  provide  Money,  which  exaf- 
perated  the  Army,  and-  laid  the  Foundation  of  all 
their  Ruins.' 

Mr.  Ludloiv  tells  us,  *  That  thefe  Divifions  were 
not  confined  within  the  Walls  of  both  Houfes,  but 
broke  out  in  the  Army  itfelf ;  the  Officers  growing 
jealous  of  one  another,  and  were  divided  into  three 
Factions,  neither  of  thefe  much  fupcrior  in  Ntmi- 
ber  ;  that  one  Party  was  known  to  be  well  affected 
to  the  Cum mon wealth,  and  confifted  chiefly  of  the 
following  Officers,  viz.  Col.  AJkficU,  Col.  Lilb*rn, 
Col.  Fi'tz,  Lieut.  Col.  Mafon,  Lieut.  Col.  Jffife, 
JLicut. Col.  Far[eytzfi&MajotCrfe(t,  with  divers Cap- 
Y  2  tains, 


340     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  tains,  and  other  inferior  Officers.  A  fecond  Party 
1659.  was  known  by  the  Title  of  the  Waiting!  or  d-Houfe, 

^"""^T  ^  or  Army  Party,  who  had  advanced  Mr.  Richard 
Cromwell,  in  Expectation  of  governing  all  as  they 
pleafed  :  Of  thefe  were  Lieut.  Gen.  Fleetwcod,  Col. 
De/borough,  Col.  Sydenham,  Col.  Clark ,  Col.  Kelfey, 
Col.  Berry,  Major  Haines,  Treafurer  Blackwell, 
and  fome  others.  The  third  Party  was  that  of  Mr. 
Richard  Cromwell;  who,  having  caft  off  thofe  that 
had  taken  the  Pains  to  advance  him,  joined  himfelf 
to  Men  that  were  more  iuitable  to  his  Inclinations ; 
fuch  were  Col.  Ingoldjby,  Col.  Cough,  Col.  Whal- 
ley,  Col.  Howard,  Col.  Goodrich,  Lieut.  Col.  Ktlns, 
with  many  others,  and  more  particularly  thofe  that 
were  Officers  in  the  Scots  and  Irijh  Forces  :  But 
his  Cabinet  Council  were  the  Lord  Broghill,  Dr. 
Wilkins,  and  Col.  Philip  'Jones?  To  thefe  he  might 
have  added  Mr.  Commiilioner  Wbitlocke  ;  who,  as 
himfelf  writes,  was  of  this  Cabinet  Council,  and 
always  declared  his  Judgment  honeftly,  and  for  the 
Good  of  Richard^  whenever  his  Advice  was  requi- 
red. 

But  as  it  hath  been  hitherto  our  Cuftom  not  to 
content  ourfelves  with  Abridgements,  but  when- 
ever we  could  find  the  Originals,  to  give  them  at 
large,  we  fubjoin  the  following  Petition,  taken  from 
a  Pamphlet  of  thefe  Times,  in  our  Collection. 

To  his  Highnefs  RICHARD,  Lord  Protestor  cf  the 
Commonwealth  ^/England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland, 
and  the  Dominions  and  Territories  thereunto  be- 
longing, 

The  humble  REPRESENTATION  and  PETITION  of 
the  General  Council  of  the  Oncers  of 'the  Armies  of 
England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland. 

The  Army's  Pe-'  TJAving,  as  Members  of  the  Army,  often  fo- 

titiontothpPro-t  Jrj_  lemnly  declared,  not  without  Appeals  to 

or*  «  God  for  our  Sincerity  therein,  That  we  did  en- 

'  gage,  in  Judgment  and  Confcience3  for  the  juft 

4  Rights 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       341 

c  Rights  and  Liberties,  Civil  and  Religious,  of  our  Inter-regnum. 
'  Countries,  and  not  as  a  mercenary  Army :  Had  .^5  ^  ^ 

*  we  not  been  very  jealous  of  our  Reputation,  and        A  ry 
'  careful  to  avoid  Sufpicion,  which  our  many  Adver- 

e  faries  have  endeavoured  to  bring  upon  us,  as  if  we 
'  were  apt  to  intermeddle  with  Matters  not  relating 

*  to  an  Army,  we  had,  before  this  Time,  made 
'joint  and  public  Application  to  your  Highnefs ; 
'  therein  fetting  forth  what  immediately  concerns 
'  ourfelves,  with  reipeil  to  the  crying  Neceffities  of 
'  the  Armies,  for  want  of  Pay  ;  and  withall  to  have 
'  munifefted    our    fervent   Dellres,   that   our  good 

*  Caufe,  in  the  Behalf  of  thelc  Nations,  might  have 
'  received  renewed  Strength  and  Countenance  from 

*  your  Highnefs  and  this  prefent  Parliament. 

*  But  your  Highnefs  is  our  Witnefs,  how  peace- 
'  ably,  how  filently,  we  have  fuftered,  as  to  what 
'  concerns   the  Armies  Wants  ;    or  what  might 

*  otherwife  become  us,  in  the  Behalf  of  thefc  Na- 
'  tions,  to  have  laid  before  your  Highnefs. 

*  Yea,  we  have  been  filent  fo  long,  that  we  fear 
'  it  has  been  a  Difadvantage  to  our  Caufe,  and  bred, 

*  though  we  hope  groundlefs,  Jealoufies  of  us  in 
'  many  of  our  Friends ;  and  untill  we,  and  all  that 

*  is  dear  to  us,  and  the  Intereft  we  have  fo  long 

*  contended  for,  is  in  Danger  to  be  loft;  to  the 

*  utter  Ruin  and  Subverfion  of  your  Highnefs,  to- 
'  gether  with  the  Peace  and  Welfare  of  thefe  Na- 
4  tions.     But  being  now,  under  the  Senfe  of  immi- 
'  nent  Dangers  and  Neceffities,  awakened  ;  and  alfo 
'  finding  that  your  Highnefs,  by  the  fitting  of  this 
'  Parliament,  is  in  a  Capacity  to  provide  againft  the 
'  approaching  Danger ;  and  upon  Confultation  with 
'  each  other,  and  communicating  what  has  come 
'  to  our  Knowledge  of  public  Concernment,  and 

*  the  prefent  State  of  the  Armies,  having  unani- 
'  moufly  agreed  it  to  be  our  Duty  to  God,  to  your 

*  Highnefs,  and  our  Fidelity  to  our  Country,  fub- 

*  miflively,  and  as  becomes  us  in  our  Stations,  to 

*  make  our  Application  to  your  Highnefs,  we  hope 

*  it  will  not  be  interpreted  an  Interruption  to  any 

*  other  public  Concernments  under  Confideration  ; 

Y  3  « and 


342       tfhe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

tnter-regnum.  <  and  do  therefore,  in  a  deep  Senfe  of  Mifery  and 
1     *'        '  Judgment  threatened,  and  Purfuance  of  our  Duty, 
'  in  all  Humility,  reprefent, 

'  That  the  good  old  Caufe  againft  Tyranny  and 

*  intolerable  Oppreffion,  in  Matters  Civil  and  Reli- 

*  gious,  whereupon  we  firft  engaged,  and  unto  which 
'  the  Lord  hath,  in  fuch  a  continued  Series  of Provi- 
'  dence,  given  fo  fignal  a  Teftimony,  and  for  the  car- 

*  rying  on  whereof  there  hath  been  fuch  a  plentiful 

*  pouring  forth  of  Treafures,  Prayers,  Tears,  and 
'  Blood,  during  the  late  War,  (in  the  Difficulties  and 
c  Dangers  whereof  we  alfo,  the  living  Monuments  of 
'  Patience  and  Mercy,  have  had  our  Shares)  is  very 

*  frequently  and  publickJy  derided  and  reproached  ; 

*  and   the   implacable  Adverfaries   thereof  promife 

*  themfelves  to  be  fo  far  in  Pofleflion  and  Matters 
'  thereof,  that  they  begin  to  appear  every  where 

*  vifible  amongft  us,  and  to  mix  themfelves  in  the 

*  midft  of  thofe  Places  where  that  Caufe  was  wont 

*  to  receive  its  chiefeft  Countenance  and  Shelter. 

*  Many  old  Cavaliers,  and  Officers  under  the  late 

*  King,  and  Charles  Stuart,  his  Son,  having  lately 

*  transported  themfelves  out  of  Flanders  and  other 

*  Places  into  this  Nation,  have  their  frequent  Meet- 
«  ings  in  and  near  the  City  of  London.  Thofe  who  alfo 

*  ferved  under  the  late  King,  and  fuch  as  have  al- 

*  ways  {hewed  themfelves  difaffe&ed  to  that  famous 
'  Long  Parliament,  and  ever  fince  to  the  Caufe  and 
'  Intereft  of  this  Commonwealth,  and  leek  the  Ruin 

*  of  this  prefent  Government,  have  their  frequent 

*  Meetings  in  feveral  Counties  of  this  Nation;  grow 

*  very  infolent,  offer  many  Affronts  and  Aflaults  tQ 

<  fuch  as  have  been  and  are  faithful  Servants  to  this 

*  Commonwealth.      Papers   are   fcattered  up  and 

<  down,  containing  Lifts  of  eminent  AiTerters  of  the 

*  public  Intereft  of  this  Nation,  fuch  as  were  the 

*  actual  Triers  of  the  late  King,  and  by  whom  he 

*  was  brought  to  condign  Punifhment,  as  if  they 
*-  were  defigned  and  marked  out  for  Deftrudion. 

*  Encouragement  is  taken  for  the  Profecution  of  fe- 

*  veral  well -affected  Perfons,  and  Suits  commenced 

*  againft  them  at  the  Common  Law,  for.Matters  by 

*  them 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       343 

*  them  tranfadtcd  as  Soldiers,  by  Command  from  Inter-regnum. 

*  their  Superiors,  in  order  to  the  Safety  and  Sccu- 
c  rity  of  the  Nations.     The  famous  A£tions  of  the 

*  Parliament,  his  late  Highnefs  of  bleflcd  Memory, 

*  and  the  Army  in  and  fince  the  Year  1648,  vilified 

*  and  evil  fpoken  of  j  particular  Perfons  frequently 

*  daring  to  fpealc  againft  the  Authority  of  Parlia- 

*  ment,  and  to  call  all  their  Proceedings,  and  of 
'  fuch  as  acted  in  Obedience  to  them,  illegal  and 

*  unwarrantable.     So  that,  upon   the   whole,   we 

*  evidently  fee  there  is  but  even  a  Step  betwixt  the 
'  Public  Caufe  of  thefe  Nations,  wherein  we  have 
'  been  fo  fignally  blefled  and  owned  of  God  and 

*  good  Men,  and  the  Death  thereof;  and  that  it  is 

*  not  likely  to  expire  without  a  fure  Prefage  of  the 
«  fad  Funerals  of  the  dear,  and  never-to-be-enough 

*  valued,  Peace  of  thefe  our  native  Countries. 

*  And  that  our  Enemies  may  want  nothing  that 
'  can  ftrengthen  their  Hopes,  it  fo  happens  that  the 

*  Armies  are  already  under  great  Extremities  for 
'  want  of  Pay,  and  notwithstanding  their  Condition 
'  hath  been  reprefented,  yet  no  effectual  Remedy 
'  hath  been  applied  ;  our  Enemies  may  hope  Dif- 

*  content  will  be  the  more  eafily  raifed,  if  the  Ar- 
'  mies  mould  unavoidably  be  neceffitated  upon  Free 

*  Quarter.     Divifions  in  the  Armies  have  been  at- 
'  tempted  and  well  near  effected,  when  their  Wants 

*  have  not  been  like  to  what  is  now  upon  them : 
'  The  Officers  Purfes  being  generally  emptied  by 

*  their  Loans  to  the  Soldiers,  their  Credits  to  the 
'  Victuallers  extended  to  the  utmoft  ;  the  poor  Sol- 

*  dicr  fometimes  inforced  to  fell  his  expected  Pay 

*  much  under  the  Value  thereof,  for  ready  Money 

*  to  buy  Bread  ;  and  the  great  and  unufual  Morta- 

*  lity  of  Horfes  in  the  Army  (infomuch  that  many 
«  Troopers  have  been  forced  to  buy  twice  over) 
4  having  brought  the  Horfe  of  this  Army  under  ex- 

*  ceeding  great  Extremities :  And  as  by  thefe  Means 

*  the  Adverfaries  to  the  Peace,  Settlement,  Profperity, 
'  Civil  and  Religious  Liberty  of  thefe  Nations,  are 
'  grown  very  confident  and  high  in  their  Expedta- 

*  tions  and  Attempts,  (and,  as  we  are  perfuaded, 

*  ready 


344     ^  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter -regnum,  '  ready  to  betake  themfelves  to  their  Arms  again)  fo 
16 59-        '  likewife  many  Friends  thereof  are  exceedingly  dif- 
«  couraged. 

*  We  cannot  but  bewail  our  own  great  Failings 
'  and  Turnings  afide,  and  whenever  we  have  back- 
'  fliden,  we  have  Caufe,  and  defire,  to  take  Shame 
4  to  ourfelves :  And  do  therefore,  for  the  ftrength- 
'  cning  of  your  Highnefs  and  Parliament,  for  the  re- 
'  viving  the  Hearts  of  our  faithful  Friends,  and  the 
c  Vindication  of  our  own  Integrity  againft  all  Cen- 
'  fures  and  Jealoufies,  afiert,  That  we  are  now,  as 
'  ever,  equally  endeared  to  our  good  old  Caufe,  and 

*  utter  Enemies  to  all  Tyranny,  Oppreflion,  and  Di- 
'  fturbance  of  the  Public  Peace,  under  what  Pretences 
'  foever:  And,  thro'  the  Lord's  Afliftance,  refolved, 
'  whilft  our  Lives  and  prefent  Capacities  are  con- 

*  tinued  to  us,  to  ftand  by  and  affift  your  Highnefs 

*  and  Parliament,  in  the  plucking  the  Wicked  out 
'  of  their  Places,  wherefoever  they  may  be  difco- 

*  vered,  either  amongft  ourfelves  or  any  other  Places 

*  of  Truft ;  the  Reformation  of  Law  and  Manners, 
'  fo  frequently  declared  for,  and  fo  earneftly  ex- 

*  pedted,  by  all  fober  and  unbiaffed  Men  ;  opening 
'  the  Courfe  of  Juftice  and  Bowels  of  Mercy,  en- 
'  couraging  the  Ways  of  Holinefs,  and  putting  a 

*  Stop  to-  the  Inundation  of  Malignancy  and  Pro- 
'  fanenefs. 

'  All  which,  as  it  hath  been,  in  Duty  and  Faith- 
c  fulnefs,  by  us  reprefented,  fo  we  humbly  pray, 
'  That  your  Highnefs,  taking  into  your  ferious 
'  Confideration  the  fad  Condition  of  the  Armies, 

*  and  Danger  of  the  Nations,  both  from  the  great 

*  Want  of  Pay  and  the  Activity  of  our  common 

*  Enemy,  will  be  pleafed  to  reprefent  thefe  Things, 

*  which  we  have  herein  laid  before  your  Highnefs, 

*  to  the  Parliament,  with  our  humble  Dtfire  and 

*  Prayer,  that  a  fpeedy  Supply  be  made  for  the  Ar- 
f  mies ;  that  their  paft  Arrear  may  be  fatisfied,  and 
'  Care  taken  for  their  conftant  future  Pay,  fo  long 

*  as  it  {hall  be  thought  fit  to  continue  them ;  as  alfo 

*  that  Satisfaction  be  given  to  the  Militia  Forces  j 

*  and  that  there  may  be  fuch  a  public  Afferting  of 

'  our 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       345 

*  our  good  old  Caufe,  and  Juftification  and  Con-  /nter-regmim. 
4  firmation  of  all  Proceedings  in  Profecution  and        1659- 

'  Maintenance  thereof,  and  Declaration  againft  its  ^  ~**m~'*4 
'  Enemies,  as  may,  for  the  future,  deter  all  Perfons        A?rii' 

*  from  (peaking  or  attempting  any  thing  to  the  Pre- 
<  judice  thereof,  or  of  the  Perfons  that  have  acted 

*  "in  Profecution  of  it,  and  afford  prefent  Security  to 
'  the  Civil  and  Religious  Rights  and  Liberties  of 

*  thefe  Nations,  and  the  Peace  thereof;  and  that 

*  the  Liberty  of  good  and  well  affe&ed  People,  in 

*  repairing  with  Freedom  to  their  Meetings  for  the 

*  Worihip  of  God  (of  late  much  violated  by  inditing 
'  and  iniprifoning  many  of  their  Perfons)  may  be 
«  itiJJ  aflerted  and  vindicated,' 

Now  to  proceed  with  the  Journals  :  — — 

From  the  gth  to  the  I3th  of  April  the  Commons 
were  again  bufy  about  the  Public  Revenue,  and 
examining  the  Farmers  of  it  in  various  Branches, 
which  we  omit,  as  not  much  to  our  Purpofe ;  and 
becaule  all  their  Inquifitions  ended  in  doing  nothing. 
Some  other  Bufmefs  was  alfo  entered  into,  but  of  as 
Jittle  Confequence  as  the  other,  till 

April  14.  When  it  was  refolved,  *  That  a  Mem- 
ber of  this  Houfe  be  appointed  to  carry  the  Decla- 
tion,  concerning  the  Public  Faft,  to  the  Perfons  fit- 
ting in  the  Other  Houfe,  for  their  Concurrence.' 

Mr.  Grove  was  the  Member  agreed  on  for  that 
Office ;  but,  before  he  went  up,  a  Queftion  was 
put,  '  Whether  Mr.  Grove^  when  he  had  delivered 
this  Meflage  to  the  Perfons  fitting  in  the  Other 
Houfe,  (hall  return  to  this  Houfe  without  flaying 
for  any  Anfwer  .'*  The  Houfe  divided,  and  the 
Numbers  were  found  to  be  100  for,  and  144  againft 
it. 

Mr.  Grove  being  returned  from  the  Other  Houfe, 
gave  this  Account  of  his  EmbafTy,  «  That,  in  Obe- 
dience to  the  Commands  of  this  Houfe,  he  had  de- 
livered to  them  in  the  Other  Houfe,  the  Declara- 
tion for  a  Public  Faft,  for  their  Concurrence  there- 
unto: 


346     *Tbe  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Intcr-regnum.  unto :  That,  a  little  Time  after  himfelf  and  other 

1659.        Members  of  this  Houfe,  who  accompanied  him  to 

v*»v*»J    deliver  his  Meflage,  and  went  with  him  into  the 

April.        Other  Houfe,  were  withdrawn,  they  were  called  in 

again,  and  received  this  Anfwer  from  them  of  the 

Other  Koufe,  '  That  they  would  fend  an  Anfwer 

by  Meflengers  of  their  own.' 

April  15.  The  Members  being  met  in  the  Houfe 
this  Morning,  and  the  Mace  placed  below,  under 
the  Table,  they  were  informed,  That  Mr.  Chaloner 
Chute,  who,  at  the  firft  Meeting  of  the  Parliament, 
was  chofen  their  Speaker,  was  dead,  Mr.  Cooper, 
the  Minifter  appointed  to  perform  the  Duty  of 
Prayer  with  the  Houfe  on  Mornings,  was  called  in 
to  Prayers ;  and  Prayer  being  ended,  and  the  Mini- 
fter withdrawn,  the  feveral  Members,  fitting  in 
their  Places,  confider'd  of  the  Choice  of  a  new 
Speaker :  And,  upon  Confideration  of  the  Expe- 
rience the  Houfe  had  of  the  great  Integrity  and 
Ability  of  Mr.  Thomas  Bampfield,  who  was  called 
to  the  Chair,  to  fupply  the  Speaker's  Place  during 
the  Abfence  and  Indifpofition  of  Mr.  Chute ,  the  late 
Speaker,  now  dead,  and  what  good  Service  he  had 
done  the  Houfe,  efpecially  in  the  Prefervation  of  the 
antient  Orders  thereof,  it  was  propounded  to  the 
Houfe,  That  Mr.  Bampfield  might  be  continued  in 
their  Service,  and  that  he  might  be  chofen  Speaker 
accordingly. 

Mr.  Bampfield,  Handing  up  in  his  Place,  firft  ac- 
knowledged to  the  Houfe  the  great  Honour  that  was 
put  upon  him,  in  calling  him  to  the  Chair  before, 
upon  Mr.  Speaker  Chute's  Sicknefs  and  Indifpofition ; 
and  endeavoured  to  excufe  himfelf,  upon  the  Reafons 
of  the  Experience  the  Houfe  had  of  his  Unfitnefs  for 
their  Service,  and  defired  Mr.  Edward  Turner,  a 
Perfon  of  great  Abilities,  and  Fitnefs  for  their  Ser- 
vice, might  be  chofen  their  Speaker  :  But  Mr.  Tho- 
mas Bampfield  being  generally  call'd  on  by  the  Houfe, 
he  was  brought  to  the  Chair  by  Sir  Walter  Erie 
and  Mr.  Careiv  Raleigh',  and,  being  fet  in  the 
Chair,  and  the  Mace  placed  on  the  Table  by  the 

Ser- 


Of    ENGLAND.       347 

Serjeant,  as  is  ufual,  the  Iloufc  proceeded  on  their  iMer- regnom. 
Bulinefs  as  formerly.  ,,^f— '    i 

April  1 6.  A  Paper,  written  «n  the  Outfide  there- 
of with  thefe  Words,  For  the  Speaker  of  the  Com- 
mons affembled  in  Parliament ;  thefe  art  for  him  t» 
read  to  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  was  this  Day  read  ; 
and,  upon  the  Reading  thereof,  the  fame,  amongft 
other  Things,  referred  to  another  Paper,  intituled, 
A  Declaration  to  the  Parliament,  &c.  delivered  the 
ttb  Day  of  the  fecond  Month,  called  April,  1659, 
to  the  then  Speaker  of  the  faid  Haufe.  The  faid 
Papers  were  prefented  by  certain  Perfons,  who  arc 
commonly  called  Quakers. 

'  Refolved,  fcfr.  That  the  Anfwer  to  be  given  t« 
the  Paper  now  read,  and  the  Paper  thereby  referred 
to,  be  as  followeth,  viz.  That  this  Houfe  hath  read 
their  Paper,  and  doth  declare  their  Diflike  of  the 
Scandals  thereby  call  upon  Magiftracy  and  Miniftry, 
and  doth  therefore  oruer,  That  they  do  forthwith 
refort  to  their  rcfpc&ive  Habitations,  and  there  ap- 
ply themfclves  to  their  Callings,  and  fubmit  them- 
felves  to  the  Laws  of  the  Nation,  and  the  Magiftra- 
cy they  live  under. 

The  Queftion  being  put,  That  the  Serjeant  at 
Arms  attending  this  Houfe  do  return  the  aforefaid 
Anfwer  to  the  Perfons  that  prefented  the  aforefaid 
Papers  to  the  Houfe,  it  pafied  with  the  Negative. 

The  Serjeant,  by  the  Command  of  the  Houfe, 
was  directed  to  call  in  Thomas  Moore,  John  Crook9 
and  Edward  Byllyng,  three  of  the  Perfons  that 
figned  the  Paper  mentioned  to  be  delivered  the  6th 
of  this  Inrtant  April,  to  receive  the  faid  Anfwer  at 
the  Bar  of  the  Houfe  ;  and  to  take  off  their  Hats  be- 
fore they  come  within  the  Door  of  the  Houfe  :  And, 
Thomas  Moore  being  abfent,  the  faid  John  Crock  and 
Edward  Byllyng  were  brought  in  to  the  Bar,  with 
their  Hats  oft':  And  Mr.  Speaker,  by  the  Command 
of  the  Houfe,  declared  to  them,  {landing  at  the  Bar, 
the  aforefaid  Anfwer  accordingly. 

*  Refolved,  faff.  That  the  Clerk  do  take  Care  that 
the  Anfwer  given  by  the  Houfe  this  Day  to  the  Pa- 
pers 


348     7he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Tnter-regnum,  pers  prefented  to  the  Houfe  by  the  Perfons  com- 
*     ''        monly  called  Quakers,  be  forthwith  printed.' 

The  Army  now  began  to  be  formidable  to  the 
two  Houfes  at  Wejlminfter^  and  therefore  the  Com- 
mons thought  proper  to  attack  them  in  their  Way, 
and  prevent,  if  poffible,  their  being  turned  out  of 
Doors,  as  their  Predeceflbrs  had  been  before  them, 
by  thofe  Red -Coat  Patriots,  who  carry  always  the 
Argumenium  Baculinum  along  with  them. 

April  1 8.  This  Day,  being  Monday,  the  Houfe, 
immediately  after  Prayers,  ordered  their  Doors  to 
be  (hut  in,  and  none  of  the  Members  fuffered  to  go 
out  without  Leave.  A  Queftion  was  then  propofed 
and  put,  '  That,  during  the  fitting  of  the  Parlia- 
ment, there  mail  be  no  General  Council,  or  Meet- 
ings, of  the  Officers  of  the  Army,  without  the  Di- 
reftion,  Leave,  and  Authority,  of  his  Highnefs  the 
Lord  Protector  and  both  Houfes  of  Parliament.'  On 
this  Queftion  the  Houfe  divided,  and  it  was  carried 
in  the  Affirmative,  163  to  87.  Another  Refolution 
was  alfo  agreed  to,  without  any  Divifion,  *  That 
no  Perfon  (hall  have,  or  continue,  any  Command  or 
Truft,  in  any  of  the  Armies  or  Navies  of  England^ 
Scotland^  or  Ireland^  or  any  the  Dominions  or  Ter- 
ritories thereunto  belonging,  who  {hall  refufe  to 
fubfcribe,  That  he  will  not  difturb,  nor  interrupt, 
the  free  Meetings  in  Parliament,  of  any  the  Mem- 
bers of  either  Houfe  of  Parliament,  or  the  Freedom 
in  their  Debates  and  Counfels.'  Refolved,  alfo, 
*  That  the  Concurrence  of  the  Other  Houfe  be  de- 
fired  to  thefe  Votes  ;  and  that  Mr.  John  Stephens  do 
carry  them  to  that  Houfe.' 

The  Commons  next  voted,  That  they  would 
take  into  Confideration  how  the  Arrears  of  the 
Armies  and  Navies  might  be  fpeedily  fatisfied  the 
next  Morning.  They  likewife  ordered  in  a  Bill, 
For  indemnifying  all  fuch  as  had  acted  under  the 
Parliament  and  Commonwealth.  The  Attorney 
and  Solicitor  General  to  prepare  and  bring  in  the 
fame.  And  the  Houfe  being  then  informed,  That 

divers 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      349 

divers  People,  who  had  been  in  Arms  againft  the  Inter-rpgnu 
Parliament,  and  other  dangerous  Perfons,  had  rcfort- 
cd  of  late  to  the  City  of  London,  and  Parts  adjacent, 
the  Houfe  referred  it  to  a  Committee,  then  named, 
to  propofe  fome  effectual  Way,  how  his  Highnefs, 
the  Parliament,  and  Nation,  might  be  fecured 
againft  any  Attempts  from  them.  To  meet  about 
the  fame,  at  Six  o'Clock  this  Evening,  in  the  Speak- 
er's Chamber. 

The  next  Day,  April  19,  Mr.  Annejley^  from 
the  aforefaid  Committee,  delivered  in  a  Declara- 
tion, ready  drawn,  to  the  Houfe,  requiring  all  fuch 
dangerous  Perfons  to  depart  the  Cities  of  London 
and  Weftminfttr^  and  late  Lines  of  Communica- 
tion, to  the  Diftance  of  twenty  Miles.  This  was 
read  firft,  intirely,  and  afterwards,  in  Parts  j  and  it 
was  after,  with  fome  Amendments  and  Alterations, 
agreed  to  by  the  Houfe. 

Mr.  Stephens  reported  the  Anfwer  from  the  Other 
Houfe  to  the  Votes  he  carried  up  to  them,  the 
Day  before,  *  That  they  would  take  the  fame  into 
Confideration,  and  return  an  Anfwer  thereunto  by 
Meflengers  of  their  own.'  But  no  Anfwer  to  any 
of  thefe  Matters,  fo  fent  up  to  the  Other  Houfe, 
ever  came  from  them  again  j  for, 

April  20,  and  the  Day  after,  we  find  nothing  of 
it  in  the  Journals  ;  the  Commons  bufying  themfelves 
in  fettling  the  Public  Revenue ;  except  agreeing  up- 
on a  Title  to  a  lat«  Declaration,  which  feems  to 
have  been  forgot  before  j  and, 

April  22.  After  appointing  a  Committee  to  at- 
tend his  Highnefs  to  defire  him  to  pay  Mr.  Cowpert 
their  Minifter,  Fifty  Pounds,  for  his  great  Labour 
and  Pains  in  performing  the  Duty  of  Prayer  daily 
in  the  Houfe,  fince  the  Meeting  of  this  Parliament, 
the  Houfe  feems  to  be  in  a  great  Buftle.  But  what 
is  faid  of  it  in  the  Journals  is  only  this,  '  That  the 
Houfe  taking  Notice,  that  fome  of  their  Members 

went 


350     ¥he  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter- reg num.  went  out  of  the  Houfe,  it  was  ordered,  That  thoie 
Gentlemen,  who  now  went  out,  fhould  be  called  in 

*-~  7^7 ^  again  to  give  their  Attendance  in  the  Houfe.  Alfo, 
That  none  of  the  Members  do  depart  without  Leave 
of  the  Houie  ;  and  that  all  Strangers  be  commanded, 
forthwith,  to  depart  out  of  thelyobby,  or  outward 
Room,  before  the  Parliament  Door;  and  that  none 
but  fuch  as  are  Members  be  fuffered  to  come  in, 
and  the  Door  of  the  faid  outward  Room  be  kept 
fliut.  Laftly,  it  was  refolved,  That  this  Houfe  be 
adjourned  untill  Monday  Morning  next,  the  25th 
Inftant ;  and  was  adjourned  accordingly.' 

In  the  mean  Time  the  following  Proclamation 
Was  publifhed  for  their  Difiblution. 

By  the  Lord  ProteSior. 

*  "T  T  THereas  we  fummoned  our  High  Court  of 

*  \\     Parliament  to  aflemble  and  meet  together 

*  at  our  City  of  Weftminjler?  the  2yth  of  "January 
4  laft,  which  hath  continued  untill  this  prefent  Day; 

*  and  whereas  we  did,  by  our  Commiifton  under  the 
'  Great  Seal  of  England^  bearing  Date  at  IFfftmin- 
*Jler  this  prefent  22d  Day  of  April,  for  divers  weigh- 

*  ty  Reafons,  declare  our  Pleafure  and  Refolution  to 

*  diflblve  the  faid  Parliament ;  and  to  that  End  did 
'  thereby  conftitute  and  appoint  our  Right  Trufty  and 
'  Well- beloved  Counfellor  Nathaniel  Fiennes,  one 
'  of  the  Lord  Keepers  of  our  Great  Seal  of  England^ 
'  and  others  ourCommifiioners,  in  our  Names,  this 

*  faid  prefent  22d  Day  of  April?  to  diflblve  our  faid 
'  Parliament,    which  was  by  them  done  according 

*  to  the  Tenor  of  the  faid  Commiflion,  in  the  ufual 

*  Place ;  and  by  Virtue  thereof  our  Parliament  is 

*  abfolutely  diflolved  ;    neverthelefs  we  thought  it 
<  neceflary,  with  the  Advice  of  our  Privy  Council,  by 

*  this  our  Proclamation,  topublifh  and  make  known 
«  the  fame,  to  the  End  all  Perfons  whom  it  may 

*  concern  may  take  Notice  thereof. 

Given  at  Whitehall  the  22d  «/ April,  Anno  1659. 

Thefe  confufed  Hints  are  all  the  Journals  afford 
us  relating  to  the  DHTolution  of  this  Parliament ;  a 


Of   ENGLAND.       351 

Cataftrophe,  which  abfolutely  put  an  End  to  Rich" 
artfs  (hort-liv'd  Empire,  and  greatly  paved  the  Way 
for  the  enfuing  Reiteration  of  the  Royal  Family. 
A  particular  Inquifition,  therefore,  is  very  neceflaryj 
in  this  Place,  into  the  Memorialifts,  Hiftorians, 
and  old  Pamphlets  of  thofe  Times,  in  order  to  clear 
up  thefe  obftrufe  Affairs,  never  yet  thoroughly  in- 
veftigated. 

To  begin  then  :  The  Heats  and  Animofitics  be- 
tween the  two  Houfes  were  the  principal  Caufe  of 
this  fmall  Revolution  ;  for  had  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons gone  upon  raifmg  of  Money,  to  fatisfy  thtf 
greedy  Appetites  of  the  Soldiery,  inftead  of  quarrel- 
ling with  one  another,  and  difputing  the  Legality  of 
the  Other  Houfe,  the  Army  would  never  have  re- 
belled againft  them,  and,  once  more,  turned  them 
out  of  Doors.  IVbitlocke  tells  us,  '  That  it  was  Ha- 
filriggt  and  Nevile,  and  their  Party,  who  laboured 
to  overthrow  the  Government  by  a  Protector  and 
two  Houfes  of  Parliament,  and  bring  in,  what  they 
called,  a  free  Commonwealth  :  That  feveral  Officers 
of  the  Army,  particularly  Dejborough,  Fleetwood^ 
and  Lambert,  joined  with  them  in  this  Work.  He 
adds,  That  Richard  advifed  with  him,  and  others 
of  his  Privy  Council,  whether  it  was  fit  to  diflblve 
this  Parliament  or  not.  Moft  of  them  were  for  it, 
but  Whitlocke  doubted  the  Succefs  of  it,  and  wiflied 
a  little  longer  Permiffion  to  their  Sitting  ;  efpecially 
now  they  had  begun  to  confider  of  raifmg  Money, 
whereby  they  would  foon  engage  the  Soldiery,  and 
link  them  faft  to  their  Intereft.  But  the  Majority 
was  for  diflblving  the  Parliament,  urging  for  it  the 
prefent  Dangers  from  the  Cavaliers,  who  now  flock'd 
to  London,  and,  under-hand,  fomented  Divifions  in 
the  State  :  So  that,  by  Commiflion  under  the  Broad 
Seal  to  Fiennes  and  others,  this  Parliament  was 
diflblved,  and  a  Proclamation  afterwards  publiftied 
to  declare  it  ;  which  caufed,  he  fays,  much  Trou- 
ble in  the  Minds  of  many  honeft  Men  ;  but  the  Ca- 
valiers and  Republicans  rejoiced  at  it. 

Thus  fpeaks  this  very  honeft  Man  Mr.  Whitlocke  ; 
and  it  is  eafy  t»  fee  by  it,  That  he  dreaded  any  more 

Coo- 


3  5 2     7/k*  Parliamentary  Hi  s T OR  V 

Inter-r:snuin.  Convulfions  in  the  State,  left  the  Government  of  it 
1659-       fhould  be  at  laft  thrown  on  its  old  Hinges,    and  he 
*-""^/"7"1"^  Jofe  the  lucrative  Pofts  he  had  fo  Jong  enjoyed.    But, 
p  pow  hear  what  his  Antagonist,   in  Politics,  though 

equally  averfe  to  the  Royal  Caufe,  fays  in  this  Mat- 
ter. 

Ludlow,  after  giving  the  Names  of  the  principal 
Readers  of  the  three  Parties,  at  this  Time,  as  is  al- 
ready mentioned,  proceeds  to  tell  us,  *  That  the 
Differences  between  thofe  Parties,  being  very  great, 
were  yet  much  increafed  by  the  following  Acci- 
dents. 

*  Col.  Whalley,  whom  Richard  had  lately  made 
Commifiary-General  of  the  Horfe,  meeting  with 
Col.  AJbfield  in  Weftminfter-HaU*  and  difcourfmg 
with  him  concerning  the  Other  Houfe,  about  which 
their  Sentiments  were  very  different,  the  Com- 
mifiary-General fell  into  fuch  a  Paffion,  that  he 
threatened  to  ftrike  the  Colonel ;  who  thereupon 
daring  him  to  do  it,  Wkalley  chofe  rather  to  make 
his  Complaint  to  Mr.  Richard  Cromwell.  Col. 
AJhf.eld  being  fummoned  to  appear,  the  pretended 
Protestor  threatened  to  cafhier  him  as  a  Mutineer, 
for  fpeaking  in  fuch  a  Manner  to  a  General  Officer 
of  the  Army.  But  the  Colonel  defiring  a  fair  and 
equal  Hearing  by  a  Council  of  Officers,  he  was  or- 
dered to  attend  again.  At  the  Time  appointed  it 
was  contrived  that  Col.  Cough,  Col.  fhgaldjby,  Col. 
Howard,  Lieut.  Col.  Goodrich^  and  other  Creatures 
of  the  Court  fhould  be  prefent  to  decide  the  Matter 
in  Difpute,  who  unanimoufly  enjoined  Col.  AJhfieltl 
to  acknowledge  his  Fault,  and  to  aflc  the  Com- 
milTary-Generars  Pardon  for  the  fame  :  But  their 
Endeavours  herein  proved  ineffectual,  for  the  Colo- 
nel denying  that  he  had  offended  the  Commiflary- 
General,  refufed  to  defire  his  Pardon.  Another 
Thing  happened  about  the  fame  Time  that  proved 
very  difadvantageous  to  the  Irr^reft  of  Mr.  Richard 
Cromwell:  For  a  certain  inferior  Officer  having 
publickly  murmured  at  the  Advancement  of  fome, 
that  had  been  Cavaliers,  to  Commands  in  the  Army, 


<9f   ENGLAND.       353 

he  was  carried  to  Whitehall  to  anfwer  for  the  fame.  Inter-rtgmim. 
Mr.  Richard  Cromwell,  bcfides  other  reproachful  l659- 
Language,  afked  him,  in  a  deriding  Manner,  Whe-  <—TvT^"^ 
ther  he  would  have  him  prefer  none  but  thofe  that 
Were  godly  ?  Here,  continued  he,  is  Diclc  Ingoldlby, 
who  can  neither  pray  nor  preach,  and  yet  I  will  truji 
him  before  ysu  all.  Thofe  imprudent,  as  well  as  ir- 
religious Words,  fo  clearly  difcovering  the  Frame 
and  Temper  of  his  Mind,  were  foon  publifhed  in 
the  Army  and  City  of  London,  to  his  great  Preju- 
dice. And  from  this  Time  all  Men  among  them, 
who  made  but  the  leaft  Pretences  to  Religion  and 
Sobriety,  began  to  think  themfelves  unfafe  whilft 
he  governed,  and  thereupon  foon  formed  a  Refolu- 
tion  to  ufe  their  utmoft  Endeavours  to  divide  the 
Military  from  the  Civil  Power,  and  to  place  the 
Command  of  the  Army  in  Lieut.  Gen.  FleeiwoodC 

Our  Memorialift  goes  on  with  a  long  Account  of 
his  own  Tranfa&ions  with  the  Army  at  Wallingford- 
Houfe,  not  much  to  our  Purpofe,  but  it  tended  al- 
together to  form  a  Party,  on  the  old  Republican 
Scheme,  who  were  working  Richard's  Downfall. 
Then  he  proceeds,  and  fays,  '  In  the  mean  Time 
Mr.  Cromwell  and  his  Party  were  exceedingly 
alarmed  at  thefe  Proceedings  ;  and,  not  daring  to 
truft  to  their  own  Authority  in  this  Matter,  they 
contrived  it  fo  as  to  engage  the  Parliament  in  their 
Defence.  Accordingly  fomc  Members  of  the 
Commons  Houfe  charged  the  Council  with  muti- 
nous Words  there  fpokcn  againft  the  Government, 
and  againft  the  Refolutions  of  the  Parliament  itfelf. 
This  Accufation  was  fo  well  feconded,  that  the 
Houfe  refolved  to  diffipate  the  Storm,  and  to  that 
End  pafled  a  Vote,  That  the  Officers  of  the  Army 
Should  no  more  meet  as  a  General  Council.  Yet 
for  all  this  they  met  again  at  the  Time  appointed, 
in  order  to  proceed  in  their  Defign  :  But  the  Houfe 
having  Notice  of  it,  and  being  very  defirous  to 
enable  Mr.  Cromwell  to  make  their  Vote  effectual, 
declared  him  to  be  General  of  their  Army,  authori- 
zing him  to  diipcrfe  the  Officers  to  their  refpective 
Charges;  to  remove  from  their  Commands  fuch  as 

VOL.  XXI.  Z  fhould 


354    Tl>e  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  fhould  difobey,   and  to  place  others  in  the  room  of 
l659-        them.     They  alfo  voted  it  to  be  High  Treafon  in 

^-"7vr?*1'  the  Officers  to  meet  in  Council  contrary  to  their 
p" '  Order,  and  promifed  to  caufe  the  Arrears  of  thofe 
that  fhould  yield  Obedience,  to  be  forthwith  paid, 
with  Aflurances  to  take  Care  of  them  for  the 
future.  Mr.  Richard  Cromwell  having  Notice  of 
thefe  Votes,  immediately  went  to  the  Place  where 
the  Council  of  Officers  was  aflembled  ;  and  having 
informed  them  of  what  had  patted,  he  told  them  that 
he  expected  their  prefent  Obedience.  The  Officers 
not  being  then  prepared  to  difpute  his  Commands, 
withdrew  themfelves  j  but  the  chief  of  them  conti- 
nued their  Meetings  in  a  more  private  Manner, 
making  Ufe  of  all  Means  imaginable  to  oblige  Mr. 
Richard  Cromwell  to  a  Compliance  with  them  j  but 
he  relying  on  the  Strength  of  his  new  Friends,  re- 
fufed  to  hearken  to  them  ;  fo  that  they  perceived  it 
to  be  high  Time  to  provide  for  the  Security  of 
themfelves.  Information  being  given  at  Court  that 
fomething  extraordinary  was  in  Agitation,  the  Pro- 
tector Richard  fent  a  Meflage  to  Lieutenant-General 
Fleetivood  to  come  to  him  j  but  the  MefTenger  re- 
turned without  an  Anfwer.  Then  he  ordered  fome 
of  the  Guard  to  be  fent  for  him ;  but  they  defired  to 
be  excufed.  The  Lieutenant -General  having  No- 
lice  of  this  Defign,  retired  to  St.  James's,  where 
many  Officers  of  the  Army  reforting  to  him,  it  was 
concluded  between  them,  that  the  whole  Army 
fhould  rendezvous  at  St.  James's.  The  News  of 
this  Refolution  being  brought  to  M.r.Cromwel/,  he 
alfo  appointed  a  Counter-Rendezvous  to  be  at  the 
fame  Time  at  Whitehall.  Accordingly  Col.  Gougb 
fent  Orders  for  his  Regiment  to  march  toWlntehall '; 
but  the  Major  had  already  prevailed  with  them  to 
draw  to  St.  James's.  Three  Troops  of  Col.  Ifl- 
goldjbfs  Horfe  marched  alfo  to  St.  James's^  with 
part  of  two  more ;  fo  that  he  had  only  one  entire 
Troop  of  his  Regiment  to  ftand  by  him.  Co!. 
Whalley's  Regiment  of  Horfe  for  the  moft  part  left 
him,  and  went  off  to  St.  James's ;  which  he  feeing, 
opened  his  Breaft,  and  defired  them  to  Ihoot  him. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       355 

Col.  Hacker's  Regiment  of  IJorfe  being  drawn  up  lutcr-regauia. 
near  Cheapfide^  Mr.  Cromwell  fent  a  MeiTage  to  the  .f  5_ 
Colonel,  with  an  Order  to  require  him  forthwith  to  " 
march  to  JWritehall;  but  he  excufed  himfelf,  and 
faid  he  had  received  Orders  from  Lieutenant-Ge- 
neral Fleetwood  to  keep  that  Poft.  Many  allb  of 
Richard's  own  Guard  went  to  St.  James's^  and 
moft  of  thofe  that  ftaid  with  him,  declared  they 
would  not  oppofe  any  that  fhould  come  to  them  by 
Order  from  Lieutenant- General  Fleetwood.  Thus 
here  was  a  General  without  an  Army,  and  divers 
great  Officers  without  Soldiers;  who,  having  boafted 
of  their  Intereft  in  the  Army,  and  having  thereby 
led  the  Houfe  into  their  late  rafh  Proceedings,  now 
being  utterly  difappointed  in  their  Hopes  and  Ex- 
pectations, knew  not  what  to  advife,  or  what  to  do. 
About  Noon  Col.  Dejborough  went  to  Mr.  Richard 
Cromwell*  at  Whitehall^  and  told  him  that  if  he 
would  diflblve  his  Parliament,  the  Officers  would 
take  Care  of  him  ;  but  that,  if  he  refufed  fo  to  do, 
they  would  do  it  without  him,  and  leave  him  to 
fhift  for  himfelf.  Having  taken  a  little  Time  to 
confider  of  it,  and  finding  no  other  Way  left  to  do 
better,  he  confented  to  what  was  demanded.  This 
great  Alteration  was  made  with  fo  little  Noife,  that 
very  few  were  alarmed  at  it.  The  next  Morning 
the  Houfe  met,  and  divers  Members  made  extrava- 
gant Motions,  rather,  as  was  fuppofed,  to  vent  their 
own  Paffions,  than  from  any  Hopes  of  Succcfs  :  For 
whatever  were  the  Refolutions  that  had  been  made 
by  the  Court  Junto,  they  could  not  fuddenly  be 
brought  to  a  Vote,  becaufe  the  contrary  Party  was 
confiderably  increafed  by  this  Change  of  Affairs. 
Few  of  the  Houfe  knew  of  the  Refolution  taken  to 
put  a  Period  to  them,  or,  if  they  did,  were  unwilling 
to  take  Notice  of  it ;  fo  that  when  the  Ufhcr  of  the 
Black  Rod,  who  attended  the  Other  Houfe,  came 
to  let  the  Serjeant  at  Arms  know  that  it  was  the 
Pleafure  of  the  Protector  that  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons fhould  attend  him  at  the  Other  Houfe,  many 
«f  them  were  unwilling  to  admit  the  Serjeant  into 
the  Houfe  to  deliver  the  Meflagej  but  the  Com- 
Z  2  monwealth 


356     *The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  monwealth  Party  demanded,  and  obtained,  that  he 
l6S9-  fhould  give  the  Houfe  an  Account  of  what  the  Gen* 

.*—7v~'  tleman  of  the  Black  Rod  had  faid  to  him.  The 
pn  '  Aflembly  being  under  this  Confufion,  adjourned 
themlelves  till  Eight  o'Clock  the  next  Morning  ;  but 
Care  was  taken  to  prevent  their  meeting  again,  by 
publifhing  a  Proclamation,  declaring  them  to  be 
difiblved,  by  fetting  a  Padlock  on  the  Door  of  the 
Houfe,  and  by  placing  a  Guard  in  the  Court  of 
Requefts,  with  Orders  to  refufe  Admittance  to  all 
thofe  that  fhould  demand  it.' 

Amongft  the  many  Pamphlets,  printed  and  pub- 
lifhed  in  thefe  Times,  and  are  in  our  Collection, 
two  of  them  give  fuccin&  and  clear  Accounts  of 
thefe  Proceedings.  The  one  of  them  called  A  true 
and  Impartial  Narrative  ^  is  before  quoted  ;  and  we 
beg  Leave  to  add  another  Quotation  from  the  fame 
Authority. 


*  On  the  22d  of  April  \he  Black  Rod  came  to  the 
Door  to  have  Entrance.  The  Serjeant,  who  fhould 
have  done  no  more  than  acquainted  the  Houfe  that 
fuch  a  Meflenger  was  at  the  Door,  acquainted  them 
with  his  Meflage,  viz.  That,  by  Order  of  the  Pro- 
teclor,  the  Speaker  of  the  Other  Houfe  fent  to  the 
Houfe  of  Commons  to  come  with  their  Speaker  to 
them  in  the  Other  Houfe  j  which  the  Houfe  recei- 
ved generally  with  great  Indignation  and  Scorn, 
fome  faying,  They  were  the  Upper  Houfe  j  and  fo, 
without  receiving  the  Meflenger,  the  Houfe  ad- 
journed till  Monday  the  25th  of  April  :  But  the 
next  Day  the  pretended  Protestor  diflblved  the  pre- 
tended Parliament  by  a  Proclamation.' 

The  other  old  Pamphlet  is  called  England's  Con- 
fufion, &c.  and,  though  not  fo  tedious  as  the  former 
Account,  is  as  circumftantial  in  the  Matter  to  the 
full. 

«  Whilft  the  Houfe  fpent  the  reft  of  their  Time 
in  confidering  how  to  provide  Money,  without  lay- 
ing new  Burdens  on  the  People,  great  Contefts 

grew 


Of   ENGLAND.       357 

grew  between  the  Protestor  and  the  oppofite  Officers  Intcr-regnum. 
of  the  Army,  both  Sides  keeping  Guards  Night  and        l659- 
Day  againft  one  another,  the  Protestor  having,  in    v-"""v~^1 
purfuance  of  the  Votes  of  the  Houfe,  forbidden  the        Ap 
Meetings  of  the  Officers. 

'  In  this  divided  Pofturc,  Affairs  continued  untill 
Friday  the  22d  of  April ;  on  which  Morning  early 
Fleetwood  the  Protestor's  Brother,  Dejborough  his 
Uncle,  and  the  reft  of  the  mutinous  Officers,  carry- 
ing the  greater  Part  of  the  Army  after  them,  and  the 
Protedtor's  Party  flinching,  the  Conqueft  was  made 
without  one  Drop  of  Blood,  which,  fays  our  Autho- 
rity, was  ftrange  in  fo  antient,  hereditary,  juft,  and 
undoubted  a  Title)  and  the  Protestor  forced  to  con- 
fent  to  a  Commiffion  and  Proclamation  ready  prepa- 
red, giving  Defborov.gb  and  others  Power  to  dhTolve 
the  Parliament,  contrary  to  the  belt  Advice,  and  his 
ownlnterell  and  Promife.  And  accordingly,  the  fame 
Day,  the  Black  Rod  was  fent  twice  to  the  Houfe  of 
Commons  (from  Fiennes*  Speaker  of  the  Other 
Houfe)  for  them  to  come  thither;  but  they  admitted 
him  not  in,  and  much  fcorned  the  Motion,  having 
ever  looked  upon  that  Mufhroom  Houfe  as  the 
Lower  Houfe  and  their  own  Creature,  the  Language 
being  to  fend  down  to  the  Other  Houfe,  when  they 
lent  the  Declaration  for  a  Faft  for  a  Trial  of  tranf- 
a£ting  with  them :  And  therefore,  understanding  there 
were  Guards  of  Horfe  and  Foot  in  the  Palace-Yard9 
after  fome  Motions  made  by  Mr.  Knightly,  Sir  Ar- 
thur Hafilrigge,  and  others,  wherein  Sir  Arthur  ex- 
ceeded,That  the  Houfe  ftiould  firft  declare  itTreafon 
for  any  Perfons  whatfoever  to  put  Force  upon  any 
Members  of  the  Houfe  ;  and,  next,  That  all  Votes, 
Acts,  and  Refolutions,  parted  by  any  Members  of 
Parliament,  when  the  reft  were  detained  from,  or 
taken  out  of,  the  Houfe  by  Force,  fhould  be  null 
and  void  ;  and  other  Motions  becoming  Englijbmen 
to  that  End  ;  judging  themfelves  under  a  Force,  and 
finding  they  were  very  unanimous,  though  near  400 
in  the  Houfe,  in  the  Things  propofed,  they  refolved 
on  no  Queftion  ;  but  adjourned  till  Monday  Morn- 
ing the  25th  of  April,  and  attended  the  Speaker,  in 
Z  3 


358     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  Order,  thorough  WeJlminjler-Hall  to  his  Coach,  in 
l659»       the  Face  of  the  Soldiery/ 

**nl*  To  clofe  up  all  we  can  give  relating  to  this 

ftrange  and  fudden  Revolution,  take  what  follows 
from  the  Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Death  of  Roger 
Boyle,  Lord  Brogkill,  afterwards  created  firft  Earl  of 
Orrery.  a 

'  Richard  Cromwell  fucceeded  his  Father  for  fome 
Time,  and  called  a  Parliament.  While  the  Par- 
liament was  fitting,  he  likewife  gave  a  Commiffion 
to  Fleetwood  and  Dejborough,  to  hold  a  Council  of 
War  at  Walling f or  d-Houfe^  to  which  Lord  Erog- 
bill  received  a  Summons  to  come,  as  being  a  Ge- 
neral Officer  in  the  Irijh  Army.  He  had  no  fooner 
received  the  Summons,  than  his  Lordfhip  went  to 
Richard  Cromwell,  to  know  whether  he  had  con- 
fented  to  call  a  Council  of  War.  Cromwell  told 
him  he  had.  My  Lord  replied,  He  feared  he  would 
repent  it.  Cromwell  afked,  Why?  Becaufe  they 
would  certainly  work  fome  Mifchief  againft  him 
and  his  Friends ;  but  as  yet  he  knew  not  what  it 
was.  Cromwell  then  defired  his  Lordfhip  to  do 
what  he  could  to  prevent  it.  My  Lord  replied, 
He  would  go  amongft  them,  and  fee  what  might 
be  done. 

'  The  Day  of  the  Council  of  War  being  come, 
they  all  repaired  to  Walling j "or -d-Houfe,  where  were 
above  five  hundred  Officers;  and,  after  a  long 
Prayer,  (I  think  made  by  Dr. Owen)  Col.  Dejborough 
flood  up,  juft  over- againft  Lord  Broghill^  (who, 
with  the  other  General  Officers,  fat  at  a  Table  by 
themfelves)  and  made  a  Speech  of  an  Hour  long  ; 
reprefenting  how  gracious  the  Lord  had  been  to 
them,  and  how  profperous  their  Arms  had  been  ; 
which  Profperity  he  feared  would  not  continue,  be  • 
caufe  there  were,  fince  their  Peace  and  Quietnefs, 
feveral  Sons  of  Belial  crept  in  amongft  them,  for 
whofe  Sakes  there  would  be  great  Judgments  upon. 

the 

3  Wrote  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Mcrrice,  his  Lordfliip's  Chaplain,  and 
afterwards  publiflied  ia  a  Colle^iou  of  State  Letters,  Gfc.  p.  ZT, 
London,  Fol,  174*. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       359 

the  Array  :    And  therefore  he  thought  it  would  be  Jnter-regnum. 

convenient  fome  effectual  Means  fhould  be  made 

ufe  of,  to  purge  the  Army  of  them  ;  and  the  Means 

that  he  propofed  was  a  Teft,    which  every  Perfon 

in  the  Army  fhould  take ;   and  they  who  refufed 

fhould  be  turned  out.     The  Teft  was  this,  '  That 

*  every   one  fhould   fwear,   they   did    believe,   in 

*  their  Confciences,  that  the  putting  to  Death  the 

*  late  King,    Charles  Stuart,   was  lawful  and  juft/ 
This  was  the  main  Defign  of  his  Speech  ;  which 
when  he  had  ended,  he  fat  down,  and  a  great  many 
cried  out,    Well  moved!    Lord  Brogbill,  who  was 
not  to  be  furprifed  on  this  or  any  other  Occafion,  as 
fbon  as  Dejborough  had  done,  flood  up  and  decla- 
red, he  muft  oppofe  all  Tefts  put  upon  the  Army, 
both  as  a  Thing  that  would  enflave  them,  and  as  a 
Thing  they  had  pofitively  declared  againft ;  for  if 
they  once  put  Tefts  upon  themfclves,  others  would 
quickly  impofe  Tefts  upon  them,    and  they  would 
be  obliged  to  act  againft  their  own  Liberty  of  Con- 
fcience,  which  thev  had  fo  much  fought  and  pleaded 
for  :  But  he  was  againft  the  Teft  in  particular  that 
was  then  propofed,  becaufe  it  was  unjuft  and  un- 
reafonable,  to  require  Men  to  fwear  to  the  Law- 
fulnefs  of  an  Action,  at  the  doing  of  which  they 
were  not  prefent ;  for  many,  betides  himfelf,  were 
not  prefent  when  the  late  King  was  tried  and  put 
to  Death  ;  and  how  could  they  fwear  to  the  Juftice 
or  Lawfulnefs  of  that  which  they  did  not,   nor 
could  not,  know  ?  But  if  they  would  have  a  Teft  to 
purge  the  Army,  he  thought  he  had  as  good  a  Right 
to  propofe  one  as  another  ;  and  therefore  he  offered 
one  more  reafonable  and  lawful,  which  was,  '  That 

*  all  fhould  be  turned  out  of  the  Army,  who  would 

*  not  fwear  to  defend  the  Government,  as  it  is  now 
'  eftablifhed  under  the  Protector  and  Parliament.' 
This  was  reafonable  and  lawful,  becaufe  it  was  to 
maintain  the  prefent  Government.     In  fine,  he  de- 
clared, he  was  againft  all  Tefts,  and  for  the  Conti- 
nuance of  the  Liberty  of  the  Army :  But  if  they 
would  be  for  a  Teft,  he  was  for  that  which  he  had 

now 


360    The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jnter-regnum.  now  offered ;  and  if  they  would  not  pafs  it  in  that 
Council,  but  rather  have  the  other,  then  he  would 
"  move  ic  the  next  Day  in  Parliament,  of  which  he 
Was  a  Member,  and  there  he  was  confident  it  would 
pafs.  Upon  this  all  cried,  Well  moved!  And  while 
they  were  in  fome  Kind  of  Murmur  upon  the  Mo- 
tion, my  Lord,  having  Gaffe  on  the  one  Side  of 
him,  and  Major  Wballey  on  the  other,  firft  whifper'd 
one  in  the  Ear,  and  then  the  other,  knowing  they 
were  both  of  a  hot  Temper,  and  eafily  moved ; 
and  did  his  Bufmefs  fo  effe&ually  with  them,  that 
they  both  fpoke  fucceflively  againft  De/borcugb^ 
Teft,  and  declared  for  Lord  Brog bill's.  Upon 
which  Fleetwood,  Defborough^  and  others  of  the 
Gang,  went  to  confult  by  themfelves  what  was 
beft  to  be  done;  and,  after  a  little  Confultation, 
came  again  and  told  Lord  Broghill,  they  had  con- 
iidered  what  his  Lordftiip  had  faid,  and  had  not  feen 
the  ill  Confequences  of  impofing  Tefts  on  the  Army, 
till  he  had  hinted  them,  but  were  now  convinced  ; 
therefore  they  would  not  put  it  to  the  Vote  whicli 
of  the  two  fhould  pafs,  but  defired  both  might  be 
withdrawn ;  which,  with  fome  Reludlance,  Lord 
Broghlll  confented  to. 

'  His  Lordfliip  foon  after  gave  Richard  Cromwell 
an  Account  of  all  that  paffed,  at  which  he  was 
overjoyed.  My  Lord  then  told  Cromwell ',  That 
certainly  the  Council  of  War  would  do  Mifchief, 
if  it  fat  any  longer,  and  therefore  advifed  him  forth- 
with to  diffolve  it.  Cromwell  aflced  how  he  might. 
My  Lord  told  him,  if  he  pleafed  he  would  draw  up 
a  mort  Speech  for  him,  which  he  fhould  the  next 
Morning  fpeak  to  them  :  This  Cromwell  promifed 
he  would  do.  My  Lord  then  drew  up  a  Speech  for 
him  to  this  Effect :  That  he  accepted  their  Service 
with  all  Thankfulnefs  j  that  he  had  confidered  what 
did  moft  aggrieve  them ;  and  that  he  thought  the 
beft  and  propereft  Way  to  rcdrefs  what  was  amifs 
among  them,  was  to  do  it  in  the  Parliament  then 
fitting,  of  which  moft  of  them  were  Members  j  and 
therefore  declared  his  Commiifion  of  holding  that 
Council  null  and  void,  and  defired  them  all  to  go 

to 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       361 

to  their  feveral  Commands.  This  Speech  my  Lord  Inter-regnuni, 
gave  to  Cromwell  that  Night,  who  conn'd  it  over, 
and  had  his  Leflbn  perfedt  the  next  Day;  and 
accordingly,  by  Ten  of  the  Clock,  came  to  Wai- 
lingford-Houfei  and  fat  in  a  Chair  of  State  among 
them,  which  pleafed  fome  and  troubled  others; 
and  wjthin  an  Hour  he  rofe  up,  and  delivered  his 
Speech  ;  which,  though  it  was  very  mild,  yet  gave 
great  Diftafte  to  Fleetwood  and  his  Party,  but  it 
leems  they  guefled  who  was  the  Author  of  their 
Diflblution ;  and  therefore,  about  three  Days  after, 
Fleettvood  and  the  General  of  the  Army,  with  Def- 
borongh  and  the  reft  of  the  Gang,  came  in  a  Body 
into  the  Parliament,  and,  in  the  Name  of  the  Army, 
complained  how  much  they  had  been  abufed  and 
affronted  by  a  certain  Lord  in  that  Afiembly,  (look- 
ing ftedfaftly  upon  Lord  Broghill)  defiring  that  they 
might  have  Satisfaction  ;  requesting  that-an  Addrefs 
might  be  made  to  his  Highnefs  the  Lord  Protestor, 
intreating  him  to  declare  who  it  was  that  advifed 
him  to  diflblve  the  Council  of  War,  during  the  Sit- 
ting of  the  Parliament,  without  the  Parliament's 
Knowledge  or  Confent.  All  then  began  to  look 
upon  my  Lord  as  the  Party  concerned,  and  fome 
beckoned  to  him  to  be  gone  ;  bat  he  fat  ftill  to  jet 
the  Murmur  be  over  ;  and  at  laft  rofe  up,  and 
moved  that,  at  the  fame  Time  when  this  Addrefs 
was  made,  another  alfo  might  be  prefented,  to 
know  who  advifed  the  calling  a  Council  of  War, 
without  the  Knowledge  or  Confent  of  Parliament : 
For  if  he  be  guilty,  who  advifed  the  Diflblution  of 
the  Council  without  the  Parliament's  Confent,  he 
muft  be  much  more  guilty,  who  advifed  the  calling 
of  that  Council  without  it.  At  this  Motion  they 
all  cried,  Well  moved  !  and  Fleetwood  with  the  others 
Went  their  Way. 

'  Lord  Erogbill  finding  the  Army  were  refolved 
to  ruin  Richard  Cromwell^  his  Lordfhip  advifed 
Crotmvell  to  caft  himfelf  upon  the  City,  and  declare 
for  the  King  and  a  free  Parliament;  afluring  him 
he  would  find  the  City  favour  him  that  Way,  and 
by  it  he  would  make  his  Family  for  ever:  But 

Crom~ 


362     T&e  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  Cromwell  would  not  comply  with  this  Advice ;  fo 
1659.        went  on  his  own  Way,  till  the  Army  depofed  him, 
and  fet  up  for  themfelves.' 

Thefe  Accounts  from  various  Writers,  we  hope, 
will  fatisfy  our  Readers  as  to  the  main  Circumftances 
relative  to  the  Diflblution  of  the  laft  Meeting.  We 
now  proceed  to  fhew  how  Richard  fteered  his 
Courfe  without  them  j  and  we  find  that  he  and  his 
Council  fat  clofe  to  Bufmefs  for  fome  Time,  to 
confult  what  was  fit  to  be  done :  Though  even 
amongft  thofe  of  his  own  Council,  Mr.  Wbitlocke 
allures  us,  he  had  many  Enemies  both  to  himfelf 
and  Government.  Deferted  and  forfaken  thus  by 
both  his  Friends  and  Relations,  what  could  poor  Ri- 
chard do  to  extricate  himfelf  from  thefe  Difficulties, 
and  maintain  his  Sovereignty  ?  No,  he  was  entirely 
laid  afide,  -though  his  Enemies  were  fo  kind  to  him 
as  not  to  call  him  to  Account  for  his  ill  Govern- 
ment; but  probably  this  Mercy  proceeded  more 
from  the  defpicable  Opinion  they  had  of  his  Abili- 
ties, than  from  any  Mildnefs  or  Compaffion  to  him. 

Richard^  'tis  confidently  faid,  lived  many  Years 
after  this  in  a  private  Station,  both  at  home  and 
abroad,  and  reached  fo  advanced  an  Age  as  only  to 
to  make  his  Exit  in  the  Reign  of  the  late  Queen 
Anne.  But  fome  further  Notice  is  taken  of  him  in 
the  Sequel. 

And  now,  as  we  have  faid,  the  Army  having  once 
more  made  themfelves  Matters  of  the  whole  King- 
dom, it  was  expected  that  another  Oliver  would 
have  ftarted  from  amongft  them,  and  have  govern'd 
thefe  Nations  by  Court-Martials  and  Major-Gene- 
rals,  as  formerly.  But  no  fingle  Perfon  could  be 
found  equal  to  this  Work  ;  and  therefore  the  Re- 
publican Party  perfuaded  the  General  Officers  to 
Join  with  them  and  recall  the  Members  of  the  old 
Parliament,  whom  they  themfelves  had  forcibly 
turned  out  in  the  Year  1653.  Mr.  Wbitlocke  tells 
us,  '  That  the  Officers  were  advifed  to  confider 
better  of  this  Defign  ;  for  that  thofe  Members  were 
much  difcontented  at  their  Proceedings  under  Crom- 
well, 


Of    ENGLAND.       363 

w/v//,  and  whether  this  Step  would  not  probably  Inter-regnum, 
create  more  Divifions,  and  end  in  bringing  in  the       l659- 

King.  U"7VT"* 

But  this  Advice  would  not  prevail ;  the  Officers  p 
were  refolute  to  join  with  the  Republican  Party,  in 
lettering  the  Long  Parliament  and  another  Council 
of  State  to  their  Rule  and  Governance,  without  a 
Single  Perfon.  How  this  Affair  was  brought  about, 
the  following  Quotations  and  Abftra&s  from  the 
fore-cited  Authors  and  Papers  will  beft  fhew : 

Ludlow  tells  us,  '  That  before  the  Coalition  was 
entirely  perfected  between  the  principal  Officers  of 
the  Army  and  his  Aflbciates,  they  had  a  Meet- 
ing at  Sir  Henry  Vane's  Houfe,  at  Charing -Crofs  ; 
the  Perfons  of  and  from  the  Army  were  Major-Ge- 
neral Lambert,  Colonels  John  Jones,  Kelfey,  Berry% 
C5V.  Thofe  of  the  Parliament  were  Sir  Henry  Vane% 
Sir  Arthur  Hafilrigze,  Major  Salway,  and  himfelf. 
The  Things  demanded  by  thofe  of  the  Army  were* 

1.  c  To  be  fecured  by  an  A<Sl  of  Indemnity  for 
what  was  paft. 

2.  '  That  fome  Provision  of  Power  might  be 
made  for  Mr.  Richard  Cromwell,  as  well  as  for  the 
Payment  of  his  Debts,  and  future  Subfiftence  in  a 
plentiful  Manner,   they  having  promifed  to  take 
Care  of  him  in  thefe  Particulars. 

3.  <  That  what  fhould  ftand  in  Need  of  Regula- 
tion, both  in  the  Law  and  Clergy,  Ihould  be  re- 
formed and  amended. 

4.  c  That  the  Government  of  the  Nation  fhould 
be  by  a  Reprefentative  of  the  People,  and  by  a  felecl: 
Senate. 

'  For  the  firjl,  it  was  thought  reafonable  that 
fomething  of  that  Nature  fhould  be  done,  as  well 
to  gratify  thofe  who  (hould  contribute  to  our  Return, 
as  for  our  own  future  Peace  and  Quiet. 

«  Touching  the  fecond  Proportion,  concerning  a 
Provifion  to  be  made  for  Mr.  Richard  Cromwell,  we 
faid,  that  though  the  Parliament  and  Nation  had 
been  greatly  injured  by  the  Interruption  they  had 
received,  yet  feeing  thofe  that  were  at  prefent  in 
Pofleffion  of  the  Power  had  engaged  to  make  fome 

Provifion 


364    The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Jater-regnum,  Provifion  for  him,  we  were  contented,  for  ourfelves, 
1659.        that  thofe  Debts  which  he  had  contracted  on  the 
W.-J--J    Public  Account  fhould  be  paid,  that  fo  he  might  be 
April,       enabled  to  fubfift  comfortably :  But  that  we  could 
by  no  Means  confent  to  continue  any  Part  of  his 
)ate-aflumed  Power  to  him ;  neither  could  we  be- 
lieve that  fuch  a  Propofition  would  ever  be  heark- 
ened to  by  the  Members  of  the  Parliament,  if  they 
fhould  come  together. 

'  The  third  Proportion  was  eafily  agreed  to,  all 
of  us  declaring  that  we  would  ufe  the  utmoft  of  our 
Endeavours  to  rectify  and  reform  whatfoever  fhould 
appear  to  be  amifs  either  in  Church  or  State. 

«  In  the  fourth  Propofition  we  found  a  greater 
Difficulty,  not  being  all  of  the  fame  Opinion  with 
refpedl:  to  that  Part  of  it  relating  to  the  Senate. 
Whereupon  finding  that,  out  of  a  Defire  to  avoid 
any  thing  that  might  prove  an  Obftruftion  to  the 
Return  of  the  Parliament,  or  poffibly  from  an  In- 
clination in  fome  to  the  Thing  itfelf,  there  was  an 
Intention,  by  a  general  JSilence  about  that  Matter, 
to  give  them  Hopes  of  our  Compliance ;  therefore, 
that  they  might  have  no  juft  Occafion  to  fay  here- 
after that  we  had  dealt  doubly  with  them,  keeping 
fair  in  that  Particular  before  our  Admiffion,  and 
after  we  were  admitted  declaring  againft  it,  I  thought 
it  my  Duty  to  let  them  know,  that  if,  by  a  fele£l 
Senate,  they  underftood  a  lafting  Power,  co-ordi- 
nate with  the  Authority  of  the  People's  Reprefenta- 
tive,  and  not  chofen  by  the  People,  I  could  not 
engage  to  promote  the  Eftablifhment  of  fuch  a 
Power,  apprehending  that  it  would  prove  a  Means 
to  perpetuate  our  Differences,  and  make  it  neceflary 
to  keep  up  a  ftanding  Force  to  fupport  it :  But  if 
they  propofed  to  ere£t  fuch  an  Authority  only  for  a 
fhort  Time,  and  in  order  to  proceed  with  more 
Vigour  to  an  equal  and  juft  Eftablifhment  of  the 
Commonwealth,  I  prefumed  it  might  be  very  ufeful, 
and  that  the  People  would  readily  acquiefce,  when  it 
fhould  be  evident  that  it  was  dcfigned  to  no  other 
End  than  to  prevent  them  from  deftroying  them- 
ielves,  and  not  to  enflave  them  to  any  Faction  or 

Party. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.     365 

Party.  After  four  or  five  Hours  Debate  concerning  Intcr-fcgtum. 
thefe  Particulars,  we  defired  them  to  confider,  that       l659- 
\vhatfoever  had  been  faid  -by  us  in  this  Conference,        /T^T 
ought  only  to  be  taken  as  proceeding  from  private 
Men,  and  that  we  durft  not  prefume  to  promife  any 
thing  on  the  Part  of  the  Parliament:  However,  we 
encouraged  them  to  hope  that,  if  we  four  joined  in 
propofing  any  thing  in  the  Houfe  for  the  Public 
Good,  we  might  probably  bring  it  to  Effect. 

'  At  the  Conclufion  of  our  Converfation,  Major- 
General  Lambert  aflured  us,  that  he  would  reprefent 
to  the  General  Council  what  had  pafled  between  us 
as  fairly,  and  with  as  much  Advantage,  as  we  could 
defire. 

'  After  three  or  four  Days  the  fame  Company 
met  again  at  the  fame  Place,  where  thofe  that  were 
employed  by  the  Council  of  Officers  declared  the 
Resolution  of  themfelves,  and  of  thofe  they  repre- 
fented,  to  be,  That  the  Parliament  mould  be  re- 
ftored  ;  and  thereupon  prefled  us  that  the  Members 
might  meet  with  all  poffible  Expedition,  being  per- 
fuaded  that  Delays,  in  a  Matter  of  fuch  Importance, 
might  hazard  the  Succefs  of  all :  Therefore  it  was 
refolved  that  Notice  mould  be  given  to  fuch  Mem- 
bers as  were  in  Town  to  meet,  on  the  Thurfday 
following,  at  Mr.  Lenthall  their  Speaker's  Houfe, 
and  that  the  Officers  of  the  Army  mould  come 
thither,  and  there  acquaint  us  with  the  Defires  of 
the  Army. 

*  At  the  Time  appointed  about  fixteen  of  us  went 
to  the  Speaker's  Houfe,  and  having  informed  him 
of  the  Caufe  of  our  coming,  he  began  to  make 
many  trifling  Excufes,  pleading  his  Age,  Sicknefs, 
and  Inability  to  At  long.  Soon  after  the  Committee 
from  the  General  Council  came,  and  Major-General 
Lambert,  in  the  Name  of  the  reft,  acquainted  the 
Speaker,  That,  in  order  to  reconcile  our  Differences, 
and  to  unite  all  thofe  that  were  well  affected  to  the 
Public,  it  was  the  Defire  of  the  Army  that  the 
Parliament  would  return  to  the  Difcharge  of  their 
Duty,  according  to  the  Truft  repofed  in  them  by 
the  People  of  England -,  promifing  to  ftand  by  them, 

and 


April. 


366     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 
-rtgnum.  and  ferve  them  to  the  utmoft  of  their  Power.    The 
1659-        Speaker   had   been  lately  at    Court,    where  they 

'    h^  prevailed  with  him  to  endeavour  to  render  this 

Defign,  which  they  feared  above  all  Things,  inef- 
fectual ;  and,  on  the  other  Hand,  being  unwilling 
to  lofe  his  late- acquired  Peerage,  renewed  his  for- 
mer Excufes ;  with  this  Addition,  that  he  was  not 
fully  fatisfied  that  the  Death  of  the  late  King  had 
not  put  an  End  to  the  Parliament.  To  this  it  was 
anfwered,  That,  by  a  Lav/  made  by  an  undifputed 
Authority,  the  Parliament  could  not  be  diiTolved 
without  their  own  Confent,  which  had  never  yet 
been  given  :  And  therefore  they  defired  him,  as  he 
valued  the  Peace  and  Happinefs  of  the  Nation,  to 
fend  his  Letters  to  fuch  Members  as  were  about  the 
Town,  requiring  them  to  meet  the  next  Morning  in 
the  Houfe  of  Lords,  in  order  to  relume  their  Places 
in  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  fo  foon  as  they  might 
make  up  a  Quorum.  He  replied,  That  he  could  by 
no  Means  do  as  we  defired,  having  appointed  a 
Bufmefs  of  far  greater  Importance  to  himfelf,  which 
he  would  not  omit  on  any  Account,  becaufe  it 
concerned  the  Salvation  of  his  Soul.  We  then 
prefled  him  to  inform  us  what  it  might  be :  To 
which  he  anfwered,  That  he  was  preparing  himfelf 
to  participate  of  the  Lord's  Supper,  which  he 
refolved  to  take  on  the  next  Lord's  Day.  Upon 
this  it  was  replied,  That  Mercy  is  more  acceptable 
to  God  than  Sacrifice,  and  that  he  could  not  better 
prepare  himfelf  for  the  forefaid  Duty,  than  by  con- 
tributing to  the  Public  Good.  But  he  refolving  to 
perform  fome  Part  of  his  Promife  to  Mr.  Richard 
Cromwell?  would  not  be  perfuaded  to  fend  Letters 
to  the  Members,  as  it  was  defired  :  So  that  we  found 
ourfelves  obliged  to  tell  him,  That  the  Service  of 
the  Public  had"  been  too  long  obftrucled  by  the  Will 
of  fmgle  Perfons ;  and  that,  if  he  refufed  to  ifiue 
out  his  Letters  to  the  Members,  we  would  caufe  it 
to  be  done  by  other  Means :  And  thereupon  gave 
Orders  to  fuch  Clerks  as  we  then  had  there  ready 
for  that  Purpofe,  tp  draw  Directions  for  the  Mef- 
feneers  who  were  to  fummpn  the  Members,  and  to 
6  divide 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.     367 

divide  the  Lift  amongft  them,  in  fuch  a  Manner  as  Inter-regnuaj. 
might  beft  provide  for  the  Expedition  of  the  Bunnefs.        J  659- 

«  In  the  Morning  about  thirty  Members  being  *— '  T^T""* 
come,  and  the  Number  increafing  continually,  the 
Speaker,  who  had  appointed  Spies  to  bring  him 
Word  whether  we  might  probably  make  up  a 
Houfe  or  not,  being  informed  that  we  wanted  not 
above  three  or  four,  notwithftanding  the  Salvation 
of  his  Soul,  thought  it  Time  to  come  to  us,  and 
foon  after  the  requifite  Number  was  compleated. 

*  About  Twelve  o'Clock  we  went  to  take  our 
Places  in  the  Houfe,  Mr.  Lenthall^  our  Speaker, 
leading  the  Way,  and  the  Officers  of  the  Army 
lining  the  Rooms  for  us  as  we  patted  through  the 
Painted-Chamber,  the  Court  of  Requefts,  and  the 
Lobby  itfelf,  the  principal  Officers  having  placed 
themielves  neareft  to  the  Door  of  the  Parliament- 
Houfe,  every  one  feeming  to  rejoice  at  our  Reftitu- 
tion,  and  promifmg  to  live  and  die  with  us.' 

But  this  laft  Author  does  not  acquaint  us,  that, 
the  Day  before  the  old  Members  went  to  take  their 
Places  in  the  Houfe,  the  following  Declaration  was 
publilhed,  called 


A  DECLARATION  of  the  OFFICERS  of  the  ARMY, 
inviting  the  Members  of  the  Long  Parliamenty 
who  continued  fitting  till  the  20th  of  April,  1653, 
to  return  to  the  Exercife  and  Difcharge  of  their 
Trtijl.  s 


c  fT^HE  public  Concernments  of  this  Common- The  Army*« 
«    1     wealth  being,  thro'  a  Viciffitude  of  Da 
«  gers,  Deliverances,  and   Backflidings   of  many, 

*  brought  into  that  State  and  Pofture  wherein  they 
'  now  ftand  ;  and  ourfelves  alfo  contributing  there- 
c  unto,  by  wandering  divers  Ways  from  righteous 

*  and  equal  Paths ;  and  although  there  hath  been 
'  many  Eflays  to  obviate  the  Dangers,  and  to  fettle 

*  thefe  Nations  in  Peace  and  Profperity,  yet  all  have 

*  proved  ineffc&ual ;  the 'only  wife  God,  in  the 

4  Courfe 
*  Londtn,  printed  by  Henry  Ilillt,  for  him  and  William  MeunfforJ, 


368     *ffje  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

fflter-regnum.  «  Courfe  of  his  Providence,  difappointing  all  En- 

*  deavours  therein  : 

'  And  alfo  obferving,  to  our  great  Grief,  that  the 

*  good  Spirit  which  formerly  appeared  amongft  usj 

*  in  the  carrying  on  of  this  great  Work,  did  daily 

*  decline,  fo  as  the  good  old  Caufe  itfelf  became  a 

*  Reproach ;  we  have  been  led  to  look  back,  and 

*  examine  the  Caufe  of  the  Lord's  withdrawing  his 

*  wonted  Prefence  from  us,  and  where  we  turned 
c  out  of  the  Way,  that,  thro'  Mercy,  we  might  re- 
'  turn  and  give  him  the  Glory. 

*  And,  amongft  other  Things,  calling  to  Mind, 

*  that  the  Long  Parliament,  confiding  of  the  Mem- 

*  bers  which  continued  there  fitting  untill  the  aoth 

*  of  April,   1653,  were  eminent  Aflerters  of  that 
'  Caufe,  and  had  a  fpecial  Prefence  of  God  with 

*  them,   and  were  fignally  blefied   in   that  Work, 

*  (the  Defires  of  many  good  People  concurring  with 
'  ours  therein)  we  judge  it  our  Duty  to  invite  the 
'  aforefaid  Members  to  return  to  the  Exercife  and 

*  Difcharge  of  their  Truft,  as  before  the  faid  2Oth 

*  of  April,   1653. 

'  And  therefore  we  do  hereby  moft  earneftly  de- 

*  fire  the  Parliament,  confifting  of  thofe  Members 
'  who  continued  to  fit  fince  the  Year  1648,  untill 

*  the  2oth  of  April,  1653,  to  return  to  the  Exercife 

*  and  Difeharge  of  their  Truft,  and  we  fhall  be 
'  ready,  in  our  Places,  to  yield  them,  as  becomes 

*  us,  our  utmoft  Afiiftance  to  lit  in  Safety ;  for  the 

*  improving  the  prefent  Opportunity  for  fettling  and 
'  fecuring  the  Peace  and  Freedom  of  this  Common- 
'  wealth ;  praying  for  the  Prefence  and  Blefling  of 

*  God  upon  their  Endeavours. 

Signed^  by  DireRion  6f  the  Lord  Fleetwood  and 
the  Council  of  Officers  of  the  Army, 

May  6,  i659.  THO.  SANDFORD,  See. 

Which  Declaration  was  this  Day  prefented  to  th« 
Speaker  by 

Lord  Lambert^  Lord  Cooper, 

Lord  Btrry9  Sir  Arthur  Hafilriggf*, 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       369 

Major-General  Z,/Y£«r«*f  Major-General  Haynes,  inter-regrium. 

Colonel  AJhfield,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Al-        1659. 

Colonel  Salmon,  len,                                   ^—^-^J 

Sir  "Jeremy  Sankey,  Major  Packer,                           ^^' 

Major-General  Kelfey,  Lieutenant-ColonelP;Vr- 

Colonel  Obey,  fan. 
Captain  Blackwell, 

We  have  yet  another  old  Pamphleteer  to  confult, 
the  Writer  of  England's  Confujion,  £sV.  as  befor« 
quoted.  This  Writer  has  (drawn  up,  in  a  very 
humorous  Way,  a  brief  Account  of  thefe  extraor- 
dinary Proceedings ;  and,  in  as  extraordinary  a 
Manner,  has  left  us  the  following  Detail  of  them :  tt 

'  After  the  Officers  had  new  modelled  themfelves$ 
eamicring  IVhalley,  Ingoldjby,  Goffe,  and  divers  others 
of  the  Protector's  Party,  and  reftoring  Lambert,  Ha- 
felrigge,  Qkey,  and  others,  difplaccd  by  Protector 
Oliver,  and  played  with  the  Government  for  a  few 
Days,  and  grew  weary  of  it,  the  inferior  Officers  and 
the  Pamphlets  (that  now  flew  about  daily  without 
Control)  carrying  Things  beyond  the  Intention  of 
the  Chief  Officers,  who  would  have  left  the  Protec- 
tor a  Duke  oiFcnice,  (for  his  Father's  Sake  who  rai- 
fed  them,  and  their  Relation  to  him,  which  they  had 
forgotten  till  now)  they  fent  to  fome  of  their  old 
Hackney  Drudges  of  the  Long  Parliament,  then  in 
London,  who  they  knew  would  do  any  thing,  fo  they 
might  be  fuffered  to  fit,  and  on  the  5th  and  6th  Days 
of  May  had  Conference  with  them  ;  the  laft  of  which 
was  at  their  never-failing  Speaker's,  the  M  after  of  the 
Rolls  Houfe,  in  Chancery- Lane;  where  both  Officers, 
•viz.  Lambert,  who  had  already  gotten  his  old  Place, 
and  others  with  him,  and  Members,  viz.  Sir  PL 
Vane,  Sir  Arthur  Hafelrigge,  Ludlow,  John  Jones, 
Mr.  Chalontr,  Mr.  Scctt,  and  others,  to  the  Num- 
ber of  twenty,  follicitcd  William  Lenthall,  Efq-,  to 
fit  Speaker  again;  but  he  objected  Scruples  in  Judg- 

VOL.  XXL  A  a  ment 

t>  This  Pamphlet  has  for  its  Title  England's  Ccnfufion  5   or,  A 
true  and  impartial  Account  of  tbt  latt  Tra-utrftt  of  State  in  England, 
•teitb  tie  Counfeh  Itading  tbtrtunto.     Together  -will  a  Dffcrifi.. 
the  freftnt  Power  ruling  there,  ly  the  Name  of  Parliament,  urd<  •     -  • 
Mejk  tftbe  Good  old  Cauft.    Load.  1659,  410,  p,  14, 


370     ?$<?  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  ment  and  Confcience,  which  are  not  yet  anfwered, 
l659-  nor  never  will.  Neverthelefs,  fifteen  Articles  be- 
5"""J^""""*'  tween  the  Officers  and  fome  of  the  Members  (who, 
it  feems,  over-confidcntly  undertook  for  the  reft) 
being  firft  agreed  on  at  fome  of  their  Meeting?,  they 
refolved  to  meet  in  the  Houfe  on  Saturday  the  yth 
of  May ;  yet,  that  they  might  do  it  by  Surprize, 
they  gave  out  that  they  would  not  fit  till  Tuesday 
the  roth  of  May.  But  the  Itch  of  Ambition  and 
Lording  it  over  the  People  giving  them  no  Quiet, 
on  Saturday  the  yth  of  May,  early,  they  met  in  the 
Painted-Chamber  at  JVeftminjler ;  and,  to  make  up 
their  Number,  fent  for  the  two  chafte  Cock-Spar- 
rows, Lord  Monfon  and  Mr.  Henry  Martin,  out  of 
Prifon,  where  they  were  in  Execution  for  Debt,  and 
honeft  IVhithcke  and  Lijle  of  the  Chancery  Bench  ; 
and  with  this  Addition,  being  forty-two  in  Number, 
the  Chancery-Mace,  for  Hafte,  being  carried  before 
them, 
William  Lentlall,  Efq;  their  tender-confcienced 

Speaker,  together  with  the  faid  Lord  Monfon, 
Henry  Martin , 
Mr.  Wbitlocke, 
Mr.  Lijle  * 

Temperate  Mr.  Chalotier, 
Wife  Alderman  Atkin, 
Rich  Alderman  Pennington, 
Pedantic  Thomas  Scott, 
Haftily-rich  Cornelius  Holland, 
Single-hearted  preaching  Sir  Henry  Fane,  now  be- 
come Old  Sir  Harry, 

Prideaux,  Attorney-General  to  all  Governments, 
Smiling  Sir  James  Harrington, 
Levelling  Ludlow, 
Pembrochian  Oldfwortb,  that  made  the  Earl   his 

Matter's  wife  Speeches, 

Vain-glorious  hair-brain'd  Hafilrigge,  with  Repent- 
ance like  the  Armies  in  his  Conference,  and  the 
Biflioprick  of  Durham  at  his  Back, 
Sir  Thomas  Middletcn's  Man  Jones, 
Doting  Purefoy,  without  Purity  or  Faith, 
Religious  Harry  Nevill, 

Coi. 


Of    E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       371 

Col.  mite,  the  Lord  Fairfax' 's  Secretary,  got  be-  Inter-reguum. 
fore  his  Mafter,  *659- 

Mr.  Say,  the  famous  Lawyer,  ^'"M*~' 

Mr.  Elagrave,  better  known  at  Reading  than  here, 

Col.  Bennett,  Sir  Henry  Pane's  little  Second  at 
Preaching, 

Mr.  Erewfler,  a  Cypher  to  make  up  the  Number, 

Serjeant  Ifyide,  beft  known  by  the  Name  of  the 
Wild  Serjeant, 

*-fohn  Goodwin,  alias  Herb  John, 

Mr.  Lechmere,  the  Attorney-General's  Second  at 
all  Governments. 

Auguftin  Skinner,  a  Kentijh  Chriftian, 

Mr.  Downes,  another  Cypher, 

Mr.  Dove,  a  Brewer  of  Salijbury,  come  to  help  in 
this  new  Brewing, 

Mr.  John  Lenthall,   William  Lenthalfs  own  Son, 

Salway,  a  fmart  prating  Apprentice,  newly  fet  up 
for  himfelf, 

Mr.  John  Corbet,  fuch  another  Lawyer  as  Milest 
and  of  his  own  Colour, 

Mr.  Walton,  that  will  never  forget  his  Son  furnim/d 
Blacks  for  the  Protector's  Funeral, 

Gilbert  Milllngtan ,  the  Church  Snuffers,  who  defires 
no  better  Trade  than  fcandalous  Minifters, 

Mr.  Gould,  newly  married  to  get  more,  the  Com- 
monwealth being  poor, 

Colonels  Sydenbam  and  Bingham,  a  Darfet/Jnre 
Couple,  in  at  all  Governments,  who  had  rather 
talk  than  fight,  and  yet  will  venture  to  do  any 
thing,  being  back'd  with  an  Army,  againft  the 
naked  People, 

Col.  Ayre,  whofe  Name  fills  his  Head, 

Mr.  Smith,  a  Six-Clerk,  that  wiflies  he  could  write 
and  read, 

Col.  Ingoldjby,  that  fought  fo  well  lately  for  the  Pro- 
tector againft  Fleetwood,  and 

Fleetwood,  that  holy  Man,  who  fo  fmoothly  fup- 
planted  die  Protector,  that  he  perfuaded  him, 
three  Crowns  were  not  worthy  a  drawn  Sword, 

ftole  on  a  Sudden  into  the  Houfe,  the  Invitation  of 
A  a  2  the 


372     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-regnum.  the  Army  for  the  fitting  of  the  Long  Parliament,  as 
they  call  it,  being  firft  publifhed  in  Weftminjler- 

To  conclude  this  whole  Affair,  and  begin  with 
the  Proceedings  of  this  Tail  of  a  Parliament,  we 
fhall  only  fubjoin  what  the  voluminous  Mr.  Prynne 
has  left  us  at  the  End  of  one  of  the  many  Pamphlets 
he  published  about  this  Timec,  and  is  an  Alphabe- 
tical Lift,  &c.  By  comparing  which  with  the  former 
Parliamentary  Lifts,  the  Reader  may,  with  very 
little  Trouble,  find  who  was  thought  proper  to  be 
kept  in,  and  who  fhut  out,  at  this  Crifis. 

An  exatt  ALPHABETICAL  LIST  of  all  the  old  and 
new  SECLUDED  MEMBERS  of  the  Commons  tioafs 
in  the  Long  Parliament  ^  furviving  May  7,  l6j 
when  the  dijjolved  Juntto  began  their  neiv  Se  ~ 

Baronets,  Knights,  and  Vifcounts. 


1659, 

ejjion, 


A  Lift  of  the  y     ORD  Ancram, 


ment,  furviving 
in  1659. 


ohn  Harrington, 
Sir  Thomas  Barnardifto 
Sir  Robert  Benloes, 
Sir  George  Booth  , 
Sir  Humphry  Bridges, 
Sir  Ambrofe  Brown, 
Sir  John  Burgoin, 
Sir  Roger  Burgoin, 
Sir  Henry  Cholmley, 
Sir  yohn  Clotworthy, 
Sir  John  Corbet, 
Sir  John  Curzon, 
Sir  Thomas  Dacres, 
Sir  Francis  Drake, 
Sir  William  Drake, 
Sir  Walter  Erie, 
Sir  Charles  Egerton, 


Sir  JohnEvelin  of  Surry, 
Sir  John  Evelin  of  Wilts* 
Sir  John  Fen-wick, 
Sir  Edmund  Fowel, 
Sir  Gilbert  Gerard, 
Sir  Harbotle  Grim/Jon, 
Sir  Richard  Haughton, 
Sir  John  Holland, 
Sir  Anthony  Irby, 
Sir  Martin  Knatchbuil9 
Sir  John  Leigh, 
Sir  William  Lewis, 
Sir  William  Lifter, 
Sir  William  Litton, 
Sir  Samuel  Luke, 
Sir  Nicholas  Martin, 
Sir  Thomas  Middleton* 
Sir  Robert  Napier, 
Sir  Robert  Nedham, 

Sir 


«  This  Pamphlet  is  in  Quarto,  of  48  Pages,  Ltnd.  1659,  and  is 
intituled,  Conscientious,  Serious,  "Theological,  and  Lej?a!  Queries,  pro- 
founded  to  the  ttoice-diffpated,  ^elf-created  Anti-Parliamentary  Weft- 
tninfter  JunSo,  Ice.  &c.  &c.  for  he  always  fills  his  Title  Pages  from 
Top  to  Bottwn,  and  ends  with  divert  Quotations  from  Scripture, 


Of   E  N  G 

Sir  Dudley  North, 
Sir  John  Northcot, 
Sir  Richard  Onflow, 
Sir  Hugh  Owen, 
Sir  "John  Pa/grave, 
Sir  Philip  Parker, 
Sir  Thomas  Parker, 
Sir  Edward  Partridge, 
Sir  y<7^«  Pelham, 
Sir  ApSftaa  P/a 
Sir  Nevil  Poole, 
Sir  7^»  P0//J, 
Sir  Robert  Pye, 


May. 


LAND.       373 

Sir  Francis  Rujfil,  Inter-reg* 

Sir  Beauchamp  St.  John, 

Sir  John  Seymort, 

Sir  Thomas  Soame, 

Sir  William  Strickland^ 

Sir  John  Temple, 

Sir  Thomas  Trevor, 

Sir  Humphry  Tufton, 

Thomas  Vifc.  Wenman^ 
Sir  Henry  Worfley, 
Sir  Richard 
Sir  7^  Young. 

In  all  64. 


Efquires,  Gentlemen,  and  Lawyers. 

William  Carrent, 
Col.  Ceely, 
James  Chaloner* 
Mr.  C/»™, 
Commiflary  Copley^ 
John  Crewe, 
Thomas  Crompton, 
Mr.  Crowder, 
Thomas Dacre, 
John  Dormer^ 
John  Doyle, 
Mr.  Drake, 
Robert  Ellifon, 
Mr.  Erijy, 
Mr.  Evilin, 
Edward  Fowel, 
William  Foxwijl% 
John  Francis, 
James  Fiennes, 
Nathaniel  Fiennes^ 
Sarnuei  Gardner, 
Francis  Gerard, 
Thomas  Gewen, 
William  Glanville, 
John  Glynn,  Serjeant  at 

Law, 
»  3*  Samuel 


Arthur  Annejley, 
Mr.  Andrews, 
William  Ardington, 
John  Arundel, 
Mr.  A/cough, 
Francis  Bacon, 
Nathaniel  Bacon, 
Edward  Bainton, 
Col.  John  Barker, 
Maurice  Barrow, 
Mr.  Bell, 
James  Bence, 

Edward  BiJJ), 
John  Bowyer, 
John  Boyes, 
Major  Brooks, 
Major-General  Brown, 
Samuel  Brown,  Serjeant 

at  Law, 
Francis  Buller, 
John  Bunklty, 
Hugh  BofcQwetiy 
Mr.  Button, 
Mr.  Campbely 

A 


374     fflg  'Parliamentary  HISTORY 


Inter-  regnum.  Samuel  Gott, 

Alderman  Nixon, 

*659-        Thomas  Grove, 

Mr.  North, 

r»~  -^    Elias  Grymes, 

Col.  Norton, 

Brampton  Gordon, 

Mr.  Onflow, 

Edward  Harby, 

Arthur  Owen, 

Col.  Edward  Harley, 

Henry  Oxinden, 

Major  Harley, 

Mr.  Packer, 

John  Hatcher, 

Mr.  Peck, 

John  Haydon, 

Henry  Pelham, 

James  Herbert, 

William  Pierepoint, 

John  Herbert, 
Mr.  Hobby  ) 

Jervafe  Piggot, 
Mr.  Potter, 

Thomas  Hodgei, 

Mr.  Poole, 

Denzil  Holies, 

Col.  Alexander  Popham, 

Francis  Holies, 

Mr.  Pavy, 

George  Homer, 

Mr.  Prtjly, 

Edmund  Hojlins, 
John  Hungerford, 

William  Prynne, 
Alexander  Pymmt, 

Col.  Hunt, 

Charles  Pymme, 

Mr.  Jennings, 

Mr.  Rain/craft, 

William  Jones, 

Mr.  Ratcli/e, 

George  Keckwich, 

Charles  Rich, 

Richard  Knightly, 
Col.  Lafcelles, 

Col.  Edward  Ro/iter, 
Mr.  Scowen, 

Henry  Lawrence, 

MrsScutt, 

Col.  Lee, 

Col.  Robert  Shapcot, 

Mr.  Lewis, 

Col.  Shuttleworth, 

Col.  Walter  Long, 

Mr.  Spelman, 

Mr.  Lowry, 

Mr.  Springats, 

Col.  John  Lloyd, 

Henry  Stapleton, 

Mr.  Lucas, 

Robert  Stanton, 

Mr.  Luckin, 

Edward  Stephens, 

John  Maynard, 
Cbriftopher  Martin, 

John  Stephens, 
Nathaniel  Stephens, 

Major-General  Edward 

Mr.  Stockfield, 

MaJJey, 

John  Swinfen, 

Thomas  Middleton, 

Mr.  Temple, 

Thomas  Moore, 

Mr.  Terwit, 

William  Morrice, 

Mr.  Thijllethwaite, 

George  Montague, 

Mr.  Thomas, 

Mr.  Najh, 

Jfaac  Thomas, 

James  Nelthorps, 

Mr.  Thynne, 
Mr. 

Intcr-regnum. 
1659- 


May. 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.      375 

.Mr.  Tolfon,  William  Wheeler  , 

John  Trevor,  Col.  Whitehead,              . 

"Thomas    Iwifden,  Ser-     Henry  Wilkes, 

jcant  at  Law,  Capt.  Wlnsatt^ 

Mr.  Vajflal,  Mr.  Wmwood, 

Mr.  raugoan,  Thumps  Wogan, 

Thomas  Waller,  Mr.  Wray, 

Mr.  Weft,  Richard  Wynne. 
Henry  WeJIon, 

The  Total  Number>  213;  befides  the  Houfe 
of  Lords. 


An  ALPHABETICAL  LIST  of  all  the  MEMBERS  of 
the  late-dijfihed  JunSlo. 

John  Gurdon,  The  Names  of 

Mr.  Hallowes,  thofe  allowed  to 

Sir  James  Harrington,     fitt 

Col.  Harvy, 

Sir  Arthur  Hafilrlgge, 

Mr.  Hayes,     ' 

Mr.  Herbert,  the  felf- 
degraded  Earl  of  Pem- 
broke, 

Roger  Hill, 

Cornelius  Holland, 

Col.  Hutchinfon, 

Col.  Ingoldjby, 

Philip  Jones, 

Mr.  Leachmere, 

Will.  Lenthall,  Speaker, 

John  Lenthall,  his  Son, 

John  Life, 

Philip  VfTcount  Life, 

Thomas  Lifter, 

Nicholas  Love, 

Col.  JLudlow, 

Henry  Martin,  a  Prifoner 
in  Execution, 

Mr.  Mayne, 

Sir  Henry  Mildmay, 

Gilbert  Millington, 

Col; 


Alderman  Atkins^ 

illiam  Ayre^ 
Mr.  Baker, 
Col.  Rennet^ 
Col.  Bingham^ 
Daniel  Elagrave, 
Mr.  Briwfftr, 
William  Cau'ly, 
Thomas  Chaloner^ 
Mr.C^/V,theSelf-degra- 

dcd  Earl  of  Sali/bury, 
Robert  Cecil,  his  Son, 
John  Corbety 
Henry  Darley, 
Richard  Darley, 
Mr.  Dixwell, 
"John  Dove, 
Mr.  Doivnes, 
William  Ellis, 
Mr.  Fielder,  ' 
Mr.  Fell, 

Col.  Charles  Fleetwood, 
Auguflin  Garland, 
Mr.  Gould, 
"John  Goodwin, 
Robert  Goodwin, 


376 


Parliamentary  HISTORY 


May. 


Jnttr-regnum.  Col.  Herbert  JWorhy, 
4  ^5lL  t    k°rd  Vifcount  Monfon,  a 
Prifoner  in  Execution, 
Henry  Nevil, 
Robert  Nicholas, 
Michael  Old/worth^ 
Mr.  Palmer, 
Alderman  Pennington, 
Sir  Gilbert  Pickering, 
John  Pine, 
Edmund  Prideaux, 
William  Purefoy, 
Thomas  Pury, 
Robert  Reynolds, 
Col.  Rich, 
Luke  Robinfon, 
Oliver  St.  John, 
Major  Salway, 
Mr.  Say, 
Thomas  Scott, 
Major-General  Skippon, 


Auguftin  Skinner  % 

Mr.  Smith, 

Walter  Strickland? 

Col.  Sydenham, 

'James  Temple, 

"Col.  Temple, 

Col.  Thompfon, 

Serjeant  Thorpe, 

"John  Trencher, 

Sir  'John  Trevor, 

Sir  Henry  Vane, 

Mr.  Wallop, 

Sir  Thomas 

Col.  Walton, 

Sir  Peter  Wentworth, 

Edmund  Weaver, 

Mr.  White, 

Serjeant  Wilde, 

Sir  Thomas  Witherington^ 

Sir  Thomas  Wroth. 

The  total  Number,  gr. 


To  the  foregoing  Prynne  adds,  c  That,  of  thefe 
Members,  there  entered  only  forty-two  into  the 
Houfe  at  firft ;  that  the  reft  came  in  to  them  by 
Degrees,  either  to  keep  their  old  Preferments,  gain 
new,  or  regain  the  Places  they  had  formerly  loft, 
efpecially  the  Lawyers;  who,  notwithftanding  their 
former  Compliances,  were  turn'd  quite  out  of  Office, 
and  dif-judged  :  That  eight,  or  more  of  them, 
came  in  by  new  "Writs,  iffued  in  the  Name  of  the 
Keepers  of  the  Liberties  of  England,  after  the  King's 
Beheading,  and  were  no  Members  of  the  Long 
Parliament :  That  there  were  never  fixty  of  them 
together  in  the  Houfe  at  once  whilft  they  fat,  and 
but  fifty-feven  on  the  iith  and  I2th  of  Oftober  laft, 
upon  the  great  Debate  between  them  and  the  Army 
Officers  :  And  fome  that  fat  formerly  with  them,  as 
the  Lord  Fairfax,  "John  Gary,  and  others,  refufed  to 
fit  with  them  now,  as  having  not  the  leaft  Colour  of 

Law 


Of    ENGLAND.       377 

Lawtofit  or  actas  aParliament.  Yea,  their  Speaker,  Inter-re|num« 

Mr.  Lenthall,  told   the  Officers  of  the  Army  and        l659- 

Members,  who  came  to  invite  him  to  fit  again,    ^""7**^"*""^ 

May  6,  That  he  had  a  Soul  to  fave  ;  and  that  he  was 

not  fatisfied,  in  Point  of  Law,  Confcience,  or  Pru- 

dence, that  they  could  fit  again  :  But  at  laft,  when 

he  confidered  he  had  an  Euate  to  fave,  as  he  told 

another  Friend,  that  over-balanced  all  his  former 

Objections  ;  and  made  him  and  other  Members  aft 

againft  their  Judgments  and  Confciences,  and  to  for- 

get our  Saviour's  fad  Queries,  Mat.  xvi.  26.  What 

is  a  Man  profited  if  be  Jhould  gain  the  whole  World 

andlofe  his  own  Soul?  Or,  What  fo  ail  a  Man  give  in 

Exchange  for  his  Soul? 

May  7.  The  Journals  of  this  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons now  begin  without  any  Preamble,  and  with- 
out any  Notice  taken  of  the  laft  Breaking-up  ;  and, 
after  appointing  Henry  Middleton,  Efq;  their  Ser- 
jeant at  Arms,  and  John  Phelpes,  Efq;  their  Clerk 
of  Parliament,  the  Speaker  acquainted  the  Houfe, 
'  That  the  Lord  Lambert,  with  divers  Officers  of 
the  Army,  in  the  Name  of  the  Lord  Fleetwood,  and 
Council  of  Officers,  upon  the  6th  of  May,  1659, 
came  unto  him,  many  of  the  Members  being  then 
prefent,  and  delivered  unto  him  a  Declaration, 
which  was  then  read  in  the  Prefence  of  the  faid 
Members  :  The  faid  Declaration  the  Speaker  now 
tendred  ;  which  was  read,  and  is  the  fame  as  be- 
fore given.  * 

After  this  a  Committee  of  five  Members,  Major 
Sal-way,  Commiffioner  Whitlocke,  Sir  Henry  Vane, 
Secretary  Martin,  and  Sir  Arthur  Hafilrigge,  were 
ordered  to  prepare  a  Declaration,  to  the  prefent  Pur- 
pofe,  upon  the  former  from  the  Army.  Likewifs 
another  Committee  of  twelve,  Scott,  Haftlriggt, 
Commiffioner  Lijle,  Ludlow,  Lechmere,  Holland^ 
Fane,  Martin,  the  Attorney  General,  Harrington^ 


6  Sec  p.  367,  in  this  Vyl, 


378     'The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

Inter-re&num.  We/Ion^  and  Jones,  were  appointed  to  perufe  the 
Books,  and  other  Records  of  Parliament,  concern- 
the  Members  of  this  Houfe,  who  fat  fmce  Ja- 
nuary 30,  1648,  untill  April  20,  1653,  and  are  not 
excluded  by  Judgment  of  Parliament,  and  to  give 
this  Houfe  an  Account  of  the  faid  Members. 

The  Form  of  a  Letter  was  alfo  agreed  upon,  to 
be  figned  by  the  Speaker,  and  fent  to  the  feveral 
Members  that  are  abfent ;  which  Letter  was  in  thefe 
Words  : 

SIR, 

The  Speaker's    «  rT\  H  E  Parliament  of  this  Commonwealth  be- 

nfoifthe  Mem-  '     A      m»»  ^7  God's  Bleffing,  now  again  reftored 

bers.  '  to  the  Freedom  and  Right  of  fitting,  where  they 

'  were  interrupted  on  the  20th  of  April^  1653,  have 

*  commanded  me  to  give  you  fpeedy  Notice  thereof, 
4  to  require  your  perfonal  Attendance  forthwith,  for 
'  the  carrying  on  the  great  Work  expected  from 

*  them,  in  fettling  and  fecuring  the  Peace  and  Free- 
'  dom  of  this  Commonwealth,  according  to  your 
'Duty  in  that  Behalf. 

Your  loving  Friend.* 

Major  Salway,  according  to  Order,  brought  in  a 
Draught  of  a  Declaration,  concerning  the  wonderful 
Providence  of  God,  in  reftoring  this  prefent  Parlia- 
ment to  the  Exercife  and  Difcharge  of  their  Truft ; 
which  was  read  firft  throughout,  then  in  Parts,  and 
debated,  and  feveral  Amendments  being  made,  on 
the  Queflion,  it  pafled,  and  was  as  follows : 


A  DECLARATION  of  the  PARLIAMENT  afftmbled 
at  Weftminfter. 

*  "\TC  /"Hereas  the  Parliament  of  this  Common- 
<      y  V     wealth    having,    through    the    eminent 

*  Favour  and  Mercy  of  God,  fat  many  Years  in  the 

*  Performance  of  the  Trufts  repofed  in  them  by  the 
6  People  whofe  Repefentatives  they  are  ;  and  being, 


TheParlia- 
ment's  Declara 
tion* 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       379 

*  in  the  Profecution  of  that  Duty,  aflembled  in  Par-  inter-rtgnum. 

*  liament,  at  IVfJIminfter*   upon  the  20th  Day  of 
8  Apri^    1653,  were  then  interrupted,  and  forced 
8  out  of  the  Houfc  from  that  Time  untill  this  prefent 

*  Day. 

8  And  whereas  the  Officers  of  the  Army  raifed  by 
8  this  prefent  Parliament,  calling  to  mind  that  the' 

*  fame  Parliament,  confiding  of  the  Members  which 

*  continued  to  fit  untill  the  20th  of  April,   1653, 

*  were  Aflertors  of  the  Good  old  Caufe,  and  had  a 

*  fpecial  Prefence  of  God  with  them,  and  were  fig- 
'  nally  blefled  in  that  Work ;  did  adjudge  it  their 

*  Duty  (the  Defires  of  many  good  People  concur - 

*  ring  with  them  therein)  to  invite  the  aforefaid 
8  Members  to  return  to  the  Exercife  and  Difcharge 

*  of  their  Trufts,  as  before  the  faid  2Oth  of  April^ 
8  1653. 

8  And  for  the  effecting  thereof,  the  Lord  Lambert, 
8  with  divers  other  Officers  of  the  Army,  in  the 
'  Name  of  the  Lord  Fleetwood  and  Council  of  Offi- 
8  cers  of  the  Army,  did,  upon  the  6th  Day  of  May , 
8  1659,  rafort  unto  the  Speaker  of  the  faid  Parlia- 

*  ment  ;   and,    in  the  Prefence  of  many  of  the  faic? 
8  Members  of  Parliament,  prefcnted  a  Declaration, 
8  containing  their  earned  Defire,  that  the  Parlia- 
8  ment,  confiding  of  thofe  Members  who  continued 
8  to  fit  fince  the  Year  1648,  until  the  20th  of  /fyr//, 
8  1653,  would  return  to  the  Exercife  and  Difcharge 
8  of  their  Truft  ;  promifing  their  Readinefs  in  their 
8  Places,  as  became  them,   to  yield  their  utmoit 
8  Affiftance  to  them,  to  fit  in  Safety,  for  improving 
8  the  prefent  Opportunity  for  fettling  and  fecuring 
8  the  Peace  and  Freedom  of  this  Commonwealth  ; 

*  Praying  for  the  Prefence  and  Bleffing  of  God  upon 
8  their  Endeavours. 

8  Whereupon  the  Speaker,  with  the  aforefaid 
8  Members  of  Parliament,  refolved  to  meet  at  Weft- 
8  minfter  the  next  Morning,  giving  Notice  to  others 
8  of  their  Fellow- Members,  of  fuch  their  Intention. 

8  And  accordingly  the  Speaker,  with  the  faid 
8  Members,  being  aflembled  at  Wejlminjler  the  ijth 
1  of  May,  1659,  found  it  a  Duty  incumbent  on 

them 


Inter-regnum. 
1659. 


May. 


380     The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

them  not  to  neglect  this  Opportunity,  which  the 
wonderful,  and,  as  they  hope,  the  gracious  Provi- 
dence of  God,  hath  held  forth  unto  them,  for  the 
Profecution  of  what  yet  remains  of  their  great 
Truft. 

*  All  which  the  Parliament  taking  into  their  Con- 
fideration,  do  declare,  That  they  are  refolved, 
through  the  gracious  Afliftance  of  Almighty  God, 
to  apply  themfelves  to  the  faithful  Discharge  of 
the  Truft  repofed  in  them,  and  to  endeavour  the 
Settlement  of  this  Commonwealth  upon  fuch  a 
Foundation,  as  may  afiert,  eftablifh,  and  fecure 
the  Property  and  the  Liberties  of  the  People,  in 
reference  unto  all,  both  as  Men,  and  as  Chriftians  ; 
and  that  without  a  Single  Perfon,  Kingfhip,  or 
Houfe  of  Peers  :  And  fhall  vigoroufly  endeavour 
the  carrying  on  of  Reformation  fo  much  defired, 
and  fo  often  declared  for ;  to  the  end  there  may  be 
a  godly  and  faithful  JVlagiftracy  and  Miniftry  up- 
held and  maintained  in  thefe  Nations,  to  the  Glo- 
ry and  Praife  of  our  Lord  Jefus  Ckrift,  and  to  the 
reviving  and  making  glad  the  Hearts  of  the  Upright 
in  the  Land.' 

The  fame  Day  another  Committee  was  named, 
ef  much  the  fame  Perfons,  who  were  to  repair  to  the 
Lord  Fleet-wood^  and  acquaint  him  of  the  Parlia- 
ment's good  Acceptance  of  the  Affections  of  the 
Officers  of  the  Army  to  the  Parliament  and  this 
Commonwealth,  manifefted  in  their  Declaration 
delivered  to  the  Speaker,  and  by  him  communicated 
to  this  Houfe.  That  they  have  expreffed  their  In- 
tentions thereupon,  in  another  Declaration  now 
pafled,  which  the  Parliament  have  appointed  to  be 
forthwith  printed,  and  to  be  published  by  the  She- 
Tiffs  of  the  feveral  Counties  throughout  the  Nation. 

They  next  proceeded  to  conftitute  a  Committee 
of  Safety,  pro  Tempore,  which  were  the  Lord  Fleet' 
woo^  Sir  Arthur  Hafilrlgge^  Sir  Henry  Vane^  Lieu- 
tenant-General  Liidlow,  Col.  Sydenhatn,  Major 
Saliuay,  and  Col.  John  Jones,  with  full  Power  to 
take  efpecial  and  effectual  Care  to  preferve  the 

Peace 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.         381 

Peace  and  Safety  of  this  Commonwealth  ;  and  that  Jnter-rcgnum, 
all  Officers,  Soldiers,  and  Minifters  of  Juftice,  give         l659* 
due  Obedience  to  the  Orders  of  this  Committee.    ^""TJ*~~* 
To  fit  at  fuch  Time  and  Places  as  they,  in  their 
Difcretion,  (hall   think  fit ;  and  are  to  continue  for 
the  Space  of  eight  Days,  and  no  longer. 

Ordered,  That  a  true  Copy  of  the  Declaration, 
concerning  the  Parliament's  being  reftored  to  the 
Exercife  of  their  Truft,  be  fent  to  the  Lord  Mayor 
of  London,  to  be  by  him  publiflied  within  the  City 
and  Liberties  thereof.  And  that  the  Lord  Mayor 
be  defired  to  take  efpecial  Care  of  the  Prefervation 
and  Peace  of  the  City. 

The  Lord  Whitlocke,  Mr.  Attorney-General, 
Lechmere,  Corbet,  Say,  Commiffioner  Lifle,  Chief 
Baron  Wyldt,  and  Mr.  Martin,  were  made  a  Com- 
mittee, to  confider  how  the  Adminiftration  of  Ju- 
ftice may  be,  for  the  prefent,  carried  on  in  this 
Commonwealth,  by  Authority  of  Parliament,  and 
to  prefent  a  Bill  for  this  Purpofe,  on  Monday  next, 
if  they  think  fit. 

Laftly,  and  to  crown  the  Work  of  this  long  Day, 
it  was  ordered,  That  the  Parliament  meet  To- 
morrow Morning,  being  Sunday,  in  that  Place,  to 
feek  the  Lord  for  his  Guidance  and  Bleffing  on  the 
Parliament  and  their  Proceedings;  and  that  Dr. 
Owen  be  defired  to  be  affiftant  in  carrying  on  the 
Duty  of  the  Day.  This  Ceremony  will  beft  ap- 
pear in  the  Words  of  the  "Journals. 

Lord's  Day,  %tb  of  May,  1659. 

*  The  Houfe  met  this  Morning,   and  fpent  it  in 
Prayer  and  hearing  the  Word,  Dr.  Owen  praying 
and  preaching  before  them. 

*  Mr.  Speaker  took  the  Chair. 

'  Ordered,  That  the  very  hearty  Thanks  of  the 
Parliament  be  given  to  Dr.  Owen,  for  his  great 
Pains  in  that  feafonable  Word  the  Lord  had  enabled 
him  to  deliver,  in  a  Sermon  preached  this  Morning 
before  the  Parliament,  in  this  Place  ;  and  that  he  be 
defired  to  print  his  Sermon  with  all  convenient 
Speed  :  And  that  Col.  John  JontT,  and  Major  Sal- 
way 


382      The  Parliamentary  HISTORY 

inter-regnum.  way,  do  acquaint  him  therewith,  and  give  him  the 
*^59-        Thanks  of  the  Parliament  accordingly.' 

Major  Salway  reported  from  the  Committee  of 
Safety,  'That,  having  endeavoured  to  inform  them- 
felves of  the  State  of  Affairs,  in  reference  to  the  Peace 
of  this  Commonwealth,  they  have  received  good 
Intelligence,  That  Charles  Stuart  intends  a  fpeedy 
Invafion,  having  for  that  Purpofe  1300  Men,  al- 
ready on  their  March,  500  of  which  are  come  to 
Bruges :  And  that  there  are  lately  come  over  from 
Flanders  into  England  very  many  of  Charles  Stuart's. 
Party,  feveral  of  which  are  excepted  from  Pardon  ; 
as  Capt.  Titus  and  Co-1.  Maffey ;  and  that  there 
were  Endeavours  ufed  to  draw  over  fome  of  the 
Army  of  this  Commonwealth  to  theirs  :  That, 
upon  Search  laft  Night,  they  found  that  Titus  and 
Maffey  were  flipp'd  away,  but  fome  others,  newly 
come  from  Flanders,  were  apprehended  ;  a  Lift  of 
whofe  Names  they  hoped  to  give  in  the  next  Morn- 
ing. They  defired  alfo,  that  Lambert^  De/barougb^ 
and  Col.  fiury,  might  be  added  to  their  Committee  j 
which  was  granted.' 

It  was  ordered  alfo,  *  That  it  be  referred  to  the 
Members  of  Parliament,  that  are  of  this  Committee 
of  Safety,  to  inform  themfelves  of  the  Powers  of  the 
late  Council  of  State,  by  Authority  of  Parliament, 
and  to  conftder  of  a  fit  Number  of  Perfons  of 
which  the  Council  of  State  may  hereafter  confifr, 
and  to  make  Report  thereof  to  the  Parliament.'. 

4  Ordered,  That  fuch  Perfons,  heretofore  Mem- 
bers of  this  Parliament,  as  have  not  fat  in  this  Par- 
liament fmce  the  Year  1648,  and  have  not  fubfcri- 
bed  the  Engagement,  in  the  Roll  of  the  Engage- 
ment of  this  Houfe,  fhall  not  fit  in  this  Houfe  till 
further  Order  of  Parliament. 

*  Ordered,  That  the  Committee  to  whom  the 
Cafes  of  the  Members  of  this  Parliament,  that  fat 
not  fmce  the  Year  1648,  were  formerly  referred,  do 
jevife  the  Journals  of  Parliament,  and  thereby  in- 
/orm  themfelves  of  the  Cafes  of  the  faid  Members, 
and  they  do  ftate  the  Matter  of  Fa&,  and  the  fe- 
veral 


Of   E  N  G  L  A  N  D.       383 

veral  Votes  and  Orders  of  Parliament,  concerning  Inter-regnum. 

fuch  Members,  and  report  it  to  the  Parliament : 

That  the  Cafe  of  the  Lord  Fairfax,  and  Sir  Anthony        May 

AJhley  Cooper^  be  referred  to  the  faid  Committee. 

The  firft  of  thefe  laft  Votes  was  ordered  to  be  fet 

upon  the  Parliament  Door. 

'  Refolved,  on  the  Queftion,  That  all  fuch  who 
fhall  be  in  any  Place  of  Truft,  or  Power,  within, 
this  Commonwealth,  (hall  be  able  for  the  Difcharge 
of  fuch  Truft;  and  that  they  be  Perfons  fearing 
God,  and  that  have  given  Tertimony  of  their  Love  to 
all  the  People  of  God,  and  of  their  Faithtulnefs  to  the 
Cauie  of  this  Commonwealth,  according  to  the  De- 
claration of  Parliament  of  the  yth  of  May,  1659. 

'  Ordered,  That  it  be  referred  to  the  Committee 
of  Safety,  to  confider  of  fit